The Effect Of tardiness to the academic performance of the students.

CHAPTER 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction

Tardiness has already become a habit of some student nowadays; it can lead to more

serious problem affecting their learning as well as in their performances. According to (Lamson

2012) dealing with students who are constantly tardy becomes frustrating for many teachers.

Students who show up late disrupt a teacher’s lecture and slow down class. Teachers should not

handle tardiness lightly and properly discipline students who continuously come to class late.

School must create an effectively tardy policy to decrease the number of students who are

always late, so that the punctuality of the students is maintained. One factor that dictates quality

of performance of a student is his/her punctuality that is getting to school on time. Being always

present and going to school on time, helps the students to learn effectively because as a student

we are expected to perform well with excellence in everything that we do, especially in academic

aspect.

A classroom environment influences academic performance and productivity through

these three things: attendance, study time and concentration. Classroom attendance reveals that

you maintain a good interest in learning and being a part of a particular academic space. The

student that is tardy will be behind on their classwork and to have caught up their own time

which is not used efficiently to result in that student received lower grades. Overall being tardy

will affect the student in a negative way every time.

 Quezon Memorial Institute Of Siquijor is one of the schools in Province Of Siquijor

where a large number of students enrolled and have availed the tertiary Education Subsidy or

TES, paid by the government. This school was known as a second home for the students they

want pursue their education. Therefore all college of Education Students requires being more

responsible in coming to school on time.

The researchers’ aims to prepare and find out what are the reasons of student’s tardiness

and its effect to their academic performance and how the students improve their time

management in terms of resolving these problems.

The purpose of this study is to know the different information, and to determine the risks

factors that cause students lateness and its effect in learning process.

Statement of the Problem

The goal of this phenomenology is to determine the reasons and effect influencing

student tardiness in school for the academic year 2023-2024 at Quezon Memorial Institute of

Siquijor. Specifically this would attempt to find the answers to the following questions: 1.what is

the profile of the students in terms of? A. age B. gender C. track/course 2.what is the factors of

tardiness among students? 3. How does the tardiness affect the student’s academic performance?

Scope and limitations of the study

The respondents of this study were selected for college of Education Students only. This

goal of this study is to ascertain the student’s profile, which includes their age, gender, and track

or course distance between their home and school as well as how long it takes them to get there.

Significance of the study

The results of this study will be beneficial to the following stakeholders:

To the students: Students can utilize the findings of this study to learn how to manage tardiness

in class. The results of the study will help them to improve their academic performance and

enable to create a plan for handling their frequent early arrivals at school.

To the parents: All parents consider it a blessing when their child behaves responsibly. One

strategy to change parents attitudes regarding becoming a good academic role model for their

children is to use the findings of this study. As a result, they will perceive themselves as being

good child to their parents.

To the teachers: Teachers use the findings of this study to teach their students how to arrive on

time more often. They can utilize the findings to determine why students arrived late to class,

which will allow them to motivate their pupils to arrive on time.

To the school administrators: The school administration might utilize this report as guidance

and to cut down tardiness in their institution. Through the implementation of this study plan, the

results of the tardiness may be improved. This study can be used to conduct seminars or

meetings for every instructors and students.

To the future researchers: Researchers in the future can use utilize the findings of this study as

a guide and a point of reference for their own related studies.

 CHAPTER 2

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

Review of Related Literature

Western Cape Education MEC Debbie Schäffer (South African Government, 2015) says

in her speech that the responsibility for being on time at school lies mainly with the learner and

with the parents. She also states that locking a learner out of the school because of lateness may

not happen, under any circumstance. This radically contradicts Kwa-Zulu Natal Education MEC

Senzo Mchunu (news24archives, 2012), who warned the KZN schools; “Principals will get into

trouble with the department if they fail to follow such an instruction of locking the gates once

classes have started.”

