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Fingerprint - is an impression left by the friction
ridge of a human finger.
Latent Print - (known as dactyloscopy or hand
Friction ridge - is a raised portion of the epidermis print identification) - is the process of comparing two
on the fingers and toes, the palm of the hand or the instances of friction ridge skin impressions from
sole of the foot, consisting of one or more connected human fingers, palm of the hand, or even toes to
ridge units of the friction ridge skin.These are determine whether these impressions could have
sometimes known as "epidermal ridges" come from the same individual.
Dermatoglyphics - scientific study of fingerprints.
Type of Prints The Most Popular Ten Print
1. Exemplar - "known prints" - fingerprints Classification System.
deliberately collected from a subject. 1. Roscher System - developed in Germany.
2. Latent - means chance or accidental impression Implemented in Germany and Japan.
left by the friction ridge skin on a surface regardless 2. Juan Vucetich System - developed in Argentina.
of whether it is visible or invisible at the time of Implemented through out South America.
deposition. Although the word latent means hidden 3. Henry Classification System - developed in
or invisible in modern usage for forensic science. India. Implemented in most English speaking
3.Patent - chance friction ridge impressions which countries.
are obvious to the human eye and which have been
caused by the transfer of foreign material from a In the Henry System of Classification. There
finger into a surface. are 3 basic fingerprint patterns.
4. Plastic Print - is a friction ridge impression left in
a material that retains the shape of the ridge detail.
5. Electronic Recording - example, a man selling
stolen watches sending images of them on a mobile
phone and those images included parts of his hands
in enough detail for police to be able to identify
1. Loop - constitute 60% to 65% of all fingerprint.
fingerprint patterns.
Kinds of Loop
1)ulnar Loop
Notes:
2)radial Loop
Plantar - refers to feet and toes.
Palmar - refers to finger and palm.
Personalities who significantly contributed to
the science of fingerprint.
1. Jan Evangelista Purkinje (1787 - 1869) - a czech
physiologist and professor of anatomy at the 2. Whorl - constitute 30% to 35% of all fingerprints.
university of Breslau, published a thesis in 1823 Kinds of Whorl
discussing 9 fingerprint patterns but he did not 1)plain Whorl
mention any possibility of using fingerprint to identify 2)accidental Whorl
people. 3)double Loop whorl
2. Georg Von Meisner (1829 - 1905) - German 4)central Pocket Loop Whorl.
anatomist who studied friction ridges.
3. Sir William James Herschel - initiated
fingerprinting in India. In 1877 at Hoogly near
Calcutta, he instituted the use of fingerprints on
contracts and deeds to prevent the then rampant
repudiation of signatures and he registered
government pensioners fingerprint to prevent the
collection of money by relatives after a pensioners 3. Arch - constitute 5% of all fingerprints.
death. Kinds of Arch
1)plain Arch
4. Henry Faulds - a Scottish surgeon who in 1880, in a
2)tented Arch
Tokyo hospital, published his first paper on the
subject in the scientific journal nature. He took up
the study of "skin furrows" after noticing finger marks
on specimens of prehistoric pottery.
5. Juan Vucetich - an Argentine chief of police who
created the first method of recording the fingerprint The Basic Fundamentals of Fingerprints are:
of individuals on file, associating this these 1. Permanence - fingerprints never change.
fingerprints to the anthropometric system of 2. Individuality - no two fingerprints are alike.
Alphonse Bertillon.
6. Alphonse Bertillon - created in 1879 a system to Characteristics of a Ridge (minutia Features)
identify individuals by anthropometric photographs 1. Ridge Ending - the end of a ridge.
and associated quantitative descriptions. 2. Bifurcation - the Y-shaped split of one ridge into
7. Edward Richard Henry - UK home secretary who two.
conducted an inquiry into identification of criminals 3. Dot - is a very short ridge that looks like a dot.
by measurements and fingerprints. The Henry
Classification System of classifying fingerprint was When is fingerprint ridges formed? ans. formed
named after him. during the third to fourth month of fetal
development.
