Date: _/_/__ study hme uo rug eo Hm 1 saP 500 suis SSS8S088 An atoms is copuned as smaltest writ Dhat remain “Dfie _ Prvpertier Bl an ekment * +ftomue Models ~ Different atomic modets different Scentie atte geuen en order I t=_| eftomeon todet ik 2: | Rutherford Model oS S- | Bohr’s Model = 4 | scammer Feta Modet | 5 Veetor = Rutherford ’s - partite Scattering Experuinent - = q Xmpasite vt [Helium] |He® nedeus = ane? = Mars | x- partite = d-omu => 664% 10% tg 1 Charge Of A- partcek = +2¢ = 2K 1-6x 10 9¢ B+3-ax toe Composiaon Of x - partile = 2 pacton 4 2 neutron V Under “ofe quidance 9 Rutherford , 1 eug er V ond tans nN sn 4944 perfor a Fernoug ye partite “Seattering — exberirment = | fe eapertinental arrangement fer a— particle Seatering exp. it i Ni S ’ gash ion = 4 g § “= Scanned with CamScannerSubject Date: _/_1. S414 tome i 7 Ses ll Seren Tens] +> Gold Fel Yom) ~ z os pannieke “Shun gota fort List) m ‘ Flourercent ‘Seren (ers J Sourgee{ on = pofetlate Et e head bricke bean # ‘ Batkoard Y patactor Scattered, { 233 x -pariele | Microscope) eee ‘Scanned with CamScannerDate: _/__/__ See SEE | Subject. i sey Rutherford Bombardent Q- partrcler sch ugh 7 Speed (axtol m/sce) at very hen fete Lom) Of gold and et fell observation - 44 4 felibhourng isos: Of w- portcler -ecther pased ctoaupht Ox V Suffered very Smatt | ceftection V Fees Tew partecter where detected hyo ugh angle J a when where pegs Phen ‘ane _equat to qo U0) SH Rw particter where deflected “Btrwougt Wet J onal weaty chen 90. St wos Observed Rat Vouk eonty 1an 000 porbiler wes Keund to be oldpeccra qreeter’ Than 9o-enty wer few pantie Mebume baer te, V anaddl + cepeerPron -k 130° Conetivaon "she Fast hat move of V—partab : : paved undevrated ted to ot. contusion Shab atom Has a Lot 2 sete Space +n sk. 1 Xapartele care hey partioty haceng Hk anitiat Speed - (shen Could be. Ne pecstel rrowgh large Gyre onty by Strong elerty ince Force, “ORu led “to Rhtheora all coneleucn Bie entire tue charge ant nearty he enbre mes Of pes where ehbien . ak o& 4 centred ore Caled yyetens. Scanned with CamScannerstudy dine ates) aoe! SSSSS5 2 | Phe sifference an deftecten 9 vartous —_parba ; can | be eeefotein oe a \ id &- particles When part at greater dutance vrom ucts Suffer small © Vauptes Fon de bo Small septs 1 seat fer gral deftrebeon chee bo era nace teeea potecter i> whe particle whith paw chose +o Phy nuclitis qmeater force 4 rreputssera experiences comp arsiteorty Hance, deftecton —“Ohro sh \| grader angle 144) x parle traveling N acreckty towards Swed down and cs fovea and hen supetted U bosk. he 1807, SX Some Other Corelusvor. stopped by repulsion dedlarion V ruceleus become Rutherford conetuded That — No-oj o- particles scattered at an ongle @ i 1 Suen Ni what - v } Nie) x 7 \ San® | &/2 J fpoout 0-14 /. incident q-particte yeatter by | { more “Ohon i “shan 90", } Groph - qoout 1 our B sooo fet cftected move a Vsendy tame Bate: J. ———— Sees Ae b> Rutherford 's experunent 6 gested Ohat ~ Phe