What consequences are there for learners who are guilty of late-coming? Tardy learners

may: end up doing after-school or break time detention (reference.com, n.d.; Rustenburg High

School for Girls, 2007, News24Wire, 2016; South African Government, 2015; Shore, n.d) do

make-up work (reference.com, n.d.; News24Wire, 2016; ThoughtCo, n.d.). Some tardy learners

can even miss their tests or exams or cause other learners to fail due to group activities, requiring

the whole group to be present, and in some cases tardy learners are punished by sitting out on

certain extracurricular activities that day (reference.com, n.d.).

Some schools require the teacher to meet the parents of the late learner (South African

Government, 2015; Olifant, K, 2012), or fill out late forms (South African Government, 2015;

Shore, n.d.; Rustenburg High School or Girls, 2007) or sometimes pick up litter (News24Wire,

2016; Ball, 2006:37).

 Norma (n.d.) speaks about an opinion piece written by Leslie Ford, stating that job

interviewers do not wait for the interviewee if they are late for their interview. Being on time

teaches and prepares learners for the real world, especially the business world; where time is

money... so don’t waste time! If there is a pattern of tardiness the instructor must try to find the

cause or root of the problem and even consult the parents and previous teachers (Shore, n.d.).

Anxiety may appear any time think of anxiety as a feeling of uneasiness, comprehension

or fear that has a vague or unknown source. Anxiety affect students’ performance anxiety at

relatively low to moderate levels can be destructive and non-adaptive within the classroom

setting there are numerous sources of anxiety for students teachers examinations peer relations

achievements settings like or dislike of subjects however there are certain situations in which the

students feel particularly anxious last not in other situations this describe the condition called

situational anxiety there are other individuals however who are almost always in a state of

anxiety called neurotic or trait anxiety (educational psychology pg.21)

Pseudo-Feebleminded is more of an emotional disorder rather than of mental retardation

the term ‘’pseudo-feebleminded has been used because individuals in this category react with

stupid behaviour manifest lack of interest in work or in ambition and reacts with extreme

withdrawal from fear failure or criticism.

Dreaming state is the part of the sleep continuum called the’ ’paradoxical sleep’’ between

waking and sleeping, so called because the subject is near to being awake (by EEG criterion i.e.,

use of the encephalogram-a low voltage and relatively fast pattern of changes) and hard to arouse

by another increase arousal threshold it is at this stage when R.E.M (Rapid Eye Movement)

occur and when REM is occurring it is difficult to arouse a sleeping subject

Review of Related Studies

According to the South African Educational Policy on Learner Attendance (Department:

Education, Republic of South Africa, 2010:9) if a learner is enrolled at a school, that learner is

now obligated to attend school punctually and regularly. Most schools have a code of conduct

which must be signed by parents and/or learners where they commit to comply by the school

rules, which include punctuality (Department: Education, Republic of South Africa, 2008:4). It is

only when there is a valid reason for late coming or absence that a learner will be excused (South

African Government, 2015) In South African schools, tardiness has become a critical discussion

point. An article by equaleducation.org.za (2012) includes the following statistic done by

University of Cape Town economist Martin Wittenberg: 20% of learning and teaching time is

lost in South African schools due to tardiness.

This practise of locking-out late-comers has been a long standing procedure done by

many schools (Ball, A.F., 2006: 37; Pillay, K., 2012; Govender, P., 2011; Dube, M., 2016;

Moselakgomo, A., 2007; Mthiane, W., 2015; South African Government, 2010; Eyewitness

News, 2012). Willow Crescent Secondary School in Eldorado Park opted for the tactic of taking

one of the tardy learner’s shoes. His/her parent then has to come to school to fetch it and then

also explain why their child was late. This method halved the number of latecomers by

estimation (Patel, F., 2013). Some schools opted to send the late-comers back home, but that

practice is seen as wasting time and money. This is also the time when habits of idleness,

alcoholism, drug abuse, pre-marital sex (Agaba, A., Bamwita, T. 2014), rape and violence

(news24archives, 2012), have the opportunity to form, not mentioning the bad grades resulting

from being locked out of school or out of class.

 When teachers themselves are late, it influences the learners to follow the example set

(reference.com, n.d.; Equal Education, 2012). Some may dwadle on purpose so that they may be

locked out and sent home which gives them the opportunity to indulge in their own personal and

non-academic affairs (Agaba, A., Bamwita, T. 2014).

