[ A.C. No.

10933, November 03, 2020 ]

WILSON B. TAN, COMPLAINANT, VS. ATTY. JAMES ROULYN R. ALVARICO, RESPONDENT.

DECISION

PERALTA, C.J.:

Before this Court is an administrative complaint1 for disbarment filed by Wilson B. Tan (complainant)
against respondent Atty. James Roulyn R. Alvarico (Atty. Alvarico) on grounds of conflict of interest
and betrayal of trust and confidence of client, in violation of the Code of Professional Responsibility.

Complainant is the offended party in Criminal (Crim.) Case No. 2014-22652 for theft pending before
Branch 44 of the Regional Trial Court of Dumaguete City. Respondent is the counsel for the accused
Blas Fier "Buddy" Manco (Manco).2

Complainant alleged in his Complaint that Atty. Alvarico personally approached and spoke with him,
telling him that he can convince his client Manco to settle, provided complainant give him 15 percent
(15%) commission. However, complainant countered and told Atty. Alvarico that only 5% shall be his
share by way of commission. Complainant and Atty. Alvarico allegedly met several times to discuss
this proposal, but no settlement was reached due to the latter's insistence of a 15% commission.3

Complainant contends that Atty. Alvarico had violated Rule 15.03 and Canon 17 of the Code of
Professional Responsibility, and should therefore be disbarred.4 In Complainant's Position Paper
submitted to the Integrated Bar of the Philippines (IBP) Commission on Bar Discipline (CBD), he
claims:

Thus the No Counsel No Dealing Rule as well as the proscription against conflict of interest are
violated by respondent. ℒαwρhi ৷

But what worsened these violations is his attempt at selling his client down-the-drain inorder that in
his conceived Judas Escariot scheme of settlement, he becomes richer by the 15% agent's
commission out from the pocket of his client. Although the attempt at settlement did not materialize,
yet the preliminary actuations of respondent in offering himself as an agent of the accuser of his
client nonetheless earned for him a betrayal of trust and confidence against his unknowing client.
For certainly respondent did not previously inform his client of his becoming a settlement agent on
commission of complainant.5

In support of his Complaint, complainant presented Atty. Alvarico's Affidavit dated 30 June 20156 to
prove that the settlement talks were exclusively between himself and Atty. Alvarico, that settlement
"fizzled out" due to the alleged insistence of the 15% commission, and that there was conflict of
interest and betrayal of trust and confidence by Atty. Alvarico against his client Manco.7

Complainant also offered the Transcript of Stenographic Notes (TSN) taken during the hearing of
Crim. Case No. 2014-22652 on August 10, 2015 to support his argument that Atty. Alvarico's failure
to cross-examine him upon his testimony on the settlement and commission is an implied admission
of the charges.8

For his part, Atty. Alvarico denied the charges against him9 for being utterly baseless, fabricated,
and unfounded.10

Atty. Alvarico admitted he is the counsel for the accused Manco, and that at the behest of his client,
has asked complainant if there was any possibility of amicable settlement.11 He argues that there is
no conflict in this case because he never represented conflicting interest, but solely the interest of
his client Manco. No attorney-client relationship was established with complainant as the settlement
negotiations were done according to his duty to defend his client Manco, the accused in the criminal
case. He negotiated with complainant with the consent, authority and at the instance of his client
Manco.12

As regards complainant's allegations that Atty. Alvarico was negotiating with him for monetary gain,
Atty. Alvarico responded with a clear denial that he never demanded from complainant any
commission, arguing that complainant had made up such outrageous statement.13
Atty. Alvarico also admitted that at the behest of his client Manco, he asked complainant if there was
a possibility of amicably settling the case as Manco was willing to pay for the value of the alleged
stolen steering wheel. Complainant then made known his demands, which was for Manco to pay
P350,000.00 plus P50,000.00 for every month of delay. Atty. Alvarico then informed complainant
that Manco was only willing to pay for the value of the alleged stolen steering wheel.14 During this
first meeting, Manco was present and never heard Atty. Alvarico asking or negotiating for any
commission. In support of this, Atty. Alvarico presented Manco's Affidavit dated February 23,
201715 wherein Manco stated:

