By: DEEVA SHARMA
XII- SCI
This is to certify that “Deeva Sharma” student of class - 12th SCIENCE
has successfully completed her Biology Project on “How Cigarettes
Affect Your Health” under the guidance of Ma’am Ayushmita
Students Signature Teacher’s Signature
I would like to extend my sincere thanks to Ayushmita Ma’am, for her invaluable guidance and support
throughout the duration of this project. Her insights and feedback have been immensely helpful and have
greatly contributed to the completion of this work.
I am also grateful to my classmates, for their assistance and encouragement. Their ideas and perspectives have
added significant value to this project.
Special thanks go to my family, who have provided me with the necessary resources and a conducive
environment to work on this project. Their constant encouragement and belief in my abilities have been a
source of motivation.
Lastly, I thank all those who directly or indirectly contributed to the success of this project. Your support has
been invaluable.
01. Introduction
02. Overview of The Cigarette
03. Immediate Health Effects
04. Long Term Health Effects
05. Impact on Respiratory System
06. Impact of Cardiovascular System
07. Case Study 01
08. Case Study 02
09. Bibliography
Smoking can cause long-term negative effects on the body, including
heart disease, cancer, and diabetes.
Whether smoked or chewed, tobacco is dangerous to your health.
Tobacco products contain unsafe substances, from acetone and tar to
nicotine and carbon monoxide. The inhaled substances can affect your
lungs and the other organs in your body.
Smoking can lead to ongoing complications and long-term effects on
your body systems. While smoking can increase your risk of certain
health conditions over years, like glaucoma, cancer, and issues with
blood clotting, some of the bodily effects happen immediately.
But quitting smoking can reverse many of these effects on your body.
Nicotine: Addictive substance.
Tar: Causes lung damage.
Carbon Monoxide: Reduces oxygen
transport.
Formaldehyde & Ammonia: Toxic
chemicals.
Altered brain chemistry decreasing the dopamine receptors in the
brain which tell cells how to function. Dopamine, when released, gives a
person the sense of reward. Decreasing dopamine receptors is thought
to leave a person with longer, more intense cravings for what they like
(in this case, nicotine in tobacco).
Respiratory conditions bronchospasm (abnormal tightening of
airways), increased phlegm, persistent cough.
Increased heart rate and blood pressure making the heart have to
work harder and therefore more likely to wear out quicker.
People who smoke die 13 to 14 years earlier than
nonsmokers
Smokers who have a heart attack are more likely to
die and die suddenly (within 1 hour) than nonsmokers.
Cancers - of the lip, oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus,
pancreas, larynx (voice box), lung, uterine cervix,
bladder, and kidney.
Lung cancer screening and early detection:
Lung and bronchus cancer ranks 3rd in types of
cancer for all Connecticut residents. It ranks 2nd
among Asian and Pacific Islander residents.
The incidence of lung and bronchus cancer in
Connecticut is higher than the national average.
Smoking exposes the respiratory system to harmful substances, leading to
diseases like COPD and lung cancer. The lungs are damaged by toxins from
tobacco smoke, causing chronic bronchitis and emphysema. Understanding how
tobacco smoke causes these diseases is crucial for prevention and treatment.
Key Insights
Emphysema has centrilobular and panacinar forms with distinct
characteristics.
Pulmonary hypertension prevalence increases with COPD progression.
Smoking impairs lung defense mechanisms, increasing mucus production
and reducing clearance effectiveness.
Innate and adaptive immune responses play key roles in COPD pathogenesis.
Angiogenesis and fibrogenesis processes are involved in tissue repair due to
smoking-induced lung damage.
Smoking is a major risk factor for heart disease as the chemicals in
cigarettes can damage the heart and blood vessels, leading to
atherosclerosis. Even occasional smoking can increase the risk,
especially for women on birth control pills, people with diabetes, and
those with other risk factors like unhealthy cholesterol levels or high
blood pressure. Smoking also raises the risk for peripheral artery
disease (PAD), which can lead to coronary heart disease, heart attacks,
and strokes. Secondhand smoke is also harmful to the heart and blood
vessels of non-smokers.
Case Study 01
PATIENT DETAILS:
NAME: SURESH KUMAR SHARMA
AGE: 63+ YEARS
SEX: MALE
BLOOD GROUP: B+
PLACE OF RESIDENCE: KOLKATA
MARTIAL STATUS: MARRIED
PROFESSION: BUSINESS
TYPE OF DISEASE:
BILATERAL WARTHIN'S TUMOUR Cright adequate parotidectomy status).
SYMPTOMS/SIGNS:
Prominent swelling on the right side of the neck, below the ear lobe
DIAGNOSIS / LAB REPORTS:
NECT NECK TEST
The patient was operated and the lump that was collected after the operation was sent for BIOPSY the result
was found to be benign (noncancerous)
TREATMENT:
OPERATION
MEDICATIONS
PRESENT CONDITION:
He is doing fine as far as 2024
The tumor has not spread.
Case Study 02
PATIENT DETAILS:
NAME: VISHNU YADAV
AGE: 40
SEX: MALE
BLOOD GROUP: A+
PLACE OF RESIDENCE: LUCKNOW
MARTIAL STATUS: MARRIED
PROFESSION: SALES MANAGER
TYPE OF DISEASE:
SPLEEN IS Mildly enlarged in size (12.5cm)
SYMPTOMS/SIGNS:
SYNCOPE
WEAKNESS
DIAGNOSIS / LAB REPORTS:
USG OF WHOLE ABDOMENON
TREATMENT:
SALINE
BLOOD TRANSFUSION
MEDICATIONS
PRESENT CONDITION:
He is doing fine as far as August. 2024
1.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC):
CDC - Health Effects of Cigarette Smoking
2. American Lung Association:
American Lung Association - How Smoking Affects the Lungs
