TECHNICAL REPORT ON STUDENT INDUSTRIAL

WORKING SCHEME (SIWES II)

BAO HIGH TECH MACHINERY, JOS, PLATEAU STATE,

NIGERIA.

BY
USMAN SULEIMAN MUHAMMAD
17/46393U/2
JULY, 2023.

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 ABSTRACT

This is a technical report on Student Industrial Working Experience Scheme

(SIWES) detailing my working experience for 24 weeks at OTEC Engineering Company in

Jos, Plateau State as mandated by the National University Commission as a partial fulfilment

of the requirements for obtaining a Bachelor’s degree in Mechanical Engineering.

In this report, it can be found that my training mostly comprised of acquiring skills needed

for various machining operations

The report discusses the skills I acquired during my training period while justifying the

student industrial work experience scheme (SIWES) as a relevant method of arming the

students with what it takes to thrive in the working world.

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 CERTIFICATION

This is to certify that I, Abdullahi Abdul Tanimu with REG. NO ENG/17/MEC/00465

wrote this report for the SIWES I undertook at OTEC Engineering company located at

Mile 7, Zaria road, OPP. PHCN Transmission Station, Jos, Plateau state for the

duration of 24 weeks and the report was then submitted to the Department of

Mechanical Engineering, Bayero University, Kano.

USMAN SULEIMAN MUHAMMAD

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 DEDICATION

I dedicate this to my loving parents Mr.& Mrs. Suleiman

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

My gratitude goes first and foremost to Allah (S.W.T) for my life, my health and all the

blessing I’ve received throughout my life and for giving me all the help I needed to

successfully complete my industrial training. I’d also like to thank my parents for all the love,

care and support they’ve given me over the years. I’d like to thank my esteemed lecturers for

all the knowledge and discipline they’ve impacted into me throughout my stay in the

university. I’d also like to thank my industry - based SIWES coordinator Engr. Benjamin

Ojegbile for imparting a wealth of knowledge and experience into me during my training

program. And last but most certainly not the least I’d like to thank my humble friend Yahaya

Muritala for his honest advices, both the direct, indirect and subtle ones. And also, for his

logical arguments that make me think and rethink opinions I might have previously not given

enough thought to before accepting them.

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 TABLE OF CONTENT

ABSTRACT…………………………………………………………………………… 2
CERTIFICATION……………………………………………………………………... 3
DEDICATION………………....………………………………………………………. 4
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS…………………………………………………………… 5
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ……………………………………………………. 7
CHAPTER 2: GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT …………………. 8 - 10
CHAPTER 3: ANALYSIS OF PRODUCTION/SERVICES/INSTITUITION …. 11 - 25
INDUSTRIAL EXPERIENCE AND PROBLEMS ………………………………… 26
CONCLUSION ………………………………………………………………………. 27

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 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

SIWES was founded in 1973 by ITF (Industrial Training Funds) to address the

problem of tertiary institution graduates' lack of appropriate skills for employment in

Nigerian industries. The Students' Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) was founded

to be a skill training programme to help expose and prepare students of universities,

Polytechnics and colleges of education for the industrial work situation to be met after

graduation.

This system facilitates the transfer from the classroom to the workplace and aids in the

application of knowledge. The program allows students to become acquainted with and

exposed to the experience required in handling and operating equipment and machinery that

are typically not available at their schools.

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 CHAPTER 2: GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT

DATA ABOUT THE COMPANY

I carried out my SIWES at BAO High Tech Machinery Jos, located at Mile 7 Zaria

Road, Opposite PHCN Transmission Station, Jos, Plateau State. I began my training on the

9th of January 2023.

BAO High Tech Machinery performs multiple machining operations (Subtractive

manufacturing) like turning, drilling, milling and others in order to produce machine

components and elements or adjust the dimensions of machine components and elements for

the company’s internal usage and for commercial purposes.

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 ORGANIZATIONAL SET-UP OF THE COMPANY

DIRECTOR

HEAD OF MECHANICAL ASSISTANT HEAD OF WELDING

SENIOR STOREKEEPER MAINTENANCE WELDING

TECHNICIANS TECHNICIANS
LATHE MILLING

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 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS

For any company/institution looking to thrive, it must as a general rule abide by certain

ethics/codes of conduct, that is why at BAO High Tech Machinery, all staff/employees are

mandated to keep to principles such as punctuality, diligence at work, honesty, integrity and

dedication as that is the only way to maintain quality and reliability in the services provided

by the company to its esteemed customers.

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 CHAPTER 3: ANALYSIS OF PRODUCTION/SERVICES/INSTITUITION

3.1: ERGONOMICS

HEALTH SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEASUREMENTS

It is the company policy to maintain a safe and healthy working environment for all its

employees. The Managing Director is ultimately responsible for the implementation of

documented company health and safety policy. However, through a system of documented

working instructions, the responsibility for the physical enforcement of the safety policy will

be delegated to other senior managers and supervisors for their particular areas.