atte Of nucteug o, WW 9) order 2f 10'S m. Sve eV atom a of order oy 10 TM Y y Ss i ; ft 4 Phe ShiRnen O| Fock Rem [No-of Scattrred * é : &~ particte at Va constant angle of deviation i pb) i Sutakad ay S v : | N t = const Na = Ne 1 4 be “he weputsion force byw nucteus and a = particle a 5 F=1 Zex 2 : 47Eo #2 ‘ where; tees Charges! nuctetes Nea + 2e = charge of a-particle ; = atstanlle byo ham t Impeet Parameter ~ 7ahe compact parameter > tg deferisd a5 “he prependioutar distance q sineident yelouty _veotor Of a -particle ghV centre of nucle] shen Uk ae For aun from “lore nucleus — q | 22 tet Feo [ mv] wher, Tm Zee pa O~partece - | Scanned with CamScannerS study time Dom: _ ASBAAE Ac Sujet [ "— - —— Oo > px coop 7 No. 9/ a — partecle Scattere! Gy too per mun an on god Fert Tllustraton = dat 60" (La —particte oly = Cateutate * he - of ~panterle per coun Scattered ab go angle we Know hat N te) Xx 1 se TH) Heo = _K =! Figo" [ea] =< | N (60) = gun (45) = rag Oo), Ngo) L (ans 7 aa 2 fe) J 1/2.) Scanned with CamScannersendy time Date J. Se SSS3eSEE88 Os . ~ £ [2 Bistance ef Closest Approach — (site Bf Nucleus] | let hemor & ~partecter = initial vetocii Sf _X—partioty = Pfen, Ke 6 Waren — Ex ts 1 mv? —wW 2 Aso - partite approaches te ohe nucleus ib vetocttty ond Ke deereare and penalty becom cero. thu; su “oh gckuaion Voy Closest approach. Y let “Phe closest istance = 9. Then) P-6 Of System > U=1t zex2e — (uy VT 476 T, By he haw wf Conservatidn a Energy ~ V VY Vv €k= U 4 2=' 1 Tex 2 2 47D He "ita align ee vee Tee | Yew] Scanned with CamScanner. Subject. ote 7 _ = SEE Eocams le 12-4 = b Ho =? {= 77 Mev b Ho= 7 Ze K2e ate Fk L = oxte? x9 y¥2 (4-6 x10 19) r TIX 10% xe qc old = sox tom HK Rutherford Atomic Moder ¢ Postutates — Qn “Ohe basis 0f particle scattering exp. Rutherford sugested an atomic \[ modet and “Oheir “postutates are — a> F#natom const Of equat amounts Of tye and ve chage. Verse, arom 4 Vnuckear v o> Entire +e Charge and nearly endira = =maK ue Centra cll corel sugin Of Spheriiat abom called nucelens, Y V | c> She ve charged particles (electrons) aredistrebuted | Qu around whe muscles. phe -ve electron tuvelves Ground Whe nucleus and segs centripetae force tt provided by elecer Os tabi fovc3e b/w Lee, sand. a. mv? a 4 Zexe & Te rh phe nuectear camber is of “ohe order 6| toa’ and gto cuameter it \ Of “che Order! jord0, ¥ Scanned with CamScannerpes study time vi mee on) sub poe — oa chart e=-e@ [Centrepetat force] =|[Electro- Stati Force b/ (DD [Meets tind o= way mvt st zexe “= r t7Te r” Tim? 11 zer e 2 4qe 6 qari = Sear] a xX Bokr’s “toric Model ~(Hydrogen- like atom) oY atom and species tire V Hel» Li", Here o- smile t7 _crrevelves around “whe Statonary of +ve_Charg ea Ze, where 2=atomee (| no- 7 v Boehr’s 3 postutakes ore o4 Gelb. — Bohr proposed a _theom whieh apples to Hydrepen | 78 Postutates ~ | cireutar orbit] “S Dhere is a tve Charged nucleus mad =m ot ~Ohe centre 9/ Yeo \cnege=e aye YO + around whieh * (Fhe *e jevolues en cireular _orbub. | ( © a} “phe suquired centrpotat \ % | force it provided - YO ay colon fore Of attraction” (oj macros | Vivety charged / and e~ (vey Kena) VSP vadlig ©] nem obitatn vetocsty 9 [/ wereNuing ean nth Wee =a “phen, (| (| c0eneriperge force = colomb's force mv¥nar== 1 Zere Mn Ae Tn Scanned with CamScanner Ftstudy time ara Subjet__ SSeeeah8 myn = 7. were —ti) 47% fin and postuates — | Quantum conatiziprs ] discrete _[non-vactiating the eo mos tn " certain pri called stations eit for _whih for 4 whch “ore toon | | ei ah agra multiple = a nbeinis For nth orbutal — ing proving & Jenxh (4nguiar momentum Of srevolv! : j 1 A [onoos of en x veoetiy (2 \ mvntn a nae UW) ae srt Poseusates = | transition rule] — i at | hen “ofw _e- Temps from ons bbatlonary © of Figher a4 Ei to ansther [[-statio Seed oy Wiswer srergy ap 98 meat ener + a cingie _phoron of preg: q q \ ie errno tic cL em toe er -eg eho ~My J pO! Scanned with CamScannerDate: oe ea Subject = . to 1 Ractii 0] Puemitted orlt AACE pos eccalt ©] _Bohr’s_ model» mvi st Zexe Mn tTeo Ben mee 1 zexe UW) 470 Hn Ace. to 2% postulates ~ is mvata = mh —oy a On ee eqruiy end ving +h UU) wh | Vaqen 2'% en] { rev nb sek [xth2] Caqz I 1 — ft eh ye ent mstyy 47% Hn ath > &ns fonth™ pzete Ha fon ne — are 7 |e 7 — Gen = | 8:88 ¥ 40 = TE OP ne | E626 Rte Fee ) t ! eee Sta x F1X to eg (1-6X10 Ye) 2H on ae | (a AS Scanned with CamScannerstudy time aw Wy fo. h ae Soli bow 7p ¥ e CIPaISee he Ha = 0-55 x10! N*) meter ¥- _ - [ y= 0-53 ¥. — [eHt f m_ [z=1] i ( ye drogen) ato r (Sen) qe = 0-53 [tld t Gt) = 0-534 E Uioly =0-55x% 2° 4 (Fa) 0-53 2°AL L = and | (sly = 0-53¥ s*x4 =4y¢ qf Uherefore 5 ’ 2, 435t_-- ite: Ta impie--- ET: = ai 4i gi 16: a5-- - Veloce, Of O° +e nth orbit - We Brow that, Veg 15 postulate v mv = 7 Ze xe uU 4760 tn 8, 2 Pastutate — mvp = nh — ln) 21 from 4) (mvatin) Vn = Zeh Slee [ nh, [vp = Ze Ua + Teo Scanned with CamScannerDates _/_ sendy tame Ls Vas Zze™ x 27 4[eo ah [waz ze™ l 2 fonh | Va= [et J.[2]74 Cy gon d te Vase (16x 40719) > ney 2x 885 xt xe ernie try {Sea constant [ vas ats ete SIizprayittyees — U Wr Iryaregen = 2-19xJ0e So rf Sec n t Dherfore, veto js ; ; t Sey 8f em an 1S obit 9 aro. atom. f Rycregen | Walgreen = 2:19 St $ m/s 1 t (V2 | udrogen = 2:-19x 10£ m 2 / = 1-09 5x 10% me Scanned with CamScannerstudy time Rolanen ma HLL Set essen nth orbit — a 3 & Pe u * Potentiat Energy Of e7 4r Ath orbit — V “Whe charge Of mucky = tZe wha ctllne U gp corm study time Sujet SSSSG85 YS ~~ Ye Date: [hes spetten he as torn. = Fle +0 37% _Post\ sah model, when on Lu y r F L atom makes a tranginon “fom Tore vow State wth quantom no+ hy_to “he as ener; “State wth quantum nov Mf Dhan, acer to 3 portutate, — Eni 7 Eng = Av —Rhe | _[ -Rhe |] = he fay : npr J a Phigmen Serwes:— “OR certés emitted, when mg = and ni= 2-3/4 tere fr -1t 2 \ a4 Uae ne J where, = 2/3) 4/5: +. 02 wavelength Of 1st camber Bris series — v tee f 404s? J Mae [tT . tos Loss {tot} muter=t Aik [1 4 Aan = + meter BX 107K 107 = 1-216%107T m = 1216 ¥ 107!