SAFE SPACES ACT: AWARENESS AMONG STUDENTS OF ISABELA

STATE UNIVERSITY - CAUAYAN CAMPUS

A Research
Presented to the Faculty of the
College of Criminal Justice Education
ISABELA STATE UNIVERSITY
Cauayan City, Isabela.

In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Degree
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CRIMINOLOGY

By:
ACOB, NOVIELYN S.
CACHOLA, GERALDINE M.
LUYUN, ROXANNE T.

JUNE 2023
 CHAPTER 1

THE PROBLEM AND IT’S BACKGROUND

Introduction

Republic Act (RA) 11313, or the Safe Space Act, recognizes that sexual harassment

knows no gender and that men, women, and all genders must be treated equally when it

comes to safety and security both in private and public spaces. The Safe Space Act, is an act

defining gender-based sexual harassment in streets, public spaces, online, workplaces, and

educational or training institutions, providing protective measures and prescribing penalties.

A lot of people are experiencing sexual harassment every day. Usually, it happens in

street, mall, restaurant, public market, park, bar and any other public and private spaces. Many

cases have been reported that not only women are victims, it also involves men.

Furthermore,this also happens online wherein people are using social media to destroy

someone’s reputation by commenting something offensive, giving threats, uploading or sharing

one’s photos, videos and audio recordings without consent, and online identity theft.

Klein and Martin (2019) gender based harassment and unwanted sexual attention rather

than sexual coercion were more commonly experienced in campuses. It also supported by a

comparative analysis on Sexual Victimization and sexual harassment among students the

college students by Magnuson, Augustyn and Rennison (2019) in which 24 colleges were

subjected to the study.

Despite the presence of this law, it did not stop a renowned nuclear physicist at Cornell

University from harassing his administrative assistant in 1974 (Adeleke, 2022). Similarly,

despite RA7877, or the Anti-Sexual Harassment Act of 1995 signed by then President Fidel V.

Ramos cases of sexual harassment increased and is still increasing (Philippine Commission on

Women, 2020).
 On the other hand, Republic Act No. 11313 otherwise known as The Safe Space Act was

signed by President Duterte in April 17, 2019 and took effect on August 3, 2019 after the

drafting of the Implementing Rules and Regulations (IRR) of the law which recognizes that

sexual harassment knows no gender and that men, women, and all genders must be treated

equally when it comes to safety and security both in private and public spaces.

Our local government units are mandated to pass ordinances based on the law while

the Philippine National Police and Metropolitan Manila Development Authority will arrest those

who violate it. Those found guilty of violating the Anti-Bastos Law will be fined Php 1,000 to

Php 100,000 and may also be imprisoned for 1 month and also the Online sexual harassment,

cyber stalking invasion of privacy in Educational institutions are banned. Those found guilty of

these acts will find Php 100,000 to Php 500,000.

Likewise, deemed as sexual harrassment under the new law are the invasion of

privacy through cyber stalking and incessant messaging, uploading and sharing without

consent of any unauthorized photos, videos or information, impersonating identities of victims

online or posting lies to harm their reputation or filling false abuse on online platforms to silence

victims. A gender sensitivity seminar will be imposed on first time violators.

A six to 10 days imprisonment or fine of Php 3,000 will be imposed on second time

violators while third time offenders will be sent to jail up to 30 days and fined Php 10,000.

For acts such as making offensive body gestures and exposing private parts, public

masturbation, groping and similar actions, first offenders will be fined Php 10,000 and ordered

to do 12 hours of community service and compelled to attend a gender sensitivity seminar.

Second time violators will be punished with 11 to 30 days imprisonment and a Php 15,000 fine

while third time offenders will be imprisoned from one month and one day to six months and

fined Php 20,000. Our new law also punishes stalking and brushing against any part of the
victim’s body. On the first offense, Violators will be fined Php 30,000 or jailed 11 to 30 days and

required to attend a gender sensitivity seminar. On the second offense, Violators will be

punished to pay a Php 50,000 fine and face imprisonment for one month and one day up to six

months; while on the third offense , Violators will be slapped with a Php 100,000 fine.

Meanwhile, the penalty of prision correctional in its medium period or a fine ranging

from Php 100,000 to Php 500,000 will be imposed on any person found guilty of gender-based

online harrassment.

In 2019 the released data in the Office of Student Affairs and Services (OSAS) at

Isabela State University - Cauayan Campus that there are students who violated Republic Act

11313 or Safe Spaces Act. The said violation is about unwanted video of one of the students of

ISU-CC that spreads in their Group Chat (GC).

Thus, this study investigated on the awareness of students in Isabela State University

Cauayan - Campus. This can be bench marked by other higher educational institutions on Safe

Spaces Act in University; it can also improve the current situation of safe spaces among

institutions; and the results of this study can be used as guide in creating programs for the

improvement of the Gender and Development Program of the institution.

Statement of the Problems

The study aims to determine the level of awareness on R.A. 11313 or Safe Spaces

Act among Students of ISU – Cauayan Campus :

Specifically, the study seeks to answer the following questions:

1. What is the profile of the respondents in term of the following?

1.1. Age

1.2. Sex

1.3. Religion

1.4. Ethnicity

1.5. Course/Year

2. What is the level awareness of respondents on Safe Spaces Acts in terms of;

2.1. Legal aspects of the law

2.2. Social implication of the law

2.3. Moral consideration of the law

3. Is there a significant mean difference on the level of awareness of respondents on Safe

Spaces Act in term of;

3.1. Legal aspects of the law

3.2. Social implication of the law

3.3. Moral consideration of the law when respondents are grouped according to Age and

Sex.
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

 The profile of  Gathering of
the respondents. the data
information on
 The level the awareness
awareness of of students in
respondents on Isabela State
Safe Spaces University-
Acts. Cauayan Enlighten and widen
Campus. their knowledge of
 Data on the the students
Significant mean  Data gathering Isabela State
difference on through survey University -
the level of by structured
Cauayan Campus.
awareness of questionnaire.
respondents on
 Interpretation
Safe Spaces Act.
of data.

FEEDBACK

Figure 1: The Paradigm of the Study.

The paradigm shows the relationship of the three boxes, namely the Input, Process, and

Output. The input consists of the profile of the respondents their Age, Sex, Religion, Ethnicity

and Course/Year. The process includes the data gathered through survey and structured

questionnaire. The result of the study will come up with the information dissemination within the

department to enlighten and order for the students to be aware in regard to Republic Act no.

11313 or the Safe Spaces Act. The researcher will conduct seminar , forum, and strictly

implementation of this act in order for the student to widen their knowledge.
Significance of the Study

This study aim to assess the awareness of students regarding the Safe Spaces Act. The

findings of this study may provide benefits to the Students, Legislators, University and Future

researches.

Students. Will gave a better understanding of their awareness and knowledge their rights as

Filipino citizens.

Legislators. Can use this study as a tool to evaluate the level of awareness among Filipino citizens

and make any necessary improvement thru amendments.

University. Will benefit this study by gaining insight into the impact on students and ways to

address any violations of the act

Future researches. Will also benefit from this study as it serves as a reference for data and

provides valuable concepts for further related studies in this field.

Scope and Delimitation of the Study

The study mainly dwells on knowing the level of awareness among students in Isabela State

University Cauayan - Campus on the provision on the RA 11313. This study will not discuss

analogous or related laws on RA 11313 this study also will use 5% alpha level in treating inferential

statistics.