That, the complaint of Dr. Tan against Atty. Alvarico are again false, untrue, fabricated, and
unbelievable because what Dr. Tan failed to state and consider in his complaint is that it was me
who asked Atty. Alvarico to approach Dr. Tan and to offer to settle the case;

That, Dr. Tan also failed to state in his complaint that I was present during the first time Atty. Alvarico
first approached Dr. Tan after the hearing of my case and that I heard all the demands made by Dr.
Tan but I never heard Atty. Alvarico ask for any commission from Dr. Tan;16

xxxx

Further, the private prosecutor was present when Atty. Alvarico first approached complainant, as
testified by complainant himself and recorded in the TSN:

A: Yes sir. There were three (3) times that the defense counsel approached me. In fact, the first time
from this Honorable Court you and I, my lawyer, when we were downstairs, the defense counsel
asked me if I could [possibly] accept for settlement which in front of you I told him that I will be
charging three hundred fifty thousand (P350,000.00) pesos x x x17

Thereafter, Atty. Alvarico met complainant in chance meetings at the Hall of Justice to ask if he had
considered his client Manco's offer.18 Atty. Alvarico argues that every time he would speak with
complainant, he would keep his client Manco aware and updated of the demands of complainant.
Manco rejected complainant's demands for being grossly excessive and large considering the value
of the subject steering wheel is only P28,000.00. Hence, no such settlement was ever had.19

As regards the cross-examination, Atty. Alvarico explained that he did not cross-examine
complainant on the commission-related allegations because such were incredible and outrageous,
leaving him shocked and confused. Further, he believed such were immaterial to the issues in Crim.
Case No. 2014-22652 concerning the alleged theft of the steering wheel from complainant's car.20

Atty. Alvarico posits that complainant filed the Complaint against him as complainant was enraged
by the Affidavit21 he executed in support of Atty. Camelo D. Pidor's (Atty. Pidor) defense in the
criminal case for threats filed by complainant.22 He also notes of complainant's propensity for filing
cases against persons who get in his way,23 including court personnel, lawyers and judges.24

On November 22, 2017, the IBP Investigating Commissioner recommended the dismissal of the
Complaint for failure of complainant to prove by preponderance of evidence the charges against
Atty. Alvarico.25 The Commissioner found that Atty. Alvarico's act of approaching complainant to
discuss the possibility of a compromise is not conflict of interest, but actually in the interest of his
client. As regards the allegation that Atty. Alvarico asked for a commission on the negotiation,
complainant's documentary exhibits proved only that the former was indeed counsel for the accused
Manco. Complainant failed to prove such allegation, which was found to be self-serving, apart from
being unsubstantiated, and hence deserving of very little weight.26

On January 19, 2019, the IBP Board of Governors issued a Notice of Resolution adopting the
findings of fact and recommendation of the IBP Commissioner to dismiss the Complaint.27

Complainant filed a Motion for Reconsideration dated August 12, 201928 reiterating his arguments
in his Complaint. In addition, he emphasized that the non-reaction and conduct of Atty. Alvarico was
an "admission by silence." Moreover, Atty. Alvarico's position paper was belatedly filed without
documentary attachments, and therefore should have been considered a mere scrap of paper.29

In a letter dated September 27, 2019,30 the IBP-CBD transmitted to this Court the Notice of
Resolution of the IBP Board of Governors, as well as the records of the instant case.
As a preliminary procedural matter, it is fit to note that Bar Matter No. 1645 (B.M. No. 1645) dated 13
October 2015 amended Section 12 of Rule 139-B on the Review and Recommendation by the Board
of Governors, as follows:

Sec. 12. Review and Recommendation by the Board of Governors.

a) Every case heard by an investigator shall be reviewed by the IBP Board of Governors
upon the record and evidence transmitted to it by the Investigator with his report.

b) After its review, the Board, by the vote of a majority of its total membership, shall
recommend to the Supreme Court the dismissal of the complaint or the imposition of
disciplinary action against the respondent. The Board shall issue a resolution setting forth its
findings and recommendations, clearly and distinctly stating the facts and the reasons on
which it is based. The resolution shall be issued within a period not exceeding thirty (30)
days from the next meeting of the Board following the submission of the investigator's report.

