REQUIREMENTS Fresh or preserved sinworm, Honeybee, Snail. § ‘I loneybeo, Snail, Srasactuens of Am ;EORY fish, Shark, ae Hyd Roh, Pro eer Live ru 8, Lizard, Pipe Ate he 2 ri8, Lee} Leech, ayeens reba Amo 1 Classification Kingdom Protista Protozoa Barcoding, Genus Amoeba | species Proteu @ Unicellular, microscopic, irrogy (@ Protoplasm different, (outer) and endoplasm (jn, (ii Endoplasm contains food y, iv) Body shape changes du help in locomotion a lar shape d into er), body ectoplasm i Fla. Amooba protous Ss contractile vag to fin Sd foeed eee outgrow turing ng a8 Amoeba fe (vi) Asexual reproduction by fission ) Occurrence: Found icleus, ths calle led Pseudopodia (peeudon {v) Holozoic nutrition eds on diatoms, false; podia=foot) which 2 ‘Ponds, lakes, streams, ditches it ', streams, ditche — tl th plex ; lenty of organic matter, Classification : Kingdom — | Phylum — Tentacle Class Hydrozoa Genus Hydra nate Species - vulgaris Hrpotome | (@ Soft body consists of elongated tube wit | single opening at oral end ealled mouth, sed base but (i) Hypostome i. region around mouth; eontai e finger-like hollow projections called tentacles © © 1° ese | (i) Tentacles help in locomotion and capturing food, ova | (iv) Body wall — diploblastie i.e., made of two layers — ate epidermis (outer) and gastrode Bal rmis (inner) linin, non-cellular layer of mesoglea. (v) Reproduction by budding (vi) Occurrence: Fresh water lakes, ponds, streams, may be found attached to substratum or vegetation or found moving by somersaulting and floating. j Se Mouth 4, Fasciola hepatica (Liverfluke) ile Common genta ore Animalia Vent scr (abu) Platyhelminthes | Trematoda | Genus: - Fasciola Species — hepatica (i) Triangular, flat, leaf-like parasite, 2.5 em length. (ii) Anterior mouth surrounded by oral or anterior sucker. | Exe pore | (iii) Another sucker called acetabulum present on. ventral surface L wa Fascolahepatca of body. Sucker helps to attach to the host. Experiments 89ules. (i) Body covered by cuticle with sp (2) Ventral body surface contains a single genital opening called gonopore near secsttllad (vi) Oceurrence: Bndoparasite, found in bile duet of vertebrates like cow, sheep, goat, man and causes Gaga, called liver rot, | 4. Ascaris lumbricoides (Roundworm) | Youn Classification '0rY pore. ae Esty pe fl — Fa Phylum — Nemathelminthes | sr ial Class — ——Phasmidia \ ine (Ascaroidea) | Wer Lateral ine Genus Ascaris Species — lumbricoides | (® Cylindrical body, tapering at both ends. ef cloacal anertire “i (i) Dorsal, ventral and two lateral lines extond lengthwise. | (ZF Esnaaye a ral Female (iii) Mouth—terminal, triradiate, ie. has three lips. Fig. Ascaris lumbricoldes (iv) Exeretory pore present little behind the anterior end. (v) Animal shows sexual dimorphism, with separate male and female individuals, (vi) Males with curved tail end and two needle-like penial or copulatory setae. (vii) Females longer than males and have separate genital opening and anus. (iti) Ocourrence: Intestinal parasite of man, particularly of small children and even pigs, cattle and monkey, Infection occurs through contaminated food and water. 5. Hirudinaria granulosa (Cattle Leech) [ eee Anterior sucker Classification Mouth Kingdom - Animalia Phylum - Annelida — Male genta pore Class - Hirudinea | Female genital pore Genus = Hirudinaria Species = granulosa ‘Segmental receptor @ Dorsiventrally flattened body about 30 em long. (Gi) Olive green to brown or black in colour. (ii) Body contains small anterior and a large posterior sucker for locomotion and attaching to host surface. (év) Mouth present on ventral side enclosed by anterior sucker and anus on dorsal side, (©) Body divided into 33 segments and each segment is superficially subdivided into 3 to 5 annul or rings, (vi) 5 pairs of eyes on dorsal surface. (vii) Hermaphrodite, (vit) Occurrence: Fresh water ponds, tanks, streams, rivers, rice