f

f
f

Ir
Ir
Ir
Affirmative to Negative & Negative to Affirmative

In Affirmative Sentence In Negative Sentence Exercise

Auxiliary verb [“have” (has, have, had), Auxiliary verb এর পর not বসলব ও verb/ a) He is a hardworking person.
“be” (is, am, are, been, being, was, were), adj/ adv/ noun টির antonym বসলব b) I shall remember you.
“do” (does, do, did), “will” (will, would), c) He was a deceiver.
“shall” (shall, should), “may” (may, might), d) She is a talented artist.
“can” (can, could)] ও verb /adjective e) The bed is comfortable.
/adverb/ noun থাকলে f) He is a reliable friend.
g) The mountain is majestic.
h) The house is well-maintained.
বালকের মালে Auxiliary Verb না থাকলেও শুধু Subject এর পর tense & person অনুযায়ী do i) He walks fast.
main verb থাকলে not/ does not/ did not বসলব ও পরবর্তী j) I saw an honest man.
adv/adj এর ববপরীর্ত (antonym) বসলব। k) The view is stunning.
l) The plant is healthy.
Only /Alone থাকলে i) বেবির ক্ষেলে none but m) Only Allah can help us.
ii) বস্তুর ক্ষেলে nothing but n) He was only 15 years old.
iii) বয়স/ সংখ্োর ক্ষেলে not more than/not o) He prefers only coffee.
less than p) Rahim has only three toys.

an
an
an

বালকের শুরুলর্ত every থাকলে tense & person অনুযায়ী 'There is no ---- q) Every man wants to be happy.

hm
hm
hm

but' বসলব r) Everybody knew him.

Ra
Ra
Ra

s) Every rose has a thorn.

ur
r
r

বালকের মালে must / have to / has to থাকলে i) cannot but/ could not but + verb এর t) We must do it.
nu
nu

n
মূে form বসলব u) All men must die.

fa
fa
fa

ii) cannot help / could not help + verb v) All must obey the rule.
Ir
Ir
Ir

এর ing বসলব w) You must obey your teachers.

'both --- and' / and দ্বারা দুটি noun/ pronoun/ not only --- but also বেবহার করলর্ত হলব x) Both Rahim and Karim can do.
adj যুি থাকলে y) He is honest and sincere.
z) He prefers both coffee and icecr.
too ---- to থাকলে so ----- that + tense অনুযায়ী sub + aa) The man is too weak to walk.
cannot/could not বসলব bb)The girl was too lazy to do well
in the examination.
as soon as i) no sooner had (as soon as যুি অংশ cc) As soon as he came here, I met
past হলে) + no sooner had যুি অংলশর him.
verb টির past participle form হলব এবং dd)As soon as the teacher entered
পরবর্তী অংশ অপবরববর্তির্ত থাকলব। the classroom, the students stood
ii) no sooner do/does (as soon as যুি up.
অংশ present হলে) + no sooner do/does ee) As soon as I reach home, I find
যুি অংলশর verb টির present form হলব my friend.
এবং পরবর্তী অংশ অপবরববর্তির্ত থাকলব। ff) As soon as the teacher enters the
classroom, the students will
stand up.

(As --- as) Positive Degree যু ক্ত sentence gg)Salman is as strong as Hamid.
an
n
an

এর ক্ষেত্রেঃ 2ns sub + be verb + not + adj/adv এর hh)He is as dull as an ass.

a

hm
hm
hm

1st subject + be verb + as + adj/adv + comparative form + than + 1st sub ii) The man is as ferocious as a lion.
Ra
Ra
Ra

as+ 2nd sub অথবা, 1st sub + be verb+ not less + jj) He is as wise as you.
adv/adj + than + 2nd sub.
r
r
r

nu
nu
nu

fa
fa
fa

Ir
Ir
Ir
 f
f
f

Ir
Ir
Ir
Comparative Degree যু ক্ত sentence এর i) 2nd sub + 2nd sub অনুযায়ী kk)Rabi writes faster than I.
ক্ষেত্রেঃ do not/does not/ did not + ll) Babul is smaller than you.
1. 1st sub + মূে verb + adj/adv এর মূে verb + so/as + adj/adv mm) Tomatoes are cheaper
comparative ফমি + than + 2nd sub এর positive ফমি + as + 1st than oranges.
2. 1st sub + auxiliary verb + adj/adv sub nn)Prevention is better than cure.
এর comparative ফমি + than + 2nd sub ii) 2nd sub + 2nd sub অনুযায়ী oo)She speaks faster than her sister.
auxiliary verb+ not + pp)The road is muddier than that.
3. than any other/ than all other যুি
so/as + adj/adv এর qq)The litchi of Dinajpur is richer
comparative sentence
positive ফমি + as + 1st sub than that of Rajshahi.
iii) No other বিলয় করলর্ত হলব। rr) Akber is greater than any other
emperor.
Superlative Degree যু ক্ত sentence এর ss) Dhaka is the largest city in
ক্ষেত্রেঃ i) No other + ext + be verb Bangladesh.
1. sub + be verb + the + adj/adv এর + as + adj/adv এর positive tt) Keats was one of the greatest
superlative degree + ext. form + as + sub romantic poets in the world.
2. sub + be verb + one of the + adj/adv ii) Very few + ext + be verb uu)He was one of the worst men in
এর superlative degree + ext. + as + adj/adv এর positive the village.
form + as + sub
Always যুি থাকলে Never বিলয় করলর্ত হয় ও মূে vv)Always speak the truth.

an
an
an

verb/adjective এর antonym বলস ww) He always dozes when he

hm
hm
hm

studies.

Ra
Ra
Ra

xx)Rahim is always punctual.

ur
r
r

very + adjective not + adjective + at all yy)He is very pious.

nu
nu

n
fa
fa
fa

zz) The weather was very hot.

Ir
Ir
Ir

aaa) The team remained very

motivated to achieve their
ambitious goals.
sometimes যুি থাকলে tense & sub অনুযায়ী be verb + not bbb) My friend sometimes
always visits me.
ccc) A day labourer is
sometimes happy.
ddd) He sometimes speaks lies.
many যুি থাকলে not a few/few বিলয় করলর্ত হয় eee) There are many students
in the class.
fff)I have many fiends.
much যুি থাকলে not a little/little বিলয় করলর্ত হয় ggg) He has much money.
a few যুি থাকলে not many বিলয় করলর্ত হয় hhh) I have a few friends.
iii) He receives a few letters.
a little যুি থাকলে not much বিলয় করলর্ত হয় jjj) I have a little rice.
kkk) I have a little water.
বিরন্তন সর্তে sentence হলে int- neg form এ করলর্ত হলব lll) The sun rises in the east.

[Note: i) Many: It is used with countable nouns to indicate a large number. For example, "There are many books on the shelf."
ii) Much: It is used with uncountable nouns to indicate a large quantity or amount. For instance, "There is much water in the jug."
an
n
an

iii) A few: This phrase is used with countable nouns, and it implies a small number or quantity. For example, "I have a few friends coming over
a

hm
hm
hm

tonight."
Ra
Ra
Ra

iv) A little: This phrase is used with uncountable nouns, indicating a small amount or quantity. For instance, "Could you please add a little sugar
to the recipe?"
r
r
r

nu
nu
nu

অথিাৎ, many/much অথি অলনক এবং a few/ a little অথি : আলে বকন্তু অলনক অগণ্ে / ক্ষনই বেলেই িলে। আবার few/little অথি নাই /নগণ্ে বু োয়। মলন রাখ্লর্ত হলব,
many, much, a few, a little affirmative sentence এ বলস। অনেবিলক, few, little negative sentence এ বলস। ]
fa
fa
fa

Ir
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Ir
 f
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f

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Ir

Assertive to Imperative (বিিৃ বিমূ লক িাকয হতি আতেশ, উপতেশ, অনু ত াধ সূ চক িাতকয রুপান্ত )
In Assertive Sentence In Imperative sentence Exercise
1. Assertive sentence এর sub যদি You মূল verb দ্বারা বাক্যটি শুরু ক্রতে হতব। 1. You should not run in the sun.
হয়, 2. You must obey your parents.
2. sub যদি 1st / 3rd person হয় Let দ্বারা বাক্য শুরু হতব 3. I must go now.
(affirmative হতল) 4. He should do the sum.
3. sub যদি 1st / 3rd person হয় (negative Let + প্রিত্ত sub এর objective form/ 5. We do not hate the poor.
হতল) objective pronoun / কক্াত া াম থাক্তল াম 6. Nilu does not run in the sun.
+ not + প্রিত্ত verb কথতক্ কেষ পযযন্ত 7. We should not talk ill of others.
4. assertive sentence এ request/kindly Please দ্বারা Imperative বাক্যটি শুরু হতব 8. I request you to help me.
থাক্তল 9. You are requested to sing.
5. never যুক্ত assertive sentence এর Never + প্রিত্ত মূল verb এর base form + verb 10. You should never go there.
কেতে এর পতরর অংে 11. You should never drink alcohol.

Assertive to Exclamatory

an
an
an

In assertive sentence In exclamatory sentence Exercise

hm
hm
hm

Ra
Ra
Ra

1. Adjective এর পূ তবয a/an থাক্তল What a/an + assertive sentence এর very এর 1. The Padma is a very big river.
পতরর অংে + a/an এর আতের অংে +! 2. It is a very big bird.

ur
r
r

nu
nu

3. It is a very beautiful garden.

n
fa
fa
fa

2. Adjective এর পূ তবয a/an া থাক্তল How দিতয় ক্রতে হতব 4. The garden is very beautiful.
Ir
Ir
Ir

5. The sun shone very hotly overhead.

6. The sight is very pathetic.
3. wish থাক্তল If/had বতে 7. I wish I were a king.
8. I wish I had the wings of a bird.

Exclamatory to Assertive
In exclamatory sentence In assertive sentence Exercise
4. What + a/an + adjective + noun + Subject + verb + a/an + very /great + adj 9. What a fine bird it is!
ext! + ext 10. What a fool he is!
5. How থাক্তল Subject + adjective /adv েহ এর পতরর অংে 11. How beautiful the garden is!
6. Hurrah! যুক্ত থাক্তল It is a matter of joy that দ্বারা শুরু হতব 12. Hurrah! We have won the game.
7. Alas! থাক্তল It is a matter of sorrow দ্বারা শুরু হতব 13. Alas! He has failed.
8. If দ্বারা শুরু হতল Subject + wish + if এর পতরর অংে 14. If I were a king!
9. Had দ্বারা শুরু হতল Sub + wish + Sub + had + ext. 15. Had I the wings of a bird.
10. Would that দ্বারা শুরু হতল + sub + Sub + wish + Sub + could + ext. 16. Would that I could fly in the sky!
could + ext. 17. Would that I could earned 1 lac
money.
an
n
an

hm
hm
hm

Ra
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Ra

r
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nu
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Voice Changing
# Active to Passive Voice:
Basic & Common Rules for changing assertive sentence:
i) Active voice এর obj কক্ sub বা াত া।
ii) Tense & Person অ ুযায়ী auxiliary verb বোত া।
iii) Active voice এর মূল verb এর past participle form বোত া।
iv) Preposition বোত া।
v) Active voice এর sub কক্ obj বা াত া।

Tense & Person অ ুযায়ী auxiliary verb বোত ার দ য়মঃ

Active Sentence এ Tense Passive Sentence এ auxiliary verb

Present Indefinite am/is/are
Present Continuous am being/is being/ are being
Present Perfect have been/ has been

an
an
an

Past Indefinite was/were

hm
hm
hm

Past Continuous Was being/ were being

Ra
Ra
Ra

Past Perfect Had been

ur
r
r

Future Indefinite will be

nu
nu

n
Future continuous will be being

fa
fa
fa

Ir
Ir
Ir

Future Perfect will have been being

আরও দক্ছু rule:

Active Voice Passive Voice Exercise
১। Active voice এ দুটি object থাক্তল কযতক্াত া এক্টিতক্ subject দহতেতব দ তয় passive i) I gave him a book.
ক্রতে হতব ii) He teaches us English.
২। Reflexive Pronoun যুক্ত active voice Active এর sub অপদরবদেয ে থাক্তব + basic 5 টি iii) She killed herself.
কক্ passive ক্রার কেতে rule এর কেষ 4টি অ ুোতর যথাদ য়তম passive iv) He was fanning himself.
ক্রতে হতব v) He has done it himself. (দিন্ন)
৩। দক্ছু verb কযম ঃ make, hear, feel, passive voice এ to বোতে হতব. vi) He made me decide to kill her.
compel, know, watch, need, bid, dare, vii) What made you decide to have
let, behold etc. এর পর to উহয থাতক্। এই Exception: let থাক্তল passive ক্রার েময়ও to snacks at this time? (int)
verb যুক্ত active voice কক্ passive ক্রার বোত া যাতব া viii) I watched him sing a song.
কেতে ix) He let me do the work.
৪। Participle যুক্ত active voice কক্ passive যথারীদে verb এর past participle বোত ার পর ও x) I heard him talking to you.
voice এ রূপান্ততরর কেতে prepostion বোত ার আতে participle যুক্ত অংেটি xi) I saw him singing a song.
বোতে হতব
৫। Complex ও Compound sentence এর উিয় clause এরই voice change ক্রতে হয় xii) I know that he will pass the exam.
কেতে xiii) He told me that he did the work.
an
n
an

xiv) People say that he will pass the

hm
hm
hm

exam.
Ra
Ra
Ra

৬। এক্ই sentence এ দুটি finite verb থাক্তল উিয় verb এর পূ তবয person অ ু যায়ী aux verb xv)The teacher punished five boys and
r
r
r