The Carnegie Mellon University (Teaching Excellence & Educational Innovation, 2008)

states on their website that understanding the reasons to tardiness doesn’t necessarily meant

tolerating it, but comprehending the root of the reason to the late-coming can lead to a suitable

response and needed action. All reasons to tardiness can boil own to these following root

reasons in essence: Learners are not taking responsibility for their own learning. The

expectations of the learner and the teacher differ. Not recognizing the effect of their tardiness on

the other learners. The perception that the beginning of the school/class isn’t important. They do

not fear the consequences of their tardiness. They’re challenging the authority of the teacher.

Their psychological or emotional problems are the root of their tardiness. There’s a physical or

logistical reason to their tardiness. If the individual learner’s root reason or reasons can be

identified there might be a simple solution to the problem or an effective manner to deal with it.

In 2012 Equal Education launched a successful and well-advertised campaign against

tardiness, using peer-to-peer education. The good results over time were building a culture of

teaching and learning instead of fear. This effort however must be consistent and continual or

else learners just slack back into their old late-coming habits.

When students are tardy or absent, or when they drop out of school, sequential learning

cannot occur, subject matter and skills cannot be developed, and much student talent is wasted .at

–risk students identify in the school setting include goes exhibiting signs of alcohol consumption,
drug abuse, or anti-social behaviour .this student need assistant to overcome their problems and

to achieve in school. When counselling in the school setting is not sufficient, this students need

to be referred to appropriate services in the community. For some high school students the

immediate earnings from employment seems more significant than staying in school. This

student need courses in vocational education and assistance to help them developed positive

attitudes toward education, perceive alternative to dropping out, and realize the worth of long

term goals. Family situations, such as cultural differences between values taught, at home and

school, separation, divorce, or out. School personal need to be determine causes of tardiness,

absenteeism and dropping out and to provide necessary remediation ( Ediger ,Marlow 1987)

In evaluating the deleterious effects of missing in school time, research has almost

exclusively focused on absences, and almost no attention has been paid to tardiness. Hence, this

study contributes a new dimension to the field by examining the effect of student tardiness on

academic achievement. Employing an empirical model on a large-scale, longitudinal, multilevel

data set of urban elementary school children over 6 years of observation there are 2 significant

findings. First, students with greater tardiness perform worse on both standardized reading and

math test. Second, holding constant an individual’s own record of tardiness, students whose

classmates are tardy more frequently also have lower test score. Hence, the achievement gap

widens even further for students who also have greater individual level of tardiness. Policy

implications are discussed. (Michael Gottfried 2012)

Personality as a ‘’pattern of habits, attitudes and traits that determine an individual’s

characteristics, behaviour and traits he further describes personality as ‘’the dynamic

organization within the individual of those psychological systems that determine his

characteristics behaviour and thoughts’’ (Gordon Allport 1990)

 Personality as the end result of the typical ways in which and person reacts, the product

of his motivation, emotions feeling tones, style of thinking and attitudes,’’ personality is partly in

born and nervous system are largely responsible for the inborn aspects the associate either

through imitation or through hostile reactions when we are thwarted Habits are reaction so often

repeated as to become fixed characteristics or tendencies good habits results from choice and are

required through effort (the encyclopaedia international,1967)

Theoretical Framework

Schools across the country are implementing a variety of strategies to ensure that students

arrive to school on time. While many of these initiatives are showing promising results, there are

still alarming indications that tardiness to school is continuing to rise. According to the most

recent information available from the US Department of Education, tardiness is a moderate to

significant issue, with rates reaching 32.4% by the year 2000, an increase of 7.5% over a six-year

period. Most alarming was the rise in tardiness, which was cited as a significant issue by 27.1%

of the principals in those institutions. Growing by 8.6% during the same time frame although

school administrators have long been concerned about tardiness, they haven't taken serious

action to address the issue. Due to the no child left behind statute, which resulted in federal

