Production of penicillin ~Fesentohon yeaxe) provides all Phe necesrory ou teiends ir Susthad icilitgn qt well in the conditions (24°C) = wed _wgar eu eee eee Py = We aMinenud sald fo make nucPle acta? * Sticcing sedate jer fg anism Suspended 9 2 hore access a nudity a ae Hout Scant ae Ahtugh out «hic: = pronder oxygen for fig to | respite mga she aera B 103 ‘ n starts, 20 = aa sue lb conilonl, wat lia production. ty fermentoabion is complete. 6.1 Nutnionts core 1+ Ustthe chemical ements that make up + exonytas + te 4+ Doscrite the cymes of ange moleues fom imple sats to stach and geosen acd wo proteins + faty as a hoot nts aes= 0610 oo RM i Chemical composition of gute + Carbohydrates; Carbon, hydrogen, ory 920 + Fat: Goxbon, hydogen, axgyee + Proteins: Coubon, hydozen, otygen , nitrogen, aulphwe, Synthesis of lage molecules fom smaller one> =] Mag" stag nada Gna sage san Ihade by joing aay sine anger lecale> Fogethe, Ponts ote sfasch Gr c_ 099, Line tyne? dla ais jot at ghane Peak ach Fl ierelgnen Sinaloa hinge RT Glee a coupes cat, enetgy fot, for oainals ft bateed a fhe Tivol aad MHI 5 con be broken down i need ol + How protein ove mage €iom omine cacidd: Feofeins ove long chains of amino acid joined Jogether by peplin bonds. The sequence of ani acids detemnes the type ef ptoteia «How fa axe mode Gon fally acids and glycaial: Foch {fo rolecule is made up of one wolecale of glycerol attached fo Canes fatty cad. Differt fatty acids form di€reent fats ibe tat To starch oc soln fis ead soon! + Desert the se of microns he ce importance of feo nds, with recone 0 yooh oc single cel poten + Dosoibe the ves, benefis an heath rug scooted et fod a9, crete inking etre | tains ans ont i ‘+ minora saits (calcium and iron ony! | | + exe ovatooe) i 1+ Dsscie the decency syngtoms for + iain (Cand © ont inal sats eleum ad ian enUre of micro erganiym> in the food induutry + Tomo ke yoghu! [Bacteria Oded to milk, spicing camercbically. wing Eee ee oot ae wd uf), This pro lactic acid, bwering the — plLon ame 1e_milk to a + Te make rotern : __[Bycopeeein St a aa he fungu> (Ewovienl b> » wale E wn oxyg sg, slucae (for enefg4\, Pireral volts ond ommo® 14 fo make amit aadr. Hycoptotein iy low in fat, Chemical fests for foo a If matenal is solid, mate af exttact f iy gto ih indling with cae [petty adding wom tah, then Ged Pad Sem? of feat piocteral in dal fube, ond a i en” of redid) Raga » Heat in a water bath me __ [2-0 ipttate yadical mng_sugal ee Tek for stoxch: C [Place about Jew of ferbmalerial in tet tube, add o few drops of Jodine oolufion. A blue black colow indicates sfaich — faa reel — See J. Pd Som? of tet-maderial 0 test tube Add a few dio oulfhale solupion Colbued by scdiun byl a B.A purple cole a ndiales protein ett z 1 Gor fa tees. seman LRA Few of material in fet tbe, 693. Sem? OF ethatel ther shahe. Add. Sem’ oF water then shake ( wale mut be cold| 7. Clowdy eg peacance indicates fat= obo ee wo RM Nutrient!» im the hunt diet Trent Rich Good sousce) [What nutriont 0 needed For Castodydeate| + ee Yo provide immediate souce| eae of eneigy + me to replace or repair ete sail eainal cali + butter to pronde o. long-term eS + chee eae store Fibre + Bran cereals absorbs Prion fion bacleria in + cabbage + grevents constipation * food “chemical reaction) Ie ele + dark sles Vigemiacy Wis Vitamins and Nines: Nome | rich food sowices | we in body deficiency symplon orange) ue raja |» bleeding gums Nitoa'n) enon reise seal Crag a other cilrw fui | disease > fish oil sobsorbtion of + Soft bone? itl alk (bles | kau “lesp bow oulwad> C smade by skin in sun _|esttengthens bones @ feeth| (riche ds\ + Meat formation of | + tiredness Tron |+ egg» haemoglobin + lock of energy 99: 9 20249 «wor (anoea'a\ __femilh + Stren gthers boney| + weak hilfle bone Gleiue |+ Goh and teeth cond teeth (cickes) + gree vegetable | ee veatness 4 crops Food additives Colouring: replace colowe last during processing = may comse asthma, hyperactivity in children @case tuo, “TPreeciotwes: Prevent Food From Aecompooing reat od foul Fi Flayowsings: enhonce flaxow = oy couse bronchiolitis bly reals Atobilivers