As seen in all fields and branches of engineering, safety is one of the top priorities that is why

at BAO High Tech Machinery, the safety of employees is of utmost importance and the

company strives to achieve this by strictly enforcing safety guidelines like

- Long hair and loose clothes must be restrained in a manner that will not allow them to be

caught in machines.

- Machines must not be left unattended while in operation.

- Safety boots must be worn always while in the workshop.

- Safety Googles must be worn while welding and also when using the lathe machine to

protect the eyes from flying chips

- Grinding wheels shall not be operated in excess of the speed recommended by the

manufacturer.

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- Check the recommended rpm against that of the shaft or motor before mounting a new

wheel.

- Check all grinding wheels for chips and cracks before use.

- Face shields, safety glasses, or chipper’s goggles shall be worn at all times when grinding or

using a wire brush.

- Gloves shall not be worn while grinding, nor will cloth be used to hold work pieces.

- When using lathe machines Chip guards should be used in operations that could endanger

the operator or others nearby.

- Hand pressure should not be used to stop free spinning chucks

- Chip breakers shall be used whenever practical

- Brushes or chip pullers shall be used for removing chips.

- Operators must not use their hands to remove chips.

PLANNING

BAO High Tech Machinery operates a planning and management system based on Microsoft

Project. The systems encompass the activities of Planning, Engineering, Document Control,

Material Control. These total management packages allow the effective scheduling of all

activities in a “real time” environment giving the level of control to allow the effective

management of multiple contracts through one facility.

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 3.2: PRODUCT/SERVICES

The company produces different machine components and also adjust/change the size of

different machine components by performing various machining operations as required to

achieve positive results. Below are some of the machines used to perform these operations

1. LATHE MACHINE

A lathe machine is a machine that ‘s used to remove unwanted metals from the work piece to

give the desired shape and size. It is also known as “Center Lathe” because of two centers

between which the job can be held and rotated.

Functions of lathe Machine

- The main function of Lathe machine is to remove excess material in the form of chips by

rotating the work piece against a stationary cutting tool.

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- This is accomplished by holding the work securely and rigidly on the machine and then

turning it against cutting tool which will remove metal from the work.

- To cut the material properly the tool should be harder than the material of the work piece,

should be rigidly held on the machine and should be fed or progress in a definite way relative

to the work.

2. HYDRAULIC PRESS

A hydraulic press is a machine press using a hydraulic cylinder to generate a compressive

force. It uses the hydraulic equivalent of a mechanical lever.

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Hydraulic press depends on Pascal's principle: The pressure throughout a closed system is

constant. One part of the system is a piston acting as a pump, with a modest mechanical force

acting on a small cross-sectional area; the other part is a piston with a larger area which

generates a correspondingly large mechanical force. Only small-diameter tubing (which more

easily resists pressure) is needed if the pump is separated from the press cylinder.

3. DRILL PRESS

The drill press is a motorized tool designed to bore holes in wood, metal or plastic. Like a

handheld drill, drill presses utilize various types of bits to make holes of different diameters.

But unlike a handheld drill, drill presses are stationary or bench-top machines. If you need a

drilling tool only for small home repairs and the occasional woodworking project, a drill

press probably isn’t for you. But if you’d like to get serious about working with wood or

metal, a drill press will make it easier to bore precise holes, countersink or counter bore those

holes and use sanding attachments.

A full-sized stationary drill press is heavy, relatively expensive and takes up valuable floor

space in your work area. But what the drill press lacks in portability, it makes up for in power

and precision. Unlike handheld drills which rely on arm strength and the steadiness of the

operator to drill an accurate, clean hole, drill presses are precise by design. A rotating handle

controls the descent of a spinning mechanism called the spindle (the bit is held in a chuck on

the end of this spindle), which can only move vertically. This makes perfectly precise holes

much easier to create. All models have a depth stop, for creating holes of consistent depth.

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 4. MILLING MACHINE

A milling machine is a machine which removes the material from the work piece by feeding

the work piece past a rotating multipoint cutter. The metal removal rate is very high as the

cutter has a high speed and many cutting edges.

This may be done varying direction at an angle with the axis, cutter head speed, and pressure.

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Working principle of Milling machine

-Milling machine employed in the metal removing operation in which the work is rigidly

clamped on the table of the machine and the revolving cutter which has multiple teeth is

mounted on the arbor.

- The cutter revolves at high speed and the work is fed slowly past the cutter.

- The work can be fed in a vertical, longitudinal, or cross direction depending upon the type

of milling machine being used.

- As the work proceeds, the cutter-teeth removes the metal from the surface of the job(work

piece) to produce the desired shape.

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 5. MAGNETIC DRILL

A magnetic drill press is a machine that works faster compared to old technical machines

such as drill presses, geared drill presses, mill drills, or radial arm drill presses.

