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Importance of Oral Hygiene in Oro-Dental Diseases: A Review Study

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 International Journal of Research and Review
www.ijrrjournal.com E -ISSN: 2349-9788; P-ISSN: 2454-2237

Review Article

Importance of Oral Hygiene in Oro-Dental Diseases:

A Review Study
Varsha S. Dhage1, Pratibha Chougule2
1
M.S Shalakyatantra (Ass. Professor), SNKDT’ S Nallasopara Ayurvedic Medical College, Nallasopara
2
M.S Shalakyatantra (Asso. Professor), J.J. Magdum Ayurvedic Medical College, Jaysingpur
Corresponding Author: Varsha S. Dhage

ABSTRACT

Oral hygiene is the practice of keeping one's mouth clean and free of disease and other
problems (e.g. bad breath) by regular brushing (dental hygiene) and cleaning between the
teeth. Oral hygiene to be carried out on a regular basis to enable prevention of dental disease
and bad breath. The most common types of dental disease are tooth decay (cavities, dental
caries) and gum diseases, including gingivitis, and periodontitis.
General guidelines suggest brushing twice a day but ideally the mouth would be cleaned after
every meal. Cleaning between the teeth is called interdental cleaning and is as important as
tooth brushing. This is because a toothbrush cannot reach between the teeth and therefore
only removes about 50% of plaque off the surface. There are many tools to clean between the
teeth, including floss, flossettes, and interdental brushes; it is up to each individual to choose
which tool he or she prefers to use.
Sometimes white or straight teeth are associated with oral hygiene, but a hygienic mouth may
have stained teeth and/or crooked teeth. For appearance reasons, people may seek out teeth
whitening and orthodontics. In Ayurveda, Dantadhavan Vidhi is explained as routine work in
Dincharya and suggested various types of techniques like Dantadhavan, gandusha, kawal etc
to maintain oral hygiene.
Keywords: oral hygiene, tooth brushing, tooth decay, dantdhawan.

INTRODUCTION your gums clean can prevent gum

ORAL HEALTH disease, while keeping your tooth
 WHO defines oral health as “a state of surfaces clean can help you stave off
being free from chronic mouth and cavities and gum disease.
facial pain, oral and throat cancer, oral  Oral diseases are the most common non-
infection and sores, periodontal (gum) communicable diseases (NCDs) and
disease, tooth decay, tooth loss, and affect people throughout their lifetime,
other diseases and disorders that limit an causing pain, discomfort, disfigurement
individual’s capacity in biting, chewing, and even death.
smiling, speaking, and psychosocial  The Global Burden of Disease Study
wellbeing.” 2016 estimated that oral diseases
 (https://www.who.int/news-room/fact- affected half of the world’s population
sheets/detail/oral-health) (3.58 billion people) with dental caries
 Oral health begins with clean teeth. (tooth decay) in permanent teeth being
Keeping the area where your teeth meet the most prevalent condition assessed.

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 Varsha S. Dhage et.al. Importance of Oral Hygiene in Oro-Dental Diseases: A Review Study

 Globally, it is estimated that 2.4 billion OBJECTIVES:

people suffer from caries of permanent  To compare the methods of tooth
teeth and 486 million children suffer cleaning as per Ayurveda and modern
from caries of primary teeth. aspect.
 Severe periodontal (gum) disease, which  To spread the awareness in society about
may result in tooth loss, was estimated the importance of oral hygiene, to
to be the 11th most prevalent disease prevent oro-dental and other systemic
globally. diseases.

Reference: (https://www.who.int/news- REVIEW OF LITERATURE:

room/fact-sheets/detail/oral-health) Causes of dental and oral diseases
According to the World Health Organization There are many factors that contribute to
Trusted Source: gingivitis and periodontitis, including:
 Between 60 and 90 percent of school  Smoking
children have at least one dental cavity.  poor brushing habits
 Nearly 100 percent of adults have at  frequent snacking on sugary foods
least one dental cavity. and drinks
 Between 15 and 20 percent of adults  diabetes
ages 35 to 44 have severe gum disease .  the use of medications that reduce the
 About 30 percent of people around the amount of saliva in the mouth
world ages 65 to 74 don’t have any  family history, or genetics
natural teeth left.  certain infections, such as HIV or AIDS
 In most countries, out of every 100,000  hormonal changes in women
people, there are between 1 and 10 cases  acid reflux, or heartburn
of oral cancer.  frequent vomiting, due to the acid
 The burden of oral disease is much
higher in poor or disadvantaged ORAL HYGEINE CAN CAUSE :-
population groups.
 Dantadhavan is a part of Dincharya.
 In Charak Samhita and Ash.Hridaya,
dantadhavan mainly focused on
preventive aspect while Sushruta
mentioned it in chikista sthana,focuses
its curative aspect.
 There is close relationship between oral
hygiene and overall health of an
individual as mouth is the first part of
digestive system. So to keep it normal,
we can use many useful herbal drugs for
doing Dantadhavan(Tooth cleaning).
 Dantadhavan mainly followed by Figure 1

Jivhanirlekhan. Integrated Conceptual Approach

 Other methods e.g. Kawal- Gandusha. Towards Maintaining Good Oral Hygeine
Dhantpavan- Dhantpavan means Tooth brushing
Dhattuna or Chewing sticks. Interdental brushing
AIMS: Tongue scrapers
 To assess the importance of oral hygiene Oral irrigation
Jivhanirlekhana-
in oro-dental disease. It is used for cleaning tongue with
 To verify importance of dantdhavan the help of tongue scraper
Kavala and Gandoosha – oil pulling
vidhi in maintaining oral hygiene.

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 Varsha S. Dhage et.al. Importance of Oral Hygiene in Oro-Dental Diseases: A Review Study

 Dantadhāvana literally means ‘cleaning advanced strengthens enamel, prevents

the teeth’. It is one of the earliest acts in cavities, and kills bad breath bacteria.
one’s daily routine. It is generally done  Jivha nirlekhan (tongue scrapping):it
with a small piece of a twig with its is ideal to use gold, silver, copper,
bark, taken from certain specified plants stainless steel for scrapping of the
or trees having medicinal properties tongue. Tongue scrapping stimulates the
after shaping it like a toothbrush by reflex points of the tongue, removes bad
crushing one of its ends. color (halitosis). Improves the sense of
 Gandusha (gaegling) or oil pulling: oil taste, stimulate the secretion of digestive
pulling is an ancient Ayurveda procedure enzymes.
that involves swishing oil in the mouth  General guidelines suggest brushing
for oral and systemic health benefits. It twice a day but ideally the mouth would
is mentioned in the ayurvedic text be cleaned after every meal. Cleaning
Charaka Samhita where it is called between the teeth is called interdental
kavala or gandusha.oil pulling has been cleaning and is as important as tooth
used extensively as a traditional Indian brushing. This is because a toothbrush
folk remedy for many years to prevent cannot reach between the teeth and
decay, oral malodor, bleeding gums, therefore only removes about 50% of
dryness of throat, cracked lips and for plaque off the surface. There are many
strengthening teeth, gums and the jaw. tools to clean between the teeth,
 Brushing: to get the best oral hygiene including floss, flossettes, and
results from toothbrushing, use an interdental brushes
electric toothbrush.  DIET: A nutritious, balanced diet is
 Flossing: One method that helps essential for your overall health, and it’s
maintain oral hygiene b removing important for your oral hygiene, too. Be
bacteria from areas between the teeth sure to include plenty of dairy products,
that are hard to reach by brushing alone fruits, vegetables, and whole grains in
is flossing. your diet. Some foods that are especially
 Rinsing with a mouthwash can get to good for oral hygiene: cheese, yogurt,
place that your toothbrush and even the milk, and peanuts. These foods can help
deep cleaning of floss can miss. Look remove sugars from the tooth surface
for a mouthwash that contains fluoride, and protect the teeth from plaque
because fluoride is proven to strengthen
enamel and fight cavities. In addition, a
mouthwash such as crest pro-health
LIST OF DRUGS USED IN ORO-DENTAL DISEASES:
Sr. Name of the Drug & Botanical Properties Pharmacological actions
no. name Properties
Pharmacological actions
1 Karanja Kapha-Vatahara, Krimighana, Anti-inflammatory, Antioxidant and Anti-ulcer
(Pongamia pinnata) [Ch, Su, Va] Kandughna activity
2 Karaveera [Ch] (Nerium indicum)] Kapha-Vatahara, Krimighana, Anti-bacterial, anti fungal, anti viral, anti oxidant,
Kandughna Dusta vranahara analgesic, anti ulcer, anti inflammatory, anti cancer,
chemo and radio therapy supplementation
3 Saindhava[Su] Tridoshaghna, Rochaka, Deepana Antacid, Carminative, Digestive Stimulant, anti
(Rock salt) helmenthic, Antioxidant (due to trace minerals),
Anti-inflammatory (mild action)
4 Nimba [Su] Kaphapittahara, Krimighna, deepana, Anti fungal, anti bacterial, anti inflammatory, anti
(Azadirachta indica Vranahara, Chardihara, Vishahra tumour
5 Trikatu Shunti (Zingiber Deepana, Pachana Anti tumour, Anti microbial, Anti fungal,
officinalis) Maricha(Piper nigrum) Analgesic, Anti inflammatory[15], Appetizer and
Pippali(Piper longum) digester
6 Trisugandha-[Su] Deepana, Pachana Anti inflammatory, Analgesic, Anti oxidant,
Twak(Cinnamomum zeylanicum) mukhashodhan odorant, Anti microbial, Anti cancerous, Anti
Ela(Elettaria cardamomum) emetic
Patra(Cinnamomum tamala)

