eo Anv CovrourinG LeveELLING Opiate Sphevoid - R-e +6310 km See Sor Classification of Survey Level Surfage m® YE f Tivwen oa ; 2 Plumb Line +“ EaguiPotential — Greudetic Plane, Son A : Surface Suryes ured Horizontal Surface rs ee “AZ aROKM? « ‘> tangential ko Level Surface Mean Sea Level or Zero Elevation Sutface ‘> Mumbat Ta Det = Survey OF India Back Sight — T Sight BenchMavk = Sight Typeo of yp Fore Sight GTS Bench Mark Permanent Benchmark Avbitary Benchmark Change Point or Turning Point Te iy 3 emporary Benchmark cw ened on BS. andes HT or HOC Method Of Packing < Rise aad Fall _cneck on BS FS TS V7 EBS -TFS = Lat RL —FuARL = ERise -LFall é Curvature CorvectionCe- 0.0784?" 3790 2 Refraction Correction 0.0112 d? Ce = s Correction - 0.0613 d* G=Co- Gr bee Distance to Vistbie horizon? | 9. ogyad™ a: | Voovts dz 3.384 Ihe CombinedMethods OF Levelling Barometric lelelir, Direct’ Levelling Tadirect Levelling spt Leveling speretsg bepetteg 1. Differential Levelling ) a feciprocal Levelling 4. Longitudinal Levelling 4. Crora6ectioning 5. Precise Levelling DiFferenbral Levdling, ,g.068™” peciprcal levelling. ia? + (%-J- £4) Truc dif xc) (o") a 02» Ss'- - [Ga'- J Emor dueto False? 6,'- 4. Line sh Gs ie 5 ) Teer ce a = Oban a Profile tevelling/Longiudinal Sectioning Prectée levelling 29H 1 TH, bit 7, 10m Twoirect Leveling: . © Base wmAccesible vive Dtan® @ Base Inaccestble Instumert ea D =) dtanws «8 )° Base TnAccessible £1 Phan Oe red p=" dbanols : tan@y - bands Ean Oba - otandy Radus of Bubble tube R- nid 5 28 ao bets a Sensitvitysl = a mabe yucca os $ “nous 1 ed > Length of 4 division in m R > Rads Of Bubble tube nD Number of Division S > Diff in Staff reading D + DistanceDegree of Accuracy nom = aang ~ For ¥ec Rat ourhece ugh Levelling order traverse fw SP ev Preliminary Suvvey ioe basse e'In Fanny tevelhog For lecabon | 4 Ik Gontvol ea “St Construction Suey |? 1 | Seeand order traverse : ’ avaie laelingfor Pirele [a] Fr Pvt etl BHR 092 | penchemank and for extensive =~ and fox. impovtant | | Survey | and aéurate Surveys | {precise Tevelling benchmark | og widely distributed points) fa oom | | Or Send oder Pevrrissible Thivd order Permissibt . : aver For Compass Havering! ISIN | Jin 300 Latitude Leos 6 Gace t Depature Lin eee Linboo Types of Coordinate ‘System Baancints TRAVERSE conceestive Coordinate System. () Bousditeh or Compass Rule r 2 Total Ervorinx Lengthof that naisance +4 se [M4 Onder baverte | sotrs |i 5000 | for Boundary Suweys am Order traverse | oe for Minor theodottte | 14% | 1, 300 traverse for det ating | 618 ~ Dependent a 2 Commen Origin’ Systefn targiine “ Labitude toe! nied, ndent : SL xy, Prirmetenof ae aa Pe bravevse Consecutive Gerdinate System rane aT i "y Gr ange = Tobal Enorinx Length of Sumof Northing = Stene OF Depature ., that ‘ Southing a Sa Mum of Easting = Sum of ° SDaL Pomel esting, . Fe a 3 Closing Exior ; oh * @Tyansit Method \” ; ee fey" +) CLanyine = EL * Latitude sae ‘Total Ever Deguee Of Accuracy t a Lin 5000 - Less, Accurate 4 in 25000,> More Accurate ‘Total ‘Latitude Co anyhne +2 X Laepaturesgthat lw 2 Lin(2) eS ‘ Xu "fro Total Depakure Ee a) wae Avis Method : losing Erior Angle Geviection be "that | § cus & = tan'( $B) Ang Length” engTypes Qe CHAIN: ci? . Measurement along lope Metvic Chain oSe, 10m, 20m, 30m Trditect Method : [otinemeter J Fogmmeer Chan A tink Feet Case) 9. Lcose Link » 02m wer os. AL cond Manufacture Exvor Case ii) Se ft gmm) SY ahaa” Tiss lat sth 5 ( aie a Cy: 2.0m st, 6mm ) J 2L xem tin) 2y Ge lace 2 iol eo -1) sh Surveyor, Chain - Link's 0-bb Fe Tape Conrecrion * ”S ‘© Gunter Chain © Sag Correction : nt Revenue Cham 1 per t- Cray % 2 ; Gcadestrat 1 hink £2.06 ft + ‘a Survey | Correction for 7. Rw? Steel Band: 10m 9 30m sag)” 4p Types Or Tare: gees gash Linen Tape or Cloth Tape 24 Pant © Pan correction Gy aPLPE AE Tere aa (oyyection = ail (tm -te) woud temp antes -@ Bad Ranging Csi Arrows 4mm 0 RD 4ocm? 5mm O MSL tg 25-500 > 42 Cosi * ie ae 4 emty — 25ax B.0cm De L- Lh Ranging