The researcher established the relationship between the respondent to determine their

experience in profanity and to know what the coping strategies.

The primary respondents of this study will be the 1 st year to 4th year students of Isabela State

University Cauayan - Campus in academic year 2022-2023.

Definitions of Terms

The following words used in the research are described conceptually and operationally for a

simple and better understanding of the study.

Awareness. Is the state or ability to perceive, to feel, or to be conscious of events, objects, or

sensory patterns.

Catcalling. To unwanted remarks directed towards a person, commonly done in the form of wolf-

whistling and misogynistic, trans-phobic, homophobic, and sexist slurs.

Dignity. Is the right of a person to be valued and respected for their own sake, and to be treated

ethically.

Discrimination. The unjust or prejudicial treatment of different categories of people, especially on

the grounds of ethnicity, age, sex, or disability.

Flagrante delicto. A legal term used to indicate that a criminal has been caught in the act of

committing an offence.

Gender. A set of socially ascribed characteristics, norms, roles, attitudes, values, and expectations

identifying the social behavior of men and women, and the relations between them.

Homophobic. Irrational fear of aversion to, or discrimination against homosexuality or gay people.

Isabela State University - Cauayan Campus . One of the campuses, ISU-CC with the total students

population of 7,169 and offering different academic courses.

Pornography. Printed or visual material containing the explicit description or display of sexual

organs or activity, intended to stimulate erotic rather than aesthetic or emotional feelings.
Public Spaces. Streets and alleys, roads, sidewalks, public parks, buildings, schools, churches,

public washrooms, malls, internet shops, restaurants and cafes, transportation terminals. public

markets, spaces used as evacuation centers, government offices, common carriers, PUV’s as well

as private vehicles covered by app-based transport network services, other recreational spaces

such as but not limited to, cinema halls, theaters and spas, bars and clubs, resorts and water

parks, hotels and casinos, and all other areas.

Safe Space. A formal or informal place where a person feels comfortable, physically and

emotionally safe, enjoy the freedom of self- expression without the fear of judgment or harm.

Sexual coercion. Unwanted sexual activity that happens when you are pressured, tricked,

threatened, or forced in a nonphysical way.

Sexual Harassment. Behavior characterized by the making of unwelcome and inappropriate sexual

remarks or physical advances in a workplace or other professional or social situation.

Sexual slurs. A term of disparagement used to refer to members of a given gender, sex, or sexual

orientation in a derogatory or pejorative manner.

Sexual victimization. A sexual act that is committed or attempted by another person without freely

given consent of the victim or against someone who is unable to consent or refuse.

Street Harassment. Unwanted comments, gestures, or acts directed at someone in a public space

without their consent.

Trans-phobic. Having or showing a dislike of or strong prejudice against transgender people.

 CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter present the literature and studies relevant to the research undertaking derived

from thesis/dissertations, books, journals, and internet data.

Foreign Literature

Legal aspect of the law

A "Safe Space" does not need to be a physical location. It might be described as a group

of individuals who agree to continually uphold helpful, courteous behavior toward one another.

They continued by saying that it can also provide you some relief from criticism, unsolicited advice,

and having to defend yourself. Additionally, it enables people to experience respect and support.

Minorities, members of the LGBTQIA community, and other groups in need should pay particular

attention to this as explained by Legg and Yee (2019).

Considering the fact that we are in the 21st century and technology is a dominant force,

the Safe Spaces Act's provisions are also applicable online. As stated by Hannah (2021), everyone

should have access to a safe online community, especially younger generations. Online sexual

assault, child exploitation, and other unethical behavior should never be accepted and are strongly

rejects. We all have an essential role in preventing it and addressing it.. Be an inspiring

representative and help us promote universally accessible secure online environments.

The findings of Sanchez et al. (2017), who studied peer sexual cyber victimization among

high school students in Spain, sexual cyber victimization refers to cyber behaviors committed by

peers on an online platform that causes the victim to feel uncomfortable and distressed. These
actions include making unwelcome sexual advances, posting pornography, and making offensive

comments verbally or visually. Based to certain studies, alike actions may be viewed differently by

boys and girls, yet they have a longer negative effect on female students.

The Safe Spaces Act is not a simple law to understand. It is 20 pages long, making it
difficult for some people to read and comprehend. The law is broad because it prohibits four
different forms of gender-based sexual harassment: those that occur online, in the workplace, in
public spaces like streets and parks, and in educational and training institutions. Each category has
its own peculiarities, dynamics, and scope of particular acts. As a result, it is important to properly
explain this law to the public. This provision should be emphasized since it recognizes that when
assessing what constitutes sexual harassment, the motivation of the perpetrator is irrelevant. The
recipient's view of the action and its effect on the person being targeted are what essential.As a
result, implementing this kind of law into effect will be challenging and requires the full support of
every agency of government responsible to implementing it. The Safe Spaces Act is a
revolutionary law. At last, there is a law that addresses the acts covered by gender-based sexual
harassment Implementation is next. (Angsioco, 2019).

Social implication of the law

Organizations may utilize safe places to deal with the harmful dysfunction and unfair

treatment that dominate their workplace. It's possible that some of your coworkers don't feel

confident speaking up or expressing themselves. They might not receive respect or recognition.

They might be subjected to overt harassment or less obvious indignities(.Gaillard,2019)

Moral Consideration of the law

Safe spaces are places where people feel physically and emotionally safe where they may

express themselves freely without fear of criticism and violence,As discussed by (Peralta, 2022) on

his webinar about Bawal Bastos Act.. As he noted, it provides that both men and women enjoy
quality, security, and safety and shows respect for the dignity of all human beings. He emphasized

once more that it is everyone's duty to create a secure community free from harm and criticism.

A basic human right and requirement for both physical and mental health is the freedom

from harassment. While sexual harassment has gained more attention in recent years across a

wide range of cultural contexts, including as a result of the worldwide growth in the movement and

the everyday sexism project, this issue continues to attract the attention of policymakers at the

highest levels, resulting in the UK in 2018 in a Parliamentary Inquiry on sexual harassment in

public places and a briefing paper on sexual harassment in higher education from the House of

Commons in 2018. (Boyer 2022).

The issue extends beyond the streets and even into the legislative settings.The harm

caused by sexual harassment of female House of Commons employees, along with other forms of

abuse, has long been tolerated and concealed. Sexual harassment effects females from an early

age and gradually becomes "normalized" as they moves through life. What are sometimes

disregarded as "jokes" or "compliments" can have a long-term impact, sometimes a lifetime. The

regular observation of our bodies as children has a result on how we hold ourselves, how we

dress, and how we navigate social situations. It compromises our dignity, privacy, and autonomy

as human beings. (Margolis, 2018).

The patterns of street harassment in the study of Sanberg (2021) are disturbing. Before

they ever hit adolescence, young girls are objectified. Because of their race or ethnicity, women of

color are fetishize. People who identify as LGBTQ+ are frequently the target of hateful homophobic

and trans-phobic remarks. Choosing the best line to follow is the most tough portion so far. On the

one hand, it can be frustrating to ignore degrading, criticizing, hateful, or harassing

comments.And simply declining unwelcome advances can lead to further harassment.

