BIOLOGY (Code No.
044)
Syllabus for 2021-22
CLASS – XI
Term-I
Unit Content Marks
I 15
Diversity of Living Organisms: Chapter - 1, 2, 3 and 4
II 08
Structural Organization in Plants and Animals: Chapter – 5 and 7
III 12
Cell: Structure and Function: Chapter – 8 and 9
Practical 15
Total 50
Term-II
Unit Content Marks
III 05
Cell: Structure and Function: Chapter - 10
IV 12
Plant Physiology: Chapter - 13,14 and 15
18
V
Human Physiology: Chapter –17, 18, 19, 20, 21 and 22
Practical 15
Total 50
Term – I
Unit-I Diversity of Living Organisms
Chapter-1: The Living World
What is living? Biodiversity; Need for classification; three domains of life; concept of species
and taxonomical hierarchy; binomial nomenclature.
Chapter-2: Biological Classification
Five kingdom classification; Salient features and classification of Monera, Protista and Fungi
into major groups; Lichens, Viruses and Viroids.
Chapter-3: Plant Kingdom
Salient features and classification of plants into major groups - Algae, Bryophyta, Pteridophyta
and Gymnospermae. (salient and distinguishing features and a few examples of each category).
Chapter-4: Animal Kingdom
Salient features and classification of animals, non-chordates up to phyla level and chordates up
to class level (salient features and distinguishing features of a few examples of each category).
(No live animals or specimen should be displayed.)
Unit-II Structural Organization in Animals and Plants
Chapter-5: Morphology of Flowering Plants
Morphology of inflorescence and flower, Description of 01 family: Solanaceae or Liliaceae (to
be dealt along with the relevant experiments of the Practical Syllabus).
Chapter-7: Structural Organization in Animals
Animal tissues.
Unit-III Cell: Structure and Function
Chapter-8: Cell-The Unit of Life
Cell theory and cell as the basic unit of life, structure of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells; Plant
cell and animal cell; cell envelope; cell membrane, cell wall; cell organelles - structure and
function; endomembrane system, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi bodies, lysosomes, vacuoles,
mitochondria, ribosomes, plastids, microbodies; cytoskeleton, cilia, flagella, centrioles
(ultrastructure and function); nucleus.
Chapter-9: Biomolecules
Chemical constituents of living cells: biomolecules, structure and function of proteins,
carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids; Enzymes- types, properties, enzyme action.
Practical Term-I
Part-A
Marks
One Major Experiment Experiment No. - 1 04
One Minor Experiment Experiment No. - 2 03
Part-B
Spotting B.1, 2, 3 03
(3 Spots of 1 mark each)
Practical Record + Investigatory Project& Record + Viva Voce 05
Total 15
Practicals should be conducted alongside the concepts taught in theory classes.
A: List of Experiments.
1. Study and describe a locally available common flowering plant, from any one family:
Solanaceae or Liliaceae (Poaceae, Asteraceae or Brassicaceae can be substituted in case of
particular geographical location) including dissection and display of floral whorls, anther and
ovary to show number of chambers (floral formulae and floral diagrams).
2. Study of osmosis by Potato osmometer.
B. Study/Observation of the following (spotting):
B.1 Parts of a compound microscope.
B.2 Specimens/slides/models and identification with reasons - Bacteria, Oscillatoria, Spirogyra,
Rhizopus, mushroom, yeast, liverwort, moss, fern, pine, one monocotyledonous plant, one
dicotyledonous plant and one lichen.
B.3 Virtual specimens/slides/models and identifying features of - Amoeba, Hydra,liverfluke,
Ascaris, leech, earthworm, prawn, silkworm, honeybee, snail, starfish, shark, rohu, frog, lizard,
pigeon and rabbit.
Practical Examination for Visually Impaired Students Class XI
Note: The ‘Evaluation schemes’ and ‘General Guidelines’ for visually impaired students as
given by CBSE may be followed.
A. Items for Identification/Familiarity with the apparatus /equipments/animal and
plant material / chemicals etc. for assessment in practicals (All experiments)
Plants of Solanaceae - Brinjal, Petunia, any other or Liliaceae- Any of the Lilies.
Compound microscope, Test tube, Petridish, Beaker, Scalpel.
B. List of Practicals:
1. Study one locally available common flowering plants of the family – Solanaceae or Liliaceae
and identify inflorescence/flower.
2. Study the parts of a compound microscope- eye piece and objective lens, mirror, stage, coarse
and fine adjustment knobs.