surveillance of school attendance and late arrivals to school, the situation has changed. If

children don't achieve specified standards on state exams, schools could be subject to a number

of harsh penalties under the legislation. Students who arrive late to class miss essential lessons

since, for the most part, teachers start their days with fundamental courses like math. Since

attendance is taken at the start of the school day, late arrivals may be counted as absentees,

depriving the district of funding. Attendance is a major factor that states consider when figuring

how much funding the school districts receive. Many school-age children have televisions in
their bedrooms, and many of them probably watch late movies or late-night talk shows when

they should be sleeping. If they have alarm clocks, many of them simply keep sleeping even after

they go off. Principals use a variety of strategies to reduce tardiness, such as offering rewards to

students who consistently arrive on time and after-school movies to those who never miss class

(Murray, Light 2000).

Hypothesis of the Study

There is a significant difference: between the Reasons of Students Tardiness and its effect on

the Academic Performance among Education major students.

There is no significant difference: between the Reasons of Students Tardiness and its effect on

the Academic Performance among Education major students.

Assumptions of the Study

The researchers' goals are to prepare, identify the causes of students' tardiness and how it affects

their academic performance, as well as how students may improve their time management to

address these issues. The researcher believes that by compiling all potential responses from the

respondents, it will be easier to identify the causes of students' tardiness. Being late or tardy

helps the other individuals become better versions of themselves.

Definitions of Terms

1. Tardiness – moving slowly; sluggish ,beyond the expected or proper time

2. Academic- a member of an institution of learning, a person who is academic in

background, outlook or methods

3. Absenteeism –a tendency to be away from work or school without a good reason; the

practice or habit of being absent from work or school

4. References-the act of mentioning something in speech in writing, the act of referring

to something or someone

5. Attendance –the persons or number of persons attending

6. Attitudes- the way you think and feel about someone or something

7. Habits-the usual way of behaving, something that a person does often in a regular and

repeated way

8. Behaviour-the way a person or animal acts or behaves

9. Traits- a quality that makes one person or thing different from another

10. Personality-the set of emotional qualities, ways of behaving etc., that makes a person

different from other people

 11. Anxiety-fear or nervousness about what might happen

12. Anxious –afraid or nervous especially about what may happen; feeling anxiety

CHAPTER 3

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter describes and discusses how the research will gather the necessary data and

information that will be using in the entire study. It will describe who will be the respondents and

focus of the research. This also shows the procedure of data collection and instruments used: this

chapter also discusses the type of research design, method, and the research locate where the

study will be conducted.

Research Design

The correlation method will be used in this study to determine the strength of the

association between the variables using statistical information. The researcher is curious about

the connection between tardiness and academic success. In order to collect the necessary data,

the researcher will create questionnaires and send them to the relevant respondents.

Respondents of the Study

The study's respondents are the education students of Quezon Memorial Institute of

Siquijor. Every element of the quantitative research uses a questionnaire that must be completed.

There are 50 responders in total from the Education Department.

Instruments of the Study

 In order to draw a conclusion from their investigation, the researchers created a

questionnaire that is tailored to their study. An education student who responds to the survey is

chosen at random. The questionnaire will reveal the reasons behind student tardiness and how it

affects the academic achievement of Quezon Memorial Institute of Siquijor’s education students.

Additionally, the researchers gathered data by using related titles from related studies and related

literature.

Validity and Reliability

The consistency of a measure and whether the results can be replicated under the same

circumstances are considered the study's reliability. The precision of a measurement, or if the

results actually reflect what they are trying to measure, is referred to as the study's validity. The

survey responses from the respondents will be the source of the study's validity and reliability.

Statistical Treatment

The frequency and percentage will be used by the researchers to display the distribution

and proportion of the respondents' demographic profiles as they analyze the data collected. The

respondent's level of awareness of tardiness will be determined by the weighted mean. The

distribution of the respondents' ages and academic standing will be determined using the

arithmetic mean and standard deviation. If there is a substantial correlation between a

respondent's level of tardiness and academic performance, it will be found using the respondent's

moment correlation method.