fields, it's also an ectoparasite on cattle and other mammals and sucks blood from host, with? Biology Lab Manual—11Pheretima posthuma (Rav 6. Ph p (Earthworm) Classification [ Kingdom Animalia — re = Paristomium Phylum Annelida : Female gontl aperture (14) Class Oligochacta Citaum (14-16 sogmon) : Malo gona aperture Genus Pheretima esr ee | a Genial or copulato Spe Posthuma Papi (17 and 19), (@ Elongated, bilaterally symmer segmented body, 10-15 em inh width, (i) Slimy to touch and pinkish brow (ii) Dorsal side recognised by represents dorsal blood vessel and ventral surface recognised Wee fe ee and papillae, Dorsal oa ane ap surface is darker than ventral fe tina posthuma (Earthworm) (iv) Body divided into 100-120 segments eal (v) First segment is called peristomi Poin toa Gee vum as it encloses mouth. A fleshy lobe called prostomium projects over trical, cylindrical, ngth and 3-5 mm in m in colour, dark median line that led metameres. (vi) Glandular band called cliteth i i pessebiis ts lay ecoat ‘um (= cingulum) present in ‘14th, 15th and 16th segments and it forms (vii) Single female genital pore present in 14th segment to release ova (viii) Two male genital pores present in 18th segment on ventral surface to release spe ix) V7th and 19th segments contain genital or copulatory papillae rae (x) Except first, last and clitellar so; lar segments, each segment has a ring of tiny eurved, chiti setae embedded in the skin that help in locomotion and sexual eee oie eae (xi) Many minute openings called nephridiopor: fexments to expel nitropeneey eeenridiopores are seattered all over the body surface except frst-two (ai) Last segment contains anus to excrete undigested waste, (iii) Hermaphrodite. Giv) Occurrence: Burrows in moist soils with lots of organic matter. Comes out of burrows during rainy season, 7. Palaemon serratus (Prawn) Classification Kingdom = Animalia Phylum — Arthropoda Class — Crustacea enue! = Palaemon recies — serratus @ Elongated, bilaterally symmetrical body divided into head, thorax and abdomen. (ii) Head and thorax are fused to form cephalothorax. (iii) Cephalothorax dorsally covered by hard earapace and anteriorly produced into saw-like rostrum. (iv) Cephalothorax bears 8 pairs of segmented legs, out of which 5 pairs are of walking legs. (v) Abdomen consists of 6 segments with 1 pair of pleopods each, which help in swimming. (vi) Byes are stalked and present in orbital notch. (vii) There is conical telson at the end of abdomen. Experiments 91SS Yy Fresh water ponds, lakes and Fa Compound oye ‘mp ma — Yropod _— Pleopods (VY) king fogs (1-5) Fig. Palaomon (Prawn) “ 8, Bombyx mori (Silkworm) | Classification | Kingdom - Animalia Phylum - Arthropoda Class - ~—_—‘Insecta Genus - Bombyx Species - mori a (@) Body divided into head, thorax and abdomen. (ié) Head bears a pair of com- pound eyes and a pair of | short antennae. (ii) Thorax bears 2 pairs of wings Coon stones git ae and 3 pairs of legs. fa les Eggs Chrysalis (iv) Abdomen short. (v) Body and wings covered by minute scales. * ‘Abdominal pseud (vi) Silkworms are unisexual. Thorac true legs ial pseudo logs Female lays 300-500 eggs on Mature catorpiliar Fig, Life cycle of sik moth mulberry leaves (vii) Produces silk threads in form of sticky fluid, (viit) Occurrence: Mulberry plant. Rearing of silk moth for obtaining raw silk is called sericulture. 