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 Varsha S. Dhage et.al. Importance of Oral Hygiene in Oro-Dental Diseases: A Review Study

Table to be continued…
7 Arka [Ch, Va] (Calotropis Vata hara, Vishaghna, Deepana, Anti bacterial, free radical scavenging, wound
gigantea) Shophahara, Vranahara, Krimihara, healing, anti inflammatory, anti cancerous,
Kanduhara, Visharogahara analgesic
8 Malati [Ch] Vranahara, Mukhapakahara, Anti bacterial, anti inflammatory, anti ulcer, anti
(Jasminum grandiflorum) Dantarati, Vishahara microbial, anti oxidant
9 Arjuna [Ch, Va] (Terminalia Trishnahara, Sadyovranahara, Anti microbial, anti fungal, anti tumour,
arjuna) expectorant, anti cancer
10 Khadira [Su, Va] Kaphapittahara, Dantya, deepana, Anti oxidant, Anti inflammatory, Analgesic, Anti
(Acacia catechu) Aruchihara, Krimihara, Vranahara, microbial
Dantarogahara
11 Taila [Su] Vataroga hara, Agnimandya Anti oxidant, strengthens nerves, anti bacterial, Anti
(Sesamum indicum) viral, Analgesic, Anti cancerous
12 Madhooka [Su] (Glycyrrhiza) Tridoshaghna, Rasayana, Vrana Anti ulcer, Anti oxidant[11]
glabra) Shothahara, Chardi Trishnahara,
Daha, Raktapitta
13 Kshoudra (Honey) [Ch, Su, Va] Kaphavatahara, Chardi, Trit, Krimi, Anti bacterial, anti microbial, promotes oral
Ropaka, Vishahara. wellness, gingivitis, anti oxidant,[12]

CONCLUSION etc.) are easily available in the rural

 Oral hygiene is the practice of keeping areas where socioeconomic condition of
one's mouth clean and free of disease the people is not good enough to buy
and other problems (e.g. bad breath) by costly toothpaste or curative medicines.
regular brushing (dental hygiene) and  The literature showed that there are
cleaning between the teeth. Oral hygiene numerous Ayurvedic drugs, which can
to be carried out on a regular basis to be used in prevention as well as
enable prevention of dental disease management of oral diseases. Many
and bad breath. The most common types Ayurvedic herbal plants, which are
of dental disease are tooth decay reviewed, possess antimicrobial, anti-
(cavities, dental caries) and gum inflammatory, analgesic, antiulcer genic
diseases, including gingivitis, and activities when screened according to
periodontitis. the modern parameters.
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How to cite this article: Dhage VS, Chougule P. Importance of oral hygiene in oro-dental
diseases: a review study. International Journal of Research and Review. 2019; 6(12):69-74.

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