THE ASSESSMENT ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF CURFEW HOURS OF

SELECTED BARANGAY IN PARANG, MAGUINDANO

Manabail, Mohammad Ali M.

Marandang, Al- Zhafran D.
Marandang, Johairia A.
Mantawil, Nasrollah S.
Gapoy, C.J. Dianne
Marsada, Erika C.

An Undergraduate Thesis Presented to

The Faculty Members of Criminology Department
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree
In Bachelor of Science in Criminology

Illana Bay Integrated Computer College Incorporated

Tomawis Building, Poblacion 1
Parang Maguindanao

October 2022
 DEDICATION

The researcher would like to dedicate this study to our research coordinator, adviser,

instructors, parents, colleagues and to the people who continuously inspire and support us to

make this research most productive and valuable. To our relatives, friends and classmates who

shared their advices and encouragement to finish this study. Above all, to the Almighty God who

is behind in the success and fulfillment of this study.

 AKNOWLEDGEMENT

The researchers would like to express their gratitude and appreciation to the following

who gave their encouragement and full support for the completion of the study:

To the research coordinator, Mr. Alvin M. Molina, for always being there, helped

and supported us to finish this study. It was a great honor to work and study under his

guidance.

To the members of the examining committees, Karim B. Alican,LPT, Yusop

Tarambisa, RCRIM,LLB, and Abegael B. Billoso, RN, MSCIEd, for their approval,

sincerity, and professionalism shown towards our study.

To the research adviser, grammarian, and research statistician, Gabriel Ulama

LPT, for being our statistician and patiently checked this manuscript and improved this

study. To our adviser and grammarian Ms. Johana Caka LPT MAED, for To the

Respondents of this research were thanked for their cooperabn, kindness, and honesty

in answering our questionnaires. and for sharing his ideas about the study.

To the place where the research was conducted, follow Especially the

department head of each school Mr. Alvin M. Molina, Mr. Ivan Rey S. Torillo and

PLTCOL Reynaldo M. Cayanga (RET), for allowing the researchers to conduct this

study. Thank you to for parents, sisters, and brothers for their financial support and

inspiration. Most of all, to the Almighty God for giving strength and bright knowledge that

led to the success of this research paper.

 CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study
Prevention of crimes is an attempt to maintain a peaceful community which is

done mainly through the efforts of the government to supreme crime, arrest law

violators and detect who would be the criminals. Curfew has been discussed and

implemented in many countries as a means of controlling the COVID-19 pandemic

(Johns, 2020).

The COVID-19 crisis had governments around the world operating in a context of

radical uncertainly, and faced with difficult trade-offs given the health, economic and

social challenges it raises. Schools and universities were closed in spring 2020 for more

than one billion students of all ages. November 2020, COVID-19 spread to almost all

countries and affected more than 50 million people around the world, resulting in more

than 1.25 million deaths. More than half of the world’s population has experienced a

lockdown and having a curfew hour in their different places to lessen the population of

affected (OECD, 2020).

The government had responded to the Corona Virus Disease-2019 (COVID-19)

pandemic in the Philippines with various restrictions to avoid the spread of the virus

such as curfew hours, lockdowns, limited movement of people aside from the residents

who are authorized to go out, and closing of schools, parks, and other public places

where people may gather. On these days of pandemic, it has been impose to lessen

instances that people might be infected from the virus and curfews have been made

because of the belief that it deters crimes, harm, threat and victimization.
 The local government is continuing its implementation of curfew hours to control

and maintain stability peace and order in the area of amidst ongoing the clearing

operation of the government officials of Maguindanao. Curfew more than just a house

rules, curfew also allow people to maintain their most normal activities at home while

reducing the unnecessary interaction with other people and going late at nights and in

and early in the morning. Restrictions of movement and travel have been imposed

during the implementation of curfew hour, many of the business establishments in

Maguindanao are closed only the pharmacy can operate. The government strictly does

the night curfews; weekend lockdowns have very limited impact on containing or

suppressing the transmission. The district administration should focus on strict and

effective containment strategies. The law enforcers alarmed by this increasing number

of cases who are infected by the virus involving the youth who are violating the curfew

hour. Curfews are beneficial because it gives control to the officials over the behavior of

the residents even lots of people can violate.

This study focus on important aspects of the assessment on the implementation

of curfew hours during pandemic and what are the problems encountered and coping

strategies of the barangay tanod in Parang, Maguindanao. Hence, the researchers on

this study, as a future law enforcer moved towards on this and find interesting to

conduct this study in Parang, Maguindanao specifically in Barangay Poblacion 1.,

Poblacion 2, Making, Magsaysay, Calawag, Nituan, Macasandag,Pinantao, Polloc, and

Sarmiento. The Municipality of Parang implemented the Municipality Ordinance No.

2020- 51 which imposed the discipline hours; 9:00 PM to 4:00 AM Curfew hours which

effective during 2020 in the entire Municipality.

Statement of the Problem

This study aimed to determine the Assessment on the Implementation of Curfew

Hours of Selected Barangay in Parang, Maguindanao.

Specifically, this sought to answer the following questions:

1. What is the socio demographic profile of the respondents in terms of:

a. age;

b. sex; and

c. Length of Service

2. What are the problems encountered by the Barangay Tanod in implementing

curfew hours?
3. What are the coping strategies uses by the Barangay Tanod in implementing
curfew hours?

Significance of the Study

This study is important because it has a social relevance and the conduct of the

research is in time considering the current situation in the community where pandemic

are getting larger.