ও person দিন্ন হতল বযবহার ক্রতে হতব fined one boy.

nu
nu
nu

fa
fa
fa

Ir
Ir
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 f
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f

Ir
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Ir

৭। Quasi-passive যুক্ত sentence এর কেতে act voice এর sub টি passive voice এর sub xvi) Honey tastes sweet.
দহতেতব বতে + aux বতে + adj বতে + when + xvii) Rice sells cheap.
it/they + tense অ ু যায়ী aux + মূল verb এর ppxviii) The bed feels soft.
অথিা, xix) Stone feels hard.
act voice এর sub টি passive voice এর sub xx)The book reads well.
দহতেতব বতে + aux বতে + মূ ল verb এর pp + adj xxi) The rose smells sweet.
বতে xxii) This storybook reads funny.
xxiii) Curd tastes sour.
xxiv) This music sounds good.
xxv) The pen writes smooth.
xxvi) Sugar sells at 40 taka a kilogram.
(দিন্ন)
৮। Intransitive verb যুক্ত active voice এর এতেতে group verb এর prep টি 4th ক্াজ by xxvii) He looks after his ailing mother.
কেতে (intransitive verb এর passive হয় া, বোত ার আতে বোতে হতব। বাদক্ েবগুতলা যথারীদে xxviii) The truck ran over the boy.
দক্ন্তু এরক্ম verb এর পর prep যুক্ত থাক্তল ক্রতে হতব xxix) They laughed at the old man.
group verb েঠিে হয়, আর এই group verb xxx) He looks down upon the poor.
এর passive ক্রা যায়।)
৯। Cognate object যুক্ত sentence এর কেতে যথা দ য়তম ক্রতে হতব xxxi) I dreamt a sweet dream last night.

an
an
an

xxxii) He ran a race.

hm
hm
hm

১০। Factitive object/ complementary obj যথা দ য়তম ক্রতে হতব xxxiii) We made him captain.

Ra
Ra
Ra

(select, elect, nominate, make, call, xxxiv) He called it laurel.

ur
r
r

name etc এর পর কয obj থাতক্) xxxv) He called me mad.

nu
nu

n
১১। Sub + like/ love/ want/ wish + obj + Sub টি Sub দহতেতবই passive voice এ বেতব ও xxxvi) He wants me to write a letter.

fa
fa
fa

infinitive (to + verb) + ext structure এর object এর আে পযযন্ত বেতব + to be + infinitive xxxvii) The boy liked her to do the
Ir
Ir
Ir

active sentence এর কেতে এর পতরর verb এর pp form work.

xxxviii) She wishes someone to buy
her a Cinderella doll.
১২। মূল verb advise/ beg/ order/ যথারীদেতে ক্রা যায়। েতব "Sub অপদরবদেয ে কথতক্ xxxix) The old man advised me not to
recommend / urge হতল যাতব এবং active voice এর infinitive এর আে do the work.
পযযন্ত বেতব + that +obj + should be/must be + xl) The manager urged the supervisor to
verb এর pp "—এিাতবও ক্রা যায় reduce the rates.
xli) He ordered me to do the work.
১৩। agree/ be anxious/ arrange / Sub অপদরবদেয ে কথতক্ যাতব এবং active voice এর xlii) He decided to go on an excursion.
determines/ be determined/ decide/ infinitive এর আে পযযন্ত বেতব + that +obj + xliii) The boy determined to help the
demand + infinitive + obj structure এর should be/must be + verb এর pp poor.
sentence থাক্তল xliv) He decided to sell the house.
১৪। advise/ insist/ propose/ recommend/ Sub অপদরবদেয ে কথতক্ যাতব এবং active voice এর xlv) The doctor suggested taking
suggest + gerund + obj structure এর gerund এর আে পযযন্ত বেতব + that +obj + should healthy diet.
sentence থাক্তল be/must be + verb এর pp xlvi) He suggested giving up smoking.
১৫। One + should + ext structure এর Obj টি Sub দহতেতব বেতব + should be + verb এর xlvii) One should take care of one's
sentence এর কেতে pp + ext health.
xlviii) One should keep one's promise.
১৬। Can, could, may, might, shall, এতির পর to বোতে হয়, বাদক্ ক্াজ যথা রীদে xlix) I may help you.
an
n
an

should, will, would, must, ought to, l) You must do the work.
a

hm
hm
hm

going to, has to, have to, had to, used to li) We ought to obey our parents.
Ra
Ra
Ra

have hot to থাক্তল

r
r
r

nu
nu
nu

fa
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fa

Ir
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Interrogative Sentence এ জনয বকছু বনয়ম

১৭। Who থাক্তল By whom দিতয় ক্রতে হয় বাদক্ ক্াজ যথারীদে lii) Who did it?
১৮। Whom থাক্তল Who দিতয় ক্রতে হতব বাদক্ ক্াজ যথারীদে liii) Whom do you want?
১৯। What/ why/ when/ where/ how যুক্ত What/ why/ when/ where/ how অপদরবদেয ে liv) Why do you slap the boy?
interrogative sentence এর কেতে কথতক্ বাদক্ ক্াজ যথারীদে lv) When will they solve the problem?
lvi) What does the boy like?
lvii) When did you seek for me?
lviii) How did you pass the exam?
২০। Do/ does/ did/ am/ is/ are/ was/ রাফ ক্তর assertive sentence বাদ তয় assertive lix) Has he destroyed it?
were/ have/ has/ had দ্বারা শুরু হওয়া sentence এর দ য়তম passive ক্রার পর পু রায় lx) Did he help the boy?
interrogative sentence গুতলার কেতে interrogative বা াতল েু দবধা হতব lxi) Was she helping the poor?
Imperative Sentence এ বকছু বনয়ম
২১। মূ ল verb দ্বারা (Let ছাড়া) শুরু হওয়া Let + active sentence এর obj + be + মুল verb lxii) Do the sum.
imperative sentence এর কেতে এর pp form lxiii) Do not make a noise.
২২। Let দ্বারা শুরু হওয়া imperative Let + active sentence এর obj + be + মুল verb lxiv) Let him do the sum.
sentence এর কেতে এর pp form + by + active sentence এর sub lxv) Let me do the work.
২৩। মূ ল verb + বযদক্তবাচক্ object (me, us, Let + active sentence এর obj + be + মুল verb lxvi) Buy me a shirt.

an
an
an

you, them, him, her) যুক্ত imperative এর pp form + for + বযদক্তবাচক্ object lxvii) Have me a cup of tea.

hm
hm
hm

sentence এর কেতে lxviii) Drop me to the place.

Ra
Ra
Ra

২৪। Imperative sentence টি always দ্বারা always word টি passive যথাদ য়তম ক্রার পর lxix) Always speak the truth.

ur
r
r

nu
nu

শুরু হতল বাতক্যর কেতষ বতে

n
fa
fa
fa

২৫। Imperative sentence টি never দ্বারা শুরু Let never + যথাদ য়তম বাদক্ ক্াজ ক্রতে হতব lxx) Never look down upon the poor.
Ir
Ir
Ir

হতল
২৬। Please/ kindly থাক্তল You are requested/ urged + Please/kindly এর lxxi) Please help me.
পতরর অংে অপদরবদেয ে অবস্থায় বেতব lxxii) Please do me a favour.
অতনক ক্ষেতে Active voice এ sub ক্ষক object ক া সময় by ছাড়া অনয preposition িযিহৃি হয়
Note on Exceptional voice changing

Rule - 1

Use the preposition ‘At’ (If the subject is a thing, feeling, any activity, etc.) and use the preposition
‘With’ (If the subject is Human) instead of ‘by’.
For the sentences with ‘surprised, annoyed, shocked, alarmed,
disappointed, displeased, distressed, astonished, laughed’ as the main verb.

Extended Note

Surprised: Use "surprised" when referring to a feeling of astonishment or amazement caused by an

unexpected event, action, or situation:

• I was surprised by the sudden change in weather.

• She was pleasantly surprised by the gift from her friend.

Note that "surprised" is generally followed by the preposition "by" to indicate the cause of the surprise. For
an
n
an

example, "I was surprised by the news" or "She was surprised by the loud noise." However, in some cases,
hm
hm
hm

"at" can be used instead of "by." For example, "I was surprised at the result" or "She was surprised at how
Ra
Ra
Ra

quickly the time passed."

r
r
r

nu
nu
nu

fa
fa
fa

Ir
Ir
Ir
 f
f
f

Ir
Ir
Ir

Annoyed: Use "annoyed" to describe a feeling of irritation or displeasure caused by someone or something:

• I was annoyed by the noise from the construction site.

• She was annoyed with her friend for canceling their plans at the last minute.

Note that "annoyed" is typically followed by the preposition "with" to indicate the person or thing annoying.
For example, "I was annoyed with my neighbor for playing loud music late at night" or "She was annoyed
with her boss for micromanaging her work." However, "at" can also be used in some cases, such as "I was
annoyed at the traffic jam" or "She was annoyed at how long the wait was."

Shocked: Use "shocked" to describe a feeling of great surprise or astonishment, often caused by something
unexpected or extreme:

• I was shocked by the news of his sudden death.

• She was shocked to see the damage from the storm.

Note that "shocked" is typically followed by the preposition "by" to indicate the thing or event causing the
shock. For example, "I was shocked by the accident's severity" or "She was shocked by the election's
results." However, "at" can also be used in some cases, such as "I was shocked at the lack of support from
my colleagues" or "She was shocked at the prices of the items in the store."

an
an
an

hm
hm
hm

• Alarmed: Use "alarmed" to describe a feeling of fear, apprehension, or concern about something:

Ra
Ra
Ra

o I was alarmed by the sound of breaking glass.

o She was alarmed at how quickly the fire was spreading.

ur
r
r

nu
nu

n
Note that "alarmed" is often followed by the preposition "at" or "by" to indicate the cause of the alarm. For

fa
fa
fa

example, "I was alarmed at the sight of the burglar" or "She was alarmed by the sudden change in his
Ir
Ir
Ir

behavior."

• Disappointed: Use "disappointed" to describe a feeling of sadness or frustration when expectations

are not met:
o He was disappointed with his test score.
o I was disappointed that she couldn't come to the party.

Note that "disappointed" is typically followed by the preposition "with" to indicate the source of the
disappointment. For example, "I was disappointed with the quality of the service" or "She was disappointed
with her performance in the game."

• Displeased: Use "displeased" to describe a feeling of dissatisfaction or disapproval:

o My boss was displeased with my work on the project.
o I was displeased by his rude behavior.

Note that "displeased" is often followed by the preposition "with" or "at" to indicate the cause of the
displeasure. For example, "My boss was displeased with the delays in the project" or "I was displeased at
the lack of communication from my colleague."

• Distressed: Use "distressed" to describe a feeling of emotional pain or suffering:

o She was distressed by the news of her father's illness.
o I felt distressed after the argument with my friend.
an
n
an

hm
hm
hm

Note that "distressed" is often followed by the preposition "by" or "over" to indicate the cause of the
distress. For example, "She was distressed by the loss of her job" or "I was distressed over the breakup with
Ra
Ra
Ra

my partner."
r
r
r

nu
nu
nu

fa
fa
fa

Ir
Ir
Ir
 f
f
f

Ir
Ir
Ir

• Astonished: Use "astonished" to describe a feeling of great surprise or amazement:

o I was astonished by the size of the diamond.
o She was astonished at the talent of the young musician.

Note that "astonished" is typically followed by the preposition "by" to indicate the thing or event causing
the astonishment. For example, "I was astonished by the generosity of the donor" or "She was astonished
by the beauty of the landscape."

• Laughed: Use "laughed" to describe the action of making sounds and movements of the face that
indicate happiness or amusement:
o She laughed at his joke.
o We all laughed when the dog chased its tail.

Note that "laughed" is often followed by the preposition "at" to indicate the thing or event causing the
laughter. For example, "We laughed at the silly antics of the children" or "She laughed at the unexpected
twist in the story."