c) The Board's resolution, together with the entire records and all evidence presented and
submitted, shall be transmitted to the Supreme Court for final action within ten (10) days from
issuance of the resolution.

d) Notice of the resolution shall be given to all parties through their counsel, if any.31

Hence, a resolution of the IBP Board of Governors, arising from its review of the report of the IBP
Investigating Commissioner, and which either recommends the dismissal of the complaint or the
imposition of disciplinary action, shall be transmitted to the Supreme Court for final action. B.M. No.
1645 did away with the procedure of filing a motion for reconsideration as well as a petition for
review of the resolution of the IBP Board of Governors.32 Thus, the Court will proceed to take final
action on the Complaint.

The Court's Ruling

The Court finds no cogent reason to depart from the findings and recommendations of the IBP Board
of Governors.

An attorney enjoys the legal presumption that he is innocent of the charges against him until the
contrary is proved, and that as an officer of the Court, he is presumed to have performed his duties
in accordance with his oath.33 In disbarment proceedings, the quantum of proof is substantial
evidence and the burden of proof is on the complainant to establish the allegations in his
complaint.34

Substantial evidence is defined under Section 6, Rule 133 of the 2019 Amendments to the 1989
Revised Rules on Evidence35 as "that amount of relevant evidence which a reasonable mind might
accept as adequate to justify a conclusion,"36 while burden of proof is defined under Section 1, Rule
131 as "the duty of a party to present evidence on the facts in issue necessary to establish his or her
claim or defense by the amount of evidence required by law."37

The basic rule is that reliance on mere allegations, conjectures and suppositions will leave an
administrative complaint with no leg to stand on.38 Charges based on mere suspicion and
speculation cannot be given credence.39 Thus, failure on the part of complainant to discharge his
burden of proof by substantial evidence requires no other conclusion than that which stays the hand
of the Court from meting out a disbarment order.40

In the IBP Commissioner's Report and Recommendation adopted by the IBP Board of Governors,
the quantum of proof by which the charges against respondent were assessed was preponderance
of evidence,41 which is defined under Section 1, Rule 133 of the Revised Rules on Evidence42 as
"superior weight of evidence on [where] the issues involved lies."43 Notably, however, the Court has
already clarified in Reyes v. Atty. Nieva44 that based on a survey of jurisprudence, the quantum of
proof for administrative proceedings against lawyers is substantial evidence and not preponderance
of evidence. We stressed that this pronouncement ought to control and quell any further confusion
on the proper evidentiary threshold. Moreover, we recognized that the evidentiary threshold of
substantial evidence, as opposed to preponderance of evidence, is more in keeping with the
primordial purpose of and essential considerations attending disciplinary cases:45
Besides, the evidentiary threshold of substantial evidence – as opposed to preponderance of
evidence – is more in keeping with the primordial purpose of and essential considerations attending
this type of cases. As case law elucidates, '[d]isciplinary proceedings against lawyers are sui
generis. Neither purely civil nor purely criminal, they do not involve a trial of an action or a suit, but is
rather an investigation by the Court into the conduct of one of its officers. Not being intended to inflict
punishment, it is in no sense a criminal prosecution. Accordingly, there is neither a plaintiff nor a
prosecutor therein. It may be initiated by the Court motu proprio. Public interest is its primary
objective, and the real question for determination is whether or not the attorney is still a fit person to
be allowed the privileges as such. Hence, in the exercise of its disciplinary powers, the Court merely
calls upon a member of the Bar to account for his actuations as an officer of the Court with the end
in view of preserving the purity of the legal profession and the proper and honest administration of
justice by purging the profession of members who by their misconduct have proved themselves no
longer worthy to be entrusted with the duties and responsibilities pertaining to the office of an
attorney. In such posture, there can thus be no occasion to speak of a complainant or a
prosecutor.'46

A survey of administrative cases recently promulgated in the year 2020 affirms that the Court has
been applying substantial evidence as the quantum of proof in disbarment proceedings.47

Guided by the foregoing, the Court finds that complainant failed to discharge his burden of proof as
he did not establish his claims through relevant evidence as a reasonable mind might accept as
adequate to support the conclusion that Atty. Alvarico is guilty of representing conflicting interests
and betrayal of trust and confidence reposed in him by his client Manco.