Specifically, this research study is beneficial to the following persons.

Local Government of Parang Maguindanao – this study may give them

awareness about the people who continue violating the curfew law especially in this

time of pandemic.
 Barangay Official- this study may help them to have monitoring in the

implementation of curfew to their respective barangay to ensure the safety and peaceful

community to live.

Community- this study may serve as springboard for other communities to adopt

the same strategy to prevent the spread of the virus and to lessen crime.

Student- this study may provide information with regards to awareness on

Municipal Ordinance imposing curfew to people of the community.

Parents- this study may serves as parental guidance while their children are not

in home and at the same time an opportunity to follow up and monitor the daily activities

of their school children.

Future Researchers- it may also serve as reference to those who will conduct in

depth study or related to this.

Scope and Limitation

This study was conducted with the objectives of determining of the community in

selected Barangay in Parang, Maguindanao on the assessment of implementation of

curfew hours. The total respondents of this study are sixty seven (67) from the selected

Barangay Tanod in Parang, Maguindanao. This study will focus only on the assessment

of implementation of curfew hours in selected Barangay in Parang, Maguindanao.

Definition of Term

To develop better understanding of this study, the following terms were defined

operationally in this context.

Adult – a natural person eighteen (18) years of age and above whether such person is

a resident of Parang Maguindanao.

Curfew hours– is an official order to return to home before the stated time. It may often

be imposed by a government to maintain the public order in Parang Maguindanao. The

designated time for a person to stay at home which 9:00 pm to 4:00 am for minor and

11:00 pm to 4:00 am for adult.

Barangay Tanod – is a barangay police officer who is in the lowest level of law

enforcement officer. They are the one who roaming around at night in every barangay.

Minor – a natural person before eighteen (18) years of age whether such person is a

resident of Parang Maguindanao.

Assessment – is a process aimed at helping the community and the government to

implement the curfew hour in the barangay.

Implementation – is a policy that must follow by the Barangay in Parang Maguindanao.

Ordinance – a laws adopted by the municipal government of Parang Maguindano.

Offense – it is an illegal act committed by the people of the community in Parang

Maguindanao.

Violators – the people who violated curfew hours in Parang Maguindanao.

 Conceptual Framework

The framework shows the flow of variables presented dependent and independent

variables in which includes the Assessment on the Implementation of Curfew Hours.

Independent Variable Dependent Variable

Implementation of curfew
hours along barangay in Reduction of crime incidents
Parang Maguindanao

Figure 1. The schematic diagram of conceptual framework study.

Independent Variables Implementation of curfew hours along the barangay in Parang

Maguindanao, While Dependent Variables Reduction of crime incidents.

This study tends to know the Implementation of Curfew hours along barangay in Parang

Maguindanao. Curfew imposed to reduce the number of crime committed by the residents and to

promote enforcement of the law. To come up with this study, the researchers gathered data from

the ten (10) barangays in Parang Maguindanao, we arrived the conclusion towards the better

understanding of the implementation of curfew hours.

 CHAPTER II

REVIEW RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter presents the various views, ideas, and perception of both

local and foreign authors who have conducted researches related to this study. This

includes related studies, related literature and legal bases which have a direct bearing

or relation to the current study.

The Corona Virus

On March 11th, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) proclaimed the

novel Coronavirus illness (COVID-19) a global pandemic. Almost every government in

the globe has implemented new measures to combat the disease's spread. COVID-19-

related curfews and quarantines vary greatly within countries, depending on national

responses to the epidemic. As the pandemic enters its second year, the psychological

and social well-being of children and adolescents, as well as mental health hazards, are

beginning to take a toll. Children have been separated from members of their extended

families, instructors, and friends as a result of the pandemic's tight containment

procedures. They've been leaning on each other from home, frequently in the midst of

really trying circumstances.

Barangay Tanod’s Duties

The lack of public safety has an impact on everyone's lives. According to

National Police Commission (NAPOLCOM) Memorandum Circular 2008-013, Barangay

Police Security Officers that work as auxiliary police officers for the Philippine National
Police are considered force multiple. Despite the fact that Barangay Police, or "Tanod,"

work on a volunteer basis, they are willing to put their lives on the line to safeguard the

safety of the people in their own Barangays (Benitez, 2013).

A peaceful and secure environment is critical to every society since it affects all

aspects of economic and social development (Kimanuka, 2019). Ensuring the peace

and order with their the community, the Barangay Tanod, formally known as Barangay

Peacekeeping Security Officer or Barangay Police, plays an essential part in the

progress and development of the barangay, as it is one of the mechanism of the

Barangay Peace and Order Committee (BPOC).

Preparedness to COVID19

The spread of COVID-19 revealed a number of flaws in our administrative

response, health-care system, and general preparedness for National Emergencies in

the United States. Since the first month of the national lockdown, it has also had an

impact on the number of our front-line workers who have been working constantly. The

Philippines has had one of the “strictest and longest” domestic containment measures

to address Covid19. Almost seven month on, this unenviable tittle continues amid

curfews, limited public transportation, additional roadblocks, checkpoints, social media

monitoring by the police, additional police deployments in business districts. Despite

arguably, these measures the Philippines still have the highest Covid19 incidence in

South Asia based on data from John Hopkins University (Caliwan et al., 2020).
Enforcing Public Health

As a result, the Barangay is the initial point of contact for any citizen, taxable or

not, with the government. By the time the number of COVID-19 cases in the Philippines

had risen, President Duterte had made facemasks and social separation mandatory.