Pod : dm ow 3m ‘dem True’ diskance id = Meas m Ene Stadia Pod Ben Sm aged 4 haual leng! Rangmng" Poles gm - Sm gb -8en = OF Chain Orrsetvod 3m length Standard Plaster tat distance 4 th Le = Sm Field book Size 20cm ¥ (Den } he Laeee oe dept Sf Accuracy in Chaining f war bay ia fr) talance + 1 in 10000} Thermometer sie) bape - fh ww 1000 plump bob fin chain chan Under . | Average Condition Sin 100 |Site Rou - chatn- Rough ey * 250 pe ually Ground: ae CHAIN SURVEY [ CHAIN TRANGULATION ry Long: Opgaet 7, Sm Short offset 6 [Bm t Pevpendicular ofgscs AC Oblique offset other than 40 Cross Staff Open Cross StaFF 0° Feench Gross, Sar 497690" Adjustable Cross, SEOFE Any Angle Ortical Square - 90° i ae ug" yorizon and Index Glass 45 (sah) Caleaaing Ave? ewdth 10. wd oMidordinate Tule : hea= LY averagi i i Avea = Sum oF Ordinate X Length of Ore division bexa Qo Avevage Ordinate Rule Areas L ¥ LO 7 nat ; © Trapezoidal Rule eon lrg of ne [Fast Ordinate > 240,404 + 8f02 #054050) isin ST Last Ordinate +2[04) ] Sfurn oF Intermediate] Sum of Fist and last Ordinate \ength of One divi Wisi = aaa sa | Four mes the Sumof Even Trkermedia te} + ovdinate ee futce the Sum OF Odd @Intermediate Ordinal ® ; Smrsons|, RuleMerHo0s Or TaceomerrY Sur Non stadia Syste™ Stadia System mat ne Tangent Method ble hair Non Stadia System nae agit ‘Angle OF Elevation wo 7 one Angie - Ang ghadia Systems ME” One angie + Angle oF Depression ce ftt 7] et aera a ‘i 2 [ ie tan @, + £27 @ hom > Wan ~ Aven Angle oF 6 Angles Ye ingle “pone (340 D2 1008 A 2) Both ng pevation O stadia Systom Fized Hair + ime Sat Log Tecined upward Staff Tan G+ - tan pe Ko coche re Cose held vesteal 5) Both Angle 312 Angle OF Rug = Heght of op yen oetige Depres sien Tnstrument wae’ ie ae airs inate . DF ve kg SmI + C5n8 ott 2% Tene, - tan@ 2 3 Stadia System Freed Hale +] .)Hovizontal Substense Bar Method LOS Indined Downward + pe Sx 206265 Stark held Vertical Os ses Rig Hughtof -V ~ Yr 2)Verbeal Substense Bar Method Jnstrument x p= KS +6 ve KS 526 + c sin me Zz e@- Index Error ' - $6 p= (reuse iJ & im~ No ofrewubion of the Stadia Syste Fixed Harr -L05 Trdned micrometer Screw for the yard - StaFFs Noimal Staff Tntertert Cosi , D= (ke +¢ ae + Vsing Stadia System -Fined Hair LOS Indined Downward StaFF is Notmal D= (ks+¢) 05.8, = VSinOs eri 9 : J y Iek x= - = to _Tmangulation Primary Triangulation Secondary TTevitory sength OF Baseline 5 to IS Km \5 to 5km 05 to stm | tet OF the Gides 30 to ISO Km 8 to b5 km LS to 10 Km | of Bangles | __________+ aeage Triangle Less than 13ec_|_ less than 3" | Lessthan 6 | closuve ———EE | i . | M | “Not Move | serum Twiangle Not More than | Nervio w than | re Closure yf a Adal Err OF 1 in 300000 | Lin 150400 | . lin 150008 base i ’ | + }— -— rable Ervor OF ftw 1000000, | Lin 5000008 | Lin 2500008 Base v¥ | | EDM —-- Periodical Sinusoxdal Wave | ie J es ant Wavelength T . Type of EDM? Frequeng, |. Ran: ye, _|Accuvacy fem MicroWave | ne Thstrument Telex yp | KHZ 030062 | Upto 100m. Saeed RadioWave Instrument | . ~ | | Ir to $2 Vale light ‘Gcodimeter prio GHz | Upto 25km_ ff 10m 00 ™m ‘Instrument | _ km -Skm | a tiomm Tyfraved Tnstyument) Distonsat 0.4 Hmm ” Gv Ip MTR Geographical Map Topographical Map location Map forest Map ye 160 Lem = 16-25 Km, dem = @ 25 Km lem = 5m to 25m 0.25 Lem = 458 Km’Calculation oF Volume End Area formula X= [Als Ags aaa As +Aa f = Ved | A, + An + a[Ars As Arg] = Prwsmoidal Formula vie distance [a +An+ add area] ) a aaad +4 [Even rwes)} TRIANGULATION + pene AB Aw! & Sa Permanent adjustments OF Theoddlite er) , eee po! Plate Level Test Wal conditioned. Ass Crogs- har ring test Jame 1 Collation in Azimuth Testi Shouldtessthl 20” Base Angle Spe Test 20° 7 eat seats ira mea Bubble Tube Adustment Test Eteerromacneic Distance Measurement Fe Le cydes po Second 5 oxT etoity x Tune) warelengh = asf 5 fF. ¢ a Length OF the Polar Axg 127113 k Length oF the Feutorial Anis “12756 km Arc = Chord, {2Km dom | Tangle 195 km? > 4 Second, Vetteal Are Test Be ‘eae