Complainant alleges that Atty. Alvarico violated Rule 15.03 and Canon 17 of the Code of
Professional Responsibility.

Rule 15.03 – "A lawyer shall not represent conflicting interests except by written consent of all
concerned given after a full disclosure of the facts."

Canon 17 – "A lawyer owes fidelity to the cause of his client and he shall be mindful of the trust and
confidence reposed in him."

Under these rules, a lawyer is prohibited from representing other persons whose interests oppose
those of a former client in any manner, whether or not they are parties in the same action or on
totally unrelated cases. Conflict of interest exists when a lawyer represents inconsistent interests of
two or more opposing parties.48

In Paces Industrial Corporation v. Atty. Salandanan,49 the Court emphasized that the rule
prohibiting conflict of interests is grounded in the fiduciary obligation of loyalty, recognizing that the
nature of the attorney-client relationship is one of trust and confidence of the highest degree:

The rule prohibiting conflict of interest was fashioned to prevent situations wherein a lawyer would
be representing a client whose interest is directly adverse to any of his present or former clients. In
the same way, a lawyer may only be allowed to represent a client involving the same or a
substantially related matter that is materially adverse to the former client only if the former client
consents to it after consultation. The rule is grounded in the fiduciary obligation of loyalty.
Throughout the course of a lawyer-client relationship, the lawyer learns all the facts connected with
the client's case, including the weak and strong points of the case. Knowledge and information
gathered in the course of the relationship must be treated as sacred and guarded with care. It
behooves lawyers, not only to keep inviolate the client's confidence, but also to avoid the
appearance of treachery and double-dealing for only then can litigants be encouraged to entrust
their secrets to their lawyers, which is of paramount importance in the administration of justice. The
nature of that relationship is, therefore, one of trust and confidence of the highest
degree.50 (Citations omitted)

The case of Aniñon v. Atty. Sabitsana, Jr. provides three tests in determining whether there is a
conflict of interest:

One test is whether a lawyer is duty-bound to fight for an issue or claim in behalf of one client and, at
the same time, to oppose that claim for the other client. Thus, if a lawyer's argument for one client
has to be opposed by that same lawyer in arguing for the other client, there is a violation of the rule.
Another test of inconsistency of interests is whether the acceptance of a new relation would prevent
the full discharge of the lawyer's duty of undivided fidelity and loyalty to the client or invite suspicion
of unfaithfulness or double-dealing in the performance of that duty. Still another test is whether the
lawyer would be called upon in the new relation to use against a former client any confidential
information acquired through their connection or previous employment.51

Engaging in negotiations with the adverse party is not per se representation of conflicting interests. A
survey of jurisprudence shows that negotiation would lead to a violation of the rule on conflicting
interests when the respondent-attorney negotiates with the client's adversary in opposition to his
client's interest or claim.

In Celedonio v. Atty. Estrabillo, the Court found that the respondent-attorney violated Rule 15.03 and
Canon 17 when he negotiated with the adversary of his client to settle the case. In that case, the
respondent-attorney told the complainant that he would help her out in negotiating with his client on
the dropping of charges filed against the complainant's husband. As part of the help he extended to
the complainant, the respondent-attorney prepared and filed a motion for extension and motion for
postponement of the TRO hearing on behalf of the complainant, the adverse party in the case filed
by him for his client. The preparation and filing of those motions run counter with the interest of his
client as it would delay the judgment sought by his client in filing the case and deprive the client of a
remedy to protect his property rights. The Court rejected the respondent-attorney's explanation that
he was forwarding his client's interests in filing those motions as he would extend the chance of
getting a settlement with the complainant, which is the end favored by his client. The Court held:

The rules are clear. The relationship between a lawyer and his/her client should ideally be imbued
with the highest level of trust and confidence. The legal profession dictates that it is not a mere duty,
but an obligation, of a lawyer to 'accord the highest degree of fidelity, zeal and fervor in the
protection of the client's interest. Thus, part of the lawyer's duty in this regard is to avoid
representing conflicting interests. Jurisprudence is to the effect that a lawyer's act which invites
suspicion of unfaithfulness or double-dealing in the performance of his duty already evinces
inconsistency of interests. In broad terms, lawyers are deemed to represent conflicting interests
when, in behalf of one client, it is their duty to contend for that which duty to another client requires
them to oppose.52 (Citations omitted)

In Ong v. Atty. Grijaldo,53 the Court considered the negotiations of the respondent-attorney with his
client's opponent to be in violation of his duties as a lawyer. In that case, the respondent-attorney
approached his client's opponent and offered to delay the hearing of the Batas Pambansa Blg. 22
case in exchange for money. His offer to delay the case would have frustrated his client's interests,
to the benefit of his client's opponent. The Court characterized such act to be double-dealing and
conflict of interest, and an unethical practice of law, to wit:

Respondent's act of propositioning his client's opponent and offering to delay the case against her
was intended to benefit the latter. Hence, such act amounted to double-dealing and conflict of
interest, and was unethical practice of law. Attorneys, like Caesar's wife, must not only keep inviolate
their client's confidence, but must also avoid the appearance of treachery and double-dealing, for
only then can litigants be encouraged to entrust their secrets to their attorneys which is of paramount
importance in the administration of justice.54

In Capinpin v. Atty. Cesa,55 the Court found the respondent-attorney's negotiation with his client's
opponent to be a clear violation of Rule 15.03, even if such negotiation was allegedly within the
knowledge of his client because of the absence of written consent. The respondent-attorney
represented conflicting interests when he assisted his client's opponent in forestalling the foreclosure
and settling the loan obligation due to his client for a lesser amount, which was opposed to his
client's interest in being able to foreclose and obtain the best amount to cover the loan obligation.
The respondent-attorney's admission that he received payment of professional fees from his client's
opponent made matters worse for him as it gave an impression that he was being paid for services
rendered or to be rendered in favor of such adverse party's interest, which, needless to say, conflicts
that of his client's.56

Atty. Alvarico argues that there was no attorney-client relationship between him and complainant
that would give rise to representation of conflicting interests.57 However, in Solatan v. Atty.
Inocentes,58 the Court found that the respondent-attorney represented conflicting interests even if
there was no employment relation offered or accepted because he gave unsolicited advice to the
adverse party. To establish the professional relation, it is sufficient that the advice and assistance of
an attorney are sought and received in any manner pertinent to his profession. Thus, the absence of
a formal engagement would not preclude the finding of an attorney-client relationship, and the
absence of such relationship would not preclude the finding of a violation of the rule on conflict of
interests.59

In the case at bar, during the negotiations between complainant and Atty. Alvarico, the latter did not
represent the former's interests because his offer to settle the civil aspect of the case through the
payment of the value of the allegedly stolen steering wheel is in the interest of his client Manco who
was criminally charged for the theft thereof. The settlement of the civil aspect of the theft case filed
against his client was towards his client's interest, and even encouraged by our legal system and
aligned with the duty of an attorney. The civil aspect of theft is subject to mandatory Court-Annexed
Mediation (CAM) and Judicial Dispute Resolution (JDR) wherein parties are encouraged to reach a
settlement and put an end to litigation.60 Further, a lawyer is encouraged under Rule 1.04 of the
Code of Professional Responsibility to encourage his clients to settle a controversy if it would admit
of a fair settlement.61

In negotiating with complainant, Atty. Alvarico remained loyal to the cause of his client Manco. In
contrast to the above-cited jurisprudence wherein the Court found a conflict of interest, the terms of
settlement offered by Atty. Alvarico were designed pursuant to the interests of his client Manco, and
not to the benefit of complainant. This was acknowledged by Manco himself when he stated in his
Affidavit that it was he who asked Atty. Alvarico to reach a settlement with complainant.62 Moreover,
Atty. Alvarico was not remiss in apprising Manco on the updates concerning the negotiations, as
admitted by the latter in his Affidavit.63

Complainant's allegations that Atty. Alvarico proposed terms unfavorable to his client when he asked
for a commission are self-serving and unsubstantiated. The Affidavit of Atty. Alvarico presented by
complainant proved nothing more than the negotiations between the parties, and did not in any way
show solicitation of commission.