According to Recuenco (2020), Police Lt. Guillermo Lorenzo Eleazar, commander of the

JTF COVID Shield, the police supervisor should work together with the barangay

security officers or barangay tanod in enforcing the minimum health safety protocols

and explaining the community level implementation of quarantine rules to control the

spread of COVID-19 is population density, the barangay should be in charge of

identifying, contact-tracing, and investigating.

Eleazar also claimed that barangays play an important role in the fight against

COVID-19 because once quarantine rules were removed in practically all parts of the

country; citizens were accustomed to following health-related safety practices. Physical

separation was abandoned in favor of reuniting for drinking sessions and talking

(Recuenco, 2020).

According Gonzales et al. (2006) stated that during public health emergencies,

law enforcement is responsible for present threats- whether human made (e.g., war or

terrorist attacks) or naturally occurring (e.g., disaster or pandemics). They noted that

policing strategies vary depending on the threat’s case and severity. Gonzales et al.

also included that once an outbreak of disease becomes a serious threat. The law

enforcement’s role may include enforcing public health orders (e.g. , quarantine or

travels restrictions), securing the perimeter of contaminated areas, securing health

facilities, crowd- control, and monitoring the suspected biological scenes, terrorism and

protecting national stockpiles of vaccines and medical necessities.

Curfew Policies

According to Cooper and Love (2017), on their study about “Youth Curfew: A

retrospective view of the rise, fall and legacy of the Northbridge Policy, Australian

Journal of Social issues” came up with the following review of related literature. Youth

curfews have been rejected in the academic literature both because they violate

parents’ or young people’s rights and because they are ineffective as a crime prevention

measure. Curfew contexts and implementation differences complicate comparisons.

Curfews have a long history and have applied for various purposes including

political repression, to control the use of public spaces by particular sub-populations and

for public safety. Curfews curtail democratic rights such as freedom of movement and

political liberties. Curfews are only justifiable in democratic societies in extreme

circumstances when it can be demonstrated that overriding benefits result from the

proposed restrictions of rights. Arguments to justify curfew claimed that curfew would

protect young people from harm, and also protect adults from harms caused by young

people (Cooper, et al., 2014)

Curfew ordinances are typically local registration that identifies a particular time

which does not allow residents to be out in public. In general, curfews seek to reduce

juvenile crime and victimization and empower parents to help control children’s

behaviour. The assumption curfew legislation is that, individuals who are at home or

under adult supervision are less likely to be involved in criminal activity, either as a
perpetrator or a victim. Similar to probation practice, the use of general curfew across

the country has almost alike trends in juvenile justice sentencing policy (Raffy& Raffles

2003). Curfews have again become popular in recent years as response to the COVID

—19 diseases increased during the year 2020-2021.

Effectiveness of Curfew Enforcement

There is insufficient space to explore more general questions about parent’s right

vs. state of rights to discuss questions about youth rights concepts of childhood and

maturity. Citing a particular policy related to the imposition of curfew is the Northbridge

Policy in Australia to which its purposes were improved child protection and prevention

of harm, prevention of crime and nuisance by children and young people; and

improvement of the place (Office of Crime Prevention, 2006). The policy includes the

following: Primary school age children, that is children 12 years of age and under, in the

area during the hours of darkness, Young people 13 to 15 years of age after 10:00

o’clock in the evening, Any children or young people misbehaving, engaging in violence,

intimidation, provoking aggression or other offensive behaviors, Any children or young

people, visibly affected by engaging in substance abuse (e.g. alcohol, cannabis,

solvents and other substances), Any children or young people soliciting or begging.

Juvenile curfews laws have appealed to liberals and conservatives alike, though

usually for slightly different reasons. For conservatives, curfews fit into an approach of

more vigorous enforcement efforts, more punitive sentencing, and increased social

controls. For liberals, curfews fit into program of identifying juveniles in early stages of

delinquency that could benefit from intervention strategies. Additionally, the costs of
enforcing curfew are perceived as relatively low and the measures perceived as very

effective. Little empirical research has been done on the cost-effectiveness of curfew

enforcement (Adams, 2003).

Juvenile curfew laws have become very popular in the United States over the

past 20 years. The US Conference of mayors conducted a survey in 1997 found that 80

percent of the cities surveyed had a night-time curfew for youth. A study done in 2000

found that the rate of increase in cities with curfews was about 3 percent each year and

that police have increased enforcement efforts (Bannister, 2000 as found in Schwartz &

Wang, 2005).

Curfew laws have been challenged on the grounds that are unconstitutional.

Arguments have been based on the curfews’ violation of the following rights: freedom of

speech, equal protection and due process, freedom from movement, and the right of

parents rear their children (Schwartz & Wang, 2005). Courts have largely held up the

right of jurisdiction to impose such laws, if they meet certain legal criteria such as the

jurisdiction can provide data supporting that the ordinance is tailored to fulfil a public

safety need.

Curfew in the Life of the Young people

In a democratic society, there is a prima facie expectation that laws should

provide equal protection to all. Selective curfew legislation potentially violates this

requirement. In addition, curfews differentially affect particular sections of the

populations, because of differential material circumstances or habitual patterns of

recreation. The street is a place of recreation for poor and working class young people,
who are also likely to be reliant on public transport. Curfews that apply only to

pedestrians and those socializing in public space have a substantial impact on poorer

people but little impact upon middle class citizens who have the ability and preference

to pay for leisure activities in private venues and to use private transport for night-time

travel (Brass, 2006).

