Scribd
Upload
2K views3 pages

Indus Valley Civilisation

The Indus Valley Civilization was one of the earliest urban cultures in South Asia, established around 3300 BC along the Indus River valley. At its peak from 2600-1900 BC, it covered parts of modern-day Pakistan and northwest India, with major cities like Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro exhibiting sophisticated architecture, urban planning, and sanitation systems. Though its writing remains undeciphered, the Indus Valley people practiced agriculture, domesticated animals, developed skilled crafts like pottery and seal carving, and may have worshipped nature deities before the civilization began declining around 1900 BC.

Uploaded by

newcontrol test
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
2K views3 pages

Indus Valley Civilisation

The Indus Valley Civilization was one of the earliest urban cultures in South Asia, established around 3300 BC along the Indus River valley. At its peak from 2600-1900 BC, it covered parts of modern-day Pakistan and northwest India, with major cities like Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro exhibiting sophisticated architecture, urban planning, and sanitation systems. Though its writing remains undeciphered, the Indus Valley people practiced agriculture, domesticated animals, developed skilled crafts like pottery and seal carving, and may have worshipped nature deities before the civilization began declining around 1900 BC.

Uploaded by

newcontrol test
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 3

Indus Valley Civilization

 About:
o Indus civilization, also called Indus valley civilization is
the earliest known urban culture of the Indian
subcontinent.
 It is also called Harappan Civilization after the first
city to be excavated, Harappa (Punjab, Pakistan).
o Among the world’s three earliest civilizations—the other
two are those of Mesopotamia and Egypt—the Indus
civilization was the most extensive.
 Time Period:
o It was established around 3300
BC. It flourished between 2600 BC and 1900 BC. It started
declining around 1900 BC and disappeared around 1400 BC.
 Geographical Extent:
o Covered Punjab, Sindh, Balochistan, Rajasthan, Gujarat and
Western Uttar Pradesh.
o It extended from Sutkagengor (in Balochistan) in the West
to Alamgirpur (Western UP) in the East; and
from Mandu (Jammu) in the North
to Daimabad (Ahmednagar, Maharashtra) in the South. Some
Indus Valley sites have also been found as far away as
Afghanistan.
 Important Sites:
o Kalibangan (Rajasthan), Lothal, Dholavira, Rangpur,
Surkotda (Gujarat), Banawali (Haryana), Ropar (Punjab).
o In Pakistan: Harappa (on river Ravi), Mohenjodaro (on
Indus River in Sindh), Chanhudaro (in Sindh).
 Some Important Features:
o The Indus Valley cities show a level of sophistication and
advancement not seen in other contemporary civilizations.
o Most cities had similar patterns. There were two parts:
a citadel and the lower town showing the presence of
hierarchy in society.
o Most cities had a Great Bath.
o There were also granaries, 2-storied houses made of burnt
bricks, closed drainage lines, excellent stormwater, and
wastewater management system, weights for measurements,
toys, pots, etc.
o A large number of seals have been discovered.
 Agriculture:
o The first civilization to cultivate cotton.
o Animals were domesticated like sheep, goats, and pigs.
o Crops were wheat, barley, cotton, ragi, dates, and peas.
o Trade was conducted with the Sumerians (Mesopotamia).
 Metal Products :
o These were produced including those with copper, bronze,
tin, and lead. Gold and silver were also known.
o Iron was not known to them.
 Religious Beliefs:
o No structures like temples or palaces have been found.
o The people worshipped male and female deities.
o A seal which was named ‘Pashupati Seal’ has been
excavated and it shows an image of a three-eyed figure.
 Pottery:
o Excellent pieces of red pottery designed in black have been
excavated.
o Faience was used to make beads, bangles, earrings, and
vessels.
 Art Forms:
o A statuette named ‘Dancing Girl’ has been found from
Mohenjodaro and is believed to be 4000 years old.
o A figure of a bearded Priest-King has also been found from
Mohenjodaro.
 Other Facts:
o Lothal was a dockyard.
o Disposal of the dead was by burial in wooden coffins.
o The Indus Valley script has not yet been deciphered.

Download our eBooks.


Visit ACE's eBook store

https://assamcompetitiveexam.myinstamojo.com/

Thank you so much for your Love and Support ❤️Best Wishes ️

You might also like