Exercise

an
an
an

hm
hm
hm

1. The sudden rainstorm surprised us and we had to take shelter under a tree.

Ra
Ra
Ra

2. The constant noise from the construction site next door is starting to annoy me.
3. The news of his sudden death shocked us all and we couldn't believe it.

ur
r
r

4. The sudden increase in crime rates in the city has alarmed many residents. My favorite restaurant is closed
nu
nu

n
for renovation on my birthday disappointed me.

fa
fa
fa

5. The loud noise from the construction site annoyed me.

Ir
Ir
Ir

6. The news of the accident shocked everyone in the room.

7. The sound of the smoke alarm alarmed the whole building.
8. The cancellation of the concert disappointed her greatly.
9. His rude behavior always displeases his colleagues.
10. The thought of being late for the meeting distressed him.
11. The magician's tricks astonished the audience.
12. We all laughed at the comedian's jokes.
13. The amazing view from the top of the mountain impressed us.
14. The beauty of the sunset charmed her.
15. The new technology sparked my interest.
16. The recipe for the cake consists of flour, sugar, and eggs.
17. The book absorbed her completely for hours.
18. The storage box contains all of our winter clothes.
19. The sudden appearance of the deer surprised us all.
20. The constant noise from the traffic annoyed the residents.
21. The unexpected news of the promotion shocked him.
22. The fire alarm alarmed the students and teachers in the school.
23. The poor service at the restaurant disappointed the customers.
an
n
an

hm
hm
hm

Ra
Ra
Ra

r
r
r

nu
nu
nu

fa
fa
fa

Ir
Ir
Ir
 f
f
f

Ir
Ir
Ir

Rule - 2
Rule - 2

Use the preposition ‘To’ instead of ‘by’

For the sentences with ‘married, known, obliged’ as the main verbs.

Exercise

1. Rahim will marry Aaima next summer in a small ceremony on the beach.
2. I have known Maria since we were in kindergarten together.
3. Do you know how to play the piano?
4. The teacher obliged the students by extending the deadline for the research paper.
5. After years of dating, they finally decided to marry each other. (different)
6. What made you decide to leave the village? (different)
7. I know my limits and do not push myself too hard.
8. I don't know how to speak Spanish fluently, but I'm working on it.

Rule - 3

an
an
an

Rule - 3

hm
hm
hm

Ra
Ra
Ra

Use the preposition ‘at’ (If the subject is a thing, feeling, any activity, etc.) and use the preposition

ur
r
r

‘With’ (If the subject is Human) instead of ‘by’.

nu
nu

n
fa
fa
fa

For the sentences with ‘pleased, disgusted, impressed, charmed, etc.’ as the main verbs
Ir
Ir
Ir

Exercise

1. The delicious aroma of the food cooking in the kitchen pleased the guests.
2. The sight of the moldy bread on the counter disgusted me.
3. Her impeccable manners and sophisticated style impressed everyone at the party.
4. The magic trick he performed charmed the entire audience.
5. The gentle breeze and warm sunshine outside pleased my senses.
6. The taste of the medicine he gave me disgusted me so much that I almost threw up.
7. Her intelligence and wit impressed me from the moment I met her.
8. The little girl's innocent smile and curious eyes charmed the old man's heart.
9. The sight of the dirty dishes in the sink disgusted her.
10. The beautiful music played by the orchestra pleased the ears of the audience.
11. His incredible athletic abilities and dedication to his sport impressed everyone who watched him.
12. The stunning view of the sunset from the mountaintop charmed them into staying a little longer.
13. The smell of the rotten fruit in the trash can disgusted everyone in the room.
14. The delicious dessert she made pleased everyone at the party.

Rule - 4
Rule - 4
an
n
an

Use the preposition ‘in’ instead of ‘by’

hm
hm
hm

For the sentences with ‘interested, consisted, absorbed, contained, etc.’

Ra
Ra
Ra

as the main verbs.

r
r
r

nu
nu
nu

fa
fa
fa

Ir
Ir
Ir
 f
f
f

Ir
Ir
Ir

Exercise
1. The book interests me a lot, especially the last chapter.
2. The salad consists of lettuce, tomatoes, and cucumber.
3. She was so absorbed in her book that she didn't hear me come in.
4. The box contains a variety of tools and equipment.
5. The novel interests me because of its complex plot and relatable characters.
6. The salad consists of lettuce, tomatoes, cucumbers, and carrots.
7. The scientific research paper absorbed her attention for hours.
8. The package contains three books and a letter from the sender.
9. The lecture on ancient history interested the students and sparked their curiosity.
10. The cake consists of layers of chocolate sponge and creamy frosting.
11. The new novel absorbed the attention of readers worldwide.
12. The envelope contains important documents and receipts.
13. The idea of traveling to a new country interests me greatly.
14. The report consists of several sections, including an introduction, methodology, and findings.
15. The mystery novel absorbed her completely, and she couldn't put it down until the very end.

Rule - 5
Rule - 5

an
an
an

hm
hm
hm

Use of ‘when’

Ra
Ra
Ra

For the sentences with ‘smell, taste, feel, etc.’ as the main verbs. (Also these verbs are called sensory

ur
r
r

verbs.)
nu
nu

n
fa
fa
fa

Exercise
Ir
Ir
Ir

1. The flowers smell fragrant. 27. The coffee tastes bitter.

2. The silk feels smooth. 28. The soup smells savory.
3. The music sounds harmonious. 29. The perfume smells floral.
4. The food tastes spicy. 30. The lotion feels silky.
5. The lotion feels moisturizing.
6. The air smells fresh.
7. The fabric feels rough.
8. The perfume smells floral.
9. The wine tastes fruity.
10. The sea sounds peaceful.
11. The fruit tastes ripe.
12. The sand feels gritty.
13. The coffee smells aromatic.
14. The breeze feels cool.
15. The rain sounds soothing.
16. The cookies taste delicious.
17. The grass smells fresh.
18. The lotion smells flowery.
19. The metal feels cold.
20. The sound sounds distorted.
21. The roses smell fragrant.
22. The music sounds beautiful.
an
n
an

23. The pie tastes delicious.

hm
hm
hm

24. The blanket feels soft.

Ra
Ra
Ra

25. The fabric looks silky.

26. The room smells musty
r
r
r

nu
nu
nu

fa
fa
fa

Ir
Ir
Ir
Ir Ir Ir
fa fa f
nu nu
r r
Ra Ra
hm hm
an an

Ir Ir Ir
fa fa f
nu nu
r r
Ra Ra
hm hm
an an

Ir Ir Ir
fa fa f
nu n
r ur
Ra Ra
hm hm
an an
 f

f
f

Ir

Ir
Ir

The peacock displays the

most vibrant feathers of any
bird.
an

n
an

a
The orchid blooms the most
hm

hm
hm

beautifully of all flowers.

Ra

Ra
Ra

r
ur

nu

nu
an

fa

fa
f

Ir

Ir
Ir

an

an
an

hm

hm
hm

Ra

Ra
Ra

r
r

nu

nu
nu

fa

fa
fa

Ir

Ir
Ir
Ir Ir Ir
fa f an f
nu
r ur
Ra Ra
hm hm
a n an

Ir Ir Ir
fa fa f
nu nu
r r
Ra Ra
hm hm
an an

Ir Ir Ir
fa fa f
nu nu
r r
Ra Ra
hm hm
an a n
 f
f
f

Ir
Ir
Ir
Transformation (Simple-Complex-Compound)

Simple, Complex, and Compound at a glance

1. Simple i) GKwU gvÎ clause _vK‡e|

ii) Structure: Subject+ one finite verb + ...
2. Complex i) Principal clause and Subordinate clause ¸‡jv Subordinating Conjunction Øviv hy³ _vK‡e|

[Subordinating conjunction: what, where, wherever, why, how, who, when, whenever,
which, whom, whose, if, even if, even though, in case, unless, provided, provided that,
providing that, since, as, as if, as though, as long as, as much as, as soon as, although,
though, because, while, than, in order that, so that, that, after, before, till, until, lest]

ii) Structure: Subordinating conjunction + Subordinate clause + Principal clause

or, Principal clause + Subordinating conjunction + Subordinate clause
iii) Transformation Kivi mgq Aek¨B Principal clause †K †PÄ Ki‡e|
3. Compound i) Kgc‡¶ `ywU principal clauses _vK‡e| GB clause `ywU co-ordinating conjunction Øviv hy³ _vK‡e|
[co-ordinating conjunction ¸‡jv‡K FANBOYS (for/and/nor/but/or/otherwise/yet/so) Q‡›`i
gva¨‡g g‡b ivLv †h‡Z cv‡i|]

Look at the chart of Simple, Complex, and Compound

an
n
an

Subject Simple Complex Compound

a

hm
too…to + verb1/enough to so….that very…and
hm
hm

1 Intensity

Ra
Ra
Ra

2 Purpose Infinitive (to+verb1)/for+v1+ing so that and/ and so

r
r
ur

in order to+verb1/with a view to+v1+ing in order that

nu
nu
an

3 Opposition In spite of/Despite Though/Although but/yet

fa
fa
f

4 Conditional By+Verb1+ing If (affirmative clause) and

Ir
Ir
Ir

By+possessive+noun

In case of+possessive +noun /gerund

In the event of +possessive +noun/ gerund

Without + Gerund/noun If (negative or/otherwise
clause)/Unless
5 Time At the time of/During/ At the age When and
of/Preposition+time
6 Reason Because of/Due to/Owing to on account of As/Since/because and/so/ and so
/for/Verb1+ing
7 Appositive Appositive who/which/that + and
verb
8 Nonfinite Present participle/Verb1+ing since /as and
verb /because/RP/when
While+ verb1+ing
while
Past participle who/which/that and
(passive)
9 Noun art+adj+noun who/which/that + and
phrase verb
art+adv+adj+noun
10 Adverb + simple sentence that clause and
11 Sub +verb+object+to be… that clause and
12 Besides/as well as/both…..and As/Since/because/Wh Not only..but also
en
n
an
n

13 Verb1+ing As soon as/No sooner and

a
a

hm
hm
hm

had/ hardly
had/Scarcely had
Ra
Ra
Ra

14 Wh clause the place of (using at/in/on/to/from/ before) where and

r
r
r

nu
nu
nu

fa
fa
fa

Ir
Ir
Ir
 f
f
f

Ir
Ir
Ir
Transformation (Simple-Complex-Compound)

the reason of+possessive+noun /gerund why

the process of+possessive+noun /gerund how

the time of+possessive +noun /gerund when

15 Before/after/till/until+possessive +noun Before/after/till/until and
/gerund
16 With all+possessive +noun /gerund Whatever/however and
17 Preposition+article+adjective+noun/pronoun as if/as though and

Some exercises

Simple Complex Compound

One clause=Sub+fv+... 2 Clauses 2 Clauses…….and/but/or
1. too …to+v1 so……that very….and

He is too short to touch the roof. He is so short that he can’t touch the He is very short and he can’t
roof. touch the roof.
enough to+v1 so……that very….and

The room is big enough to The room is so big that it can The room is very big and it can
accommodate all the students. accommodate all the students. accommodate all the students.
2. to+v1 so that/in order that and/and so

an
n
an

hm
hm
hm

We went there to play cricket. We went there so that we could play We went there and we could play

Ra
Ra
Ra

cricket. cricket.

r
r
ur

nu
nu

We went there in order that we could We went there and so we could

an

fa
fa

play cricket. play cricket.

f

Ir
Ir
Ir

in order to+v1 so that/in order that and/and so

We went there in order to play We went there so that we could play We went there and we could play
cricket. cricket. cricket.

We went there in order that we could We went there and so we could

play cricket. play cricket.
with a view to+v1+ing so that/in order that and/and so

We went there with a view to We went there so that we could play We went there and we could play
playing cricket. cricket. cricket.

We went there in order that we could We went there and so we could

play cricket. play cricket.
for+v1+ing so that/in order that and/and so

We went there for playing We went there so that we could play We went there and we could play
cricket. cricket. cricket.

We went there in order that we could We went there and so we could

play cricket. play cricket.
3. In spite of/despite +v1+ing though/although but/yet

In spite of (my) trying hard, I Though I tried hard, I failed in English. I tried hard but I failed in
failed in English. English.
Although I tried hard, I failed in
Despite (my) trying hard, I failed English. I tried hard yet I failed in English.
in English.
n
an
n

a
a

4. By+v1+ing If + aff clause and

hm
hm
hm

Ra
Ra
Ra

By practising again and again, If we practise again and again, we can We practise again and again and
we can learn it. learn it. we can learn it.
r
r
r

nu
nu
nu

fa
fa
fa

Ir
Ir
Ir
 f
f
f

Ir
Ir
Ir
Transformation (Simple-Complex-Compound)
By practising again and again, If you practise again and again, you Practise again and again and you
you can learn it. can learn it. can learn it.
Without+v1+ing If+ neg clause/unless or

Without practising again , you If you don’t practise again and again, Practise again and again or you
can’t learn it. you can’t learn it. can’t learn it.

Without practising again, he If he doesn’t practise again and again, Let him practise again and again
can’t learn it. he can’t learn it. or he can’t learn it.