Complainant asserts that since Atty. Alvarico did not cross-examine him on his testimony regarding
the offer of commission, Atty. Alvarico's silence must be considered an admission. Section 33, Rule
130 of the Revised Rules on Evidence64 provides for admission by silence:

An act or declaration made in the presence and within the hearing or observation of a party who
does or says nothing when the act or declaration is such as naturally to call for action or comment if
not true, and when proper and possible for him or her to do so, may be given in evidence against
him or her.65

To appreciate the application of the rule on admission by silence, we must determine if such
declaration made by complainant called for an action or comment if not true, and if it were possible
for Atty. Alvarico to refute the same when such was uttered. Notably, when complainant was
testifying on the alleged offer of commission, he was on direct examination for the criminal case of
theft filed against Manco. We find Atty. Alvarico's explanation sufficient to negate a finding of
admission by silence. Indeed, the imputations made by complainant during direct examination for the
criminal case he filed against Manco were shocking, unexpected, and in no way related to the
subject matter of theft. Making such statements during direct examination for an unrelated case
casts doubt as to whether such declaration called for an immediate action or comment in the course
of judicial proceedings. Further, we agree with Atty. Alvarico that it would be immaterial to the issues
in the criminal case for theft had he cross-examined complainant on the alleged commission. It
would be improper for Atty. Alvarico to respond to the allegations made against him, who was not
even the accused in the criminal case being heard.

In Grefaldeo v. Judge Lacson,66 we found respondent Judge's failure to comment on the charges
despite numerous opportunities to be an admission by silence.67 Here, Atty. Alvarico did not remain
silent but in fact actively responded to the allegations of complainant in the instant case.

In our resolution of this case, we considered the records forwarded by the IBP Board of Governors,
including Atty. Alvarico's position paper despite the alleged belated filing as raised by Complainant in
his Motion for Reconsideration.68 There is no indication in the record if Atty. Alvarico was delayed in
filing his position paper on 11 May 201769 as he was given fifteen days from receipt of the IBP's
Order dated 24 February 2017 to submit his position paper70 and no proof was proffered on the
date of receipt. In any case, even if such were belatedly filed, we find no reason to disregard Atty.
Alvarico's position paper. In Tulio v. Atty. Buhangin,71 we found that the respondent-attorney
deliberately refused to comply with the IBP's directive to file his position paper without any valid
explanation.72 Here, the IBP did not require such explanation from Atty. Alvarico, but in fact,
accepted and considered his position paper.

The Court, therefore, agrees with the IBP Board of Governor's finding that the complaint against
Atty. Alvarico should be dismissed for failure of complainant to prove the charges.

In conclusion, we recall our pronouncement in Munar, et al. v. Atty. Bautista, et al.:73

Disbarment is the most severe form of disciplinary sanction and, as such, the power to disbar must
always be exercised with great caution, only for the most imperative reasons and in clear cases of
misconduct affecting the standing and moral character of the lawyer as an officer of the court and
member of the bar.

xxxx

It is well-settled that protection is afforded to members of the Bar who are at times maliciously
charged, not just by their clients.74

We warn against the filing of malicious suits against members of the bar. As we held in Tabuzo v.
Atty. Gomos, "the primary purpose of administrative disciplinary proceedings against delinquent
lawyers is to uphold the law and to prevent the ranks of the legal profession from being corrupted by
unscrupulous practices—not to shelter or nurse a wounded ego."75 This Court will only wield our
power to disbar when substantial evidence would prove the lack of fitness to engage in the practice
of law.

WHEREFORE, finding the recommendation of the IBP to be fully supported by the evidence on
record and applicable laws, the Court RESOLVES to DISMISS the case against Atty. James Roulyn
R. Alvarico for lack of merit, and consider the same as CLOSED and TERMINATED.

