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HXAfuIINATIONS fiOUTdCIL OF LE$STHO
Lesotho Geffitrrfil f,*rtificate af Secondary Educatioru

*ANDIDATE
NAh/lE

CHhITRE CANDIDATE
NUMBER NUhfitsHR

BIffLOGY 0180rse
Faper 2 OctoberfNovember 2StS
{ hour 45 minutes
Marks: &{}
#andidates answer on the Question Paper.

'ffi ffiEAD THE$H Iftt$TRUcTtoN$ FIffi$T

Write your Centre number, candidate number and name in the spaces at the top of this page.
Write in dark blue or black pen.
You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
Do not use $taples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid. /" ,rn"''

DO NOT WR1TE IN ANY BARCODES.

$ection A
Answer f,ll questions.
Write yfrur an$wer$ in the space$ provided *n the quffi$tion paper.
Yau ar* aduised to $pend no lons*r tl'lan CIne hour Gft Section A.

Section B For Examimer'r Use

Answer all questions.
Write your answers in the spaces provided on the question paper. {

You may lose marks if you do not show your working or if you do not use 2
appropriate units.
{b
Electronic calculators may be used. rI

At the end of the examination, fasten all your work seeurely together. 4
The number of marks is given in bra'ckets [ ] at the end of eaCh question or part
question. ! 5
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6

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This documtrnt *CIn$i$ts of t 3 printed page$ and 3 blank pages.

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Section A

Answer all questisns.

t Fig. 1.1 shows a plant cell"

cell membrane

vacunle
chloraplast

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{a} Name the pfrr't of the rell that:

til contains the chrornosomfr$,

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tii) controls the movement af suhstances into and out of the ceil,

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(b) Root hair cells are specialised plant cells.

(i) State the part labelled in Fig. 1.1 that is not present in a root hair ce[.

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(ii) Explain why the part named in (h)(i) is not present in a root hair ceil.

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{iii} $tate the function sf a root hair cell *

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{iv) Explain how the structure of a root hair cell is specialised to carry out its function.

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2 Fig. 2.1 shows the structure of the alimentary canal and associated organs.

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{a} {i} Narne the structures lahelled F and G in FiS, ?.1.

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tii) Using Fig. 2.1, complete Table 2.1 by writing the correct letter for each function.

Table 2.1

function Ietter
)

L,- produces enzymes that wonk in alkaline conditions

region where the end products of digestion are ahs*nhed

where undigested foocl pfrs$es sut as faeces

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(b) A percon produces faeces that contain more water than normal.

State and explain which part of the alimentary canal is least likely to be working properly

name of part

explanation '.,Ft',\'

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(c) A.person diagnosed with a disease of the gall bladder had a lower amount of fatty acids in
the
blood, even though food containing fats were still eaten.
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Suggest reasons for this.

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3 (a) Complete Table 3.1 by naming the two types of plant tissue responsible for transport through
a plant and the materialthat each transports,

Table 3.{

type of tis*ue mattrria! tnan$pnrted

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Fig. 3.1 shows a type of insect that feeds from the inside of the stem of a plant.
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(b) Explain why the insect will obtain food from the stem but will obtain litfle water,

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{c} The insects that,feed on the plant stem are eaten by birds. Draw and label pyramid
a of
numbers forthis food chain"

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4 Fig, 4,1 shows a modelthat represents structures in the human thorax.

air ln air out

A

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rubber sheet

Fig.4.t
(a) Name the structures represented by the parts labelled A and B in Fig. 4.1.

A .............

B ,.,rrrr*r.

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\-- (bl State two ways in which the model shown in Fig. 4.1 does not accurately represent the
breathing system of a human.

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(c) state and explain differences in the composition of air breathed in compared to air breathed
out

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(d) Name one component of cigarette smoke and explain the harm that this component causes.

narn$ of component , r.. i

harm cau$gd ..,..rir. rr,

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5 Fig. 5.1 shows the position of a person's leg before and after being tapped below the knee.

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{a} ti} Name the type nf action shown by the leg in Fig. S.1.

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(ii) Describe the pathway taken by impulsee that cause the leg to move in the direction
shown.

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(iii) State the part of the brain that an impulse will travel to after the action shown in Fig. 5.1
so that the person becomqs aware that their leg has moved.
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Section B

Ansuuen all questions"

S ta} ilefine the term mherufar?Ge.

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(b) Two black mice were mated to produce the first offspring, which were all black. One of the
black offspring was then mated with a white mou$e to produce equal numbers of black and
white mice in the second offspring.

Use the letter 'B'to represent the dominant allele of the gene for fur colour and the letter'b'
to represent the recessive allele, Use the information above to complete the genetic diagram
\*. below.

genotypes of first parents H

gariletes

Senotypes CIf first offspring

phenotype of first offspring

phenutypes of second parents hlack x urrhite

genotypes of $esond parents

L
gametes

genotype$ of secoild offspring

phenotypes of second offsprin$ f,ffi]

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7 (a) Describe the large scale production of penicillin, using the fungus penicittium.

i I t a a a a t I I I I t r a r., r f r a '-+*$*:

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t a a t t r I I r a r r a a r r !, t r !t r !,t t I i I a, r t D I I L
t t r; a a i

I I r f r l I I

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I r a r r a t r t il t a t a t I r a r I r t r a a r r.. r | ! t a, t.

th} Descrlbe the medicinsl irnportance of penicillin

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8 (a) Describe how the liver, and two named hormones produced by the pancreas, control the
glucose concentration in the blood.

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(b) Describe how the water content of a person's blood is kept constant after drinking a Iarge
amount of water.

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