CLASS XI

(2020-21)
BIOLOGY (Code No. 054)
Time: 3 Hrs Theory: 70 Marks
Practical: 25 Marks
Internal Assesment: 05Marks
Total: 100 Marks
Syllabus(THEORY)
Time:3 Hours Max. Marks:70

Unit Title No. of Periods Marks

I Diversity of Living Organisms 23 10
II Structural Organisation in 23 12
Plants and Animals
III Cell: Structure and Function 34 14
IV Plant Physiology 40 17
V Human Physiology 40 17
Total 160 70

Unit-I Diversity of Living Organisms

Chapter-1: The Living World

What is living? Biodiversity; Need for classification; three domains of life;

taxonomy and systematics; concept of species and taxonomical
hierarchy; binomial nomenclature; tools for study of taxonomy-
museums, zoological parks, herbaria, botanical gardens.

Chapter-2: Biological Classification

Five kingdom classification; Salient features and classification of Monera,

Protista and Fungi into major groups: Lichens, Viruses and Viroids.

Chapter-3: Plant Kingdom

Salient features and classification of plants into major groups - Algae,

Bryophyta, Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae and Angiospermae (three to five
salient and distinguishing features and at least two examples of each
category); Angiosperms - classification upto class, characteristic features
and examples.

Chapter-4: Animal Kingdom

Salient features and classification of animals, non-chordates up to phyla

level and chordates up to class level (three to five salient features and at
least two examples of each category).
(No live animals or specimen should be displayed.)

Unit-II Structural Organization in Animals and Plants

Chapter-5: Morphology of Flowering Plants

Morphology and modifications: Morphology of different parts of flowering

plants: root, stem, leaf, inflorescence, flower, fruit and seed (to be dealt
along with the relevant experiment of the Practical Syllabus).

Chapter-6: Anatomy of Flowering Plants

Anatomy and functions of different tissues and tissue systems.

Chapter-7: Structural Organisation in Animals

Animal tissues; Morphology, anatomy and functions of different systems

(digestive, circulatory, respiratory, nervous and reproductive) of an insect
(cockroach). (a brief account only)

Unit-III Cell: Structure and Function

Chapter-8: Cell-The Unit of Life

Cell theory and cell as the basic unit of life: Structure of prokaryotic and
eukaryotic cells; Plant cell and animal cell; cell envelope; cell membrane,
cell wall; cell organelles - structure and function; endomembrane system,
endoplasmic reticulum, golgi bodies, lysosomes, vacuoles; mitochondria,
ribosomes, plastids, microbodies; cytoskeleton, cilia, flagella, centrioles
(ultrastructure and function); nucleus.

Chapter-9: Biomolecules

Chemical constituents of living cells: biomolecules, structure and

function of proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids; Enzymes-
types, properties, enzyme action.

Chapter-10: Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Cell cycle, mitosis, meiosis and their significance

Unit-IV Plant Physiology

Chapter-11: Transport in Plants

Movement of water, gases and nutrients; cell to cell transport, diffusion,

facilitated diffusion, active transport; plant-water relations, imbibition,
water potential, osmosis, plasmolysis; long distance transport of water -
Absorption, apoplast, symplast, transpiration pull, root pressure and
guttation; transpiration, opening and closing of stomata; Uptake and
translocation of mineral nutrients - Transport of food, phloem transport,
mass flow hypothesis.

Chapter-12: Mineral Nutrition

Essential minerals, macro- and micronutrients and their role; deficiency

symptoms; mineral toxicity; elementary idea of hydroponics as a method
to study mineral nutrition; nitrogen metabolism, nitrogen cycle, biological
nitrogen fixation.

Chapter-13: Photosynthesis in Higher Plants

Photosynthesis as a means of autotrophic nutrition; site of

photosynthesis, pigments involved in photosynthesis (elementary idea);
photochemical and biosynthetic phases of photosynthesis; cyclic and
non-cyclic photophosphorylation;

chemiosmotic hypothesis; photorespiration; C3 and C4 pathways;

factors affecting photosynthesis.

Chapter-14: Respiration in Plants

Exchange of gases; cellular respiration - glycolysis, fermentation

(anaerobic), TCA cycle and electron transport system (aerobic); energy
relations - number of ATP molecules generated; amphibolic pathways;
respiratory quotient.

Chapter-15: Plant - Growth and Development

Seed germination; phases of plant growth and plant growth rate;

conditions of growth; differentiation, dedifferentiation and
redifferentiation; sequence of developmental processes in a plant cell;
growth regulators - auxin, gibberellin, cytokinin, ethylene, ABA; seed
dormancy; vernalisation; photoperiodism.

Unit-V Human Physiology

Chapter-16: Digestion and Absorption

Alimentary canal and digestive glands, role of digestive enzymes and

gastrointestinal hormones; Peristalsis, digestion, absorption and
assimilation of proteins, carbohydrates and fats; calorific values of
proteins, carbohydrates and fats; egestion; nutritional and digestive
disorders - PEM, indigestion, constipation, vomiting, jaundice, diarrhoea.

Chapter-17: Breathing and Exchange of Gases

Respiratory organs in animals (recall only); Respiratory system in

humans; mechanism of breathing and its regulation in humans -
exchange of gases, transport of gases and regulation of respiration,
respiratory volume; disorders related to respiration - asthma,
emphysema, occupational respiratory disorders.