 The majority of sexual harassment victims are women. Michelle Bachelet, a former Chilean

president and the first executive director of UN Women, stated in The Guardian that women and

girls deal with the risk of sexual harassment and assault whether they are walking through city

streets, taking public transportation, attending school, or selling products at a market. This reality of

life affect women's freedom to pursue an education, acquire job opportunities,to engage in politics,

or to simply socialize in their own environments. (Cabral 2017)

As stated by (Fileborn, 2020)."that for other women, they realized that they are

being harassed didn't depend on what they were wearing or if they had their hair and makeup

done, etc. In other words, the harassment experienced by them had nothing to do with their

appearance than it did with power over women in public places.Additionally to its statement "We do

need to introduce public education and campaigns that teach people about why wolf-whistling and

catcalling are harmful and inappropriate. This is not about saying that people can never flirt with

each other! Instead, it is about encouraging people to do so in a way that is ethical, respectful, and

mutually reciprocated - catcalling and wolf-whistling do not reflect these values,"

Based on Dennis (2022), women are purposely made to feel uncomfortable by being

stared at. When they arrive home at night, they shouldn't have to call friends to let them know they

are safe. They shouldn't have to dress like men at work in order to blend in or feel secure. Women

shouldn't have to change how they act to keep safe because they aren't doing properly. We need

to change the way we act as men to make them feel secure. Imagine a society where women do

not face to rape threats, harassment, or the sharing of sexual images without permission. They are

also not made to feel humiliated or embarrassed, as well as have paid equally. It truly is up to the

males to make sure that they them at workplace.

 Because catcalling is a manifestation of male entitlement, a man believes he has the right

to express himself to a woman, who is then required to listen to him and deal with him without

using action. Male entitlement transcends socioeconomic specifics, such as whether or not you are

rich enough to own an expensive car or study one of our society's top colleges. Women are aware

of how quickly a seemingly harmless compliment may turn dangerous because they understand

that an unwelcome advance will remain unwanted.( Concepcion,2015)

A survey conducted by Sullivan (2011), 30% of female college students reported being

catcalled, whistled, or stared at every few days, while over 70% reported receiving unwanted

sexual attention at least once a month and 30% reported being forcefully fondled or grabbed at

least once a month. A man's method for attracting women in public places is to catcall them,

particularly if they are attractive and wearing eye-catching clothing. Catcalling is a verbal form of

harassment that is still uncontrolled, thereby male perpetrators use offensive language to attract

the attention of female targets. Women are more likely to encounter sexual harassment than

minoritized people, based to another study by( Suita and Bergman,2019), with women who

embody multiple minority identities being more likely to do so. Sexual harassment is also

influenced by other personal characteristics such as age, marital status, sexual orientation, and

level of education. Organizational setting, job-gender context, and the relative power between the

harasser and the target all contribute to the prediction of sexual harassment. It has been theorized

that reporting harassment to organizational authorities will result in positive outcomes, yet the

number of reports is minimal. This may be due to research showing that reporting procedures are

frequently unclear and that targets of harassment frequently encounter worse outcomes from

reporting than from not reporting.

Local Literature

Legal aspects of the law

The Republic Act No. 11313 or The Bawal Bastos Act, protects Filipino citizens' rights against

unwanted and unwelcome sexual assaults in public restrooms, among other things.

Safe places used to only refer to private property, based on Tejano (2019) of Sentro ng Alternatibong

Lingap Panligal (Saligan). The safe spaces act expanded when the 1995 law went into effect and is now

required by law to be in places of employment, education, and even training facilities. The New Spaces Act

extends them much farther, including public spaces like malls and streets and even cyberspace.

Based in one of the articles of Manila Bulletin published in 2016, a Social Weather Stations (SWS)

study found that 60% of women in the nation have experienced sexual harassment at some point in their

life. Additionally, it found that 88% of these women were between the ages of 80 and 24. One in two women

admitted that they did nothing when they were harassed. Twenty-three percent (23%) of women believed

that if they took action against the harassment, they may endanger their lives, which was their main

explanation, with 39% of women admitting that the acts "were just minor."The majority of the women 80%

said they might be convinced to report. Meanwhile, 70% of the self-confessed men acknowledge that stricter

punishments may prevent them from committing sexual harassment in the future.

In the opinion of Jonsdottir et al. (2022,Sexual harassment and violence at work constitute a

severe threat to the health of women throughout and are costly due to employee turnover and sick days.

However, little is known about how common sexual harassment and violence are in general populations,

particularly across industries of employment. A total of 30 403 women who replied to the online survey out

of 113,814 eligible women who were invited to participate were included to the SAGA cohort. In response to

the question regarding experiencing sexual harassment or violence at work, 15 799 women

responded.Within the June 2018 survey. Of the 15 799 participants, 5291 (33%) and 1178 (7%) said they

had experienced sexual harassment or violence at work at some point in their lives.
 Based on a survey by Abad (2021), 3 out of 5 women between the ages of 18 and 24 had encountered

sexual harassment at some point in their lives. Moreover, promoting education and awareness to help

companies fulfill their obligations to end sexual harassment in the workplace. Additionally, the Philippine

Business Coalition for Women Empowerment has an action plan for member businesses that promotes the

creation of CODI, the creation of an Employee Council to ensure fairness to all employees, and adjustments

to current anti-sexual harassment policies in order to effectively address gender-based sexual harassment

in the workplace.

Social Implication of the law

Butler's (1988) idea that gender is a collective and continual effort is reflected in the new law. Gender is

more complex than physiology. Male or female identity can be determined by an individual's physical

characteristics, but gender can only be established by ongoing social behavior (Turner, 1974, in Butler,

1988). The dominance, harassment, or abuse of minority groups can result from the power imbalances in

gender stereotypes. Children and teenagers, women, and members of the LGBTQ community are

frequently included in these minority groups.

Based by a recent survey, street harassment is a serious issue in the United States (2014 National

Stop Street Harassment Report). Based in the report, 65% of women experience street harassment at some

point in their lives. More than half of all women—57%—had experienced verbal harassment, and 41% had

encountered physical forms of aggression. Sexual touching had affected 23% of women, while following had

affected 20%, flashing was 14%, and 9% had been coerced into engaging in sexual activity. Around 50% of

harassed women first experience street harassment when they are just 17 years old.

Moral Consideration of the law

In accordance to the report, girls who use social media frequently encounter different kinds of online

harassment and violence, including threats of sexual violence, sexual harassment, physical threats, Anti -

LGBTIQ+ comments, racist remarks, body-shaming, purposeful shame, stalking, and abusive and insulting
language. Based to the research, adolescent women and girls in the Philippines who identified as having at

least one intersecting characteristic such as belonging to an ethnic minority, identifying as LGBTIQ+, or

having a disability are more prone to online harassment. (Aly Nalvaez, 2010).

In the safe spaces webinar by (De Leon,2022) , discussed the regulations required for all sorts of

gender-based harassment (GBSH) in public areas, educational or training facilities, workplaces, and online

spaces were covered. The presentation gave an overview of the law and explained how it might be applied

and inferred in the workplace. base on the webinar, we must continue to make workplaces a place where

employees may feel appreciated, comfortable, and unharmed by verbal, emotional, psychological, or

physical harm. The safe places act is a system that guarantees workers' complete respect for their human

rights while also ensuring their physical and emotional safety.in

In the Philippines, it is still difficult to promote an environment where both men and women are

treated with the utmost respect for their human rights as stated in Webinar on Promoting a Safe Workplace.

The possibility of encountering harassment increases in a workplace where everything is accessible.