fat eil fo mix with walor = may cause diatthoea, oF convtipaiOR- yl E | & | Fe Eee ec tel ir 00 eee ce emer ia 7.621) ove + st IER he fundamental ross yw as maroc | Sitnaes fom mater ng enry ‘om + Satothewordeqsten foe produto ot sie sas nen + ivostat the reesty or rn ht tate donde or ghotonen ng Zooropa cone Orch ae con nia var byte Esp tat isn ap ight nea and ont em ney fr ne oon ‘cates rd Wer aun sage Photosynthess Supplement State the baancod equation for photesytheasin symtels 60, +0— ails, 0, +60, + vestige an stata tho fc of varying ih istansity \ Ge- starch plant by Kewing in the doxk for 48 hows Lithoke due that you axe only changing one faclor af a fi me Or: Saseis ( Berle gloat ina of leaé inj a. NOiegated, ubite)| 3-ercloe past io | 2, lowe aul of lea Fe ee ea RO | bag wth oda fre | leowe Coro obi Then A. teak For stowch 4.40 sone without test for starch Only gion path _go Yve-black Seda line only wher vered podbs Sileae Gor a utile, | Go blue-Hack ( hen a fox ouch, negate Feeorilslag ante + Light which pievide eneigy *Chiasofhyl | which abyorbs energy Fam light to make cov bohydrates + Loses @ hich diffes into he leaf from the air reat which is abyorbed by the plage’ cot) ect of ing light intensily © ale of pholosynthan 3 + Ay light jotemity increases the rate of ( q| photooynthesip iieasey , bul only wp fo a point 3 shen 0 certain atensity is feached the rate camain> conn) -senedhing ebe ip bivhig the ede Ta neaiy Effect o€ vosying CO concorfiation on the rake of pholaynthan = similar to light intensity — Eccect of varying temperate on the rate of cespivation Ay Lempormbuce ineteases, the Cake of ghofsyn thesis increared, butonly whl on opfimun bem. otter which rote decreases rthis iy becawe the enzymey ia the chloroplast) axe denatwed einer cag eneLimiting feclocs Tor olay ie len aco oe: igh inkouily, 4am perolwe and coxbon diende concehlration Glasshouse ptoducdgn ma Crdiion no ge howe allow dep to grow =e the yeas Lod in places they would el normally grew. t = Ten; ; a = electric healers used in cold weather |= vorhloting fp) cool the glesshowe on hot choy» a light ‘ 1 a Sap Saieenm as 52 ane = artificial light Eto dofk, blind, if toe brigh F +! Gabon dioxide ; Sea ee aia = with quay ait spaces in befueen Tk boas xylem yexel> bring water ond salts, ehloew tubes bri duced food (qlucore ) ava + Lowa efidermi> no thick cubicle, has stonala te allow gases fo défuie In and out of the leaf. Chloroplast d iies bution Mosk of she chloroplasts ove Found in the palioede nesophyll Thy i> become the palvade mesophyll » near the top of He leaf so that fhe chloroplast) can abyg(b mannan lights Soma ta The stomata axe in the lower epidermis. This is 20 that dhe gasoy will hare ditect acces 10 the airspaces, 26 the 90.0 cap easily difwe in and owt of thetouyn the sisiny cel Vascular bund le \. The vasctlay buidles traasport water ond ital yalls fo the laf L. They else Support fhe leaf 2 Hat Hae ahiorh moxrruet sun igh @ore Supplement + Desetetheimportene of + Eran he afc af ritate on a 1 rte ons fer potain syrtosis magnesium on dtcioncy on lank aot + magnesiumions for esoropyl synthesis + escrite the uses, andthe dangers of overuse, of nivogen eters | inet ol Use in plants cea RTERE | —PRagneaiue [= production of claegh Teaye look yellow | A Ng? (ONCE | Nitfoke “| sproduchion of aminoacids | + peorgrowth | et» NOx (wed in protem,horrane el 3 Sh ea) —_[Niftoyan fertilnen =a (LEU ya an da nate axils fo replace he mining pileyen, [Te Rhe sol doo got cattsin enough nifrale, Cound and grea? mag Howeiet, phere b a donge of oveiwe- eutrophication + Fertilver com fe washed info water syatemy- leaching + The Ger tiltser stimulates the growth of algae 63-Avinat-Nocbeton ——— +Anitaly that eat algae do net mnttigly fast enough fo contol their giowth Algae cover the yulface, plaad below hie without light Algae ole die Weeawe of ovecpopulat + Decom posers pulls Seka aerol 1) Cede ion i a hically, ceducing oxygen concen | fation, 30 lafger animals inh vdieo Se 03:1 Oi Cora + Soto whitis meant by he sales et ar ceerts a alnced det ado, se at ofan ind Describe