92 “Pagether with Biology Lab Manual—11is indica (Honeybee) 9 An é Classification kingdom Animalia pivision Arthropoda Class Ins Genus Apis species - indica Antenna cet ‘Compound oye Fore wing Hind wing Spiracies Pollen basket Middle 1og Mouth pars Pollen comb Hind eg Fore leg Fig. Apis indica (Honeybee) ( Body divided into head, thorax and abdomen. (ji) Head triangular, bears pair of antennae and a (ii) Thorax divided into prothorax, wings. (iv) Abdomen bears 6 segments, wax glands and the sting, (0) Lives in colonies called beehives which consist of ‘ workers (sterile females) showing division eelabies Stes oe wee (vi) Produces honey and beewax. (vii) Occurrence: All over the world, wanders over flowers to collect nectar. pair of compound eyes. mesothorax and metathorax and bears 3 pairs of legs and 2 pairs of (fertile males) and 10. Pila globosa (Apple snail) Classification Kingdom - Animalia Division - Mollusca Class - Gastropoda Genus a Species = globosa (@ Soft, slimy, unsegmented body covered by a coiled calcareous shell. Each spiral revolution of shell is called whorl. (ii) Surface of shell shows lines of growth, which may Fig. Pla globose (Apple sal) appear as ridges called varices. (iii) Opening of shell closed by thick plate called operculum. (iv) Soft body inside the shell is differentiated into head, foot, visceral mass. Experiments 93) Hoad bears two pairs of tentacles and ono pair of eyes (vii) Soxes separate, “ ) Ocourrence: Frosh water ponds, lakes, streams, et 11, Asterias (Starfish) Classification Kingdom Animalia Division odormata Class Asteroidea Gonus Asterias Species rubens ia — Marginal spinas Madroporite Contra aise Anus _»sirum Oral surface Aboral surface l Fig. Asterias (Sea star or Starfish) (@ Star-shaped, pentamerous (five radiating arms) with central dise, (@ Body distinguished into oral surface (directed downward) and aboral surface (directed upward) (iti) Whole body covered by ossicles. (@) Ventral surface contains ambulacral groove extending from mouth to mid line of each arm. Bach ambulacral groove contains on either side, two rows of tubular projections called tube feet for locomotion, (©) Mouth present on oral surface and anus on aboral surface. () Jn between two arms, near the anus, there is a perforated circular plate called madreporite connected to water vascular system of body. (tii) Occurrence: Marine, rocky sea floor. 12. Scoliodon (Dogfish/Shark) — Cartilaginous fish Classification Kingdom - Animalia Phylum - Chordata , Sub-phylum ee eevereree é Class = Chondrichthyes : Genus = Scoliodon : Species - laticaudus © Spindle shaped, laterally compressed body with a long pointed snout. Body divided into head, trunk and tail 94 Tagether with” Biology Lab Manual—11 eee{ip Ventral surface bears mouth and nasal aperture Gi) One pair of eyes and five pairs of gil slits on late jo) Fins are of two types Mouth has sharp pointed teeth to catch the prey. ral side, (a) Median unpaired fi : aired fins (b) Lateral paired fins, a) Median unpaired fins i (a) Me ee red fins include — two dorsal fins and one ventral fin. (b) Lateral paired fins include — anterior pectoral fins and poster {p) Tail consists of heterocer rior pelvic fins. ee vrent kinds of lobes) caudal fin, (wi) Placoid scales present all over body embedded in the skin. (oii) Occurrence: Coastal water of India, like real (Le., it has two diffe Bay of Bengal. It is a marine cartilaginous fish. Trunk 1st dorsal fin Caudal in Laerlting | Head Ventral in | Eye | Srout | Nasal aperture Mouth Gil ets (5) | Fig. Scoliodon (Dogfish) | Pectoral fin , Labeo rohita (Bony fish) Classification -— | Kingdom - Animalia eee Phylum — Chordata es Sub-phylum - Vertebrata Eva | Class — __Osteichthyes oe Genus - — Labeo ae Species - rohita Seats ( Laterally compressed, streamlined body ‘aan covered with overlapping cycloid scales. Fig. Labeo rohita (Bony fish) (ii) Mouth— sub terminal, bounded by thick and fringed lips. i) It bears a pair of nostrils and median eyes. (iv) Five pairs of gill slits are covered by operculum. () Three median (dorsal, ventral and caudal) fins and paired (pectoral and pelvic) fins for swimming. (vi) Tail fin or caudal fin is homocereal (i-., it has two equal-sized lobes). (vii) Skeleton made of bones. ji) Lateral line sense organs are present. (i) Occurrence: Fresh water fish found in clear and sluggish rivers and streams. (4) It is used as food fish. Experiments 9514. Rana tigrina (Frog) Classification Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Sub-phylum = Vertebrata Class, Amphibia Genus Rana Species tigrina ded into head and trunk, Neck and tail are absent. Body is 17 em long (® Bilaterally symmetrical body-« and 8 em broad. (ii) Dorsal skin is olive green with dark spo is creamish with white spots. Nostrils — two, on either side of head; eyes while lower eyelids are rudimentary. Eyes are protecte which constitutes third eyelid. Gv) Circular tympanic membrane or eardrum is present behind each eye. ‘Trunk bears two pairs of limbs — forelimbs and hindlimbs. Forelimbs are smaller than hindlimbs Hindlimbs are webbed for swimming and leaping. (vi) Cloacal aperture lies towards posterior side of body. (oii) It shows sexual dimorphism during breeding season. Male frog is bigger in size. and possesses vocal sacs for Kound production and develops nuptial pads on first finger of each forelimb. Body of male frog is slender so devker than female frog. Fomale frog is smaller in size and does not have vocal sacs or nuptial pads ‘een in ponds, lakes, rivers during rainy season. ts and medium streak represents dorsal line. Ventral side of skin — large and bulging with thick pigmented upper eyeliag (ui) .d by thin membrane called nictitating membrang @) (viti) Mid dorsal line Forelimb Abdomen Web Hindiimb Cloacal aperture Fig. Rana tigrna (Indian bul fog) 15. Hemidactylus (Wall lizard) Classification Kingdom a Animalia Phylum = Chordata Sub-phylum - Vertebrata Class — _ Chondrichthyes Genus - Hemidactylus Species — — frenatus 96 Together with” Biology Lab Manual—11( About 10-15 em tong bod, body divi (ii) Head bears a pair of eyes win Gi) Neck short (jv) Skin dry, cove: into hea Ye® with movable ena oe trunk and tait e / NoRris and ear ope Nh red by minute sealo oe (vi) Tail exhibits phenomenon of amesy ee and vacuum enemy). So it breaks off its tail tony, (ii) Occurrence: Pads to help the lizard move on wall » voluntary casti reousting off @ part of body when attacked b on regenerates its tail ae enema cc ES | ‘Vacuum pads in the fimb ‘ eta anand eg | 16. Columba livia (Pigeon) | Classification Kingdom - Animalia Phylum - Chordata. ‘Sub-phylum - Vertebrata Class =) Ate Genus = Columba Species = livia (i) Streamlined body divided into head, neck, truck and tail. (ii) It bears grey coloured feathers. (ii) Head contains eyes and nostrils; short and stout beak but without teeth. (iv) Forelimbs modified into wings for flying. (0) Hindlimbs or feet are short and each hindlimb bears four clawed digits, out of which three are directed forward and one is directed backwards for perching. (vi) Occurrence: Commonly seen in grain markets, warehouses, nests around human dwellings. (vii) Produces peculiar sound — “Gutur-Goo”.) railway stations and old buildings. Makes Experiments 97—_—_————— n——————— opening Wings: Black bars ‘Wings feathers 17. Oryctolagus cuniculus (Rabbit) “ail feathers _Hind.oe" Fig. Columba livia (Pigeon) Classification Kingdom - Animalia Phylum — Chordata Sub-phylum - Vertebrata Class - Mammalia Genus = Oryctolagus Species - —_euniculus (@® Body divided into head, neck and trunk with small bushy tail. (i) Body covered by soft white hairs called fur. (iii) Head bears a pair of pink eyes, a pair of long and moveable pinnae, a pair of nostrils and a mouth, (iv) Sensitive hairs or vibrissae present on upper lip. Vemma | Throat Nostril oak (v) Forelimbs short, used for burrowing. Hindlimbs long, used for running. (vi) Sexes separate with sexual dimorphism. Females have mammary glands with nipples on abdomen. Males have a pair of testis in scrotal sacs and small penis. (vii) Rabbit has sharp incisors for gnawing. (viii) Occurrence: Found in burrows in field. Fa. Orctolagus cuniculus (Rabbit) Earpinna Head Neck Bye ost Vibrissae Trunk Tall Thigh Hind leg Fore tog (oot) Ciawed digits 98 Tagether with” Biology Lab Manual—11