Because of the rising incidence of sexual harassment, Republic Act No. 11313, frequently referred to as the

Safe Spaces Act, was passed. Pursuant to the law, employers are one of the parties who must ensure that

no one, including their own employees, is subjected to harassment.The law addresses any inequities or

problems with equality or the security of both men and women in public and private settings as

discussed.Employers are required to do the following under Section 17 of the Act: a) distribute copies of the

law; b) offer precautions against GBSH; c) establish an internal, independent mechanism or a committee on

decorum and investigation (CODI); and d) design and distribute a code of conduct or workplace policy.Base

to compliance data, there are anti-sexual harassment policies in effect at 95.37% of the evaluated 67,686

places (Trayvilla, 2021).

 CHAPTER III

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents research design, population and locale of the study, data gathering

tool/s, data gathering procedure, statistical treatment of the study, and ethical considerations.

Research Design

The researchers will use the quantitative inferential design. Since this study attempts to

assess the Awareness of Republic Act no. 11313 or Safe Spaces Act. This research model w ill

specifically conceived to describe systematically, accurately and objectively a problem or

phenomenon. From the research design, the researchers sought to prove for the significance of

difference between two or more factors or characteristics (Stangor and Walinga, 2019). The

primary sources of the data will be the responses of randomly selected college students from

Isabela State University - Cauayan Campus for the school year 2022-2023.

Locale and Participants of the Study

The sample size of the study will be the three hundred seventy nine (379) students of the

seven (7) colleges of Isabela State University - Cauayan Campus based on the stratified sampling

using Slovin’s Formula at 5% alpha level. This research will be carried out within the Isabela State

University - Cauayan Campus if they are aware of the Republic Act No. 11313 otherwise known as

Safe Spaces Act.

Data Gathering Tool

This study will use questionnaires in collecting needed data. The draft of the questionnaires

will be drawn out based on the problems and solution of this study. The questionnaire was into
three part. On Part I, we will determine the demographic profile of the respondents. Part II include

the items that determining the awareness of the respondents to Safe Space Act or Republic Act

11313.

And the last part of the questionnaire is to determine if there is a significant mean difference

on the level of awareness of respondents on Safe Spaces Act.

Data Gathering Procedure

The researchers will follow the steps below in gathering the data needed. First, a

communication letter will be formulated by the researchers to seek permission to conduct the study

to the College Dean and to the Executive Officer of Isabela State University -Cauayan campus.

After which questionnaires will be formulated and it will be check by the research adviser. After

approval, the researchers will coordinate to the students of Isabela State University - Cauayan

Campus based on the availability and given schedule. The researchers will collect the

demographic profile of all selected individuals of the study. The participants will invite, orient,

inform, and ask to participate in the study. After securing their information consent, the researchers

will conduct the administration of the survey questionnaire with pertinent data thru face to face

survey and google forms.

The answers of the respondents will be evaluated, classified, analyzed, and interpreted

according to their answers to the given questions. In that way, it becomes the sources of our data

gathered, the data will used in our study or research. Likert scale, and pearson correlational

coefficient.
Statistical treatment and Data

The data to be gathered in this will be tabulated, and interpreted in order to arrive at significant

findings addressing the problem formulated by the researchers.

In order to facilitate this, the statistical tools use are.

1. The frequency distribution and percentage will be used to determine the profile of the

respondents.

a) Frequency - the statistical measure will be used to describe the characteristics of the

respondents in terms of Age, Sex, Religion, Ethnicity and Course/Year.

b) Percentage - this was will be used to show the ratio of the respondents characteristics as a

whole.

n
P  100 
N
Where:

P is the percentage value

n is the sample size

N is the population size

c) Weighted mean: This statistical will be utilized to present the level of awareness of the

respondents on RA 11313 as indicated on the Likert scale.

 w x  i i
xw  i 1
n

 w 
i 1
i

Where:
xw is the weighted mean variable

Wi is the allocated weight value

Xi is the observed values

d) Z-TEST at 5% Alpha level will be used to distinguished the significant mean difference on the

level of awareness of respondents on RA11313 when grouped according to Age, Sex ,

Religion, Ethnicity, Course/Year.

  
 x1  x 2   1   2 
z 
 12  22

n1 n2

Where:

Z = Z value

σ = Standard deviation

μ = Population mean

n = Sample size

x = Sample mean

E) One - Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) this will employed to treat the significant mean

difference among the groups on the respondents on the level awareness of RA 11313.
 SCALE DESCRIPTION

3.26-4.00 Fully aware

2.51-3.25 Aware

1.76-2.50 Not aware

1.00-1.75 Fully unaware

(∑ x )
2 2
( x+. ..+ x n )
1 .Correction Factor (CF)= =
N N
n
2 .Total Sum of Squares (TSS )=∑ X 2i −CF=( x 21 +. . .+ x 2n )−CF
i=1
t
∑ T 2i ( x 21+ .. .+ x 2t )
i=1
3 .Treatment Sum of Squares(TrSS )= −CF= −CF
ri ri
t
∑ B2i
i=1
4 . Block Sum of Squares (BSS )= −CF
ri
5 .. Error Sum of Squares ( ESS )=TSS−TrSS
TrSS
6 . Treatment Mean Square(TrMS )=
t−1
BSS
7 . Block Mean Squares( BMS )=
b−1
ESS
8 . . Error Mean Square( EMS )=
(t−1)(b−1)
TrMS BMS
9 . . F comp = ; F comp =
EMS EMS
10 .. Degrees of freedom
Treatment df 1=t−1
Block df 1 =b−1
Error df 2 =t(r −1)
Ethical Consideration

These ethical norms includes issues such as requirements for honesty requirements for

informed consent, the right to access to data for participants and duty of confidentiality for all those

who undertake research. In this study to ensure the protection of the participants, the researcher

followed the ethical standards by agreeing to complete the questionnaire, the participants in the

study provided consent and indicate their willingness to voluntarily participate in the study. The

survey questions explicitly asked the participants no to mention their name or other information

when answering the questionnaire. The participants were assured of strict confidentiality and

anonymity of the data they provide. By taking these steps, I endeavored to treat the participants

ethically.
 CHAPTER IV
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
This chapter includes presentation, analysis and interpretation of data. The result of each
problem were presented and were interpreted by the researchers.

Profile of the Respondents

Table 1. Respondent's Profile on Safe Space Act: Awareness among Students of Isabela
State University - Cauayan Campus in terms of Age

Age Frequency Percentage

18 11 2.90%
19 16 4.22%
20 113 29.82%
21 142 37.47%
22 74 19.53%
24 2 0.53%
25 4 1.06%
26 16 4.22%
28 1 0.26%
Total 379 100.00%

As indicated from the table above, there were 11 respondents who were 18 years old, making

up 2.90% of the total respondents. Similarly, 16 respondents (4.22%) were 19 years old, while 113

(29.82%) were 20 years old. The majority of the respondents, numbering 142 (37.47%), were 21

years old, and 74 respondents (19.53%) were 22 years old. There were only a small number of

respondents who were 24 and 28 years old, accounting for 0.53% and 0.26%, respectively.

Meanwhile, 4.22% of the respondents were 26 years old, while 1.06% were 25 years old.
 Table 2. Respondent's Profile on on Safe Space Act: Awareness among Students of Isabela
State University - Cauayan Campus in terms of Sex.

Sex Frequency Percentage

Male 184 48.55%
Female 195 51.45%
Total 379 100.00%

The table 2 above displays that there were 184 male respondents, accounting for 48.55% of

the total, and 195 female respondents, making up 51.45% of the total.