Breaches of curfews can lead to qualitatively different consequences.

Consequences may include administrative action (such as welfare intervention), a

criminal sanction (such as prosecution), or an extra-legal response (such as shooting).

In the USA, many youth curfews discussed in the literature have legal consequences for

parents or young people, and they can be taken to court and fined. In Australia and

elsewhere the consequences are administrative, and breach of curfew is treated as a

welfare issue. Whilst this may seem more begin, cautions that as part of the liberal-

welfares tradition, administrative processes were used to enact the forced removal

Indigenous children from their parents, for their own good (Bessan. 2013).

Juvenile Laws Youth and Curfew

Often, curfew violators are diverted away from juvenile justice system either

through diversion programs or by receiving a warming rather than citation. Nonetheless,

a significant number of curfew violators are formally charged through the filling of a

petition. While many perceive the statutes as effective and cite anecdotal evidence to

illustrate the efficacy of curfew statutes, most studies that have looked at the impact of

curfew laws on juvenile crime have generally concluded that there is a little evidence

that curfew laws make a significant impact on juvenile crime rates (Adams, 2003).
Curfew Ordinance

Youth curfews have become popular tool for combating juvenile delinquency.

Despite their popularity with local governments, existing studies find little evidence to

support the notion that curfews are effective at reducing crime. Kline (2011) evaluates

the effectiveness of curfew ordinances by comparing the arrest behaviour of various

age-groups within a city before and after enactment. The Municipal Ordinance No. 03-

2012 dated January 18, 2012 entitled “Curfew Ordinance of the Municipality of Parang,

Maguindanao”. The following are the ordinances: Imposition of curfew:

No person shall be allowed to wander, loiter, stroll or standby in public places,

commercial establishments, recreation centers, uninhabited/abandoned places, streets,

alleys, passageways or any other area outside the immediate vicinity of their residence

from 9:00 pm to 4:00 am for minors and 11:00 pm to 4:00 am for persons 18 years of

age and above. Minors shall likewise not be allowed to make or earn a living by selling

goods or perform any other form of labor during the curfew hours. . Persons found

violating the provision of this ordinances shall undertake the following: first offense- four

hours of community service/ or fine of P500.00, second offense- six hours of community

service/ or fine of P1000.00, third offense- eight hours of community service/ or fine of

P1500.00, fourth and succeeding offense- ten hours of community service and

additional of two hours for succeeding offenses.

The Impact of Juvenile Laws on Arrest of Youth and Adults.

 Curfew appears to have important effects on the criminal behavior of youth. The

arrest that suggests that being subject to a curfew reduces the arrests of juveniles

below the curfew age by approximately 10% in the five years following enactment.

Arrests of adults also appear to fall in response to enactment though the intensity and

timing of the effect appears to be similar across exempt age-groups, suggesting that

statistical discrimination has little to do with any spillover effects. However, the precision

of the estimated effects on older age-groups is poor and cannot rule out small and

potentially important discrimination effects (Kline, 2011).

Initial report of Decreased Corona Virus Disease

The transmission of the coronavirus must be prevented to control and eventually

eliminate the COVID-19 pandemic. Fortunately, preliminary research suggests that

vaccination not only protects against infection, but also inhibits pathogen transmission

from one person to another. However, because vaccines are scarce and most countries

have only recently begun their vaccination campaigns, various interim measures, such

as gathering bans and the closure of non-essential shops, restaurants, and cultural

venues, are still required to reduce social contact. Many countries have enacted

nighttime curfews, for example, new German legislation (Infection Protection Act, 2021)

mandates inhabitants in districts with 7-day incidence rates more than 100 to stay

indoors between 10 p.m. and 5 a.m. The idea is that curfews at night are likely to

reduce private meetings, thereby limiting the virus's spread (Levine-Tiefenbrun 2021).

Nightime Curfews
 According to a recent study that modeled the impact of several interventions,

nighttime curfews could indeed infection levels (Sharma et al., 2021). However, as

compared to other initiatives such as eliminating non-essential enterprises or prohibiting

meetings of more than two individuals, the reduction was minor. There are a few

possibilities for why midnight curfews have such a minor influence. Curfews, in

particular, may generate reactance, or a feeling of rage, prompting efforts to reclaim that

freedom. Individuals may be motivated by reactance to break prohibitions and meet with

people during curfew hours (the boomerang effect), or they may refuse to follow other

pandemic restrictions such as gathering bans. Additionally, people may be compelled to

combine meetings that they may not wish to cancel due to time restrictions. We

conducted a survey experiment to evaluate perceptions of midnight curfews and

possible negative effects on disease dynamics in order to explain these issues and

assist evidence-based policymaking (Dimeglio et al., 2021).

Curfews vary by location, according to Sharona Hoffman, JD, LLM, a professor at

Case Western Reserve University's law and medicine schools and the co-director of

their Law-Medicine Center. Residents in her home state of Ohio, for example, are

required to stay at home between the hours of 10 p.m. and 6 a.m. between 5 a.m. and 7

a.m. She stated there are some exceptions, such as seeking medical attention or

going to work.

Countries around the worl have some unsual rules to combat coronavirus (Natacha

Larnaud, 2021). Curfews and movement restriction has been strongly implemented in
order to control wide spread of coronavirus with their significant mental health

implications.

Curfews are imposed to reduce opportunities for people to gather, discourage

and decrease mobility among populations with the highest infection rates who are also

most likely to be out late at night. Curfews have been observed in many places even

when the pandemic has not started yet. These are laws that limit the action of the

people and when violated, punishment follows (Carpio, 2020).

 CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

This study presents a description of the methods and procedure used by the

researchers in this study. This includes the following subtopics: research design, Locale

of the study, research respondents, sampling technique, research instruments, and data

gathering procedure procedures and data treatment and statistical tool.

Research Design

This study applied a descriptive research design as defined by Best (cited by

Calderon, 2016) conditions of relationship that exist; practices that prevail; beliefs,

process that are going on; effects that are being felt, or trends that are developing

(Calderon, 2016). Descriptive research design which was used as hypothesis to

answer the questions as well the perception of the respondents towards effect of curfew

hours during pandemic.

Locale of the Study

This study conducted in different Barangays in Parang Maguindanao. Specifically

in Barangay Poblacion 1, Poblacion 2, Making, Magsaysay, Calawag, Nituan,

Macasandag,Pinantao, Polloc, and Sarmiento.

Research Respondents

The respondents of the study were the selected Barangay Tanod from Barangay

Poblacion 1, Poblacion 2, Making, Magsaysay, Calawag, Nituan,

Macasandag,Pinantao, Polloc, and Sarmiento. Based on the Slovin’s formula there will

be respondents 67 respondents. He sample size is determined using Slovin’s Formula.

Sampling Techniques

The researchers used Random sampling technique in the selecting the

respondents of the study. Random Sampling technique is a randomly selected subset of

a population. In this sampling method, each member of the population has an exact

equal chance of being selected (Lauren Thomas 2020). This sampling technique is

suitable to the study since the respondents must be the Baragay Tanods.

Research Instruments

The research instrument used in this study is survey questionnaire consisted of

three (3) parts. First is the socio demographic profile of the respondents in terms of;

age, sex, and length of service. Second part of the instrument problem encountered by

the Barangay Tanod during the implementation of curfew hours. Third part of the

instrument is the coping strategies of Barangay Tanod in the implementation of curfew

hours.

Data gathering Procedure

To gather the needed data the researcher followed the following procedures:

First asking permission to conduct study, the researchers made a letter

addressed to the office of the Barangay Chairman/ Chairwoman of the Barangay’s in

Parang, Maguindanao. Second the formulation of the instrument, the guide questions
were made by the researcher and the researchers would personally collect and retrieve

available data. Third is the collection and processing of data all data were collected and

be subjected for statistical procedures. Fourth analysis and interpretation of data, after

records were collected by researchers, it was analyzed and interpreted so as to cope up

with formulated conclusion and recommendations.

Statistical Treatment of Data

After the gathering the accomplished survey questionnaire the researchers will

proceeded on collecting, tallying, and tabulating of the data. To analyze the data

Frequency Counts, Percentage Distribution, and Weighted Mean will be used.

Frequency lowest and Percentage Distribution will be used in presenting the

Demographic Profile of the respondents such as age, sex and length of service.

Weighted Mean will be used in analyzing the problems encountered by the Barangay

Tanod duing the implementation of curfew hours. Likewise, in analyzing the coping

strategies of the Barangay Tanod in the implementation of curfew hours.

 CHAPTER IV

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This chapter focuses on the tabular and textual presentation of the gathered data for

the purpose on analyzing and interpreting the results. The analysis and interpretation is

based on the statement of the problem:

1. What is the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of:

a. Sex;

b. Age; and

c. Length of Service?

2. What are the problems encountered by the Barangay Tanod in implementing

curfew hours?

3. What are the coping strategies uses by the Barangay Tanod in implementing

Curfew hours?
PART I- Demographic Profile of the Respondents

Table 1.1 The demographic profile (age) of the respondents

Age Frequency Percentage

23-32 9 13%

33-42 28 42%

43-52 25 37%

53-62 7 7%

TOTAL 67 100%

Table 1.1 shows the distribution of the respondents according to their age. The

youngest age of the respondents was twenty-three (23) years old while the oldest age

of the respondents was sixty-two (62) years old. The highest age were 33 to 42 years

old with a frequency of twenty (28) with the percentage of 42% followed by age of 43 to

52 with a frequency of twenty-five (25) and a percentage of 37% , and age of 23 to 32

with a frequency of nine (9) and percentage of 13%. However, majority of the

respondents' for within the age range of 33 to 52 years old with a combined percentage

of 79%. This implies that majority of the respondents were within the age range of 33 to

52 with a combined percentage of 79%.

Table 1.2 The demographic profile (length of service) of the respondents

Length of Service Frequency Percentage

1-3 Years 25 37%

4-6 Years 20 29%

7-9 Years 13 19%

10-12 Years 5 7%

13-15 Years 3 4%

16-18 Years 1 1%

TOTAL 67 100%

Table 1.2 shows the distribution of the respondents according to their length of

service. Among sixty-seven (67) respondents in this study, majority of the respondents

are 1-3 years with the frequency of twenty-five (25) and a percentage of 37%, followed

by 4-6 years with a frequency of twenty (20) and a percentage of 29%, and 7-9 years

with the frequency of thirteen (13) and a percentage of 19%. This further implies that

majority of the respondents are 1-3 years and 4-6 years.