SO ORDERED.

Caguioa, Carandang, Zalameda, and Gaerlan, JJ., concur.

Footnotes

1 Rollo, pp. 1-5.

2 Id. at 219.

3 Id. at 1-2.

4 Id. at 1.

5 Id. at 174.

6 Id. at 218.

7 Id. at 173.

8 Id. at 172-173.

9 Id. at 59-67.

10 Id. at 59.

11 Id. at 246.

12 Id. at 60.
13 Id. at 61-62.

14 Id. at 219.

15 Id. at 225-226.

16 Id. at 225.

17 Id. at 221.

18 Id. at 219-221.

19 Id. at 62.

20 Id. at 63.

21 Id. at 218.

22 Id. at 220.

23 Id. at 223.

24 Id. at 60.

25 Id. at 245-248.

26 Id. at 248.

27 Id. at 243.

28 Id. at 250-251.

29 Id. at 250.

30 Id. at 241.

31 Bar Matter No. 1645 (October 13, 2015).

32 Edgar M. Rico v. Attys. Jose R. Madrazo, Jr., Antonio V.A. Tan and Leonido C. Delante,
A.C. No. 7231, October 1, 2019.

33 BSA Tower Condominium Corporation v. Atty. Reyes, A.C. No. 11944, June 20, 2018;
Zara v. Atty. Joyas, A.C. No. 10994, June 10, 2019.

34 Id.

35 A.M. No. 19-08-15-SC.

36 Section 6, Rule 133, 2019 Amendments to the 1989 Revised Rules on Evidence (A.M.
No. 19-08-15-SC).

37 Section 1, Rule 131, 2019 Amendments to the 1989 Revised Rules on Evidence (A.M.
No. 19-08-15-SC).

38 Elisa Zara v. Atty. Vicente Joyas, A.C. No. 10994, 10 June 2019.

39 Supra note 33.

40 Supra note 32.

41 Rollo, p. 248.
42 A.M. No. 19-08-15-SC.

43 Section 1, Rule 133, 2019 Amendments to the 1989 Revised Rules on Evidence (A.M.
No. 19-08-15-SC).

44 Reyes v. Atty. Nieva, 794 Phil. 360 (2016).

45 Id. at 379.

46 Id. at 379-380, citing Pena v. Aparicio, 552 Phil. 512, 521 (2007).

47 Wilma L. Zamora v. Atty. Makilito Mahinay, A.C. No. 12622, February 10, 2020; Jonathan
C. Parungao v. Atty. Dexter B. Lacuanan, A.C. No. 12071, March 11, 2020; Atty. Pedro B.
Aguirre v. Atty. Crispin T. Reyes, A.C. No. 4355, January 8, 2020.

48 Paces Industrial Corp. v. Atty. Salandanan, 814 Phil. 93, 98 (2017).

49 Supra.

50 Id. at 101.

51 Aniñon v. Atty. Sabitsana, Jr., 685 Phil. 322, 327 (2012).

52 Celedonio v. Atty. Estrabillo, 813 Phil. 12, 19-20 (2017).

53 450 Phil. 1 (2003).

54 Id. at 12.

55 813 Phil. 1 (2017).

56 Id. at 9.

57 Rollo, p. 60.

58 503 Phil. 622 (2005).

59 Id. at 631-632.

60 A.M. No. 11-1-6-SC-PHILJA.

61 Rule 1.04, Code of Professional Responsibility.

62 Rollo, p. 225.

63 Id. at 226.

64 A.M. No. 19-08-15-SC.

65 Section 33, Rule 130, 2019 Amendments to the 1989 Revised Rules on Evidence (A.M.
No. 19-08-15-SC).

66 355 Phil. 266 (1998).

67 Id. at 272-273.

68 Rollo, p. 250.

69 Id. at 219.

70 Id. at 162.
71 785 Phil. 292 (2016).

72 Id. at 301.

73 805 Phil. 384, 398-399 (2017).

74 Id. at 398-399.

75 Achernar B. Tabuzo v. Atty. Jose Alfonso M. Gomos, A.C. No. 12005, July 23, 2018.