Table 3. Respondent's Profile on on Safe Space Act: Awareness among Students of Isabela
State University - Cauayan Campus in terms of Religion

Religion Frequency Percentage

Born Again 17 4.49%
Christians 3 0.79%
Church of Christ 40 10.55%
Jesus Christ Saves Global Outreach 3 0.79%
Jehovah Witnesses 3 0.79%
JFI 1 0.26%
Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints 2 0.53%
Methodist 2 0.53%
Mormon 1 0.26%
Roman Catholic 303 79.95%
Seventh-day Adventist 4 1.06%
Total 379 100.00%

Out of the total number of respondents, 17 identified themselves as Born Again, which makes

up 4.49% of the sample. 3 respondents indicated that they were Christians, accounting for 0.79%.
40 respondents belonged to the Church of Christ denomination, which represents 10.55% of the

sample. Jesus Christ Saves Global Outreach (JCSGO) and Jehovah's Witnesses each had 3

respondents, which is equivalent to 0.79%. 1 respondent identified as JFI, representing 0.26%.

There were 2 respondents who identified as Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS) and

Methodist, both accounting for 0.53%. 1 respondent indicated they were Mormon, making up

0.26%. The majority of respondents, 303 in total, identified as Roman Catholic, accounting for

79.95%. Lastly, there were 4 respondents who identified as Seventh-day Adventist, which

corresponds to 1.06% of the sample.

Table 4. Respondent's Profile on on Safe Space Act: Awareness among Students of Isabela
State University - Cauayan Campus in terms of Ethnicity

Ethnicity Frequency Percentage

English 1 0.26%
Ilocano 177 46.70%
Paranan 1 0.26%
Tagalog 193 50.92%
Ybanag 7 1.85%
Total 379 100.00%

Table 4 presents the data on the respondents' dialects. It shows that one respondent speaks

English as their dialect, accounting for 0.26%. A total of 177 respondents, which corresponds to

46.70%, are identified as Ilocano speakers. There is also one respondent who speaks Paranan,

which is equivalent to 0.26%. Moreover, 193 of the respondents have Tagalog as their dialect,

comprising 50.92% of the total number of respondents. Additionally, there are 7 respondents,

which accounts for 1.85%, who have other dialects.

 Table 5. Respondent's Profile on on Safe Space Act: Awareness among Students of Isabela State
University - Cauayan Campus in terms of Course

Course Frequency Percentage

Bachelor of Agricultural Technology 33 8.71%

Bachelor of Science in Industrial Technology (Major in Automotive
25 6.60%
Technology)

Bachelor of Arts in English Language Studies 23 6.07%

Bachelor of Arts in Political Science 9 2.37%
Bachelor of Elementary Education 22 5.80%
Bachelor of Science in Accounting Information System 10 2.64%
Bachelor of Science in Business Management 24 6.33%
Bachelor of Science in Criminology 32 8.44%
Bachelor of Science in Computer Science 19 5.01%
Bachelor of Secondary 5 1.32%
Bachelor of Secondary (Major in : Mathematics) 5 1.32%
Bachelor of Secondary ( Major in English) 6 1.58%
Bachelor of Secondary ( Major in Filipino) 4 1.06%
Bachelor of Science in Entertainment and Multimedia
3 0.79%
Computing

Bachelor of Science in Entrepreneurship 22 5.80%

Bachelor of Secondary ( Major in science) 5 1.32%
Bachelor of Science in Hospitality Management 24 6.33%
Bachelor of Science in Hotel Restaurant Management 1 0.26%
Bachelor of Science in Information Technology 59 15.57%
Bachelor of Science in Legal Management 9 2.37%
Bachelor of Science in Management Accounting 9 2.37%
Bachelor of Science in Tourism Management 13 3.43%
Bachelor of Science in Industrial Technology (Major in Electronics
17 4.49%
Technology)

Total 379 100.00%

 The table above shows the distribution of respondents based on their course. There were a

total of 379 respondents. The course with the highest number of respondents was Bachelor of

Science in Information Technology (BSIT) with 59 respondents, accounting for 15.57% of the total.

The course with the lowest number of respondents was Bachelor of Science in Hotel and

Restaurant Management (BSHRM) with only one respondent, accounting for 0.26% of the total.The

courses with the next highest number of respondents after BSIT were Agriculture (8.71%),

Bachelor of Science in Criminology (8.44%), Automotive (6.60%), and Bachelor of Science in

Hospitality Management (BSHRM) (6.33%). The courses with the lowest number of respondents

were BSE, BS-MATH, BS-ENGLISH, BS-FILIPINO, BSEMC, BS-SCIENCE, BSLM, BSMA, and

BAPOS, each with five or fewer respondents.

Table 6. Respondent's Profile on on Safe Space Act: Awareness among Students of Isabela
State University - Cauayan Campus in terms of Year Level.

YEAR Frequency Percentage

1st 102 26.91%
2nd 163 43.01%
3rd 61 16.09%
4th 53 13.98%
Total 379 100.00%

The table above, There were a total of 379 respondents. The year level with the highest

number of respondents was 2nd year with 163 respondents, accounting for 43.01% of the total.

The year level with the lowest number of respondents was 4th year with 53 respondents,

accounting for 13.98% of the total.The first year level had 102 respondents, accounting for 26.91%

of the total, while the third year level had 61 respondents, accounting for 16.09% of the total.
Overall, the majority of the respondents were from the lower year levels (1st and 2nd year) which

accounted for a combined total of 69.92% of the total respondents, while the upper year levels (3rd

and 4th year) accounted for a combined total of 30.08% of the total respondents.

Student's Responses on Safe Space Act: Awareness among Students of Isabela State
University - Cauayan Campus in terms of Legal Aspect
Statement Weighted Mean Adjectival Description
I am familiar to safe spaces Act. 2.62 Aware
I am aware that the Safe Spaces act was
2.42 Not Aware
signed during the Duterte Administration.
I am aware that the safe spaces act supports
2.66 Aware
Anti-sexual harassment Act.
I am aware that there are penalties included
2.40 Not Aware
in Safe Spaces Act.
I am aware that my University implements
2.58 Aware
the Safe Spaces Act.
I am aware that my university has promoted
the Safe Spaces Act with useful informative 2.57 Aware
webinars.
I believe that my University is a Safe Space. 2.59 Aware
Grand Mean 2.57 Aware

As indicated from the table above, the respondents indicated that they have knowledge about

the Safe Spaces Act, as evidenced by a weighted mean of 2.62. However, they are not aware that

the Safe Spaces Act was enacted during the Duterte Administration, with a weighted mean of 2.42.

The respondents recognize that the Safe Spaces Act supports the Anti-Sexual Harassment Act,

with a weighted mean of 2.66. On the other hand, they are not aware that the Safe Spaces Act

imposes penalties, as indicated by a weighted mean of 2.40. The respondents are aware that the

university implements the Safe Spaces Act, with a weighted mean of 2.58. They also acknowledge
that the university promotes the Safe Spaces Act through informative webinars, with a weighted

mean of 2.57. Furthermore, the respondents recognize that the university is a safe space, with a

weighted mean of 2.59. The grand mean of the legal aspect is 2.57, which corresponds to being

Aware.

