 break INTO PARTS

 destroy COMPLETELY
 to damage means that it doesn’t look or work PROPERLY

Упражнение 1. Переведите на русский язык.

creature, extinct, species, endanger, damage, wildlife,

habitat, destroy, cure, development, size, weight, cardboard,
include, rainforest, mammal, insect

Упражнение 2. Подберите слово из упражнения 1 к определению ниже.

1. A kind of animal no longer existing
2. To cause danger to a living being
3. A group of plants and animals of the same kind
4. A place where an animal or a plant is found
5. An animal or being of some kind
6. To damage so much that it’s completely ruined
7. To put in smth else
8. To make a disease go away by medical treatment

Упражнение 3

1. Rain forests ___________________(to disappear) nowadays.

2. People have ________________(to destroy) a lot of wildlife.
3. They ________________ (to collect) a lot of litter at the seaside last month.
4. We must _______________(to pay attention to) these problems as soon as
possible.
5. We are happy ____________(to survive) on the earth.
6. The children _____________(to water) the trees by the moment it got dark.
7. I ________________(to walk) on the beach when I saw a big jelly fish.
8. Our problems _______________(not to disappear) in future.

1. Keep your country tidy. — Береги природу.

2. Keep off the grass. — По газонам не ходить.
3. Put litter in the bin. — Не сорите.
4. RRR. Reduce. Reuse. Recycle. — Сокращайте. Используйте повторно.
Перерабатывайте.
Упражнение 4. Выберите правильный вариант.
1. Does this businessman realise the damage these chemicals do to the
(environmental / environment) _____________ in our town?
2. Local government (местные власти) should support the idea of recycling
and provide each house with bins for different types of (to waste / waste)
________________.
3. If we want to protect our environment, lots of things should be changed in
our life, but first of all we should improve (ecological / ecologist)
____________ education.
4. To reduce (Чтобы уменьшить) air (to pollute / pollution) ______________
people should use public transport. Too many people use their own cars.
5. If we want to keep our beautiful beaches as the main tourist (to attract /
attraction) ____________ we must protect them from litter pollution.
6. If you care about the protection of the environment and you want to be
healthy, you should buy only (nature / natural) ______________ food with
no added chemicals.
Упражнение 5. Выберите правильный вариант.
1. _______ is threatening the lives of animals and plants (dirty air, pollution,
poisonous air)
2. An earthquake is a __________ event (physical, natural, real)
3. Anything will grow in this dark rich ________. (soil, land, ground)
4. “Let’s take the baby outside,” she suggested. “We all need some ________
air” (pure, clear, fresh)
5. There is world wide concern about the desctruction of the __________.
(tropical woods, rainforests, rainy forests)
6. Tigers ___________because hunters kill them in order to sell their skins
(run the risk, are insecure, are in danger)
7. Instead of dropping litter in the streets, we should use litter _________.
(bags, bins, baskets)
8. ___________, air and water pollution are among the most serious
environmental problems. ( The warming of the planet, The world’s warming,
Global warming)
9. Greenpeace try to prevent a lot of environmental _________. (disasters,
tragedies, accident)
10.We should save energy by using ________ power and wind power. (solar,
sun, sunny)

Упражнение 6. Выберите правильный вариант.

1. Animals are losing their ________ as growing cities cause the countryside to
disappear (habitats, places of living, living spaces)
2. In remote regions , the air is pure and the crops are free of poisonous
_________. (chemistry, ingredients, insecticides)
 3. Many species of animal life have been shot to the verge of _______.
( extinction, destruction, elimination)
4. ________ rain is mostly found in North America and Europe. (chemicals,
sour, acid)
5. In my family we always take empty bottles to a ____________ bin.
(recycling, reusing, reprocessing)
6. Yesterday I read a very interesting newspaper article about ____________
mountain gorillas. (dangerous, endangered, damaged)
7. Dangerous chemicals from factories are ________ into oceans, rivers and
streams, killing fish. (thrown, poured, splashed)
8. People say that fewer than 1,000 blue whales __________ in the Southern
Hemisphere. (survive, remain alive, cling to life)
9. People who live in a big city continuously suffer from car exhaust _______.
(smoke, gases, fumes)
10.If people refuse to buy_____ or other goods which come from species of
animals, we could save their lives. (furs, wool, skin)
Упражнение 7. Переведите на английский язык.