8. Azizul Hague and Hem Chandra Bose - Indian
fingerprint expert who have been credited with the
Automated Fingerprint Identification System
primary development of a fingerprint classification
(AFIS) - is the process of automatically matching
system eventually named after their supervisor Sir one of many unknown fingerprints against a database
Edward Richard Henry. of known and unknown prints.
9. Henry P. deForrest - used fingerprinting in the New
What is a Loop? ans. the ridges enter from one side
York civil service in 1902 and by 1906. Pioneered
of the finger, form a curve and then exit on that
U.S. fingerprinting.
same side.
10. Nehemiah Grew -(1641 - 1712) - in 1684, this
English physician, botanist and microscopist What is a whorl? ans. ridges form circularly around
published the first scientific paper to describe the a central point on the finger.
ridge structure of the skin covering the fingers and
palms. What is an Arch? ans. the ridges enter from one
11. Marcelo Malphigi - an anatomy professor at the side of the finger, rise in the center forming an arch
university of Bologna, noted in his treatise in 1686, and then exit the other side of the finger.
ridges, spirals and loops in fingerprints, A layer of
skin was named after him "malphigi layer" which is What does a Minutiae Include? ans. It includes
approximately 1.8 mm thick. the following:
12. Mark Twain - in his memoir life on the Mississippi 1. Ridge Ending - the abrupt end of a ridge.
1883, it mentioned a melodramatic account of a 2. Ridge Bifurcation - a single ridge that divides into
murder in which the killer was identified by a two ridges.
thumbprint. Twain's novel Pudd'n head Wilson 3. Short Ridge or Independent Ridge - a ridge that
published in 1893 includes a court room drama that commences, travels a short distance and then
turns on fingerprint identification. ends.
Fingerprint Sensor - is an electronic device used to 4. Island - a single small ridge inside a short ridge
capture a digital image of the fingerprint pattern. The or ridge ending that is not connected to all other
captured image is called a live scan. ridges.
5. Ridge Enclosure - a single ridge that bifurcates and
Biometrics (Biometric Authentication) - refers to reunites shortly afterward to continue as a single
the identification of humans by their characteristics or ridge.
traits. 6. Spur - a bifurcation with a short ridge branching
off
a longer ridge.
7. Crossover or Bridge - a short ridge that runs
between two parallel ridges.
8. Delta - a Y-shape ridge meeting.
9. Core - A U-turn in the ridge pattern.
Forensic Anthropology - forensic discipline that
studies human skeletal remains for identification.
Forensic Odontology - study of dental features to
identify a victim when the body is otherwise
unidentifiable.
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1. The abrupt end of a ridge.
A. Ridge ending C. Ridge Bifurcation
B. Independent ridge D. Island
Ans. A
2. A single ridge that divide into two ridges.
A. Ridge ending C. Spur
B. Bridge D. Ridge bifurcation
Ans. D
3. A Ridge that commences, travels a short distance and then ends.
A. Ridge ending C. Short ridge
C. Spur D. Delta
Ans. C
4. A single small ridge inside a short ridge or ridge ending that is
nor connected to all other ridges.
A. Delta C. Short ridge
C. Spur D. Island
Ans. D
5. A single ridge that bifurcates and reunites shortly afterwards
to continue as a single ridge.
A. Cross-over C. Independent ridge
B. Ridge enclosure D. Island
Ans. B
6. A bifurcation with short ridge branching off alonger ridge.
A. Core C. Spur
B. Independent ridge D. Delta
Ans. C
7. A short ridge that runs between two parallel ridges.
A. Bridge C. Ridge bifurcation
B. Short ridge D. Ridge bifurcation
Ans. A
8. A Y shaped ridge meeting.
A. Delta C. Core
D. Cross-over D. Spur
Ans. A
9. A U turn in the ridge pattern.
A. Delta C. Core
D. Cross-over D. Spur
Ans. C
10.Major feautures of a fingerprint.
A. Minutiae C. Divergence ridge
B. Bridge D. Cross-over
Ans. A
Remember the following:
1. Ridge ending -The abrupt end of a ridge.
2. Ridge bifurcation - A single ridge that divide into two ridges.
3. Short ridge - A Ridge that commences, travels a short distance and
then ends.