PART II - Problems encountered by the barangay tanod in implementing curfew
hours

Table 1. Distribution of the respondents on the Problems encountered by the barangay

tanod in implementing curfew hours

Statements 5 4 3 2 1 Mean Interpretation

1. There are still violators of 37 15 7 5 3 4.16 Agree
curfew hours.
2. Implementing strict 27 31 3 6 0 4.18 Agree
barangay ordinance tends
everyone to violate more
rather than to follow.
3. Lack of response from the 19 14 6 17 11 3.19 Neutral
barangay officials
regarding on the strict
implementation of curfew
hours.
4. The increasing Covid-19 32 13 10 12 0 3.97 Agree
cases have affected my
schedule of duty in
implementing curfew
hours.
5. The drinking alcohol of 19 13 9 14 12 3.19 Neutral
the residents during the
curfew hours.
6. Encountered trouble in 33 16 6 11 1 4.03 Agree
implementation of curfew
hours because of the
people who did not follow
protocols.
7. The violators tend to 30 15 7 13 2 3.87 Agree
violate the curfew hours
implementation even they
had already experience
the community
service/first offense
punishment.
8. Imposing penalty for 25 34 7 0 1 4.22 Agree
 performing excessive
violation on the curfew
hours.
9. Ignoring the imprinted 24 12 7 11 13 3.34 Neutral
tarpaulin of curfew hours.
10. Problems in chasing 30 23 7 7 0 4.13 Agree
violators who keep
escaping after being
caught.

GRAND MEAN 3.83 Agree

Legend

Range of Mean Interpretation

4.50- 5.00 Strongly Agree

3.50- 4.49 Agree

2.50- 3.49 Neutral

1.50- 2.49 Disagree

1.00-1.49 Strongly Disagree

Table 1 shows the distribution of the respondents on the problems encountered by

the barangay tanod in implementing curfew hours. It shows that the highest mean were

4.22 which Imposing penalty for performing excessive violation on the curfew, followed

by 4.18 mean which Implementing strict barangay ordinance tends everyone to violate

more rather than to follow,, and 4.33 mean which There are still violators of curfew

hours. Majority of the respondents chose the rating scale 4 (Agree) with a weighted
mean average of 3.83 which further implies that the mentioned problems encountered

by the barangay tanod in implementing curfew hours were fully implemented of Parang

Maguindanao.

PART III - Coping Strategies in implementing Curfew Hours

Table 1. Distribution of the respondents on the coping strategies in implementing
curfew hours

Statement 5 4 3 2 1 Weighted Interpretation

Mean
1. The broadcast announcement helped 39 23 2 3 0 4.46 Agree
me lessen violators of the curfew
hours.
2. Use of print media regarding to 37 27 3 0 0 4.51 Strongly
curfew hours. Agree
3. Patrolling every night to catch 44 16 6 1 0 4.54 Strongly
violators. Agree
4. The implementation of community 36 27 2 2 0 4.45 Agree
awareness on the curfew hours.
5. Strictly implementation of barangay 43 19 4 1 0 4.55 Strongly
ordinance. Agree
6. Giving warning to the violators before 35 22 3 7 0 4.27 Agree
the final sunction.
7. Tanods are actively conducting night 45 15 3 3 1 4.49 Agree
time curfew.
8. Monitoring the community to ensure 37 18 9 3 0 4.33 Agree
the safety of the people.
9. Posting of tarpaulins imprinted with 32 30 3 0 2 4.34 Agree
curfew hours.
10. Rooming around 30 minutes before 32 25 4 3 3 4.19 Agree
the curfew hours.

GRAND MEAN 4.41 Agree

Legend
 Range of Mean Interpretation

4.50- 5.00 Strongly Agree

3.50- 4.49 Agree

2.50- 3.49 Neutral

1.50- 2.49 Disagree

1.00-1.49 Strongly Disagree

Table 2 shows the distribution of the respondents with regards to the coping strategies

in implementing hours. It shows that the highest mean was 4.55 which Strictly

implementation of barangay ordinance, followed by 4.54 mean which Patrolling every

night to catch violators, and 4.51 mean which Use of print media regarding to curfew

hours. Majority of the respondents chose rating scale 4 (Agree) with a weighted mean

average of 4.41 which further implies that in the evaluation of the respondents, it

revealed that they were agree that the assessment on the implementation curfew hours

of selected barangay in Parang, Maguindanao were reduced the violators in their coping

strategies in implementing curfew hours.

CHAPTER V
 SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter presents the summary, the findings, the conclusions, and the

recommendations of the study. It also contains the bibliography, the appendices and the

curriculum vitae of the researchers.

Summary of the Study

This study of the assessment on the implementation of curfew hours of selected

barangay in Parang, Maguindano sought to identify the assessment on the

implementation of curfew hours of selected barangay in Parang, Maguindanao.

Specifically, the study sought to answer 1). What is the socio demographic profile of the

respondents in terms of: age, sex and length of service; 2) what are the problems

encountered by the Barangay Tanod. 3) What are the coping strategies uses by the

Barangay Tanod.

The respondents of this study were the selected Barangay Tanod of Parang,

Maguindanao. A survey questionnaire was used in the collection of data. Data analysis

and interpretation were done using descriptive statistics such as frequency count,

percentage and mean.

Major’s Findings

The findings of the study were summarized as follows:

1. Majority 28 (42%) of the barangay tanods were in the range of 33 – 42 years old, 67

(100%) are male.

2. The problems encountered by the barangay tanod in implementing curfew hours are

composed of 10 statements. Statement number 8 got the highest mean which states

“Catching violators before and after the curfew hours” which has an equivalent of Agree

to the description.

3. The Coping Strategies in Implementing Curfew Hours are composed of 10

statements. Among 10 statements, statement number 5 “Strict implementation of

barangay ordinance” got the highest mean which has an equivalent of Strongly Agree to

the description.