живое существо, окружающая среда, защита окружающей среды,

количество, авария, бедствие, атмосфера, развитие, экологическое
равновесие, промышленность, промышленные отходы, переработка,
упаковка, питьевая вода, химический, ядерный, химикаты, отходы,
вредный, редкий, научный, глобальное, увеличивать, вымирать,
исчезать, истощаться, загрязнять, заражать, подвергать опасности,
защищать, сохранять, сберегать, решать

Упражнение 8. Выберите правильный вариант.

1. Smoking … your health. (dangers, endangers)
2. Greenpeace works to … awareness of the dangers that threaten our planet
today.(promote, improve)
3. Apes are on the … of extinction (edge, verge)
4. Losing twenty million acres of tropical rain forests every year is a ….
(disadvantage, disaster)
5. Tigers are … and killed for their body parts which are used in medicine.
(hunted, haunted)
6. Oceans are currently a big dumping ground for tons of toxic… and sewage.
(waste, packing)
7. There are no more than two hundred and fifty … of sharks in the world.
(species, kinds)
8. Storms and heavy rains often cause great … to property. (damage, loss)
9. Some factories and plants … poisonous substances into the atmosphere.
(increase, release)
 10.People are not doing their best to … an ecological catastrophe.
(avoid, prevent)

Упражнение 9 Образуйте существительные от данных ниже глаголов

1. to damage —
2. to pollute —
3. to astonish —
4. to breathe —
5. to measure —
6. to conserve —
7. to poison —
8. to exist—
9. to lose —
10.to choose —

Text 1. Help Wild Animals

I think it is necessary to help wild animals. Many of them are in danger now. For
example, pandas which live in the jungle and white bears which live in the Arctic.

White bears eat fish. If people pollute rivers and seas, animals die.

All woods are home to animals and birds. It is important to take care of them. If
trees are damaged and flowers and grass are cut, birds and animals will become
instinct.

Each of us can do something to help nature. We must not frighten animals and
birds. We must never break plants or baby trees.

There are a lot of ways to help our planet. We must take care of it.

Questions:
1. How does the growth of cities influence nature?
2. How can people help wild animals?

Text 2. Climatic Changes

Words:
1. carbon dioxide — углекислый газ
2. oxygen — кислород
3. heat – тепло
4. to get in — пропускать
5. to get out — выпускать
 Climate is a weather a certain place has over a long period of time. Climate has a
very important influence on plants, animals and humans and is different in
different parts of the world.
But recently the climate has changed a lot, especially in Europe. Scientists think
that the reason is greenhouse effect. It is caused by carbon dioxide (углекислый
газ). Carbon dioxide is produced when we burn things. Also people and animals
breathe in oxygen and breathe out carbon dioxide. As you know, trees take this
gas from air and produce oxygen. But in the last few years people have cut down
and burn big areas of rainforest. This means that there are fewer trees and
more carbon dioxide.
This gas in the atmosphere works like glass in a greenhouse. It lets heat get in, but
it doesn’t let much heat get out. So the atmosphere becomes warmer.
Greenhouse effect is sometimes called global warming.
Questions:
1. What is climate like?
2. What do you know about greenhouse effect?
3. What role does carbone dioxide play in the process of global warming?

Text 3. Environmental problems (for pre-intermediate)

Words:
1. severely polluted — сильно загрязнены
2. harmful substances — вредные вещества

We are the caretakers of the earth. We know that polluted air, water and land are
harmful to plants, animals and people. In Russia there a lot of regions which are
severely polluted. It is plants that pollute our atmosphere with tons of harmful
substances. These are very dangerous wastes. They go into the air and are carried
by winds for great distances.

60% of the air pollution is caused by different means of transport: cars, trucks,
buses.