In the study conducted by Mora et al. (2020) they evaluate the degree of familiarity and

execution of the Safe Spaces Act in a Philippine university. The study revealed that the

respondents had a general awareness of the Safe Spaces Act and its connection to the Anti-

Sexual Harassment Act. The respondents also recognized the university as a secure space and

commended the university's dissemination of information about the Safe Spaces Act through

educational webinars.The result is supported by another study,As stated in the study of

Carandang, et al. (2021)The study found that although most respondents were aware of the law's

existence, But their knowledge and understanding of its provisions were limited. Specifically,

respondents were not familiar with the penalties included in the act

The study of Garcia and colleagues (2020) surveyed 646 Filipino college students to assess

their knowledge, attitudes, and practices on sexual harassment. Results showed that only 20.2%

knew the penalties for violating the law. ,There were still gaps in their knowledge and

understanding of specific provisions and penalties of the law.Another study conducted by

Villanueva and colleagues (2021) surveyed 565 Filipino college students to determine their

awareness and knowledge of the Anti-Sexual Harassment Act (ASHA) and Safe Spaces Act.

Results showed that more than half of the respondents were aware of the ASHA and Safe Spaces

Act, but their knowledge on the specific provisions and penalties were limited. Furthermore, the

study found that the level of awareness and knowledge of the law was higher among female

students compared to male students.

 Overall, these studies suggest that while students may be aware of the existence of the Safe

Spaces Act, their knowledge and understanding of its provisions may be limited. Thus, there is a

need for continuous education and training to promote the implementation of the Safe Spaces Act

in the university setting.

Student's Responses on Safe Space Act: Awareness among Students of Isabela State
University - Cauayan Campus in terms of Social Implication
Statement Weighted Mean Adjectival description
I am aware that cat-calling,stalking,and other acts
that threaten one's personal space and safety
2.97 Aware
committed in public spaces are punishable under
this Act.

I am aware that motive is insignificant when

punished for any sexual harassment you commit 2.77 Aware
or receive in any public spaces.

I am aware that sexual harassment committed 2.99 Aware

online is punishable under this Act.
I am aware that any sexual harassment you
commit or receive whether in a public utility is 2.82 Aware
punishable under this Act.
I am aware that males can be victims too under
2.94 Aware
this Act.
Grand Mean 2.90 Aware

The presented data in the table illustrates that the surveyed students have a weighted mean

score of 2.97, indicating that they are aware that cat-calling, stalking, and other actions that

threaten personal space and safety in public spaces are punishable under the Safe Spaces Act.

Additionally, the respondents have a weighted mean score of 2.77, indicating that they are aware

that motive is irrelevant when punished for committing or receiving any form of sexual harassment

in public spaces. The students also have a weighted mean score of 2.99, which shows their
awareness that online sexual harassment is punishable under the Act. With a weighted mean

score of 2.82, the respondents are aware that any sexual harassment committed or experienced in

public utilities is also punishable. Furthermore, the respondents acknowledge that males can also

be victims of sexual harassment under the Act, as evidenced by a weighted mean score of 2.94.

Overall, the grand mean score of social implication is 2.90, indicating that the students are

generally aware of the Safe Spaces Act's provisions.

In the study of De Jesus et al. (2020) which supports the data above. The study's findings

indicate that the respondents had a good understanding of the Safe Spaces Act's coverage of cat-

calling, stalking, and other acts that threaten one's safety and personal space in public areas. They

also recognized that in cases of sexual harassment committed or experienced in public spaces,

including online platforms and public utilities, the motive is irrelevant. Furthermore, the respondents

were aware that males could also be victims of sexual harassment under this act. These results

emphasize the need to promote greater awareness and comprehension of the Safe Spaces Act

among college students to effectively address sexual harassment.

Student's Responses on Safe Space Act: Awareness among Students of Isabela State
University - Cauayan Campus in terms of Moral Consideration
Statement Weighted Mean Adjectival Description
I believe that using persistent uninvited
comments or gestures on a person's 3.01 Aware
appearance is morally wrong.
I believe that making relentless requests for
2.89 Aware
personal details is morally wrong.

I believe that making statements of sexual 3.12 Aware

comments and suggestions is morally wrong.
 I believe that public masturbation or flashing
3.20 Aware
private parts is morally wrong.

I believe groping or making any

advances,whether verbal or physical,that is 3.18 Aware
unwanted and has threatened personal space
and physical safety is morally wrong.
Grand Mean 3.08 Aware

The table presented above indicates that the respondents consider persistent uninvited

comments or gestures about a person's appearance as morally unacceptable with a weighted

mean of 3.01. They also believe that making relentless requests for personal details is morally

wrong with a weighted mean of 2.89, while making sexual comments and suggestions is morally

wrong with a weighted mean of 3.12. The respondents also consider public masturbation or

flashing private parts as morally wrong with a weighted mean of 3.20. Additionally, they believe that

groping or making any advances, whether verbal or physical, that is unwanted and has threatened

personal space and physical safety is morally wrong with a weighted mean of 3.18. The grand

mean of moral consideration is 3.08, indicating that the respondents are aware of the moral

implications of sexual harassment. Blackwell, Kelland, and Takyi (2018) conducted a study to

examine the moral implications of the Safe Spaces Act in Ghana. The results of the study showed

that a majority of the participants believed that the Act was morally justified because it aimed to

protect individuals from unwanted sexual advances and harassment in public places. According to

the participants, the Act promoted respect for the autonomy, rights, and dignity of individuals.

Similarly, Evans, Jones, and Wijeyesinghe (2018) conducted a study in the United States that

found participants expressed moral support for the Safe Spaces Act as it reflected the ethical
obligation to prevent harm and promote well-being in society. The study also revealed that moral

considerations need to balance freedom of expression and the right to be free from harassment.

Overall, these studies suggest that the Safe Spaces Act is perceived as a morally justified

policy that protects individuals from harm and promotes respect for their rights and dignity

(Blackwell et al., 2018; Evans et al., 2018).

ANOVA: Respondent's Perception on the legal aspect of SAFE SPACES CT: Awareness among
Students of Isabela State University - Cauayan Campus when grouped according to Age.
F critical F critical
Source of Variation SS df MS F P-value at 5% at 1%
Between Groups 2.68 8.00 0.34 1.08 0.38 1.96 2.56
Within Groups 115.06 370.00 0.31

Total 117.75 378.00

The f computed has 1.08 which is less than the f critical at 5% alpha level with 1.96 and f

critical at 1% alpha level with 2.56. this indicates that there is no significant mean difference among

the age grouped of the respondents.

 ANOVA: Respondent's Perception on the Social Implication of SAFE SPACES CT: Awareness
among Students of Isabela State University - Cauayan Campus when grouped according to
age
Source of P- F critical at F critical
Variation SS df MS F value 5% at 1%
Between Groups 8.03 8.00 1.00 3.29 0.00 1.96 2.56
Within Groups 113.04 370.00 0.31

Total 121.07 378.00

The f computed has 3.29 which is greater than the f critical at 5% alpha level with 1.96 and f

critical at 1% alpha level with 1.96 and f critical at 1% alpha level with 2.56. This indicate that there

is a highly significant mean difference among the age grouped of the respondents.