It is a portable machine and can make holes above 12 mm in diameter. You can use twist drill

bits if you need to make a hole below 12 mm in diameter. The core drill bits used for mag

drill machines are produced from high-speed steels (HSS) and tungsten carbide tips (TCT).

You can decide on the HSS and TCT depending on the nature of the material you need to

drill.

Annual cutters with a magnetic drill press provide an accuracy of 0.005 mm up to 0.001 mm

for some materials, such as stainless steel.

The magnetic drill press is available in various sizes, designs, and shapes. You can choose the

type of mag drill considering the purpose of the machine. It combines a robust

electromagnetic base, which enables the drill to adhere to the carbon steel surface. You can

operate it from multiple angles, such as horizontally, vertically, and upside down.

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 6. ANGLE GRINDER

An angle grinder is a handheld power tool that can be used for a variety of metal fabrication

jobs that include cutting, grinding, deburring, finishing and polishing. The most common

types of angle grinders are powered by electricity; either corded or battery powered.

As the name suggests, angle grinders have a cutting head at an angled position on the drive

shaft. This allows the tool to be used for sharpening, polishing, and cutting. Depending on the

model you get, they can come in many sizes or be corded or cordless.

The primary purpose of an angle grinder is to grind metal. It achieves this with the use of

abrasive grinding discs that come in a range of materials, like aluminum, carbide, and

diamond-tipped discs. Attach a grinding disc and turn on the grinder to start the disc spinning

rapidly. Press the abrasive disc to the target metal to flatten, smooth, or completely remove

pieces from the metal.

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 3.3: QUALITY ENGINEERING

The prime objectives of the management of BAO High Tech Machinery is to provide services

in a manner which conforms to contractual and regulatory requirements. In order to achieve

this objective, it is policy of BAO High Tech Machinery to establish and maintain an efficient

Quality Assurance program planned and developed in conjunction with all management

functions.

For the accomplishment of this purpose, the company uses tools such as

Angle Square ruler

A square is a tool used for marking and referencing a 90° angle.

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Vernier calipers

A measuring instrument used for measuring linear dimensions

Thread Gauge

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A thread gauge is a measuring instrument that is used to pitch of a thread

Micrometer screw Gauge

A measuring device used for measuring the diameters of small objects such as a thin wire or a

pin.

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Measuring tape

A self-retracting tape uses for measuring length.

V-Blocks

A V-block is a square or rectangular precision-made block used to securely hold a cylindrical

work piece on a milling machine or drill press.

Protractors

A simple measuring instrument with the shape of a semi-circle used for measuring angles

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Internal caliper

A caliper used for measuring internal dimensions like the internal diameter of a pipe.

External caliper

A caliper used for measuring external dimensions like the outer diameter of a cylinder.

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Set Square

a flat piece of metal or plastic in the shape of a triangle with one angle of 90°, used for

drawing angles

3.4: MAINTENANCE ENGINEERING

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The maintenance policy of the company is based on rules and regulations that ensure that it's

equipment and facilities are properly maintained. Below are some of the rules and

regulations.

- When a grinder is first turned on, do not stand in line with the grinding wheel. If any

wobble or vibration is noticed, the machine must be turned off and repaired.

- Tool ways must be kept clear and clean.

- Tools must always be cleaned after use

- Machines must be lubricated regularly

- Heavy-duty equipment should never be handled without proper lifting equipment

- Lathe machines should not be stopped with tool bit in the cut, or with feed clutch engaged.

- Tools or other equipment shall not be stored on top of the head stock of the lathe machine.

- When using the lathe machine, coolants must be constantly applied on cutting tools except

when using diamond tools.

- When using the drilling machines, coolants must be applied to drill bits at all times

- Tools should not be set or adjusted while the lathe is in operation.

- Tools and chucks must be checked for defects before use.

In addition to these rules, the work shop maintenance department also run a bi-weekly

services on the machines to reduce the risk of any problems arising in the machines.

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 INDUSTRIAL EXPERIENCE AND PROBLEM

During my Industrial training, one of the lathe machines got faulty and couldn't perform

operations automatically because the knob on the carriage used for engaging the lead screw

suddenly stopped working properly in the sense that when it’s moved into the position to

engage the lead screw which is upward, it just drops back into its initial position which is

downward.

We then decided to uncouple the carriage to find out where the problem was and we found

out that the gear that engages the lead screw had worn-out so we replaced it and lubricated

the entire carriage internally and coupled it back to the lathe machine.

From this work I learned how the gears in the carriage connect and engage the lead screw and

feed rood

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 CONCLUSIONS

As a requirement for partial fulfilment of the mechanical engineering program and other

engineering programs, the Student Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) is one of

the most crucial part of our education as it not only exposes the student to the practical

application of the theoretical knowledge he has already acquired, it also exposes him/her to

the day to day challenges of the working world thereby making him/her much more prepared

for the requirements and expectations of the professional working world that awaits him after

the completion of his degree program.

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