Then we must remember that when we use aerosol sprays, we destroy the ozone
layer which protects the Earth from the dangerous ultraviolet rays of the sun.

The list of serious environmental problems can be continued …..

Questions:
1. What kinds of pollution can you name?
2. What is the main source of air pollution?
3. What do you know about the ozone layer?

Text 4. Green Peace

Green Peace is an international environmental organization which fights against
the pollution of the environment. It was founded in 1969 by a group of Canadian
environmentalists. Members of Green Peace appear in the places where the
environment is endangered. They always act fast.

The world knows about the Green Peace action to stop hunting whales or killing
baby seals. They block the way to the ships that try to dump waste, and work hard
to create a nuclear-free world.

The activity of Green Peace often annoys governments, companies and people who
don’t care about the future of the world.

Green Peace has offices in many countries, including Russia. People, who can’t
take part in Green Peace actions directly support this organization with money.

Green Peace members are often called “greens”. The “greens” are group of people
whose aim is protection of natural things, e.g. plants and animals.
Questions:
1. How can we save the world’s wildlife?
2. What do you know about Green Peace?
3. Would you like to join the organization?

Text 5. Green Fuel

Words:
1. fuel — топливо
2. biotechnology [ˌbaɪəutek’nɔləʤɪ] – биотехнология
3. environmentally friendly — экологически чистый
4. to derive from– получать, извлекать
5. emission – выделение
6. to penetrate — завоевывать, проникать
7. finite – ограниченный, исчерпаемый
8. fossil – ископаемое
A new low-cost fuel is being developed by a biotechnology company. It is
called biobutanol and is expected to be the best environmentally friendly fuel for
transport.
Butanol is derived from waste plant material (biomass) and is an attractive
replacement for petrol.
It reduces not only CO2 emissions but also our dependence on finite fossil fuels.
The UK’s Minister for Science said: “The development of biofuels is expected to
play a major part in reducing transport emissions. Climate change is a huge global
problem. We believe the UK must put its best efforts towards developing the new
technologies.”
Questions:
1. How can people save nature resources?
 2. What is the most promising fuel of the future?
3. Why is butanol environmentally-friendly?

Text 6. Ecological Problems

Ecology is a science which studies the relationship between all forms of life on our
planet and the environment.

Since ancient times Nature has served Man, giving him everything he needs: air to
breathe, food to eat, water to drink, wood for building and fuel for heating his
home. For thousands of years people lived in harmony with the environment and it
seemed to them that the resources of Nature had no end or limit.

With the industrial revolution our negative influence on Nature began to increase.
Large cities with thousands of polluting plants and factories can be found
nowadays all over the world. They pollute the air we breathe, the water we drink,
the fields where our crops are grown. Big cities suffer from smog. Cars with their
engines have become the main source of polluting in industrial countries.

Vast forests are cut down everywhere for the needs of industries. As a result many
kinds of animals, birds, fish and plants are disappearing nowadays.

The pollution of the air and the world’s oceans and the thinning the ozone layer are
the other problems arising from men’s careless attitude to ecology.

Active measures should be taken to save the life on our planet. There is an
international organization called Greenpeace which is doing much to preserve the
environment.
Questions to the text on ecological problems:
1. Why are the wild animals in danger?
2. What climatic changes are the most threatening?
3. Is there any way to make our air cleaner
4. What is Green Peace?
5. What are the main ecological problems?

Text 7. Protection of the Environment in Russia

There are many big and small rivers, green forests, high mountains, lakes and seas
in Russia. There are a lot of industrial enterprises in our country, that’s why we
can’t ignore the problem of the protection of our environment. In Russia and
former Soviet republics there are some areas where the environment is in poor
state. It is the Aral Sea, Lake Baikal and Chernobyl. We have to control
atmospheric and water pollution, to study man’s influence on the climate.
The pollution of the environment influences the life of animals, plants and human
life. If we don’t use chemicals in a proper way we’ll pollute our environment. Our
plants and factories put their waste materials into water and atmosphere and pollute
the environment. There are many kinds of transport in our big cities, that ‘s why
we must pay attention to the protection of our nature and the health of the people.