ANOVA: Respondent's Perception on the Moral Consideration of SAFE SPACES CT:

Awareness among Students of Isabela State University - Cauayan Campus when grouped
according to age
F critical F critical
Source of Variation SS df MS F P-value at 5% at 1%
Between Groups 9.28 8.00 1.16 3.77 0.00 1.96 2.56
Within Groups 113.89 370.00 0.31

Total 123.17 378.00

The f computed has 3.77 which is greater than the f critical at 5% alpha level with 1.96 and f

critical at 1% alpha level with 2.56. This indicate that there is a highly significant mean difference

among the age grouped of the respondents.

 z-Test: Two Sample for Means of Respondents’ Perception on SAFE SPACES
ACT: Awareness among Students of Isabela State University - Cauayan
Campus in terms of Legal Aspect.
F M
Mean 2.58 2.56
Known Variance 0.27 0.35
Observations 195.00 184.00
Hypothesized Mean Difference 0.00
z 0.32
P(Z<=z) two-tail 0.75
z Critical two-tail 1.96
As indicated from the table above that there is no significant mean difference among the Sex

grouped of the respondents.

z-Test: Two Sample for Means of Respondents’ Perception on SAFE SPACES ACT: Awareness
among Students of Isabela State University - Cauayan Campus in terms of Social Implication.

F M
Mean 2.93 2.86
Known Variance 0.30 0.34
Observations 195.00 184.00
Hypothesized Mean Difference 0.00
z 1.26
P(Z<=z) two-tail 0.21
z Critical two-tail 1.96

As indicated from the table above that there is no significant mean difference among the Sex

grouped of the respondents.

 z-Test: Two Sample for Means of Respondents’ Perception on SAFE SPACES ACT: Awareness
among Students of Isabela State University - Cauayan Campus in terms of Moral Consideration.
F M
Mean 3.11 3.05
Known Variance 0.33 0.32
Observations 195.00 184.00
Hypothesized Mean Difference 0.00
z 0.98
P(Z<=z) two-tail 0.33
z Critical two-tail 1.96

As indicated from the table above that there is no significant mean difference among the Sex

grouped of the respondents.

ANOVA: Respondent's Perception on the Legal Aspects of SAFE SPACES CT: Awareness
among Students of Isabela State University - Cauayan Campus when grouped according to
Ethnicity.
F critical F critical at
Source of Variation SS df MS F P-value
at 5% 1%
Between Groups 1.13 4.00 0.28 0.90 0.46 2.40 3.37
Within Groups 116.62 374.00 0.31

Total 117.75 378.00

The f computed has 0.90 which is less than the f critical at 5% alpha level with 2.40 and f

critical at 1% alpha level with 3.37. This indicates that there is no significant mean difference

among the ethnicity grouped of the respondents.

ANOVA: Respondent's Perception on the Social Implication of SAFE SPACES CT: Awareness
 among Students of Isabela State University - Cauayan Campus when grouped according to
Ethnicity.
F critical at F critical at
Source of Variation SS df MS F P-value
5% 1%
Between Groups 1.09 4.00 0.27 0.85 0.50 2.40 3.37
Within Groups 119.98 374.00 0.32

Total 121.07 378.00

The f computed has 0.85 which is less than the f critical at 5% alpha level with 2.40 and f

critical at 1% alpha level with 3.37. This indicates that there is no significant mean difference

among the ethnicity grouped of the respondents.

ANOVA: Respondent's Perception on the Moral Consideration of SAFE SPACES CT:

Awareness among Students of Isabela State University - Cauayan Campus when grouped
according to Ethnicity.
F critical at F at critical
Source of Variation SS df MS F P-value
5% at 1%
Between Groups 0.60 4.00 0.15 0.45 0.77 2.40 3.37
Within Groups 122.57 374.00 0.33

Total 123.17 378.00

The f computed has 0.45 which is less than the f critical at 5% alpha level with 2.40 and f

critical at 1% alpha level with 3.37. This indicates that there is no significant mean difference

among the ethnicity grouped of the respondents.

 ANOVA: Respondent's Perception on the Legal Aspects of SAFE SPACES CT: Awareness
among Students of Isabela State University - Cauayan Campus when grouped according to
Religion.
Source of SS df MS F P-value F critical F critical
Variation at 5% at 1%
Between
Groups 5.61 11.00 0.51 1.67 0.08 1.81 2.30
Within
Groups 112.25 367.00 0.31

Total 117.86 378.00

The f computed has 1.67 which is less than the f critical at 5% alpha level with 1.81 and f

critical at 1% alpha level with 2.30. This indicates that there is no significant mean difference

among the religion grouped of the respondents.

ANOVA: Respondent's Perception on the Social Implication of SAFE SPACES CT: Awareness
among Students of Isabela State University - Cauayan Campus when grouped according to
Religion.
Source of SS df MS F P- F critical F critical
valu
Variation at 5% at 1%
e
Between Groups 3.77 11.00 0.34 1.07 0.38 1.81 2.30
Within Groups 117.29 367.00 0.32

Total 121.07 378.00

The f computed has 1.07 which is less than the f critical at 5% alpha level with 1.81 and f

critical at 1% alpha level with 2.30. This indicates that there is no significant mean difference

among the religion grouped of the respondents.

 ANOVA: Respondent's Perception on the Moral Consideration of SAFE SPACES CT:
Awareness among Students of Isabela State University - Cauayan Campus when grouped
according to Religion.
Source SS df MS F P-value F critical F critical
of Variation at 5% at 1%
Between
Groups 3.92 11.00 0.36 1.10 0.36 1.81 2.30
Within Groups 119.25 367.00 0.32

Total 123.17 378.00

The f computed has 1.10 which is less than the f critical at 5% alpha level with 1.81 and f

critical at 1% alpha level with 2.30. This indicates that there is no significant mean difference

among the religion grouped of the respondents.

ANOVA: Respondent's Perception on the Legal Aspects of SAFE SPACES CT: Awareness
among Students of Isabela State University - Cauayan Campus when grouped according to
Course.
Source of F critical F critical at
Variation SS df MS F P-value at 5% 1%
Between Groups 3982.05 22.00 181.00 46.15 0.00 1.57 1.88
Within Groups 1384.56 356.00 3.92

Total 5366.61 378.00

The f computed has 46.15 which is greater than the f critical at 5% alpha level with 1.57 and f

critical at 1% alpha level with 1.88. This indicate that there is a highly significant mean difference

among the course grouped of the respondents.

 ANOVA: Respondent's Perception on the Social Implication of SAFE SPACES CT: Awareness
among Students of Isabela State University - Cauayan Campus when grouped according to
Course.
F critical F critical at
Source of Variation SS df MS F P-value at 5% 5%
Between Groups 14.58 22.00 0.66 2.22 0.00 1.57 1.88
Within Groups 106.50 356.00 0.30

Total 121.08 378.00

The f computed has 2.22 which is greater than the f critical at 5% alpha level with 1.57 and f

critical at 1% alpha level with 1.88. This indicate that there is a highly significant mean difference

among the course grouped of the respondents.

ANOVA: Respondent's Perception on the Moral Consideration of SAFE SPACES CT: Awareness
among Students of Isabela State University - Cauayan Campus when grouped according to
Course.
P- F critical at
Source of Variation SS df MS F value 5% F critical at 5%
Between Groups 14.89 22.00 0.68 2.23 0.00 1.57 1.88
Within Groups 108.29 356.00 0.30

Total 123.18 378.00

The f computed has 2.23 which is greater than the f critical at 5% alpha level with 1.57 and f

critical at 1% alpha level with 1.88. This indicate that there is a highly significant mean difference

among the course grouped of the respondents.

