NEW ERA PUBLIC
SCHOOL
BIOLOGY
INVESTIGATORY PROJECT
HOW CIGARETTES CAN
AFFECT OUR HEALTH
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Rachit Pundeer of class 12
has successfully completed his project ‘how
cigarettes can affect our health’ during the
academic year 2023-2024 as per guidelines
issued by the central board of secondary
education (CBSE)
This project is absolutely genuine and does not
Indulge in plagiarism of any kind. The references
taken in making this project have been
mentioned at this project
Internal examiner External Examiner
ACKNOWLEDGEM
ENT
I would like to sincerely and profusely thank my
biology teacher for her able guidance and
support in completing my project would also like
to extend my gratitude to the principal for
providing me with all the facility that was
required.
Last but not the least, I would extend my
gratitude towards my friends who has supported
me to complete this project
CONTENT
1. Acknowledgement
2. Abstract
3. smoking
4. how smoking can affect our health
5. Addiction of smoking
> signs of addiction
6. how to quit smoking
7. Bibliography
ABSTRACT
A cigarette is a small roll of finely cut tobacco
leaves wrapped in a cylinder of thin paper for
smoking. The cigarette is ignited at one end and
allowed to smoulder; its smoke is inhaled from
the other end, which is held in or to the mouth
and in some cases a cigarette holder may be
used as well.
The term cigarette, commonly used, refers to a
tobacco cigarette but can apply to similar
devices containing other herbs, such as cloves or
cannabis.
SMOKING
In the early times, people could buy cigarettes
and smoke pretty much anywhere even in
hospitals! Ads for cigarettes were all over the
place. Today we're more aware about how bad
smoking is for our health. Smoking is restricted
or banned in almost all public places and
cigarette companies are no longer allowed to
advertise on TV, radio, and in many magazines.
Almost everyone knows that smoking causes
cancer, emphysema, and heart disease; that it
can shorten your life by 10 years or more;
Smoking is a hard habit to break because
tobacco contains nicotine, which is highly
addictive. Like heroin or other addictive drugs,
the body and mind quickly become so used to
the nicotine in cigarettes that a person needs to
have it just to feel normal.
HOW SMOKING CAN AFFECT
OUR HEALTH
• Bad skin.
Because smoking restricts blood vessels, it
can prevent oxygen and nutrients from getting
to the skin - which is why smokers often appear
pale and unhealthy. Studies have also linked
smoking to an increased risk of getting a type of
skin rash called psoriasis.
• Bad breath.
Cigarettes leave smokers with a condition
called halitosis, or persistent bad breath.
• Bad-smelling clothes and hair.
The smell of stale smoke tends to linger -
not just on people's clothing, but on their hair,
furniture, and cars. And it's often hard to get
the smell of smoke out.
• Reduced athletic performance.
People who smoke usually can't compete
with nonsmoking peers because the physical
effects of smoking impair sports performance.
• Greater risk of injury and slower healing
time.
Smoking affects the body's ability to produce
collagen, so common sports injuries, such as
damage to tendons and ligaments will heal more
slowly in smokers than nonsmokers.
• Increased risk of illness.
Studies show that smokers get more colds,
flu, bronchitis, and pneumonia than nonsmokers.
And people with certain health conditions, like
asthma, become sicker if they smoke because
teens who smoke as a way to manage weight
often light up instead of eating, their bodies also
lack the nutrients they need to grow, develop,
and fight off illness properly.
• Immune Cells.
Smoking weakens the immune system by
depressing antibodies and cells that are in the
body to protect against foreign invaders.
• Infections.
Many cancer-causing chemicals from
cigarette smoke travel throughout a smoker's
bloodstream to reach the organs of the body and
damage the immune response. Carbon monoxide
is carried through the body by smoke,
interfering with oxygen levels. Less oxygen
reaches the brain, heart, muscles and other
organs. Lung function is reduced because of the
narrowing of the lung airways and excess mucus
in the lungs. Lung irritation and damage result
from invading substances, leading to lung
infection.
• Lung Tissue.
Smoking can cause the body's immune system to
attack lung tissue and result in severe
respiratory disorders, according to research at
the University of Cincinnati, Ohio. Health
scientists examined mice to study the link
between cigarette exposure, the immune system
and chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder
(COPD), a serious lung disease characterized by
emphysema and severe inflammation of lungs
tissue.
ADDICTION OF SMOKING
> Physical Addiction
Being physically addicted means a person's
body actually becomes dependent on a particular
substance (even smoking is physically addictive).
>Psychological Addiction
Psychological addiction happens when the
cravings for a drug are psychological or
emotional. People who are psychologically
addicted feel overcome by the desire to have a
drug. A person crosses the line between abuse
and addiction when he or she is no longer trying
the drug to have fun or get high, but has come
to depend on it. His or her whole life centers on
the need for the drug.
Signs of addiction
Psychological signals:
• Use of drugs or alcohol as a way to forget
problems or to relax.
• Withdrawal or keeping secrets from family and
friends.
• Loss of interest in activities that used to be
important.
• Problems with schoolwork, such as slipping
grades or absences.
• Changes in friendships, such as hanging out
only with friends who use drugs.
• Spending a lot of time figuring out how to get
cigarette.
• Stealing or selling belongings to be able to
afford cigarette.
• Failed attempts to stop taking cigarette or
drinking.
How to quit smoking
How to quit smoking?
There are many different methods that have
successfully helped people to quit smoking,
including:
• Quitting smoking cold turkey.
• Systematically decreasing the number of
cigarettes you smoke.
• Reducing your intake of nicotine gradually over
time.
• Using nicotine replacement therapy or non-
nicotine medications to reduce withdrawal
symptoms.
• Utilizing nicotine support groups.
• Trying hypnosis
>Medication therapy
Smoking cessation medications can ease
withdrawal symptoms and reduce cravings, and
are most effective when used as part of a
comprehensive stop smoking program monitored
by your physician. Talk to your doctor about
your options and whether an anti-smoking
medication is right for you. U.S. Food and Drug
Administration (FDA) approved options are:
>Nicotine Replacement Therapy
Nicotine replacement therapy involves
"replacing" cigarettes with other nicotine
substitutes, such as nicotine gum or a nicotine
patch. It works by delivering small and steady
doses of nicotine into the body to relieve some of
the withdrawal symptoms without the tars and
poisonous gases found in cigarettes.
Bibliography
1) www.google.com
2) www.esmokingsideeffects.com
3) www.causesofsmoking.net
4)http://www.helpguide.org/mental/
quit_smoking_cessation.htm