Now radiation has become one of the main problems. It is not good for health of
people. Many people died from radiation some years ago in Chernobyl. It was a
tragedy.

Another problem is earthquakes. We know some terrible earthquakes in the world.

Our scientists try to forecast earthquakes, then we can protect ourselves from them.

The people all over the world do everything to protect nature, to make their
country richer, to make their life happier. We need to haves laws and decisions on
this important subject.

Text 8. Environmental problems (for upper-intermediate)

Words:
1. exceptionally – исключительно
2. interference – вмешательство
3. degree — степень
4. involve – вовлекать
5. industrial enterprises –промышленные предприятия
6. in addition to – в добавление к
7. present — представлять
8. a threat – угроза
9. a source – источник
The present environmental problems have
become exceptionally urgent. If many years ago people lived
in harmony with the environment, today their interference in
the Nature has reached such a degree that it becomes
dangerous for their lives. And if the same tendencies
remain for the next years, our planet will soon become
uninhabited. The ecological problems are not the problems
of a single isolated country. They are global in character
and involve all countries in the world. The ecological
problems have much in common. The main problem is
pollution. It is not a secret that every year more and
more industrial enterprises are built.
And they have a very bad effect on the environment. They
pollute the air we breathe, the water we drink and the land
that grain and vegetables grow on.

In addition to air pollution people upset the oxygen balance of

our planet because people cut down forests and woods. One
of the most dangerous things is radiation. There is a greаt
number of nuclear power stations. They have many
advantages for the industry, but they present a threat for the
life.
Nature is a source of our life and destroying it we destroy
ourselves. People forget that natural resources are not
endless even though they seem unlimited. Nature has
enough resources for the present generation. But their
amount becomes less with every year. To protect nature is a
duty of all people.

1. There is a list of most common environmental problems.

2. There are different kinds of pollution, such as land pollution, water
pollution, air pollution.
3. The main cause of pollution is industrial plants.
4. Cutting down forests and woods has a bad effect on our environment.
5. Also air pollution is caused by car fumes.
6. Sometimes for the sake of profit people of business destroy nature and the
wildlife.
7. People forget that natural resources are not endless.
8. Nuclear power present a threat to our lives.
9. To protect nature is to take care of future generations.

Questions on the topic «Ecological problems»

1. What can common people do to protect nature (to stop pollution)? / What
measures should be taken to protect nature?
2. What can you personally do to help nature?
3. Why is it dangerous to pollute land?
4. What can pollution of air and water lead to?
5. What can you say about global warming?
6. What do you know about Green Peace?
7. Why are the nuclear power stations so dangerous for people? What do you
know about Chernobyl?
 8. Why are forests important for life on the Earth?
9. What are the main ecological problems nowadays?
10.What must people do to protect wild animals?
11.Do you think that life was better in the past (the air was cleaner, the water
was purer)?
12.What may happen to our planet if our interference in the Nature remains the
same?
13.What are advantages and disadvantages of the industrial progress?
14.What is the dramatic result of cutting down forests and woods?
15.What would you suggest to attract people to the problems of pollution and
ecology?
16.What can you say about the present ecological situation? Is the problem of
environmental protection urgent today?
17.What does nature give to man?
18.How is the problem solved today?
19.Is acid rain damaging to nature?
20.What do you know about radioactive contamination of environment?
21.Why do some species of animals and plants disappear from the Earth?
22.What cause the “greenhouse effect”?
23.Has anything been done to solve ecological problems?
24.What does the ozone layer protect the Earth from?
25.Where does the carbon dioxide come from?

...At school we are doing projects on major environmental problems in big cities.
Could you help me? Please, tell me about the main ecological problem In your
area. What does the City Council do in order to solve it? Are you personally
involved in any environmental activities? What are they?

As for me, I am planning to take part in voluntary work in summer. My friends

and I are going to create footpaths in Yellowstone National Park. I'm sure it will be
exciting!

Write back to Jason. In your letter:

- answer his questions

- ask 3 questions about his summer voluntary work

Write 100 – 140 words. Remember the rules of letter writing.