Chapter-18: Body Fluids and Circulation

Composition of blood, blood groups, coagulation of blood; composition of

lymph and its function; human circulatory system - Structure of human
heart and blood vessels; cardiac cycle, cardiac output, ECG; double
circulation; regulation of cardiac activity; disorders of circulatory system
- hypertension, coronary artery disease, angina pectoris, heart failure.

Chapter-19: Excretory Products and Their Elimination

Modes of excretion - ammonotelism, ureotelism, uricotelism; human

excretory system – structure and function; urine formation,
osmoregulation; regulation of kidney function - renin - angiotensin, atrial
natriuretic factor, ADH and diabetes insipidus; role of other organs in
excretion; disorders - uraemia, renal failure, renal calculi, nephritis;
dialysis and artificial kidney, kidney transplant.

Chapter-20: Locomotion and Movement

Types of movement - ciliary, flagellar, muscular; skeletal muscle-

contractile proteins and muscle contraction; skeletal system and its
functions; joints; disorders of muscular and skeletal system - myasthenia
gravis, tetany, muscular dystrophy, arthritis, osteoporosis, gout.

Chapter-21: Neural Control and Coordination

Neuron and nerves; Nervous system in humans - central nervous system;

peripheral nervous system and visceral nervous system; generation and
conduction of nerve impulse; reflex action; sensory perception; sense
organs; elementary structure and functions of eye and ear

Chapter-22: Chemical Coordination and Integration

Endocrine glands and hormones; human endocrine system -

hypothalamus, pituitary, pineal, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pancreas,
gonads; mechanism of hormone action (elementary idea); role of
hormones as messengers and regulators, hypo - and hyperactivity and
related disorders; dwarfism, acromegaly, cretinism, goiter, exophthalmic
goiter, diabetes, Addison's disease.

Note: Diseases related to all the human physiological systems to be

taught in brief.
PRACTICALS

Evaluation Scheme
One Major Experiment Part 4 Marks
A (Experiment No-1,3,7.8)
One Minor Experiment 3 Marks
Part A (Experiment No-
6,9,10,11,12,13)
Slide Preparation Part A 3 Marks
(Experiment No-2,4,5)
Spotting Part B 7 Marks
Practical Record + Viva Credit to the 4 Marks
voce students work over
Project Record+Viva voce the academic 4 Marks
session may be
given
Total 25 Marks

A: List of Experiments

1. Study and description of three locally available common flowering

plants, one from each of the families Solanaceae, Fabacceae and Liliaceae
(Poaceae, Asteraceae or Brassicaceae can be substituted in case of
particular geographical location) including dissection and display of floral
whorls, anther and ovary to show number of chambers (floral formulae
and floral diagrams). Types of root (Tap and adventitious); stem
(herbaceous and woody); leaf (arrangement, shape, venation, simple and
compound).

2. Preparation and study of T.S. of dicot and monocot roots and stems
(primary).

3. Study of osmosis by potato osmometer.

4. Study of plasmolysis in epidermal peels (e.g. Rhoeo leaves).

5. Study of distribution of stomata in the upper and lower surface of

leaves.

6. Comparative study of the rates of transpiration in the upper and lower

surface of leaves.

7. Test for the presence of sugar, starch, proteins and fats. Detection in
suitable plant and animal materials.

8. Separation of plant pigments through paper chromatography.

9. Study of the rate of respiration in flower buds/leaf tissue and
germinating seeds.

10. Test for presence of urea in urine.

11. Test for presence of sugar in urine.

12. Test for presence of albumin in urine.

13. Test for presence of bile salts in urine.

B. Study/observation of the following (spotting)

1. Study of the parts of a compound microscope.

2. Study of the specimens/slides/models and identification with reasons

- Bacteria, Oscillatoria, Spirogyra, Rhizopus, mushroom, yeast, liverwort,
moss, fern, pine, one monocotyledonous plant, one dicotyledonous plant
and one lichen.

3. Study of virtual specimens/slides/models and identification with

reasons - Amoeba, Hydra, liverfluke, Ascaris, leech, earthworm, prawn,
silkworm, honeybee, snail, starfish, shark, rohu, frog, lizard, pigeon and
rabbit.

4. Study of tissues and diversity in shapes and sizes of plant and animal
cells (palisade cells, guard cells, parenchyma, collenchyma,
sclerenchyma, xylem, phloem, squamous epithelium, muscle fibers and
mammalian blood smear) through temporary/permanent slides.

5. Study of mitosis in onion root tip cells and animals cells (grasshopper)
from permanent slides.

6. Study of different modifications in roots, stems and leaves.

7. Study and identification of different types of inflorescence (cymose and

racemose).

8. Study of imbibition in seeds/raisins.

9. Observation and comments on the experimental set up for showing:

a) Anaerobic respiration

b) Phototropism

c) Effect of apical bud removal

10. Study of human skeleton and different types of joints with the help of
virtual images/models only.
11. Study of external morphology of cockroach through virtual
images/models.

Internal assesment:

Total = 05 Marks

Book Bank =2 marks

Average of Periodic assessment tests = 3 marks