%m = 12146 4> Uv Scanned with CamScanner7 eT Date: _/__/__ study 1 em sara Sutjct_______— oa wave Length Of lost member Of Wren series Sn wha ease VV nso’, ne =4 t rl | “Oherefort, waveteng thr re S| tyman Serves {1 erxefi-t ) oan L4> ae 7q 1 = j.097 x tot £ x1) meter _] Deo t U | Agr = 1 meter 1 o97x1toF { = tx tot mso-gitt xt 4 tos# = ait suv ; : ~~ ott Vaca 2114 to t21eq whole Veerihl “Van Uv sugan . G t Bolmer Senes — On DAU sentir nf =rand i ee ai asl ob. 1 eri ae xe ne ot 2 aa ty Ot 46 member 0] Balmer serter ae Vy tune oF Largesp woelengh ; J v | Balmer sertes) VT opus cae, RU=3- Sn 1 ee J 1 -1 Aap coe) = oarytot JS 4-41 Vit / rr : > 4097x407 J 5 Y_ metre Uso J Aye= 36x 10t metye Sx1097 Scanned with CamScannerstudy time Subject, ae 6: 563 x 10°F om = 6565 A> wise aapeon Wavelength of last member 4 Batmen series Usmalece wavelength 9) Eza\\| Batmer certs J to zee ftit 2d oo 8 Leo J roe = + metre 1087x407 = e-6textoym = 3646 G > Uy Aug: ¥ VY “ORG genes Uke in visible wegen [18 few tires onty J often hat at waves tn UV sagen] V Aemitert Wy np se, ond ngage, : Toten, ([”([mrak_serée ic catuet -paschen_sertts end ia tn Snyre red agi Gumilanty 4 =e and Mis 5/6,7:+- ren, \| whis “serts & cated — Bacrett series and ingra wed region. V Suimitarty ngisS and mi = 67,8 hen, tet} cotted - Phand acrsivond ingra sud suegcon LT Scanned with CamScannerDato: __/_ ESTEE study tine ‘Subject, — Scanned with CamScannerstudy time ue. ———— Bese CES | Co neepttiat note = I QP an e- an single atom jumps to tevel prinépie quantum no. NV ‘ni — “Dhan, ohe max- no: 6{ photons emitted =(n~1) 2>| Sf “> © hyarogen tines sample “ohe 7 Of Vang ibm: sumped to level halerg pacineipthl quantum no+ when » he maar no: photons: emitted = n(n-1 2 ne, Excitation and Sxucitaton Potential / Resonance Potential — ed Excitation — “he process of aes energy by an _e7- show as to cays ee from a Nwwet V [evel be some niger tevel ee excitation. she energy seq sous to ays on e7 from jrount “sick to on excited state ots caued excitabor energy + for eg — bor Hypacrogen” VVatom Tse athe. enargy = lo Dev = 6i-E4 = [3 dev) “L138: 6ev) = 13: 6ev -3- tev = 1o:2ev Simitaryy » 2 exciation enerfy = 12:01 eV V = €s-£ = (et Ste) -(-13-6e = 12:09N Scanned with CamScannerDato: __/_/. } study tine sutoot______ SSSSe88 e- 4h an atom hagte he pd _Throwh which pump acderdte from a veep excttated state 6 calltd excitation poterstial. state Fiast exctation potential For H atom= 10-2 Volt : Jonisation and Sonigatan potential - : Dfe process Of Knocking an _e- out of dhe atom ated onisation\|. v Derisation Energy — St in aupined ag Oho energy vreq- to Wikenock our an e- -completery \V our Qf atom - Tonuation = Ex~ 61 = 0O-€, for Hato 5 G2 -13 ee sf for Hycregers atom And ionigation potential = 15-évolt t de - Broglie 's Explanation Oo} Bohr’s Second Postulate Top Quantisation. “oho bail! of de- Brogue’s principle, gohr Suggested hat whed circumperence 9 obit is intros rauleple 9 de- Broguers \| wavelength 0] matter (Passocated \F sth suediatle (len wooue “Ohen, ~ohat ovbit ‘will non eediative. for nt obe to be non~ radiative amin = nh ata = nxh J whee n= ine nal ™m-Va U VI mVnta= nh a Scanned with CamScannerstudy Subject time ns ——___/ SSSeee Second postulate — ‘“ Bohr's atomic model need 6th V ovhit Merit and Demerits 9| 6ohr's_“Oheony — 1D Merit - >-Ohe deter mination of C/mn (Specipe charge) for e- da emortly some () with Obtained * Sther methods. V > Uhe generat principle used by Bohr hag also been Succet spall plied to o ([ great no Of pheno- Slee a ee uonuabon of atoms. 2 Demeriti-ovhe amumpisn of Onty curator orbits ws ubterly unjuseiPiced « cs he spectros Serwt , “Ohrough agree excelrentoly ah case 3 He bur. net U eahtty for Hel] hi ete Se canl(t matel any coneuusan{| about “2 praniuan orl ~oAe Setteron mute whith applad to “phen Scanned with CamScannerChap 13 ote: J. dy time : toile suger_PRYSLCS Se85888 KT te = ? Composition and size Of — nucclews > wclear -force V | Mass Energy selation ES mer 02 mass Waepece > | Nuctear — fision ? | Nuetear fusion Composon 9/ Nucleus — 7 f Protan= Electron Hypothesis — W Expasn a _emusion 9 Al - particle from rurclerts, proton - electron Huypothesig Comes | santo ‘play but cue to V Fottoweng geaten | OL ut besos \ unexpertoble « ( 4 | Apete Heisgen berg uncertainity prinuple e~ can't exith (Uriiae “he ([ nureteng » Aprse 2 A q ' +7 oR 1 4p. ax > % _lapprox) 4. Sinee, he diameter 9 16 a the Order 8 10 Wohen, max. pod bled uncddeainity gw q she meabunencent 7 pesitrou [ar= 407 !%m J Jha, ap xeiott > 6 e26x 1086 +X Sh Scanned with CamScanner mnstudy time Subject. SCT OR SR I= cradeoic iis + newtron Ele Date: _/_!. momentamemass JOM BSEEASS WHA AP > 6626x10°* —Kyms 4x a-1extolt V ap > 0 527K 10 fg mis C) ar av > 0527x107 7 Whe leat, Nen Berg t0 heen Ace. to “ohis heen: no. Of protons » (ez S41 10°" av > 57x10" Ys hes velocity Larger “ohan speed lit imurporkble - vaccum Hence, €7 can’t Proken- Neutron “Oheony — iscovery Of neutron) by U put forward neutron t 5 nucleus = Atomic nO t no N &{ protons + no- Of neutrons {4 Sams chadurcr | 1932] patron, = 2) - enone no tf) uy = +Ze Alep tve one on yc parteicts V supposed to consist 9 Q proton and Aen t 4 nuutron- n wag converted B-pateele was emitted tn neutro proton with. “Dhe emission © cunto an e- and newtron . [ont> sete perv] jeter and Neutrons ‘are coltectivers called nueleout P. ‘ Piya afect— 9t 4s found hat Sump} masses |_| packed. compouing a. muscles ti mond ~ohor whe moss 9 U rulers itself “Rat + shen woe (| no @ nueleons are 7 brought taqebnur TCP Ta ae ee ea yo Form & nucle ws Cotte. mors _clefect y earin Tae . au OppLass wach Scanned with CamScannertn pati Ce SESS Get, mars of poten = me mass Voy neutreh = ma ness af! nuclens = ‘ mass defect (4M) = z-mpt (4 -2mn — M t Nuelar Binding Energy- one fos un energy which i __ responsiblh Uff einaing he nuelelbns ~ together an omelet \L catten bencung 5 W eneogg CE.) of — she nucteres Oherefore, Cl