the eft of matnutton rin “| oration, coronary heart sea, constipation» 0610 om RM Balanced diet A baloned die} iy a dict thot keep you healthy, awoidiag deFicency diseoser- Ik containyall the nujviea fhe bodynegds ia the coftect quashities The nutri needed ove the some foreach person, but the quaatity WO4ie) according to age, ex oud activity bevel. + Age ~ Childien need east piotia thay adulfs becowe they ave fowing. Also, youn: le need more energy to iow, pie eget aii a ald et + Sex- Noles requile more energy thas fanales Che cowe trey ove ay gully Wage and need mote eneigy fol bedy maintenaace sAdwilylevel An active person require? mote eaggy thaw an iMachve re, fot work ond mannan: Molnutrsion + Staxvastion eaulh io a very low body ma with Jack of fat and murcle wasting, plusa lack of cesirtagce te infections Owing sfouvation the body fam) on tb 19%) of coctohydyater , Fart ond protein or engigy * Geonots huts r,comsecl by a bbchage of the co mry alesis RR Foclo: jet high in salwated fala, aletty, omtoking, lack of exercises steer) genetics (CHD ruin fanilien), 99° CCHD increases Likelihood withage), sex (mennoce likely fe get cH?) + Guligatyn ; Reughage ot fibre i> tntfy claat ino balonced diel i b ane butstimulate muck» of the gut wall to contract aed move food along: If the God moves to slowly it will eu in_comiga.trot making i hail te defecate “| Dbeaity & cowed by conduating too mich food, ondh _puifiy ono lot Salt eth Oeil tg de Coal gs bea 29h slate He Romcadal[weight Cor one) Nest or hasing a BH of ovel 40. Ob? 14y U camel by a high intake o€ falty food cand 0 lock of ereccve- Obesity can. ead $0 (tb lens vu oy: heow + dive0. i abeter, [igh blood press ond arth thi. 2.631 Food Supely steers ce ae, {632 Food supply _ a | Core Supplement a) Daceasamanaintosineon | "Exon tases et —] Rater sycnes |” Getesascenaen so sm | foblemy of Work Food Jupplien il There iy enough food ut dvtributio® & unequal People 1 eidain areas Cerpecially the horn of Africa) com sufeer fron food slotlages of eve) famine. Feactots_cottributing 40 famine “Diath alealaD i us sluih koe | unenual dolrbutioo of food Joss (oupply routes conpromived) «lech plagues (eg locwls) + poverty “+ Increasing. populale amore mouths bo fe, + overex pbitel y> 10 which todd 0 ggreultwal machi + cheical fertilives + peshicidey & herbicides _+ genetic modi fication syeléctive breeding soc bificial selection3 Hadas Al meray (aaslioeit Imiivill kno Inomesba, PELE { ce Haran alimentary canal | betes fl Sess, | is ne ve ng oot fdas | manu, panera rg testing: colon and rectum, anus functions of th gins ofthe \yeaal sted above, n relation igostion, absorp, asimiaton mot ood (rss erence 62.4 463.7 omachond the small ialeshing, the swaill intes ine, where absorbtion occws2163.4 peat 16.24 Moctancl and physica gestion 1+ Desert the process of chewing Mechoaiccr! ond Physical figestion Supplamant Define Besa: th breakoom of age, ineolbl ood molaculs inte sal water ‘solble malaces using mesial and dently he types of human ee and deste ructue and fonetons State the eaoses of dents! decay sd describe tho groper ca of eoth + Desribe how there reduces oath day es ee frida t pubic water supp [Deserie the oo longitudinal nd reuse Cust he rol of ile ners ft, to merese the surface ae forthe acton ot = Inc iors are chisel-shaged for buiing and cuthng + Coaier oye pointer aad shoup for piercing and deowng + Premolars haxe FWo uneven cusp? fF Jfind + Malas owe 3-4 uneven cusps For grinding dad chewing Tooth decay (dental deaw) gael | Bowl min ith sain f frm plaque which sche fh —Dbpcteria pice anaerobiath, a Sugas leftin teeth info ood 2) ee Acid attacks enone! then dentine When it caches te pulp cavity, seyore bothache, [Preventing detlal decay ie * 7 Regulodls bewhing feofh with et teothiwh + Regularly viiting the deqbit™ iting the. + Avoi ding 94g ory foods lice? Garde Sea | she0g thany enaate!ae prt fovtioa RE Kqumenh for aed ogaint the addition of flouride fo wafel For: AGAINST +Fluoride Mentha ename), + People Feel they should be given woking teeth mor reifort to acid the choi fo dvin K flow datel water + Reduce tooth decay + Long-term health effects ace uak noun Chewing. + Incvor and canine teeth bile food into chuaks = Thea plemo lass ond molars grind the chug 3 ime y maller pieces, jqcreasiag swiface feo so Bae amylase con be more effective «the tongue mires the food wath sali, which contains awylare aad vhich lwbriates the food te make swallowing ea she. Peristalsis t ical acer cae fathract + Perulalso mali a wade of Muscular eng adie | he contacton that squeeze the foed elu, eres ty tana, fe stomach en ttekend The food bolw, the circular mucky | Psa @ contiact, pushing it along ¥ t[n Front o¢ the polw the circular nucle relax and the longituoh sal moc contract fo wiken the oesophagus fallow the ood to nove along Bile Bile is alkaline and nostro acids in He aforach to achioe the optinut 9H for digestive enzyme? Loge globule ae food bal oerophage “Bile emubifin fab by breahing dout loige globule of ft intg Staller ones this increases Juface afea for lipaye ehaymes fo.act onthe fat.163: Alle [| 5 _Chenica) Digedin 835 Chenicat digestion ore Sto he sigatience of choca digestion in aaa the siren aralin producing sma, soue rolocis that can be absorbed 1+ state waar, the alimentary cal, ems, protease and nese eneymes ara screed State te tunctions typ arse 3 pioteassand pase sing he sibsrate and Feed enolecyley cannot be Awmiolved be cane they cre too ig They pater he eae of the olinentory coal Enzyme [Whee tb pladacel| Subirates] Prodach Ariylae |salvony glonds, poaciear| starch maltose Protease ponctea? protein | pmino acids Lipave ‘poncieas fobs lalycerd, fally ach 2.63.6 Absocbhon Asay + Deine isopuen as mavnertatdgestes | + Desete te stun of avis, cudng bef — 6.316 Absorption - Core Sseppiement food maeedes tvough tewal of te ntesine | rl of capilanes and ates the blood or hana 1 State th rl ofthe pat poral vin nthe denny me sma ast asthe eon forthe | wanspr of absorbed food 10h or aseat shoot of gested ood + Init herle of he sma itesine sad ‘+ Describe the sigicane of vilin increasing | colon absorption of wate he sins ‘hein sraee ata of hesmallmtestne | absats5-10.<” per day. the coon 03-05) [athe anallintgtins w y's iantonthedinatHia tet ahe froducts of Ayestion — The small intestine ond colon (lage inteshiee) ae alo ingen ta the aie cs of water : = small infetine absorbs S-10dm’ per day = eolon absolp> 0-3-0-T om? vila= 0610 RN ESP [SN aa ae The lining ofthe doen is filed uith many. Finger lite wil Blood. cagillaxy amine aads ond. sug 04 molecules (maltose) olinsohe theough the thin villus wall info the bod copillary Vvitlio wall + only one cell thick 0 subsfoncer can easily diffe thiough Lexcheal (lyaptcopi{lays) + Fatty acid cad qlycevol ore absorbed inte laches | Hood take food ndeculs te the wat oF the body. Aarts food ndkeule) ave qu'chl transported to the iver By the Repatic porta vein TL yogh cauties falty Spates blood coming fo villus Iyeph cing fo —> Villas Adog tochions of intestine f0F abnorbtion_ A. Very laige swface oven (4a!) > ifn long Cémin net adult), it is covered with FingerhRe vill, and the inner hiniag is folded. Li Lining is very thin 20 digested food ca eculy diffuse into Hod & Lymph 13. Good blood supply te maintain high caneentiation gradient 1.63.7 Anim! ation core = 1+ Octine assets movemantot digested | + + State tat: Hy [iver rervaves glucose 410m the blood aad stores it to form gl ycogen, hich con he broken doun back 4o lure if needed The iver manufactures protein {fom amino acid, and deominafes ercey> ataning acids |The liver is the ite of breakdown of alcohel and othe tating Fok top an lspnesgy stote The liver converts fatly acids ond seat ob, Ach at seed wader the skin axound the heat} aad ken Ore gramne of {at feleases more Han twice ay much eazy than = a | When the body needs enaigy, iF breaks down fat into a wale “energy Lome, 27 Transportabign —— ys41 = Set “Et Trompor tation in Ploa 7 pain ps 1 Core ies + State he tnt of am ad phloam + ennty tn postions of xvem and phloem L ‘isos a8 Seon taverse sctons of a ee __ a Function oF sgl ea ghleon ne Fron the wi 2, Flowers cult thraugh the stem. a orf vin one dicect!