Unless you practise again and again,

you can’t learn it.
5. At the time of/During When and

At the time of winter, leaves fall When it is winter, leaves fall from trees. It is winter and leaves fall from
from trees. trees.
Leaves fall from trees when it is winter.
During winter, leaves fall from
trees.

In winter, leaves fall from trees.

At the age of When and

At the age of 10, he left village When he was 10 years old, he left He was 10 years old and he left
for Dhaka. village for Dhaka. village for Dhaka.

an
n
an

He left village for Dhaka when he was

hm
hm
hm

10 years old.

Ra
Ra
Ra

On+day/date When and

r
r
ur

nu
nu

On Friday, our school remains When it is Friday, our school remains It is Friday and our school
an

fa
fa

closed. closed. remains closed.

f

Ir
Ir
Ir

Our school remains closed when it is

Friday.
In+month/year/season When and

In March, we left school. When it is March, we left school. It is March and we left school.

In 2020, Corona attacked our When it was 2020, Corona attacked our It was 2020 and Corona attacked
country. country. our country.
At+short time When and

At day light, I slept a lot. When it is day light, I slept a lot. It is day light and I slept a lot.
6. v1+ing as/since/because/when and

Finishing his homework, he went When he finished his homework, he He finished his homework and
to sleep. went to sleep. went to sleep.

He went to sleep when he finished his

homework
The problem being difficult, I As/since the problem was difficult, I The problem was difficult and I
failed to solve. failed to solve. failed to solve.

I failed to solve the problem because it

was difficult.
n
an
n

a
a

hm
hm
hm

Ra
Ra
Ra

r
r
r

nu
nu
nu

fa
fa
fa

Ir
Ir
Ir
 f
f
f

Ir
Ir
Ir
Transformation (Simple-Complex-Compound)

Exercise
1. A. Simple: He is too honest to take bribe.

Complex=He is so honest that he can’t take bribe.

Compound=He is very honest and he can’t take bribe.

The fool was too annoyed to answer the question. Nawazish was too tired to continue working. Imran was too arrogant to listen to my
advice. Ahad was too polite to refuse my request. Fahad is too fat to run fast. Arefin is too rich to buy my property. The news is too
good to be true. He is too proud to beg. It is never too late to mend. He is too ignorant to sign his name. He speaks too fast to be
understood. He is too short to touch the fan. I am too fool to understand the simple matter. The writer was too poor to maintain his
family. He is too weak to move. They walked too slowly to catch the bus. He is too honest to accept a bribe. He is too coward to face
his enemy. The man is too old to work. You are too short to touch the roof. He is too dishonest to speak the truth.

B. Simple=The hall is large enough to accommodate all invitees.

Complex=The hall is so large that it can accommodate all invitees.

Compound=The hall is very large and it can accommodate all invitees.

He is talented enough to compose his own songs. He is strong enough to push the trunk. The girl is intelligent enough to understand
the questions. He is not strong enough to carry the load. The man is honest enough to be rewarded. The work is hard enough for her to
complete in time. She did it smoothly enough to make everybody puzzled. The woman had enough money to purchase anything
anytime.The boy has enough merit to get A+ in the exam.The dress was striking enough to attract attention.

C. Simple=The importance of television is too much for us to describe.

Complex=The importance of television is so much that we can’t describe.

Compound=The importance of television is very much and we can’t describe.

an
n
an

hm
hm
hm

Horayra drove too fast for the police to catch. The box is too heavy for me to carry. There was too much snow for us to go walking.
The dress was too expensive for me to buy. The runway is too short for the planes to land. He is too poor to send his children to

Ra
Ra
Ra

school. The puzzle was too difficult for me to solve. He is too strong for you to beat him. The house is too small for everybody to

r
r
ur

accommodate. The water is too salty for me to drink. His ideas are too complicated for me to comprehend them. This is too small a
nu
nu

thing to pit down. The tea is too hot to be drunk. This fact is too evident for us to require proof. Any branch of knowledge is too
an

fa
fa

difficult to be conquered by perseverance. It is too interesting for us to overlook. It is too poor for us to imagine.
f

Ir
Ir
Ir

D. Complex=He is so weak that he cannot speak a single word.

Compound=He is very weak and he cannot speak a single word.

Simple=He is too weak to speak a single word.

They are so nice that they cannot be used just at present. The old man was so tired that he could not walk. The baby was so little that
he could not walk. The box is so old that it cannot be used. He is so weak that he cannot speak a single word. They are so nice that
they cannot be used just at present. He is so young that he cannot take the responsibilities. He is so poor that he cannot send his
children to school. The roast looked so delicious for the cook that he could not resist the temptation. You have so much intelligence
that you can get a job. There are so many problems that I cannot solve them. You have so much money that you can buy a ticket. The
man was so ill that he could not move. Many farmers are so poor that they cannot cultivate their land. The sailors’ throats were so dry
that they could not speak. The roast looked so delicious that the cook couldn’t resist the temptation.

E. Compound= The puzzle was very difficult and I could not solve it.

Complex= The puzzle was so difficult that I could not solve it.

Simple= The puzzle was too difficult for me to solve it.

He is very strong and you cannot beat him. This house is very small and it cannot accommodate everybody. He is very stupid and he
will not pass the test. He is very old and he cannot walk without support. She was very distressed and she could not answer my
questions. You are very young and you cannot get married. She is very shy and she cannot perform on stage. His ideas are very
complicated and I cannot comprehend them. The water is very salty and I cannot drink it. We arrived very late and we could not have
dinner.

2. A. Simple= We must study hard to make excellent results in our exams.

Complex= We must study hard so that/in order that we can make excellent results in our exams.

Compound= We must study hard and so we can make excellent results in our exams.

They come here to enjoy themselves. He wants to be a doctor to serve people. The farmers work hard to support themselves. We work
hard to attain success in life. She hoped to win the first prize. The farmers sow good seeds to get good crops. We have to be honest to
reach the highest peak of life. He always works hard to improve his result. We have to work hard to earn money or to gain knowledge.
n
an
n

Tourists from home and abroad visit its shore to enjoy themselves. He lent some money from the bank to buy a car. We have law-
a
a

hm
hm
hm

enforcing agencies to stop the dishonest businessmen. Bangladesh govt. has already made some laws to root out this vice. They go
Ra
Ra
Ra

there to enjoy the city. He always works hard to improve his result. Feroza worked to support the family. Bangladesh government has
already some laws to root out this vice. He requests me to buy a fishing line for him. He studies hard to make a good result. His wife
r
r
r

had to work hard to maintain his family. They have come to earn their livelihood. We should come forward to save them. We should
nu
nu
nu

make a new law to fight against corruption. We eat to live. We expect them to win the world cup in future. We have to raise awareness
fa
fa
fa

Ir
Ir
Ir
 f
f
f

Ir
Ir
Ir
Transformation (Simple-Complex-Compound)
among people to reduce water pollution. They build their houses on high platforms to keep them from damp. They come to our
country to search a better shelter.

B. Simple= We have to be educated in order to serve the nation.

Complex= We have to be educated so that/in order that we can serve the nation.

Compound= We have to be educated and we can serve the nation.

In order to be healthy we have to take balanced diet every day. We have to save money in order to buy a football. She reads attentively
in order to do well in the examination. The farmers sow good seeds in order to get good crops. Creator has blessed people with
conscience in order to differentiate the right path from wrong one. I must answer to the questions briefly and to the point in order to
obtain good marks. The visitors go there for enjoying natural beauties. We eat in order to preserve our health. They constructed Lalbag
Front in order to save this city from any attack. We have to work hard in order to earn money. We read books in order to get pleasure.
We should work together in order to keep peace in the society. The young people should find some ways in order to be employed. The
king called on him in order to know his future. The housewife’s raised a hue and cry in order to let her neighbours know the presence
of the dacoit. We should save tigers in order to save our Sundarbans. We must remove illiteracy in order to develop our country.

C. Complex= He keeps his students busy so that he can make them happy.

Compound= He keeps his students busy and he can make them happy.

Simple= He keeps his students busy to make them happy.

The writer wanted mountain air so that he could be physically fit. He worked hard so that he could pass the examination. We eat so
that we may live well. We should make the habit of reading books so that we may earn knowledge. A student should attempt to answer
all the questions so that he may get good marks. People have to decrease their consumption so that they can survive. He studied
sincerely in order that he could save money. He went to Bagerhat so that he could visit the Shat Gombuj Mosque. The boy reads more
so that he can make a good result. We eat food so that we can get strength. He works hard so that he can earn more money. He went to
a shop in order that he could sell her shirt. I saved some money in order that I could buy some books. They came to me in order that
they could see me personally. A frugal man makes a target so that he can save money for future. The villagers work hard so that they
can support themselves. He helped the people so that they might fight for independence. He exercises so that he can keep his body fit.

an
n
an

She raised a hue and cry so that she could let her neighbors know the presence of the robber. We should be self-reliant so that we can

hm
hm
hm

attain development of the country. We should eat a balanced diet so that we may lead a healthy life. We work hard so that we can attain

Ra
Ra
Ra

success in our life. He works hard so that he can pass the examination. I tried heart and soul so that I could present an objective report.
I wanted a quiet place so that I could finish some writings. He used to lend money on high interest so that he could get more from it. I

r
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ur

was earning barely enough money so that I could support myself. We must take a balanced diet so that he can be healthy. We need a
nu
nu
an

personal computer so that can operate an email system. Many people come here so that they can find jobs. Once she went to her aunt’s
fa
fa
f

house so that she could spend a few days. People build homes so that they can protect themselves from flood and wild animals. People
Ir
Ir
Ir

read books so that they can get pleasure. So, we waited long so that we could get the next train. Taimur disguised himself as a poor
traveler so that he could survive. The causes of deforestation are so many that they cannot be described. The effects of deforestation
are so many that they cannot be described. The farmers work hard so that they may/can support themselves. The queen of Sheba came
so that she could test his wisdom.

3. A. Simple= In spite of his being healthy, he is lazy./He is lazy in spite of his being healthy.

Complex=Though he is healthy, he is lazy./He is lazy though he is healthy.

Compound= He is healthy but he is lazy.

In spite of his working hard, he could not reach to his goal. In spite of saving life, he was insulted. In spite of having a large
population, her educational facility is very limited. In spite of not making one rich, it brings peace in mind. In spite of being healthy,
he does not work at all. In spite of being a test playing country, Bangladesh’s standard is not high. Despite knowing it, many people go
on smoking every day. Despite having intellect and conscience, he has lagged behind. In-spite of his being the only child he offered to
fight the miscreants. In spite of strict lows against acid violence the ghastly crime is on the rise in Bangladesh. In spite of knowing
their helpless conditions, they make their children farmer. Despite many negative aspects, Bangladesh has become a country of
possibility. Despite his being an enigmatic character every reader likes Hamlet very much. Despite being cowards, they are very
cunning. In spite of strict laws against acid violence, the ghastly crime is one the rise in Bangladesh. Despite getting chance, he did not
kill the lion.

B. Complex= Though he was learned, he did not get a good job./He did not get a good job though he was learned.

Compound= He was learned but he did not get a good job.

Simple=In spite of his being learned, he did not get a good job./He did not get a good job in spite of his being learned.

Though it is a blessing, it has dark sides. In this world many people are unhappy though they have money. Though he was qualified,
he did not get a government job. Though he has intellect and conscience, he has lagged behind the humanity. Though it is a very costly
game, young men get a great deal of delight playing it. Though the price is increasing day by day, the income of people is not
increasing at all. Though Bangladesh is not a big country, too many people live here. Though the price of daily necessaries is
increasing day by day, the income of people is not increasing at all. Though she was a nice little girl, she was not an ordinary child.
Though Hopi women cannot become religious leaders, their children inherit the clan of their mother. Though he was a nice little girl,
she was not an ordinary child. Though he cut the belly of the goose, he found no egg inside it. Though a healthy man is an asset to his
n
an
n

family an unhealthy man is liability.

a
a

hm
hm
hm

C. Compound= He is old but he is very active.

Ra
Ra
Ra

Complex= Though he is old, he is very active./He is very active though he is old.

r
r
r

nu
nu
nu

Simple=In spite of his being old, he is very active./He is very active in spite of his being old.
fa
fa
fa

Ir
Ir
Ir
 f
f
f

Ir
Ir
Ir
Transformation (Simple-Complex-Compound)
He is healthy but he does not work at all. He behaved rough but lie was not punished. He worked hard but he failed. He left the
country but the reason was mysterious. In winter, it remains idle but it works hard in spring. She has a large population, but her
educational facility is very limited. It may not make one rich but it brings peace in mind. He is healthy but he does not work at all.
Bangladesh is a test playing country but its standard is not high. Morning walk costs us nothing, but it gives us invaluable benefit. He
ran fast but he could not catch the thief. The mother went from door to door but found no house without death. The last century is over
but it will not be forgotten. The boy was twelve years old but he was undersized. Morning walk costs us nothing but it gives us much
invaluable benefit. Its eyes are small but its ears look like fans. It was a good picture, but the lady’s friends did not like it. It is difficult
to explain but it exists. It is great fun to eat but it is not good for the body. In winter, it remains idle but it works hard in spring. For
seven days he tried to pray but he could not break the sailors curse. He works hard but cannot earn well. I am a river but not the Surma
of eyes. Bangladesh is a small country but has a huge population. Bangladesh is a very poor and populated country but she can open a
lot of ways to be self-reliant. Education is a right for the general people today but it was a privilege for the few in the past. He tried his
best to remove the bone from his throat, but all in vain.