Conclusion

Based on the above findings the following conclusions were drawn.

The result of the study also revealed that the Barangay Tanod of Parang

Maguindanao encountered problem in implementing curfew hours in the community in

catching violators before and after the curfew hours, the coping strategies used by the

Barangay tanod is patrolling every night to catch violators of the community, thus this

will help the community to lessen the crime incidents in every barangay of the
community. Barangay tanod reflected to their experiences to further improve as public

servants and to be prepared for future crisis.

Recommendation

Considering the result of this study, the researchers would like to recommend the

following:

This study recommends that: 1.All of the Barangay officials should conduct

seminar for tanods for the implementation of community awareness on the curfew hour

within the barangay of Parang Maguindanao, since there are still a lot of violators who

continue to violate curfew hour. 2. Barangay Officials must maximize the use of social

technology platforms like Facebook for easy dissemination of information such as

curfew advisory to their constituents. 3. Barangay Tanod should continuously and

strictly implement the curfew hour ordinance in their area of responsibility. 4. Giving

offense/fines of the ordinance to the violators of such, so that other people will obey and

follow the ordinance. 5. They need to have a strict enforcement on the curfew ordinance

to deter residents in violating on this ordinance. 6. They should provide consequences

to the violators of ordinance and will serve as deterrent tool so that others will obey and

follow.
 REFERENCES

Adams, Khenneth. The effective of juvenile Curfews at Crime Prevention, Annals

587:pp.137-159. USA Copyright 2003.

Bannister, A.J.,& Reynolds (2001). A national police survey on the use of Juvenile
Curfews, Journal of Criminal Justice. 29(3), 233.

Benitez, Abegail. B (2013). Bill gives barangay tanod’s kids 50% discount in tuitions in
SUCs.

Brass, P. 2006. Collective Violence, Human Rights and the Politics of Curfew Journal of
Human Rights, 5 pp. 323-340. http://www.remate.ph/2013/08/bill-gives-
barangay-tanods-kids-50-discount-in-tution-in-sucs/

Caliwan, C. (2020). Christopher Llloyd 2020. “Police Visibility Assured as More

Businesses Reopen Tuesday”. Philpiine News Agency,
http://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1113917.

Cooper, T., & Love, T. (2017). A youth curfew: a retrospective view of the rise, fall and
legacy of the northbridge Police. Austriallian Journal of Social Issues, 52(3).
pp204-221. Dimeglio and colleagues (2001).

Kimanuka, (2019) Scribbr. https://www.newsttimes.co.rw/opinions/peace-security-

development.

Kline, Patrick (2011).The Impact of Juvenile Curfew Laws on Arrests of Youth and
Adults. American Law and Economic Review, Oxford University Press, vol 14(1), pages
44-67.

Tiefenbrun, Levine (2021). Initial report of Decreased Corona Virus Disease

OECD, (2020). The territorial impact of COVID-19: managing the crisis across levels of
government. https://www.oecd.org/coronaviruss/policy-response/the-territorial-impactof-
covid-19-managing-the-crisis-across-levels-of-goverment-d3e3141e1/#biblio-dle5202.
Rucuenco, (2020). Cops to lead tanods in community-level quarantine-enforcement.
https://mb.com.ph/2020/07/23/cops-to-lead-tanods-in-community-level-quarantine-
enforcement/.

(Schwartz et al., 2005). Proliferating Curfews Laws Keep Kids at Home but Fail to Curb
Juvenile Crime. Youth Law News Journal of the National Center for Youth Law XXVI.

(Sharma et al .,2021). Effectiveness of different interventions of the reported nighttime

curfews could indeed reduce infection levels.
 APPENDECIES

ASSESSMENT ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF CURFEW HOURS OF SELECTED

BARANGAYS IN PARANG, MAGUINDANAO

Statement of the Problem

This study aims to determine the Assessment on The Implementation of Curfew

Hours of Selected Barangays in Parang, Maguindanao. Specifically, this aims to identify
the following:

1. What is the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of:

a. Age:
b. Sex: and
c. Length of Service
2. What are the problems encountered by the Barangay Tanod in implementing
curfew hours?
3. What are the coping strategies uses by the Barangay Tanod in implementing
curfew hours?
 SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE

Dear Respondents:
Greetings of Peace!
We are the Bachelor of Science in Criminology third year students who are
currently in Research I. Presently, we are conducting a study entitled “The Perception of
Selected Residents of Poblacion 1 in the Implementation of Curfew Hours Amidst
Pandemic”.In line with this we are asking for your precious time, and effort to answer all
the questions in the questionnaire that are important and helpful for the completion of
the study. Rest assured that all data gathered from you will be kept in the highest level
of confidentially.
Thank you very much for your cooperation.
______________________________________________________________________
Part I. Demographic Profile of the Respondents

Directions: Please put check (/) or provide information on the following questions.

Sex: __________________ Age: ________________

Length of Service: __________________________

Direction: For each statement in the survey, please indicate how much you agree or
disagree with the statement by putting check (/) in the box on the right side of each
statement. There is no right or wrong answers. Your answers will be kept strictly
confidential and you will not be identified.
Kindly follow the numerical guide below:
5– Strongly Agree
4– Agree
3- Neutral
2– Disagree
1– Strongly Disagree
Part II. Problems encountered by the barangay tanod in implementing curfew
hours
Direction: For each statement in the survey, please indicate how much you agree or
disagree with the statement by putting check (/) in the box on the right side of each
statement.