Term-II
Unit-III Cell: Structure and Function
Chapter-10: Cell Cycle and Cell Division
Cell cycle, mitosis, meiosis and their significance
Unit-IV Plant Physiology
Chapter-13: Photosynthesis in Higher Plants
Photosynthesis as a means of autotrophic nutrition; site of photosynthesis, pigments involved in
photosynthesis (elementary idea); photochemical and biosynthetic phases of photosynthesis;
cyclic and non-cyclic photophosphorylation; chemiosmotic hypothesis; photorespiration; C3 and
C4 pathways; factors affecting photosynthesis.
Chapter-14: Respiration in Plants
Exchange of gases; cellular respiration - glycolysis, fermentation (anaerobic), TCA cycle and
electron transport system (aerobic); energy relations - number of ATP molecules generated;
amphibolic pathways; respiratory quotient.
Chapter-15: Plant - Growth and Development
Growth regulators - auxin, gibberellin, cytokinin, ethylene, ABA.
Unit-V Human Physiology
Chapter-17: Breathing and Exchange of Gases
Respiratory organs in animals (recall only); Respiratory system in humans; mechanism of
breathing and its regulation in humans - exchange of gases, transport of gases and regulation of
respiration, respiratory volume; disorders related to respiration - asthma, emphysema,
occupational respiratory disorders.
Chapter-18: Body Fluids and Circulation
Composition of blood, blood groups, coagulation of blood; composition of lymph and its
function; human circulatory system - Structure of human heart and blood vessels; cardiac cycle,
cardiac output, ECG; double circulation; regulation of cardiac activity; disorders of circulatory
system - hypertension, coronary artery disease, angina pectoris, heart failure.
Chapter-19: Excretory Products and their Elimination
Modes of excretion - ammonotelism, ureotelism, uricotelism; human excretory system –
structure and function; urine formation, osmoregulation; regulation of kidney function - renin -
angiotensin, atrial natriuretic factor, ADH and diabetes insipidus; role of other organs in
excretion; disorders - uremia, renal failure, renal calculi, nephritis; dialysis and artificial kidney,
kidney transplant.
Chapter-20: Locomotion and Movement
Skeletal muscle, contractile proteins and muscle contraction.
Chapter-21: Neural Control and Coordination
Neuron and nerves; Nervous system in humans - central nervous system; peripheral nervous
system and visceral nervous system; generation and conduction of nerve impulse.
Chapter-22: Chemical Coordination and Integration
Endocrine glands and hormones; human endocrine system - hypothalamus, pituitary, pineal,
thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pancreas, gonads; mechanism of hormone action (elementary idea);
role of hormones as messengers and regulators, hypo - and hyperactivity and related disorders;
dwarfism, acromegaly, cretinism, goiter, exophthalmic goiter, diabetes, Addison's disease.
Note: Diseases related to all the human physiological systems to be taught in brief.
Practical Term-II
Part-A
Marks
One Major Experiment Experiment No. – 3,4 04
One Minor Experiment Experiment No. – 5,6,7 03
Part-B
Spotting B .4,5 03
(3 Spots of 1 mark each)
Practical Record + Investigatory Project& Record + Viva Voce 05
Total 15
Practicals should be conducted alongside the concepts taught in theory classes.
A: List of Experiments
3. Separation of plant pigments through paper chromatography.
4. Study of distribution of stomata in the upper and lower surfaces of leaves.
5. Study of the rate of respiration in flower buds/leaf tissue and germinating seeds.
6. Test for presence of sugar in urine.
7. Test for presence of albumin in urine.
B. Study/Observation of the following (spotting):
B.4 Tissues and diversity in shape and size of animal cells (squamous epithelium, smooth,
skeletal and cardiac muscle fibers and mammalian blood smear) through
temporary/permanent slides.
B.5 Mitosis in onion root tip cells and animal cells (grasshopper) from permanent slides.
Practical Examination for Visually Impaired Students Class XI
Note: The ‘Evaluation schemes’ and ‘General Guidelines’ for visually impaired students as
given by CBSE may be followed.
Practicals should be conducted alongside the concepts taught in theory classes.
A. Items for Identification/Familiarity with the apparatus /equipments/animal and
plant material / chemicals etc. for assessment in practicals (All experiments)
Mushroom, Succulents such as Aloe vera/Kalanchoe, Raisins, Potatoes.
Honey comb, Mollusc shell, Model of cockroach, Pigeon and Star fish.
Chromatography paper, Chromatography chamber, Alcohol
B. List of Practicals
1. Identify the given specimen of a fungus – Mushroom, gymnosperm- pine cone
2. Study honey-bee/butterfly, snail shell, Starfish, Pigeon (through models).
Note: The above Practicals may be carried out in an experiential manner rather than
recording observations.
Prescribed Books:
1. Biology Class-XI, Published by NCERT