pinasng VW enersy (te) — : en a nas defect x c® E,= (aM)c* Eo = J amp + (4-2) ma —] b vc? U t z i i Binding energy may _atso be deferad as he tora (Vergy requir to | sput Oh | pus into “oi nucleons 5 | Energy per Nucleons — Ot is ward 9 } i beralh UU energy 0] nucteus to itt may noe \U for no. oj WV nueulone) Tohercfore, energy Per nucleons = &. qt 4 Fay & 1 4 = mA per__ructeon =f zmpy (q-Zimn-¥ Yc * . whe Stobdtity OQ} nuckus ancreases on increase Hf | bending (| Venera y per nucleons - | : noha. tar benss Srengey “Vper nucleon ss O[ Phe order | # \“oN u (| | j Scanned with CamScannerstudy time pate ae a tater Bundi Energy per Nucleon Curve — a “HK in yw | eat | Jo a'\ a Mass nergy welation —- 4c to Einstein , mass ond 1 energy NV are 2 aippertne i. €, energy sand Forms Of phupsoat ee ee chaddoble- Sf mass im’ ig converted into enerdy fre y E’ = me NQ where - Speed is aaee ath Voce x Sania Atomic Mais Unit (amu) — t Or us Srrialgt\ unite} x Atomic maw unit (amu) i \| defined as [1 ] Ona carbon (cl) atom. Lr2J mas part 6, mas | farmus 1 y mats | ore C!* atom 2 : mass 9 proton — \ Mp = 16726x 1077 ke = 4.0072 7% amu ° | Mas Of neutron — * V+ mys -te749ax 10°77 Bg NW MUG MMe gy yar ?e « 4:00 B65 aru u ee Scanned with CamScannerstudy time Subject, mass Of = 0000548. 1 BSS Os ql Mme = 9-1 x 10°! Kq SU amu \W Tamu =4-6605 x 40727 Energy -Cquivatent to {amu — ble Know “efiot, Phe sneray _equuiotent to fame a _qucen by | VE met Yo ‘ Tamu x oh | 1-esosx(sytot)* E = 46605 x 10°7 9 E =4:6605K 9x qoNM oute E= S808 tax id l 1:6x for m/s x 10" Kg m/sec ev) = 931-5 x 40% al € = - 931-5 ae T BoLn Mev Guben chat - \| “4p = 1+ 007825 amu, mows Of whe nucleus = Mats defber (aM) = ZMp Soteints She penn Seat Oh an = powtiete in Mn = 1:008865amu 4-002800 amu + 4-2) MN~ My = (2X 1007825 amu) + (2x 4-00 8665 amu’ 7 4-00 2300 amu = (4:052990 - 4-002800) gia = 0+ 05018 amu Wwe. Know “chat — omy equivalent to 951-5 Mev Scanned with CamScannerstudy tne Doe: It sa - See tinea mg 4 Tule « ; BE 6} Nucleus = 0-08018 ¥ 931°5 V = 28: / ier BE per nucteon= 29'1 taev f e t k = 7.025 Mev o- nee ee 1 ted Chenin Oe Be of Nuctic 26 Fe! and g,8i "sn Mev - Guen “Of mp = 1.007825 amu ‘ my = {008665 om Me = 55-95t9359 ome 4 \ M gy = 208-48 0388 ome > (am) = X:Mp + (4-2) mn — MN r = = 26x 1.007925) + (30x 1:008665) ~55-934939 i (aM) = 0: 828461 amu. 7 pe Of Fe = 0: s28tet x 95'S tev = 492-261422 Mey (am) = 2m + (42) met -MN = 23x f+ 0078 26) t C126 x 1-00 9665) ~ 208: 990388 = 476 08FF oherfor, 6 Fo Bi l 4-160 8F$ ¥ 81-5 i4ev = 1640-25 A4ey orc, — “ohe fore blw 2 nucleons anside Nuclear — he _nuseleurd as called — rican Force. St “4 Geronqest force 27 —Ohe nature. Scanned with CamScannerstady time hong ' suet ASSaeces | Prepertios of Nuctear Force — = tear from _paesentty» avactablo data st has been co nelitded ( that huctwor force power 5 4 wide afte Foto wing Properties — Nuclear fSece ir attracttise un nature. Nuclear Foree is fndependent ©{ whe — introctin nucleons. ive-it ik