5 4 3 2 1
Strongly Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly
Statements Agree Disagree
1. There are still violators of curfew
hours.

2. Implementing strict barangay

ordinance tends everyone to
violate more rather than to follow.
3. Lack of response from the
barangay official regarding on the
strict implementation of curfew
hours.
4. The increasing Covid-19 cases
have affected my schedule of duty
in implementing curfew hours..
5. The drinking alcohol of the
residents during the curfew hours.

6. Encountered trouble in
implementation of curfew hours
because of the people who did not
follow protocols.
7. The violators tend to violate the
curfew hours implementation even
they had already experience the
community service/first offense
punishment.
8. Imposing penalty for performing
excessive violation on the curfew
hours.
9. Ignoring the imprinted tarpaulin of
curfew hours.

10. Problems in chasing violators who

keep escaping after being caught.
Part III. Coping Strategies in Implementing Curfew Hours
Directions: For each statement in the survey, please indicate how much you agree or
disagree with the statement by putting check (/) in the box on the right side of each
statement.

5 4 3 2 1

Statements Strongly Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly

Disagree
Agree

1. The broadcast announcement helped

me lessen violators of the curfew
hours.
2. Use of print media regarding to
curfew hours.

3. Patrolling every night to catch

violators.

4. The implementation of community

awareness on the curfew hour.

5. Strict implementation of barangay

ordinance.

6. Giving warning to the violators before

the final sanction.

7. Tanods are actively conducting night

time curfew.

8. Monitoring the community to ensure

the safety of the people.

9. Posting of tarpaulins imprinted with

curfew hours.

10. Rooming around 30 minutes before

the curfew hours.
Name: C.J. Dianne Gapoy

Date of Birth: August 18, 2000

Age: 23

Gender: Female

Current Home: Apitong St, Poblacion 1 Parang, Maguindanao

Citizenship: Filipino

Civil Status: Single

Religion: Roman Catholic

Height: 5’5

Weight: 65

Language and Dialect Spoken: Bisaya, Tagalog

Skills: Can cook, can do multitasking

Educational Attainment

Degree Course: Bachelor of Science in Criminology

Primary: Salvacion Elementary School

Secondary: Tagum City College of Science and Technology Inc.

Tertiary: Illana Bay Integrated Computer College, Inc.

Name: Johairia Aguilar Marandang

Date of Birth: May 04, 1999

Age: 22

Gender: Female

Current Home: Poblacion Uno Parang, Maguindanao

Citizenship: Filipino

Civil Status: Married

Religion: Islam

Height: 5’6

Weight: 75

Ethnic Affiliation: Iranun

Language and Dialect Spoken: Iranun, Maguindanaon, Bisaya, Tagalog

Skills: Watching Movies, Playing Online Games

Educational Attainment

Degree Course: Bachelor of Science in Criminology

Primary: Parang Central Elementary School

Secondary: Notre Dame of Parang Inc.

Tertiary: Illana Bay Integrated Computer College, Inc.

Name: Nasrollah Salik Mantawil

Date of birth: February 24, 1998

Age: 24

Gender: Male

Current Home: Datu Odin Sinsuat Maguindanao

Citizenship: Filipino

Civil status: Sinlge

Religion: Islam

Height: 5'4

Weight: 57

Ethnic affiliation: Maguindanaow

Language and Dialect spoken: Maguindanaow and tagalog

Skill: playing basketball

Education Attainment

Degree course: Bachelor of Science in Criminology

Primary: Camp Ibrahim Seme Elementary School

Secondary: Datu Mentato National High School

Tertiary: Illana Bay Integrated Computer College Inc.

Name: Mohammad Ali Mustapha Manabail

Date of birth: March 03, 2000

Age: 23

Gender: Male

Current Home: Barira, Parang Maguindanao

Citizenship: Filipino

Civil status: Married

Religion: Islam

Height: 5’5

Weight: 55

Ethnic affiliation: Iranun

Language and Dialect spoken: Iranun and Tagalog

Skill: playing basketball

Education Attainment

Degree course: Bachelor of Science in Criminology

Primary: Ibra Bulyoc Memorial Elementary School

Secondary: Sultan Barira National High School

Tertiary: Illana Bay Integrated Computer College Inc.

Name: Erika C. Marsada

Date of Birth: June 20, 2001

Age: 21

Gender: Female

Current Home: Highway 1, Brgy. Sarmiento (Landasan) Parang, Maguindanao

Citizenship: Filipino

Civil Status: Single

Religion: Roman Catholic

Height: 5’0

Weight: 50

Ethnic Affiliation: Bisaya

Language and Dialect Spoken: Bisaya and Tagalog

Skills: Playing Online Games and Drawing

EDUCATIONAL Attainment

Degree Course: Bachelor of Science in Criminology

Primary: Sarmiento West Elementary School

Secondary: ARMM Regional Science High School

Tertiary: Illana Bay Integrated Computer College, Inc.

Name: Al-zhafran Dagalangit Marandang

Date of Birth: December 28, 1998

Age: 23

Gender: Male

Current Home: Lipawan Barira Maguindanao

Citizenship: Single

Religion: Islam

Height: 5'9

Weight: 59

Ethnic Affiliation: Iranun

Language and Dialect Spoken: Iranun, Maguindanaon, Maranao, Tagalog

Skills: Watching Anime and playing Online games

Education Attainment

Degree Course: Bachelor of Science in Criminology

Primary: Barira Central Elementary School

Secondary: Sultan Macalawi Memorial National High School

Tertiary: Illana Bay Integrated Computer College Inc.