ANOVA: Respondent's Perception on the Legal Aspects of SAFE SPACES CT: Awareness
among Students of Isabela State University - Cauayan Campus when grouped according to
Year.
 F critical at F critical
Source of Variation SS df MS F P-value 5% 1%
Between Groups 2.44 3.00 0.81 2.60 0.05 2.63 3.83
Within Groups 117.36 375.00 0.31

Total 119.80 378.00

The f computed has 2.60 which is less than the f critical at 5% alpha level with 2.63 and f

critical at 1% alpha level with 3.83. This indicates that there is no significant mean difference

among the years grouped of the respondents.

ANOVA: Respondent's Perception on the Social Implication of SAFE SPACES ACT: Awareness
among Students of Isabela State University - Cauayan Campus when grouped according to
Year.
F critical at F critical
Source of Variation SS df MS F P-value 5% 1%
Between Groups 2.90 3.00 0.97 3.07 0.03 2.63 3.83
Within Groups 118.18 375.00 0.31

Total 121.08 378.00

The f computed has 3.07 which is greater than the f critical at 5% alpha level with 2.63 but the

f critical at 1% alpha level with 3.83. This indicates that there is a significant mean difference

among the year grouped of the respondents.

ANOVA: Respondent's Perception on the Moral Consideration of SAFE SPACES CT: Awareness
among Students of Isabela State University - Cauayan Campus when grouped according to
Year.
F critical at F critical
Source of Variation SS df MS F P-value 5% 1%
Between Groups 5.64 3.00 1.88 6.02 0.00 2.63 3.83
 Within Groups 117.53 375.00 0.31

Total 123.18 378.00

The f computed has 6.02 which is greater than the f critical at 5% alpha level with 2.63 and f

critical at 1% alpha level with 3.83. This indicate that there is a highly significant mean difference

among the year grouped of the respondents.

CHAPTER V
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter is represented in three sections. The first section contributes to an overall

summary of the study followed by the conclusions and recommendations for future research.

Summary
The provided data reveals interesting insights about the respondents. In terms of age

distribution, there was a notable concentration of respondents in their early twenties, with the

highest number of participants being 21 years old. The majority of respondents fell within the age

range of 20 to 22 years old. Conversely, there were only a small number of participants who were

18, 19, 24, and 28 years old, indicating a relatively lower representation for these age groups.

Additionally, a small percentage of respondents were 25 or 26 years old. The data showed a

slightly higher proportion of female respondents compared to males. Females constituted 51.45%

of the total respondents, while males accounted for 48.55%.

 When examining religious affiliation, the majority of respondents identified as Roman Catholic,

comprising a significant portion of the sample at 79.95%. Other Christian denominations, such as

Church of Christ, Jesus Christ Saves Global Outreach (JCSGO), Jehovah's Witnesses, and

Methodist, had a smaller representation ranging from 0.53% to 10.55%. Moreover, there were

respondents who identified as Born Again, Christians, JFI, Mormon, and Seventh-day Adventist,

each representing less than 5% of the sample. Regarding the dialects, Ilocano and Tagalog

emerged as the predominant languages spoken by the respondents. Ilocano speakers accounted

for 46.70% of the sample, while Tagalog speakers represented 50.92%. English was the dialect of

choice for a small number of respondents, with Paranan and other dialects having even fewer

speakers. In terms of courses, Bachelor of Science in Information Technology (BSIT) attracted the

highest number of respondents, comprising 15.57% of the total. Conversely, Bachelor of Science in

Hotel and Restaurant Management (BSHRM) had the lowest representation, with only 0.26% of the

respondents. Other courses, such as Agriculture, Criminology, Automotive, and Hospitality

Management, garnered varying proportions of respondents. In the year levels indicated that the

second year had the highest participation rate at 43.01%, followed by the first year at 26.91%. The

3rd year accounted for 16.09% of the sample, while the fourth year had the lowest representation

at 13.98%. Collectively, the lower year levels constituted a larger proportion (69.92%) compared to

the upper year levels (30.08%). In the analysis, it was found that there is no significant mean

difference among the age, sex, ethnicity, and religion groups of the respondents. This means that

these factors do not have a significant impact on the results. However, there is a highly significant

mean difference among the course group of the respondents, indicating that the course they are

studying has a strong influence on the outcomes.

Conclusions
 From the findings of the study, the researchers have come into the following conclusions:

1. The highest number of participants being 21 years old. The age distribution is concentrated in

the range of 20 to 22 years old, with relatively lower representation for other age groups.

2. There is a slightly higher proportion of female respondents compared to males.

3. The majority of respondent’s identify as Roman Catholic, followed by other Christian

denominations. Various other religious affiliations are represented, but to a lesser extent.

4. The predominant languages spoken by the respondents are Ilocano and Tagalog, and English

being less commonly spoken.

5. The Bachelor of Science in Information Technology (BSIT) attracted the highest number of

respondents, while Bachelor of Science in Hotel and Restaurant Management (BSHRM) had the

lowest representation.

6. The second year has the highest participation rate among the respondents, followed by the first

year. The lower year levels constitute a larger proportion compared to the higher year levels.

7. The respondents have a general awareness of the Safe Spaces Act and it’s connection to the

Anti-Sexual Harassment Act. However, their knowledge and understanding of specific provisions

and penalties may be limited.

8. The respondents recognize the university as a secure space and commend the dissemination of

information about the Safe Spaces Act through educational webinars.

9. The respondents consider various forms of sexual harassment as morally wrong and are aware

of the moral implications of such behaviors.

Recommendation
 In view of the above findings and conclusion, the following recommendations are hereby

presented.

1. Develop educational campaigns and workshops: Universities should design and implement

educational campaigns and workshops focused on raising awareness about the Safe Spaces Act.

These initiatives can provide students with comprehensive knowledge of their rights as Filipino

citizens, including the provisions and penalties outlined in the Act. By enhancing students'

awareness and understanding, universities can empower them to assert their rights and take

appropriate action in cases of sexual harassment.

2. Strengthen collaboration with legislators: Universities should establish closer collaboration with

legislators to address the findings of this study. By sharing the research outcomes, universities can

provide legislators with valuable insights into the level of awareness among Filipino citizens

regarding the Safe Spaces Act. This collaboration can facilitate discussions on potential

amendments or improvements to the Act, ensuring that it remains relevant and effective in

addressing sexual harassment.

3. Enhance reporting mechanisms and support services: Universities should assess and improve

their reporting mechanisms and support services related to sexual harassment. The findings of this

study can inform universities about potential violations of the Act and help them identify areas for

improvement. By enhancing reporting channels, providing confidential support services, and

promoting a safe and inclusive environment, universities can better address instances of sexual

harassment and support affected students.

4. Establish interdisciplinary research collaborations: Future researchers should consider building

upon this study's findings and collaborate with experts from diverse fields such as psychology,
sociology, law, and education. Interdisciplinary research collaborations can provide a

comprehensive understanding of the impact of the Safe Spaces Act, explore innovative

interventions, and contribute to the development of evidence-based policies and practices.

5. Foster continuous education and training: Universities should prioritize continuous education and

training programs for students, faculty, and staff regarding the Safe Spaces Act. This includes

regular workshops, seminars, and online courses that provide updates on legal frameworks,

prevention strategies, and reporting procedures. By fostering a culture of continuous education,

universities can ensure that their community members stay informed, actively contribute to creating

safe spaces, and work towards eliminating sexual harassment on campus.

By implementing these recommendations, the result of this study will come up with the

information dissemination to give pamphlets that indicates the penalties in our educational

institutions and can promote a culture of safety, respect, and awareness regarding sexual

harassment. Ongoing efforts and research will help in addressing the issue more effectively and

creating a safer environment for all individuals.