4. A. Simple= By studying attentively, you can get A+./You can get A+ by studying attentively.

Complex=If you study attentively, you can get A+./You can get A+, if you study attentively.

Compound= Study attentively and you can get A+.

By writing regularly, you can avoid your mistakes. By working hard, they can remove their condition. One can prosper in life by
working hard. One can communicate with others by using a language. One learns to communicate by using a language. However, this
problem can be solved by adopting some pragmatic steps. By walking regularly, you can be fit. By eating fish, I can get protein. By
offering prayer to Allah, we can make Him happy. By drinking clean water, you can keep your body fit. We can get power by eating
rice and bread. By reading books, we can enrich our minds. By being industrious, we can succeed in life. By taking physical exercise
regularly, we can maintain good health. By taking care of their students, they can teach well. By preventing this pollution, we can
remain healthy. By falling to save them, we’ll face a great loss. By earning money, he can be self-sufficient. By drinking polluted
water, we suffer from different diseases. By doing so, we can make them responsible citizens of the country. By being educated, they
can be skilled. But taking some pragmatic steps, we can solve this problem. We may improve their condition by taking proper steps.

B. Simple= Without practising much, you can’t show better performance./You can’t show better performance without practising much.

an
n
an

Complex= If you don’t practise much, you can’t show better performance. /You can’t show better performance if you don’t practise
a

hm
hm
hm

much.

Ra
Ra
Ra

Compound= Practise much or you can’t show better performance.

r
r
ur

Without discussing the problem, you cannot solve it. Without learning English, we cannot hope to get any job. Without using mobile,
nu
nu
an

you can’t communicate with relatives quickly. Without watching TV, you can’t learn new things. Without reading more you cannot
fa
fa
f

pass. Without taking physical exercise we cannot keep our body fit. He will not be able to write well without writing much. Without
Ir
Ir
Ir

taking care of them, their dignity will be hampered. Without taking care of them, we can’t think of our development. Without
receiving education, they will lag behind. Without reading books we can’t change our narrow outlook. Without learning English, we
can’t hope to get a good job. Without determining aim, one can’t reach at one’s goal. Without cultivating the habit of speaking the
truth, we cannot command the confidence of others. We cannot live without eating food. Without doing it, you will die. None can
receive any reward unless he works hard. Life becomes dull without recreation.

C. Complex= If I take balance diet regularly, I can be healthy./I can be healthy if I take balance diet regularly.

Compound= I take balance diet regularly and I can be healthy.

Simple= By taking balance diet regularly, I can be healthy./I can be healthy by taking balance diet regularly.

If you read more, you will know more. If you work hard, you can prosper. If you practice regularly, you can play well. If we work hard
in this regard, we can see soon pollution free nation. If a student is devoted to studies, he will surely shine in life. If we maintain it, we
shall be able to lead a peaceful life. If he takes exercise regularly, he can maintain fitness. If they can know the benefit of sincerity,
they will make a good use of it. If we are not conscious, we will have to pay a lot for this. If I rise early, I will have enough time to
study.

D. Complex= If you do not hold your tongue, I will turn you out./I will turn you out if you do not hold your tongue.

Compound= Hold your tongue or I will turn you out.

Simple=Without holding your tongue, I will turn you out./I will turn you out without holding your tongue.

If she does not take exercise regularly, she can’t be healthy. If you do not make hurry, you will supper a lot. If he does not maintain
traffic rules, he will be punished. If you don’t have a visa, you can’t go to abroad. If they do not complete assignment, they will be
taken to task. You cannot receive affection unless you give it also. If you don’t watch TV, you can’t learn new things.

E. Compound= Speak the truth and I shall pardon you.

Complex=If you speak the truth, I shall pardon you./I shall pardon you if you speak the truth.

Simple= By speaking the truth, I shall pardon you./I shall pardon you by speaking the truth.

Work hard and you will prosper. Be attentive and you will understand it clearly. Follow my example and you will shine in life.
Observe a good teacher and you will not see him motionless.
n
an
n

a
a

hm
hm
hm

F. Compound= Write much or you cannot avoid mistakes.

Ra
Ra
Ra

Complex=If you don’t write much, you cannot avoid mistakes. /You cannot avoid mistakes if you don’t write much.
r
r
r

Simple= Without writing much, you cannot avoid mistakes. /You cannot avoid mistakes without writing much.
nu
nu
nu

fa
fa
fa

Ir
Ir
Ir
 f
f
f

Ir
Ir
Ir
Transformation (Simple-Complex-Compound)
Hold your tongue or I will turn you out from the class room. We must develop the habit of speaking the truth or we cannot other
respect. Drive carefully or there may be accident. Move or you will die. Do it quickly or you will be in danger. Keep quiet or go out.
Work hard or you will not pass in the examination. Do or die. Use mobile or you can’t communicate with relatives quickly.

Time

During+time=long term =season/year

In+time=week/month/year

At+time=short term

On+time=day/date

At the age of+ age = if expresses age

At the time of+verb+ing= if expresses time of verb

5. A. Simple= During the rainy season, it assumes a terrible shape./It assumes a terrible shape during the rainy season.

Complex=When it is the rainy season, it assumes a terrible shape./It assumes a terrible shape when it is the rainy season.

Compound= It is the rainy season and it assumes a terrible shape.

I went there in the month of June. Last winter, I visited the mosque complex. During the rainy season it assumes a terrible shape. In
summer, it becomes emaciated. In his youth, he joined the France army as ordinary soldiers. In the morning the air remains fresh. In
the morning the air remains fresh. In the evening many families spend their free time watching television. At the time of saying
prayers the hurriedly left the roof. At the time of snowing seeds, he remains so much busy. During the rainy season, if assumes a
terrible shape. During the rainy season it assumes. During summer it becomes emaciated. He came to the orphanage at the age of four.
And at the time of her death, his heat was filled with intense grief. He sits to read at the time of reading. At the time of snowing seeds,
he remains so much busy. Mangoes are ripe in the summer.

When it was winter, I was in London. When it was daylight, I was half awakened by the sound of chopping. When it is spring, the

an
n
an

cuckoo sings. The authoress went to Dhaka when it was autumn. He woke up when it was raining. The girls were delighted when they
a

hm
hm
hm

saw the fine flowers. When it is summer, it becomes emaciated. When he was fighting battles, he spent much of his time studying.
When we were children, the family protected us. When we grow up, we need help of people around us. When a teacher is absent,

Ra
Ra
Ra

students generally make a noise. When the lunch was over, the lady went away. When my mutton chop arrived, she took me t ask. You

r
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ur

came here only at four. He sits to read when it is time for reading. When I arrived my friend took me to his house. When it was the
nu
nu

month of June, I went there. When he gets the question paper, he should read through it carefully. When an examinee gets the question
an

fa
fa

paper, he should read through it carefully. When the queen heard it, she came to the room. When he reached the shore, he became
f

Ir

excited. When we came out of the station, we called a taxi in vain. When there is a natural disaster, it protects the southern part of our
Ir
Ir

country. When it is spring, it becomes very busy. One night he woke up when he heard the sound of rain. One night when he was
saying his prayer, a thief broke into his room. When they reach home, they feel tired. When people attend meeting, they do not
embarrass. When he was four years old, he came to the orphanage. I went over when it was (time for) interval. I was there when it was
autumn. Hilsha is available when it is rainy season. He loses his mother when he was four. It was twenty-four years ago when he lived
in Athens. He learns his lesson when it is time to learn. He became a sailor when he was a boy. Every day we see him when he goes in
khaki. A book fair becomes crowded when it is evening. When it was his life time. he spent money lavishly to help the poor.

B. Complex= When Kamal went to market, he bought a book./He bought a book when Kamal went to market.

Compound= Kamal went to market and he bought a book.

Simple= Going to market, Kamal bought a book.

He was glad when he heard the news. When I went there, I found the door locked. You came here when you were only four. When it
was 1971, Bangladesh got independence.

6. A. Simple= Completing his study, he went to play.

Complex= When he completed his study, he went to play./He went to play when he completed his study.

Compound= He completed his study and he went to play.

Finishing her work, she went home. Standing by the window, the girl looked out. Entering the classroom, the teacher found the boys
gossiping. Standing in front of the graves, we bow down our head. Filling the pitcher, he went out. Seeing the small baby, she took it
in her arm. Finding the gates widely open, the thief went inside. Talking to you I always feel better. Feeling tired, I went to bed early.
Seeing the policeman, the robbers ran away. Finding the door open, I went inside. Crying at the top of his voice, he rushed at the thief.
Having worked for several hours, we came out of the office. Men pollute water by throwing waste into it. Walking along the road, I
saw a snake. Having lost all his money in gambling, he became a pauper. Taking a cue from his words, I solved the riddle. Breaking
the door open, the burglars entered the house. Not realizing the implication of his words, he went on speaking. Having found a hotel,
we looked for somewhere to have dinner. Having finished her work, she went home. Having lost all of my money, I went home.
Having forgotten him, I went outside. Having typed the letter, he went home. Having spoken to her mind, she felt more at ease.
Having looked over the papers, she looked out of the window. Having been defeated by our army, the enemy forces retreated fast into
their territory. I dislike him for his laziness.
n
an
n

B. The earth being round, we met again. The sun having set, we reached home. The marriage ceremony being over, the guests were
a

hm
hm
hm

going the feast. His handwriting being illegible, I couldn’t figure out what he had written. The moon having risen, we set out our
Ra
Ra
Ra

journey. Education being one of the basic needs of a human being is essential for any kind of development. It being a fine day,
everybody was out on the roads. The lunch being over, she went away. The weather being very hot, we could not go to play. It being a
r
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r

small cot, he couldn’t sleep on it.

nu
nu
nu

fa
fa
fa

Ir
Ir
Ir
 f
f
f

Ir
Ir
Ir
Transformation (Simple-Complex-Compound)
C. Complex= Since he was sharp, he made a good result./He made a good result since he was sharp.

Simple= Being sharp, he made a good result.

Compound= He was sharp and he made a good result.

As he saw the tiger, he ran away in fear. As the writer was poor, he could not visit Sheraton earlier. Since the water was salty, the
sailors could not drink. Since the workers were encouraged by the owner, they went on working. As the shirt is costly, I cannot buy it.
Monir was loved by all because of his honesty. As the writer was poor, he could not visit Sheraton earlier. As they are industrious, they
will succeed in life. As he works hard, he stands first in every class. As they are assets to the nation, they should equip themselves
accordingly. Their effort has been proved ineffective since adulteration of foods and other commodities is on increase. Since there was
no rain, he was worried. As love is divine everybody wants it. Since they played well, they won the match. As the writer was poor, he
could not entertain her properly. As he saw the police, he ran away. As he had much experience, he got the job. Since he was angry
with her, he didn’t utter a word.

D. Compound= The girl finished her cry and attended to her class.

Simple= Finishing her cry, the girl attended to her class.

Complex= When the girl finished her cry, she attended to her class./She attended to her class when the girl finished her cry.

I had forgotten him and went outside the cabin. It flies from flower to flower and collects honey. It ennobles one’s character and gives
one high position in society. He found a mad dog and injected some weak germs into his blood. All on a sudden Eva lost her balance
and fell into the river. He drew a package from his overcoat and threw it upon the table. He took the purse and ran away. They are very
nice and they cannot be used just at present. The divers put off their clothes and plunged into the river. The boy was courageous and
managed the unruly horse. I was ill and I could not attend the meeting. Sahel was honest and could not take the money. Fatima was
slender and mastered the art. Many women were present there and they wept to hear the news. There were many students and they all
shouted. I bought some interesting novels and I presented them to my sister. The boy was courageous and managed the unruly horse. I
was ill and I could not attend the meeting. Sahel was honest and could not take the money. Fatima was slender and mastered the art.
The man saw the tiger and went away. I took a cabin and asked for man to chop wood. The dog lay close to him and found comfort
there. The thief took the money and ran away. The man saw the RAB and ran away.

an
n
an

E. Compound=Love is divine and everybody wants it.

hm
hm
hm

Ra
Simple= Love being divine, everybody wants it.
Ra
Ra

Complex= As/since love is divine, everybody wants it./Everybody wants it as/since love is divine

r
r
ur

nu
nu
an

The sun had set and we went home. The matter was easy and I understood it. He spoke very fast and we could not follow him. The
fa
fa

door was opened and Jims stepped in. The sea water was very salty and they couldn’t drink it. He is a thief and we suspect it. The
f

Ir
Ir
Ir

meeting was over and we went home. Smoking causes cancer and this is well known. The load is heavy and I cannot carry. The curry
is salty and I cannot eat. The sun rose and the fog dispersed. The weather was very cold and there were no birds or animals. He was
born at a beautiful place and we had seen it. The lunch was over, she went away. Their throats were very dry and they could not speak

7. A. Simple=Rabindranath Tagore, a renowned poet, won the Nobel Prize for literature.

Complex= Rabindranath Tagore who is a renowned poet, won the Nobel Prize for literature

Compound= Rabindranath Tagore is a renowned poet and he won the Nobel Prize for literature.

Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh, is recorded to be heavily polluted. Susan, my neighbor, is a good cook. Ms. Sarmin, my vice-
principal, punished me for not doing homework. My mother, a lovely woman, baked cakes for my birthday. Water, an important
element, is being polluted day by day. Rana, a famous poet, keeps a good relationship with his fans. You, my best friend, lead a very
decent life. The sun, a star in the sky, is one of the greatest sources of energy. Your friend, Bill is in trouble. A beautiful dog, Tommy
was my favorite pet. A popular cricketer, Tamim Iqbal is a man of letters. A hot tempered cricket player, Shahid Afridi tried to hit a six.
A beautiful dog, Tom was one my favorite pet dogs. My sister, Bonna got first class. My neighbor, Sajid bought a new car. Dhaka, the
city of mosque, is the most famous for as tourist destinations. Bayazid Bostami, a saint came to Bangladesh from the Bostam to Iran.
Charles Kararo, a banker draws a good salary. Kazi Nazrul Islam, our national poet, was born in May 1899. Robert Bruce, The king of
Scotland sat in a lonely hall. Rokeya, a Bangladeshi girl, is going to finish school.

B. Complex= Lily who is your best friend, is performing at the art club tomorrow.

Simple= Lily, your best friend, is performing at the art club tomorrow.

Compound= Lily is your best friend and she is performing at the art club tomorrow.

Rana’s study room which is the most untidy area, is packed full of books. Neha who is a beautiful girl, is my friend’s sister. A red
BMW which is my friend’s car, is the topic of discussion today. Dina who is my well wisher, stood by me in trouble. Milton, who is a
trained magician, performed at my sister’s birthday party. My wife who is a nurse by training, has to work at night shifts also. Richard,
who is my intimate colleague, would be delighted. He who is my brother, is a doctor.

8. A. Simple=The women standing in the corner are from Brazil.

Complex= The women who are standing in the corner are from Brazil.
n
an
n

Compound= The women are standing in the corner and they are from Brazil.
a
a

hm
hm
hm

The police saw the body floating down the river. We met a boy carrying a heavy bag. I saw a bird sitting on the wall. I saw a girl
Ra
Ra
Ra

standing at the window. There are many vehicles running in the street. He is a poor man living in Dhaka. The students studying
seriously can expect to make an excellent result. I saw him walking down the street. She heard me reading aloud my vocabulary. The
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doctor working in the hospital is known to all. We found him smoking behind the shed. Jamir is a farmer living in a village. Michael
nu
nu
nu

was a poor shepherd living in the lake district of England. She saw a young man playing on his flute. We heard the students making a
fa
fa
fa

Ir
Ir
Ir
 f
f
f

Ir
Ir
Ir
Transformation (Simple-Complex-Compound)
noise. A person having time befitting education can succeed. Kamal is a farmer living in a village. People having little income lead a
miserable life. People living below the poverty line lead a miserable life. People living in plenty do not eat the right kind of food.
People living in the villages are farmers. The passengers coming here have no time to talk or to look at others.There are many people
having no good house. There are many people not accepting it.

B. Complex= The man who works hard can shine in life.

Simple= The man working hard can shine in life.

Compound= The man works hard and he can shine in life.

A man, who leads an idle life, brings misery for his life.They saw a ship that was coming to them. Those who become tired may go to
relax there. Most of the students who come from abroad get admitted in the private medical colleges. Shylock was a cruel man who
resided in Venice. People who work in the office, usually walk in the morning. People who come from home and abroad enjoy its
beauty very much. They saw the drunken porter who was lying on the floor. They saw a ship that was coming to them. People who
live in the village are farmers. The man who knows English well can go abroad. Organizations frequently need employees who have a
good command of English. Only the boys who work hard can shine in life. People who read his writings become astonished to see his
genius. People who love food can taste local as well as foreign food. People who live in the villages are farmers. People who live in
plenty do not eat the right kind of food. People who live below the poverty line lead a miserable life. People who live below poverty
line lead a miserable life. People who go without love become harsh.

C. Simple= A good teacher discovers the treasure hidden inside each student.

Complex= A good teacher discovers the treasure which is hidden inside each student.

Compound= A good teacher discovers the treasure and it is hidden inside each student.

The book written by me is informative. People affected with arsenicosis die ultimately. People addicted to gambling lose everything.
Education imparted to students is high standard. The answer written by him was not correct. The cars made in Japan last long. The tea
imported from Srilanka is qualitative. The pen presented to you is fantastic. The picture which was drawn by Liza is very fine. The
house decorated with lights looks beautiful. Friendships made in childhood last forever. The noise made by the car suggested an
engine problem. She shocked by the bad news, burst into tears. The event organised by our team will surely be a great success. The

an
n
an

film based on real events tells the story of a teacher. The car taken to the garage was repaired within an hour. She admired by everyone

hm
hm
hm

began to grow arrogant. He dumped by his girlfriend felt really helpless.

Ra
Ra
Ra

D. Simple= Once upon a time there lived a man named Abdul

r
r
ur

nu
nu

Complex= Once upon a time there lived a man whose name was Abdul.
an

fa
fa

Compound= Once upon a time there lived a man and his name was Abdul.
f

Ir
Ir
Ir

Once there was a girl named Rina. A man named Opu came here. We belong to a country named Bangladesh. Long long ago there was
a king Robert Bruce by name. Once there was a king named Lear. Once upon a time, there was a girl named Jesmin.

E. Complex= I still remember the advice which was given by my father.

Simple= I still remember the advice given by my father.

Compound= I still remember the advice and it was given by my father.

The Tajmahal that was built many years ago still looks very charming. The steps which are taken by me prove fruitful. The heart
which is formed for love cannot be happy without the opportunity of giving and receiving lover.

9. A. Simple= He is a good student.

Complex= He is a student who is good.

Compound= He is a student and he is good.

He is a meritorious boy. The greedy criminals should be given tough punishment. Mr. Mashiur Rahman is an honest man. An ant is an
industrious insect. Mr. Masud is an unfortunate man. Iron is a useful metal. Pasteur was a famous scientist. I bought some interesting
novels. Honesty is a great virtue. London Iron is the most valuable metal. A lost moment is lost forever. The sleeping cat is brown.
Cox’s Bazar sea-beach is the longest sea-beach in the world. She has got a broken heart. He bought some valuable gifts. The cuckoo is
a bird of very shy nature. Traffic jam is a common affair in big cities and towns. Some TV channels present unpleasant programmes. A
thing of beauty is joy forever. Once there lived a poor old woman. Once there lived a jealous queen. He is also a religious man.
Androcles was a kind man.

B. Simple= Bangladesh is a densely populated country.

Complex= Bangladesh is a country which is densely populated.

Compound= Bangladesh is a country and it/she is densely populated.

A postman is a very familiar figure. He made a very poor impression on him. Television has a great educative value. Teaching is a
very noble profession. My mother is a very religious woman. They go to the teachers for a very concise suggestion. Today many of
them lead a very miserable life. A dog is a very faithful animal. The fox is a very cunning animal. Long long ago there was a very wise
n
an
n

king. Alam is a very brilliant boy.

a
a

hm
hm
hm

C. Simple=A dishonest boy suffers in life.

Ra
Ra
Ra

Complex= A boy who is dishonest suffers in life.

r
r
r

nu
nu
nu

Compound= A boy is dishonest and he suffers in life.

fa
fa
fa

Ir
Ir
Ir
 f
f
f

Ir
Ir
Ir
Transformation (Simple-Complex-Compound)
An industrious boy will shine in life. A frugal boy can get success in life. A drowning man catches at a straw. The recovered animals
will be released. The freshly picked tomatoes look delicious. The woman who is reported is a spy. A friend who is true stands by his
friend in time of need. Faisal is a boy who is very intelligent. The water which is pure is necessary for us. A newly married woman is
called a bride. A sick man cannot enjoy life. Village people are farmers. Greedy people are responsible for price spiral. The greedy
people are responsible for this problem. The ignorant drivers always have an over taking tendency. An unpatriotic man is hated
everywhere. But a healthy man is unhappy in many respects. A poor woman had none to look after her. A rich man comes forward to
help him.

10. Simple= Unfortunately Bangladesh has lost the game.

Complex= It is unfortunate that Bangladesh has lost the game.

Compound= Bangladesh has lost the game and it is unfortunate.

Certainly I will go there. Undoubtedly smoking is a bad habit. Finally we will go to Dhaka. Surely they had joined you. Probably her
boyfriend will buy her some flowers. Definitely my uncle is moving to Stockholm soon. Unfortunately, the flight to Dallas had been
cancelled. Usually our supper is taken at 9 pm. Clearly she has made a mistake. Truly I have lost my mind. Unfortunately she lost he
purse. Suddenly the rain started. Undoubtedly Pohela Baishakh is the most celebrated festival in Bangladesh. clearly, the only way
was to swim.

11. A. Simple= I know him to be honest.

Complex= I know that he is honest.

Compound= He is honest and I know it.

We supposed him to be a gentle man. The lady was judged to be guilty. She never imagined herself to be great. We considered him to
be gentle. I believe my students to be sincere. The man is reported to be a spy. We assumed her to be innocent. They discovered the
guard to be faithful. We felt the decision to be wise.

B. Complex= Everybody believes that education is the backbone of a nation.

an
n
an

Simple= Everybody believes education to be the backbone of a nation.

a

hm
hm
hm

Compound= Education is the backbone of a nation and everybody believes it.

Ra
Ra
Ra

We think that the grass is always greener on the other side of the fence. I think that you are honest. They thought that I did it. We

r
r
ur

realized that it was a time capsule. He thought that it was India. People think that Hasan is a great hero. I consider that the man is
nu
nu

honest. He knows that he will pass. We believe that the earth is round. We believe that he has that ability. They admitted that they were
an

fa
fa

guilty. They said that the movie was fantastic. He said that he was so disappointed. We think that we can touch the stars. I believe that
f

Ir

he is innocent. I suspect that she eloped with her boyfriend. The children complained that they had nothing to do. She didn’t really
Ir
Ir

think that it would happen. The teacher should know that everything is unacceptable. I believe that everything happens for a reason.

12. A. As soon as the neighbours heard the hue and cry, they rushed to the spot. As soon as saw him I called him. As soon as he
touched it, he was surprised. As soon as he saw me, he ran away. As soon as I reached the station, the train left. As soon as he teacher
came, there was silence. As soon as she heard the news, she burst into tears. As soon as he saw, it she showed me. As soon as she
arrived home, the telephone rang. As soon as we reached the station, the train left. As soon as the students came to college, the bell
rang. As soon as we started for college, the rain started. As soon as he saw me, he ran away swiftly. As soon as the police marked the
thief, he ran away. As soon as the thief saw the police, he ran away.

B. No sooner had the rain stopped than they left the shelter. No sooner had we reached the station than the train left. No sooner had the
man seen than he ran away. No sooner had the thief seen the police than the thief fled away from the spot. No sooner had we reached
the college than the rain started. No sooner had I entered into the room, I broke a glass. No sooner had you left the place than you had
an accident.

13. A. Besides teaching us English, Khan writes novels. Besides ennobling our mind, it also refines our sensibility. Besides helping
me, he completed the task. Besides calling her, I offered her love. Besides playing tennis, she skis very well. Besides learning
English, he writes novels. Besides fruit, we’re going to have ice cream. Besides the rain, we experienced heavy winds. Besides being
a businessman, he is a musician. Besides French, he can obviously speak English. Besides being a surgeon, he was a famous writer.
Besides being an actress, she was a famous painter. Besides being sent to prison, he was heavily fined. Besides being a fantastic
footballer, he’s also good at cricket. Besides playing tennis, I also play football. Besides robbing the passenger, he also murdered
them.