Saturated! Pore . Nuclear force short = 7ang ¢ Fovee (its varge x about 10 'fm). J Nuctear fore ie Span dependent SE ke chamed independent and act identically b/w p-pan-pncn. Nuetear Kerce. ut hon —central force Hence, 4 if non - conservative force . Nucteor Forse has property of Saturation. S-No pes O fowce Nx N Relabie Streng bh eat Grav Nat ionat 4 02 — Electronnag note 403° 03 — Strong Nudlear 41038 z Iy ns Exptanation 9) Nucuar tore ( Yurawa's Noson Dhani Sn 1985, Nuke Ere i enpleatned ty L \ Tapanese Scientist “Yurawa- V Aje te vis heory, he cause 9] nuchar fore is transition Vo meson brw\| nant Where aro 3 types Ye meson — tve Meson - Fa? U ave Meson oe Newtrac megon — 7° Scanned with CamScannerstidy time ee sae SSS eee) . Nuutrong and protons are keep or Changang lee Other dueto exchange Of mp. meson: . n-n_ Force arises dueto exchange gl 7 n— n®i7? n+ nt “oe Pp fore artées due te exenongt 8} 7° meson b/w he nucleons p— p* +7° P +72 —> p& The n= p Fores arises from the exchanged Of rt WiLL aM Ua ee | = yy and > V V [" ee yy pico nea? ; Nuclear Fission — Nuclear Fission tk érwerfed by Otto Hahn in 1939 ( * | Sn nuclear Fusion a heavy nucleug breaks ante + | Lighter puseliz with dome nuutreng and Forays. t g . Bhe daughter rucclel Lfesion Fre qement) are unstoble and ky emitting B- parfidls Hinaliy, ohuy become. NI stobee- ( \L- y | on nuclear Fuscon, phere it Some mag Low (aboub Die) whith __ converted duke caer + | Sn puelear Friston here some mau 10S (aboutoty.) which converted into Energy, WA WWW Ad Scanned with CamScannerstudy subject. Dato: —/_/__ ame meses | On nuclear Fission —oheir it converswon Of elements. | Dhere are 2 igotops O/ Uranium 40 ‘nature. | U i ow P88 > about o-fey, ——> Fission om Slow motion. »> % ; a2U °° > about 99-3, —> Pinion by Fast moving newtron ‘i Some Nuctear Fregcon Rean ~ asS. 7 Tr —<—- alJ + ui —>, 6a tke + ont +Q Slo neutron > Xetts sr?*t Alon + Q NY 99 133 7 => NbY + 5 sb 44 font) +9 } ( DE qbout 25 neutron ah emitted by Fiesion v ae one’ _g2U and about, 200MeV enemy comes out NY 144 —> owt! S\ e Stow iar fast 36 Estimation of ¢nermy an Nuclear HKission~ V HY We Know hat - nuckar Fiswn equation Kor BS a aa +n’ ———> ,8a** + kx stn sy xs ; Scanned with CamScannerFk ee le mau be some root HH called Seotopd study tine nh ow? Es eo ae! neo astins Hered. eerie set gor aun (Q) = 144 x Bt Mev + 89 x 8: 6 Mev — 235% = 206-8 ev x 2oolev #[ Energy emitted by fiscon’ of YY u J | tq Reon [eee atone sae ofan pranuum = 6-02214K 18 oof ‘atom unt 14 Vo pra 602214 x 10% U 285 q re a toon = Ry!) O= 6 ome x “ed x noomey y i ze 2 = 5.125 x 10% ev = 5-425 x 10% x 1- 6x 10797 yr Eo 0 = B-2x 1010 Doule x Gomme amb Of ereggy is ernetted _ 6 explosior ¢ 2o wes (20d mga Bl TNT { Tee -Nvitre Tuer} t z) + Gacuar fimion = whan 2Ught: nue Foe Se t erm oa targer Pernt nge cee cme ruar N Kimdon » ererty oeleoted « o ‘a FA TN more Ughety bound at gs seen from banding enargo4 Curve. ! 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