4. Island - A single small ridge inside a short ridge or ridge ending that is
nor connected to all other ridges.
5. Ridge enclosure - A single ridge that bifurcates and reunites shortly
afterwards to continue as a single ridge.
6. Spur - A bifurcation with short ridge branching off alonger ridge.
7. Bridge - A short ridge that runs between two parallel ridges.
8. Delta - A Y shaped ridge meeting.
9. Core - A U turn in the ridge pattern.
10.Minutiae - Major feautures of a fingerprint.
Personal Identification
1. Fingerprint
2. DNA
3. Forensic Anthropology
4. Facial reconstruction
5. Hair comparisons
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1. The abrupt end of a ridge.
A. Ridge ending C. Ridge Bifurcation
B. Independent ridge D. Island
Ans. A
2. A single ridge that divide into two ridges.
A. Ridge ending C. Spur
B. Bridge D. Ridge bifurcation
Ans. D
3. A Ridge that commences, travels a short distance and then ends.
A. Ridge ending C. Short ridge
C. Spur D. Delta
Ans. C
4. A single small ridge inside a short ridge or ridge ending that is
nor connected to all other ridges.
A. Delta C. Short ridge
C. Spur D. Island
Ans. D
5. A single ridge that bifurcates and reunites shortly afterwards
to continue as a single ridge.
A. Cross-over C. Independent ridge
B. Ridge enclosure D. Island
Ans. B
6. A bifurcation with short ridge branching off alonger ridge.
A. Core C. Spur
B. Independent ridge D. Delta
Ans. C
7. A short ridge that runs between two parallel ridges.
A. Bridge C. Ridge bifurcation
B. Short ridge D. Ridge bifurcation
Ans. A
8. A Y shaped ridge meeting.
A. Delta C. Core
D. Cross-over D. Spur
Ans. A
9. A U turn in the ridge pattern.
A. Delta C. Core
D. Cross-over D. Spur
Ans. C
10.Major feautures of a fingerprint.
A. Minutiae C. Divergence ridge
B. Bridge D. Cross-over
Ans. A
Remember the following:
1. Ridge ending -The abrupt end of a ridge.
2. Ridge bifurcation - A single ridge that divide into two ridges.
3. Short ridge - A Ridge that commences, travels a short distance and
then ends.
4. Island - A single small ridge inside a short ridge or ridge ending that is
nor connected to all other ridges.
5. Ridge enclosure - A single ridge that bifurcates and reunites shortly
afterwards to continue as a single ridge.
6. Spur - A bifurcation with short ridge branching off alonger ridge.
7. Bridge - A short ridge that runs between two parallel ridges.
8. Delta - A Y shaped ridge meeting.
9. Core - A U turn in the ridge pattern.
10.Minutiae - Major feautures of a fingerprint.
Personal Identification
1. Fingerprint
2. DNA
3. Forensic Anthropology
4. Facial reconstruction
5. Hair comparisons
Anthropologies
College grants for students
Wireless Bridge
Criminology
Single Site
Singles
Questions
Distance
Create a free website with
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Security ManagementLaw Enforcement Administration review questionsCriminal Law (Book 1)Criminal
Law (Book 2)>Heinous Crimes Act Of 1993Republic Act No. 8294Anti-Money Laundering Act Of 2001 R.A.
NO. 9160 Criminal ProcedureCriminal Evidencecriminal jurisprudence definition of termscriminal
jurisprudence review questionsFundamentals of Criminal InvestigationSpecial Crime InvestigationFire
Technology and Investigation>fire technology and investigation reviewer 1Traffic Operation and Accident
Investigation>traffic operation definition of termsDrug Education and Vice Control>Drug Education
Definition of TermsPolice Report Writing (Technical English)crime detection review questionsIntroduction
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ManagementSeminar on Contemporary Police ProblemPolice Ethics and Community Relationscriminology
reviewersociology of crimes review questionsPenal Management>penal management review questions
1Probationcorrectional administration review questions