B. The producers ended up not only extending but also expanding their filming hours. She is not only rich but also famous. He visited
not only France but also Switzerland. He not only insulted her in front of her friends but also threatened to beat her up. He was not
only upset but also angry. The place was not only good, but also safe. The plot moved not only swiftly but also artfully throughout the
movie. She is not only a good wife, but also a good mother. She speaks not only English, but also French. She not only speaks
English, but also French. She was not only sad, but also angry. Not only was she sad; she was also angry. They not only need food,
but also shelter. Mr. Khan not only teaches us English but also writes novels. Ebon not only likes but also recommends the movie. Not
only the movie but also the play was good. The actors were not only engaging but also skillful in their performances The directors
wanted not only to win but also to receive recognition for their work. The dacoit not only robbed the poor house owner but also
murdered him. The foods served here are not only sumptuous but also highly nutritious.The movie is being shown not only at the Fox
Theater but also neighborhood theaters.
n
an
n

a
a

C. The actors were both engaging and skillful in their performances. The movie is being shown both at The Fox Theater and in
hm
hm
hm

neighborhood theaters. The producers ended up both extending and expanding their filming hours. Both the movie and the play were
Ra
Ra
Ra

good. I liked both the movie and the play. The directors wanted both to win and to receive recognition for their work. I liked not only
the movie but also the play. I both like and recommend the movie. The plot moved both swiftly and artfully throughout the movie.
r
r
r

nu
nu
nu

fa
fa
fa

Ir
Ir
Ir
 f
f
f

Ir
Ir
Ir
Transformation (Simple-Complex-Compound)
14. A. While reading, I was called. While walking, she tripped over a stone. While doing the sum, he faced some problems. While
talking, you are feeling nervous. While coming from there, I met with Badhon. While walking in the garden, a snake bit him. While
sleeping in his room, he dreamt a nice dream. To stand further away from each other while talking seems unfriendly to them. I fell
asleep while watching television. The phone always rings while having a shower. While washing her hair, she looked at me. While
standing outside the cinema, someone picked my pocket.

B. While I was reading, I was called. While she was walking, she tripped over a stone. While he was doing the sum, he faced some
problems. While you were talking, you were feeling nervous. While it was raining, I was going to college. My uncle arrived while she
was cooking the dinner. The phone rang while I was watching TV. I met him while we were studying in the library. I fell asleep while I
was watching television. It didn’t rain at all while we were on holiday. It started raining while I was waiting for the bus. My wife
walked the dog while I was washing the car.

15. Health is wealth. Unity is strength. Knowledge is power. Truthfulness may lead the world to peace and happiness. Friendship may
brings happiness and peace in the world. The name of our school is B.K High School. We live in Bangladesh. Barishal produces the
greatest amount of fish. Corruption is the main obstacle on our way to progress. For boys and girls Durga Puja has a special charm. He
got independence for their sacrifice.

It is good health which keeps us fit for work. It is happiness that money cannot buy happiness. It is he who lives in Dhaka. It is he who
once he broke the axe handle. It is illiteracy which is the greatest bar to our development. It is Kawra which is the name of our village.
It is Religious sentiment which is a must to stop it. It is she who was brought to the family. It is strong public awareness which is
essential for the fight against adulteration.

16. Lord knew what they cost. Tell me what the truth is. I know what her name is. I know where he was born. I know that he will be
successful.

Turn the following complex sentences into compound and simple

I am sure that it’s a mistake. I left for home as soon as I heard the news. When he woke up, it was raining. Since the old man was
weak, he could not go to the court. It is natural that a mother loves her children. People expect that political leaders should be honest.
Since he was absent, I did not discuss the matter with his parents. If you follow my example, you will feel better. If you do not carry
out my order, I shall punish you. People live in houses so that they can remain safe. He speaks so fast that he cannot be understood. If

an
n
an

you do not obey me, you will be punished. The farmers are so poor that they cannot meet their both ends. It was twenty years ago
a

hm
hm
hm

when I was living in Dhaka. I did not know why it disturbed me. He was so short that he could not touch the roof. You will fall ill

Ra
Ra
Ra

unless you take regular exercise. As soon as he got the news, he sent me a message. The doctor is hopeful that the patient will recover.
Since they gave it food and water, it became very tame. As he felt a great love for them, he blessed them from his heart. Though I

r
r
ur

burned with questions, I could not ask. Allah will bless you if you help the poor. Everybody knows that man is mortal. There I met a
nu
nu

man who was very clever. There is no doubt that he is an honest man. I did not know the reason why you complained to the
an

fa
fa

Headmaster against me. The house that broke down caused heavy damage to its owner. Since my ankles were weak, I was slow in
f

Ir
Ir
Ir

learning to walk. It was reported that he lost the book. The answer that he gave was not true. The crime the officer made cannot be
overlooked. Though the boy has many brothers and sisters, he seems to be lonely. The problem was so difficult that it could not be
solved. Unless you speak the truth, I shall fire you. If you do not walk fast, you will miss the train. Farmers manure their lands so that
they can grow good crops. It is probable that he will come. He called you for an explanation because you were irregular. As soon as
the rain stopped, we started for the college. Though he is rich, he has no peace of mind. I am sure that he has done the work. When the
door opened, Kamal stepped in.

They bought a house that was costly. He cannot buy things which are expensive. The boy who works hard can shine in life. Since the
boy worked hard, he shone in life. As the shirt is costly, I cannot buy it. He declared that he was innocent. I was admitted to school
when I was five. He acted as a wise man does. I told him that he should be brief. It is not known when he will arrive. You came here
when you were only four. I have no money that I can spare. I admit that he is a great poet. If you read more, you will know more. A
man who is drowning catches at a straw. We eat so that we may live. I am sure that he will succeed. Makka is the place where the holy
prophet was born. I shall pay now for what you have done. I know what his intention is. That he is honest is known to all. I knew what
they cost. Tell me what the truth is. We know where Nazrul Islam was born. As soon as he went there, he received the news. The boy
confessed that he was guilty. The house which I live in at present is comfortable. Only the boys who work hard shine in life. I am the
last man who will go there. He has no friend that can help him. A friend who is true stands by his friend in time of need. He woke up
when it was raining. 50. The girls were delighted when they saw the fine flowers. I heard what he said. They saw a ship that was
coming to them. The woman who is reported is a spy. If you take exercise regularly, you can be healthy. As he saw the tiger, he ran
away in fear. He is so weak that he cannot speak a single word. 58. When a teacher is absent, students generally make a noise. There is
no doubt that he is an honest man. He confessed the crime he had committed. They worked till the sun set. He had arrived at home
when we left for Dhaka. When the boys saw the snake, they killed it.

Though they played well, they could not win the game. As the sky was overcast with clouds, the flight was cancelled. When it was
dead of night, he woke up. When the sun was shining hot, they stopped playing. Though he has much money, he leads a very simple
life. Though she had beauty, she was not proud at all. Since the boy spoke the truth, he was rewarded. Since he got scholarship,
everyone spoke high of him. When it is spring, flowers bloom in plenty. When it was morning, it was raining heavily. When I was
eating, the phone rang. He read more so that he could make a good result. The water was so salty that we could not drink it. He learns
English so that he can get a good job. The boy who is walking on the street was hit by a bus. He called the man who was walking
along the street. I know the man who was driving the car.

Turn the following simple sentences into compound and complex

Getting the question paper, the students started writing. Seeing a snake, Mina cried out with fear. In spite of being a popular leader, he
n
an
n

was not elected. He is too dull to understand a simple matter. The salesman is too clever to be deceived. The load is too heavy to be
a
a

hm
hm
hm

lifted. We hired a bus and started our journey to visit Sonargaon. He made a vegetable garden to save money. He is too dishonest to
Ra
Ra
Ra

speak the truth. Besides giving him money, we gave him shelter. By reciting the poem again and again, you can memorize it. Without
observing the rules of health, we cannot enjoy good health. Because of his merit, he was awarded the first prize. Having forgotten him,
r
r
r

I went outside the cabin. The sun having set, we returned home. Despite hard labour, he failed. We work hard to prosper. In spite of his
nu
nu
nu

poverty, he is honest. In spite of his laziness he did well in the examination. He could not join the picnic for his illness.
fa
fa
fa

Ir
Ir
Ir
 f
f
f

Ir
Ir
Ir
Transformation (Simple-Complex-Compound)
He kept the promise made by him. The new building drew my attention. Closing the door, I went back to sleep. Besides giving him
money, I gave him good advice. There was a grassy land. Standing near the graves, we bow down our heads with respect. He made a
common mistake. I solved a hard question. In spite of his old age, he maintains a good health. We helped the poor man. He was
pardoned for his under age. He is tall and strong. I know your mistake. He could not go to college on account of his illness. He ran
away to escape arrest. The girl, being poor, could not buy a good dress. The water being very cold, I could not drink it. You hurt him
by uttering a rough word. They could not drink the salty sea water. Finishing the work, we went to the play ground. Taking up his
basket, the porter followed the girl. Twenty years ago, I was living in Khulna. On hearing the news of my success, all my friends
congratulated me. In case of your failure to pay the installment you will be fined. Turning to the left he found the bank. The lunch
being over, we left the hotel. Besides punishing the thief, they sent him to jail.

In spite of driving fast, they could not reach Khulna in time. In spite being a fool, the man is liked by all. In spite of having much
riches, he is very simple. Because of heavy fog, they cancelled their programme. At night we went to the fair. The needy people were
given relief. I know the shepherd grazing the cattle. Many rivers are dying because of pollution. Because of his poverty he could not
continue his study. In spite of telling lies, the thief was spared. The teacher went abroad to carry on higher study. He took shelter under
a tree to save himself from storin. The tea is too hot to drink. The false news astonished him. We solved the difficult problem. The man
is too clever to be believed. I dislike him for his laziness. I read them for pleasure. He could not continue his study for poverty. Twenty
years ago, I was living in Khulna. I was admitted to school at the age of five. Running fast, the boy got the first prize. Taking exercise
regularly, he built a good health. He is too weak to move. We read to learn. I saw a bird flying in the sky. The farmers sow good seeds
to get good crops. In spite of his working hard, he could not reach his goal. They were rewarded for their industry. Truly agriculture is
the backbone of our economy. Everybody wishes to be happy. The question was too tough for the students to answer. They walked too
slowly to catch the bus. She hoped to win the first prize. Health is wealth. Unity is strength. I was there in autumn. Certainly she has
got a scholarship. A dishonest boy suffers in life. The load being very heavy, he cannot carry it. The sun having set, we reached home.
Knowledge is power The sun having risen, the fog dispersed. Tell me the truth. Put down your name. His failure is almost certain. You
came here only at four. Finding the door unlocked, the thief entered the house. You can Despite hard work the poor cannot change
their lots. I know his residence. Undoubtedly smoking causes cancer. Standing by the window, the girl looked out. Entering the
classroom, the teacher found the boys gossipping. The accident took place in the evening. I am sure of passing the examination with
credit. Unexpectedly I met him in the college carnpus. The cars made in Japan run well. I do not know his name. Surely he will join
the party. Students desiring to go abroad are to complete IELTS. I think him to be honest.

Exercise Turn the following compound sentences into complex and simple.

an
n
an

hm
hm
hm

Drink milk and you will get vitamin. The criminal was repentant and he was pardoned. The man has lost all his teeth and as a result he

Ra
Ra
Ra

cannot eat so. Attend the college regularly and you will get better education. The girl wanted to get the best prize and for this she
worked. You helped me; otherwise I would have been ruined. He worked hard but failed. All the boys should pass the examination and

r
r
ur

we hope it. There was water everywhere around them but they had not a drop to drink. He left the country but the reason was
nu
nu
an

mysterious. Do and die. Speak the truth and I will let you go. Follow my example and you will feel better. Their throats were very dry
fa
fa

and they could not speak. I paid the bill and I had no money in my pocket. Do or die. There were many students and they all shouted.
f

Ir
Ir
Ir

The man saw the tiger and went away. The doctor did his best for the patient but could not save him. He is about eighty; yet he moves
freely. Drive carefully or there may be accident. Spare the rod and spoil the child. Smoking causes cancer and this is well known. The
door was opened and he stepped in. Our teachers love us and we respect them. He spoke very fast and we could not follow him. Do as
I suggest you or you will suffer. I asked him some questions and he could not answer them. Many women were present there and all of
them wept to hear the news. He had vast knowledge and therefore he was made chairman. Speak the truth and I will let you go. Waste
not, want not. Walk fast or you cannot get the train. A boy stole my watch and I could recognise him. He is honest and it is a fact. He
behaved rough; yet he was pardoned. Hold your tongue or I will turn you out from the class room. Man is mortal and it is true. He had
finished the work and took rest. It disturbed me but I did not know the reason. He did his best, still he could not come out successful.

