PLE CTORAL Paxiries « Elections in a Democracy > Teople cannot govern themgetver lively im any democratic setup. > Ts, election om tuld im a democracy in which people tect the own representatives . » Elections are needed because of the {following seasons : a Lame mation maku it impossible jor citizen to attend meetings and make decisions that how -the government functions . ~ Not evewone os the education necerouy {0 make wmportal decisions. ~ Theujore, elections oe held va dernooutic coumtuies whon ditizens Chooge their, own representatives to pass motional laws. b. Age and experience cannot be taken wile Comideration when choosing Yepresentatives . — These vepresontatives ynlgnt wot comy out the will of the people. = People con only Sole trex own representatives through elections. » Elections are thus vecssony WM leKy — demoorauy., - Voters select trex candidates who will vepresuit in qoverwnent duving elections.- Additionally, they select o povticwlor poy that may rwe he mation in accordance , with its privuiples . ~ Therefore, the people and the party that makeup the —qpvonment xe decided by voters. x Fair and Free Elections + Elections may not always be fair. + For instance, elections ave hold im Chiqa, on a regulon basis, but only the communist party members ave permitted to yun. + This election are wot cemocratic . + Some features ave : * Every citizen above a certain age should Wave the vight to vote, and every vote should have one value. x There should be move than ove party, and parties and people shouted be free to contesl elections. ¥ Elections should be conducted of suoular, tervals. x A candidate preferred by the people should be selected. « Moe importantly, elections shoutd be veld im a free and fair manner Gnd people Showd hove tre vignt to choose their own Condidales . > Poliical competence hos Some Limitations, but it is always prefoued in a dlemovvacy . + Political Compeleny, According to Sonne promotes disunity, petty poxty —politis, and the use of undornanded tactics, by he powtica {to onsie the victory of thet Comolidates .+ However, despite flaw, oux Constitution chore jue electoval polis. - In the world, political competition i asntial. - Potitical Leaders’ education and mol oharacter should be improved tm prdex to rernove {re filthy techniqus tray we. - Additionally, if Cader breaks his commitmunt, the clectownte ray vee him im the Subsequent uution . - Thus, & political powty wilt Sti be sequined to sowe the public ever if primary notivation & to gain power. + What is the sysiom of Sloctions im Tndia 2 + Creweral Election. : > Elections are held im al constituencies at tte Sone time, either on the game day or within a fw days. ‘ By- election : > Sormatinnes dlections is held only for one constitueney or two to fu the vacanoy Cowsed by death or reiqnation | & member . + Electora? Constituencies : >The country ws divided into diferent areas based on population jo the purpose of elediont which are Called electoral constituencies. > For Lok Sabha olections, the country is divided into 543 constituencies. > Swnitay, each state is divided into a spaufic. umber of Assembly Comstituencies ,« | Electoral System in Tndia. >In Thdia, the Aok Solna elections jor the State Assernbly Cvidnan Sabha) take place at the state leet, whowas the Lok Sabha. elections take place at the jederal tel. > Apter every fue yeous, elections ave betd jor Lok Sabha and Vidhan Sabha elected veumbexs. > Crommnal elections ove those letd to elect membexs of the ok Sabha and the Assembly every five years. > By-elections are held for a Single constituency alove to replace the Seot Left vacant by the Membex's passing or resignation. > Foy the purpose of voting, Lidia is split into o number of sufion known as electorak Coustituencias « >» Residents ove constituency choose ene Local representative. > For example, im the Lok Sabha clections, the country i divided unto 543 constituencies « — One peuion is elected juom each constituency. ~ He [Gre is caved a Morbo of KXigislatve Aesembly (MLA). > Similax 40 this, @ Certain number of Seats ave established for the State Assembly elections « - A rnemben of the Lepiclative Assembly & a person who har been Clected by ther contituents . >The same & the care with the municipal of panchayat election . - Each village ov town is divided into a number of words which are like constituencies .> In Tndia, some constitumcies ome reserved jor people belonging to ST, SC, and other economic orkwand castes. - This har ben dow go that even tre rnost marginal sections of Society get a faie chance of vepresentation tw the Lok Sabha Asgembly, Municipal Corporation and Panchayat . -In municipal corporations and gram panchayats, one-thivd of the Seats ane vesexved jor women. + Votew's ist : > Tin a democracy, the sist of persons who can vote i prepared well before the elections « — Officiatty, this lst is cated an Electoval Roll and is cormronly known as the Voter's List. > Tn India, eueny adutt above the age % 18 yoo u eligible to vote ivvespective Caste, religion and genden. The votew's fist ts suuued aftr every 5S years. - Of late, an Election Photo Laentity Card has been intvoduced, although it is not compuldory to show this Cond. A lady showing her voters identity card while voting at the booth.* Nomination of a Candidate : > A person above 25 years can contest the olections. - Poiitical partis select theix candidate jor contesting elections and given them a ‘ticket’ to contest the elections. » A pouon contesting the elections hos to fill a nomination yorm and deposit an amount as a security deposit. » While contesting elections, every Candidate has to give complete details of educational qualifications, sevious criminal Cases pending against them and total property value of Wis [vex family. + €leutin Compr aw Voting: > FotiicaL povties od allies during election campaign to daw attention to a vaviely of global and regional issues. ~ They promise voters they will fin problems with how the goverment oporcttes » ~The election campaign also features a fot of slogans. -In the 4941 Lok Sabha elections, the Congress partly used the “Gaxibt Hotao', and in the West Bengal Assembly elections, the Loft wed the slogan, “Land to the Tiller’ » During the elections, no party or candidate can bribe or 4hveaten the volww, use goverment resources for Campaigning and Spend nore than 26 lokhs individually jor the Lok Sabha elections and % 40 lakhs (&* Assembly elections .» Electronic voting machines (EVMs) ove used oluning elections im the mojority of polling places . - A voter west push a button vent to the candidate's name or Symbol tn order to cast their ballot. » Attu the election, all EVM ave tvansporled to a seune focation. - On the day the counting proces begins, they au opened . - To enw a {oir tally of the votes, Yepresculatives from all political povdies cn present « * The povlicipation of the people im elections is usually measured by the ques of volex tunnoul . - In Indio, the twmoul hos efther. vemalned stable ov hat gone up » In India, poor, (iterate and undexpsivileged people vole in lovge vumbeu 03 compared to the vich amd the privileged sections. - Common people im India, crttach a tot of importance to elections. Electronic Voting Machine+ Role of the Election Commission : + In Tnilia, clections axe held by an extremely poweyul lection Commission (EC) « - Similan to the judiviay, it & an independent body. » The Chit Election Commission (c6C) is appointed by the Thusident of Lndia. - CEC & wot anworable to the Prusident o to the Covemment 4 Tndia . a Tt takes decisions on weny matter slated to the elections. ~ Tt annownes he date of the clections and he declaxation of the susutts. b. Tt implements the Code of Conduct ound takes action against Candidates wno violate it . Lt gives quidetinn to tre Grovemment which hove to be followed duxing tne elections . d When on election duty, government officials work under under the Supewision o the EC and not the (ovement. . Eveuy political party has to obey the instructions ond quidetines of the EC. » Erry political party in India seeped the election susults. ~ Electionals axe Weld im the nation in a fee amd fain mann. — This & demonstrated by the fou that numerous Stole Governments ound tre Covdval Covounnent im power comsistenlly lose olectious «- Election Coeses ane cso common among candidates with cdninal histories and those who ‘buy’ votes .