The thirsty man drank water and quenched his thirst. The boy got up early in the morning and took exercise. He spoke the truth but he
was sent to jail. The patient was given vaccine but did not get well. Be diligent and you can change your fortune. Adopt the right path
and you can win others’ respect. Be rich or you cannot buy a car. A street child collect trash and sells it to a vendor. The work was
difficult but I enjoyed it. The box was very heavy but he could carry it easily. The cooked roasted a duck and ate one of the drumsticks.
The man was very clever but could not befool him. The Buriganga is very important for Dhaka City but it is dying. The student listened
to his teachers’ advice and succeeded in life. People throw wastes into the rivers and pollute them. Work hard or you will drag a miserable
life. Work hard and you can see better days in life. The man gets a small salary but maintains a big family. Write more or you cannot
write fast. He wants to enjoy a good health and so he takes exercise regularly. He was diligent and therefore he succeeded. Rahim has
no spare time and so he cannot go out. He is healthy but he does not work at all. The culprit ran away and escaped himself. He took the
purse and ran away. He had all the qualifications but he did not get a job. I had forgotten him and went outside the cabin. We saw his
strength and we were astonished. The sun rose and the fog dispersed. Work hard and you will prosper. I called you but you did not
respond. The police helped him in time otherwise he would have been robbed. Walk fast or you cannot get the train. Work hard or you
cannot reach your goal. The student was disobedient and so he was given TC. Not only I but also my friends believe in his honesty.
Speak the truth and I shall pardon you. He behaved rough but he was not punished. He was born at a beautiful place and we had seen it.
The sun had set and we went home. The farmers worked day and night but they could not grow a good harvest. He made several efforts
yet he failed. The man was rich yet he wanted more. The matter was easy and I understood it. They not only rebuked him but also beat
him. Write much or you cannot write well. We must eat a balanced diet or we will not enjoy good health.
n
an
n

a
a

hm
hm
hm

Ra
Ra
Ra

r
r
r

nu
nu
nu

fa
fa
fa

Ir
Ir
Ir
 f
f
f

Ir
Ir
Ir
Transformation (Simple-Complex-Compound)
Transform the following complex sentences into simple and compound sentences.

(a) After the rain stopped, the children went out to play.
(b) Since I forgot my umbrella, I got drenched in the rain.
(c) As soon as the sun sets, the night sky becomes filled with stars.
(d) The cat hid under the bed because it was scared of the thunderstorm.
(e) The chef, who trained in France, prepares exquisite dishes at our restaurant.
(f) If you don't water the plants, they will wither and die.
(g) Although I'm exhausted, I still have a lot of work to do.
(h) In the event of a power outage, the backup generator will automatically start.
(i) The book, which I bought yesterday, is already on the bestseller list.
(j) When the music stopped, everyone applauded loudly.
(k) After the long flight, they finally arrived at their destination.
(l) Since you're feeling unwell, you should see a doctor.
(m) As soon as the news broke, people gathered outside the courthouse.
(n) The movie, which I watched last night, was quite entertaining.
(o) If you want to succeed, you need to work hard.
(p) Although it's raining, I still want to go for a walk.
(q) In the event of an emergency, please use the nearest exit.
(r) The cake, which my mom baked, is delicious.
(s) When the alarm goes off, it's time to wake up.
(t) After the party ended, we helped clean up the mess.
(u) Since he was the tallest, he reached the top shelf easily.
(v) As soon as the sun rises, the birds start singing.
(w) The company, where I work, is known for its innovation.
(x) If you study regularly, you'll do well on the exam.
(y) Although she was tired, she stayed up to finish her project.
(z) In the event of a fire, use the fire extinguisher.
(aa) The museum, which we visited last week, had amazing artwork.

an
n
an

(bb) When the teacher arrived, the students settled down in their seats.
a

hm
hm
hm

(cc) After the concert, we waited to meet the band.

(dd) Since it's a holiday, we can sleep in.

Ra
Ra
Ra

(ee) As soon as the baby woke up, it started crying.

r
(ff) The computer, where I store my files, crashed.
r
ur

nu
nu

(gg) If you practice playing the piano, you'll improve your skills.
an

fa
fa

(hh) Although he's shy, he gave a great speech.

f

(ii) In the event of bad weather, the event will be moved indoors.
Ir
Ir
Ir

(jj) The car, which I just bought, is fuel-efficient.

(kk) When the timer goes off, the food will be ready.
(ll) After the long hike, we reached the summit.
(mm)Since I forgot my phone at home, I couldn't call for help.
(nn) As soon as the news spread, people began to panic.
(oo) The restaurant, where we had dinner, had a lovely atmosphere.
(pp) If you don't lock the door, anyone can enter.
(qq) Although it's late, we can still catch the last train.
(rr) In the event of a tie, there will be a sudden-death round.
(ss) The project, which we completed yesterday, was a team effort.
(tt) When the baby laughs, it brightens everyone's day.
(uu) After the long winter, spring finally arrived.
(vv) Since you're here, let's have a chat.
(ww) As soon as the clock strikes midnight, the fireworks will begin.
(xx) The cat, which we adopted from the shelter, is very friendly.

1. Transform the following compound sentences into simple and complex sentences.
(a) She loves to read novels, but she also enjoys watching movies.
(b) I have a lot of work to do, so I won't be able to attend the party.
(c) The concert was sold out, so we couldn't get tickets.
(d) He wanted to go to the beach, yet she preferred the mountains.
(e) The cat was sleeping peacefully, and the dog was playing in the yard.
(f) She is both a talented musician and a skilled painter.
(g) We can either go to the museum or visit the botanical garden.
(h) He neither called nor sent an email to explain his absence.
(i) The cake was delicious, so I had a second slice.
(j) He is always late for meetings, but he is very knowledgeable.
(k) They went shopping for clothes, and then they went out for dinner.
(l) She was feeling exhausted; nevertheless, she completed the marathon.
n

(m) He enjoys hiking in the summer, and he loves skiing in the winter.
an
n

a
a

(n) The weather is beautiful today, so we should go for a picnic.

hm
hm
hm

(o) She not only sings beautifully but also plays the guitar exceptionally well.
Ra
Ra
Ra

(p) The traffic was heavy, yet I managed to reach the airport on time.
(q) I'll cook dinner tonight, or we can order takeout if you prefer.
r
r
r

nu
nu
nu

(r) They had a heated argument, but they eventually made up.
(s) She is fluent in Spanish, and she's learning French as well.
fa
fa
fa

Ir
Ir
Ir
 f
f
f

Ir
Ir
Ir
Transformation (Simple-Complex-Compound)
(t) He wanted to go scuba diving, so he got certified last summer.
(u) The restaurant was crowded, and the service was slow.
(v) We can visit the art museum, or we can explore the historical sites.
(w) The presentation was informative, yet it lacked visual appeal.
(x) I'm not a morning person, but I wake up early for work.
(y) She not only studies hard but also participates in extracurricular activities.
(z) They bought a new car, and they also renovated their house.
(aa) The movie was long, and the plot was confusing.
(bb) We can either go for a hike or relax at home this weekend.
(cc) He was tired, so he took a nap, and then he went for a run.
(dd) She loves chocolate, and she can't resist ice cream.
(ee) He plays soccer on weekends, and he practices basketball during the week.
(ff) The book was interesting, yet the ending was disappointing.
(gg) They have been friends for years, and they always support each other.
(hh) I'll meet you at the park, or we can meet at the coffee shop.
(ii) He was feeling sick, but he still went to work.
(jj) She not only enjoys gardening but also loves cooking.
(kk) They visited Paris last summer, and they plan to visit London this year.
(ll) The test was challenging, but they all passed.
(mm) We can either take a taxi or walk to the restaurant.
(nn) He is studying engineering, and he also has a part-time job.
(oo) She was exhausted from the hike, yet she felt accomplished.
(pp) He neither understood the instructions nor asked for clarification.
(qq) The party was fun, but it went on too late.
(rr) We can go swimming in the morning, or we can go biking in the afternoon.
(ss) She loves to travel, and she has been to over 20 countries.
(tt) He enjoys painting, and he is also skilled in pottery.
(uu) The restaurant had excellent food, yet the service was slow.
(vv) I'll finish the report today, or I'll work on it tomorrow.

an
n
an

(ww) They had a disagreement, but they eventually reached a compromise.

hm
hm
hm

(xx) She not only works full-time but also volunteers on weekends.

Ra
Ra
Ra

2. Transform the following simple sentences into complex and compound sentences.
(a)

r
r
ur

nu
nu
an

fa
fa
f

Ir
Ir
Ir

n
an
n

a
a

hm
hm
hm

Ra
Ra
Ra

r
r
r

nu
nu
nu

fa
fa
fa

Ir
Ir
Ir
Ir Ir Ir
fa fa f
nu nu
r r
Ra Ra
hm hm
an an

Direct
Ir Ir Ir
fa fa f
nu nu
r r
Ra Ra

→
hm hm
an an
Indirect

Ir Ir Ir
fa fa f
nu n
r ur
Ra Ra
hm hm
an an
Ir Ir Ir
fa fa f
nu nu
r r
Ra Ra
hm hm
an an

Ir Ir Ir
fa fa f
nu nu
r r
Ra Ra
hm hm
an an

Ir Ir Ir
fa fa f
nu n
r ur
Ra Ra
hm hm
an an
Ir Ir Ir
fa fa f
nu nu
r r
Ra Ra
hm hm
an an

Ir Ir Ir
fa fa f
nu nu
r r
Ra Ra
hm hm
an an

Ir Ir Ir
fa fa f
nu n
r ur
Ra Ra
hm hm
an an
Ir Ir Ir
fa fa f
nu nu
r r
Ra Ra
hm hm
an an

Ir Ir Ir
fa fa f
nu nu
r r
Ra Ra
hm hm
an an

Ir Ir Ir
fa fa f
nu n
r ur
Ra Ra
hm hm
an an
 f
f
f

Ir
Ir
Ir

Exercise

1. “Will you buy my hair?” asked Della. “I buy hair,” said Madam. “Take your hat off and let us have a sight at the
looks of it. Twenty dollars,” said Madam. “Give it to me quick,” said Della.

an
an
an

Answer: Della asked Madam if she would buy her hair. Madam replied that she bought hair. Then Madam told

hm
hm
hm

her to take her hat off and suggested that they should have a sight at the looks of it. Madam proposed/wished

Ra
Ra
Ra

to give twenty dollars. Della requested her (Madam) to give it to her quickly.
2. Suddenly a voice called out, ‘Good morning, gentlemen. Where are you going and what are you doing here?’ ‘Oh,

ur
r
r

nu
nu

nowhere and nothing.’ ‘But you look so pensive, why?’ ‘Yes, you are right. We are looking for something,’ replied

n
fa
fa
fa

the six blind men. ‘Who are you, sir?’

3. ‘Follow my example,’ she said when we shook hands, ‘and never eat more than one thing for luncheon.’ ‘I’ll do
Ir
Ir
Ir

better than that,’ I retorted, ‘I’ll eat nothing for dinner tonight.’ ‘Humorist!’ she cried gaily, jumping into a cab.
Answer: As we shook hands she advised me to follow her example and not to eat more than one thing for
luncheon. I retorted that I would do better than that. I also added that I would eat nothing at dinner that night.
Then jumping into a cab she cried gaily and said that I was a humorist.
4. ‘You have cut off your hair?’ asked Jim. ‘Cut it off and sold it,’ said Della. ‘Don’t you like me just as well anyhow?
I’m me, without my hair, ain’t I?’
5. "Oh! Don't cut my throat, sir," I pleaded in terror. "Pray don't do it, sir."
"Tell us your name!" said the man. "Quick!"
"Pip, sir."
"Once more," said the man, staring at me. "Give it mouth!"
"Pip. Pip, sir."
"Show us where you live," said the man. "Pint out the place!"
6. "Certainly, observe here!" said the man. "Where's your mother?"
"There, sir!" said I.
He started, made a short run, and stopped and looked over his shoulder.
"There, sir!" I timidly explained. "Also, Georgiana. That's my mother."
"Oh!" said he, coming back. "And is that your father along with your mother?"
"Yes, sir," said I; "him too; late of this parish."

7. "Ha!" he muttered then, considering. "Who do you live with, —assuming you're
kindly let to live, which I haven't made up my mind about?"
"My sister, sir, —Mrs. Joe Gargery, —wife of Joe Gargery, the blacksmith, sir."
an
n
an

"Blacksmith, eh?" said he. And looked down at his leg.

a

hm
hm
hm

8. “I suppose we are in the danger,” said Miss Mebbin. “Nonsense,” said Mrs. Packletide. “It is a very old tiger. It
Ra
Ra
Ra

could not spring up here even if it wanted to.” “If it’s an old tiger, I think you ought to get it cheaper. A thousand
taka is a lot of money.”
r
r
r

nu
nu
nu

fa
fa
fa

Ir
Ir
Ir
 f
f
f

Ir
Ir
Ir
9. One day Hazrat Omar (R) became shocked to see the sufferings of a woman and said, “Where do you live?” The
woman said, “I live in a poor hut south end to the town. I am hungry but there is no food in my house. Will you
give me something to eat?” Hazrat Omar (R) said, “Go back home. I am coming with food and money for you.”
The woman looked at him with gratitude and said, “Thank you.”
10. “Hello Marium! You look very hot and tired,” said Nafisa. “I was stuck in the traffic jam for one hour,” said Marium.
“Sit down. What would you like to drink?” said Nafisa. “I’d love really chilled mineral water or something like
that,” said Marium.
11. The stranger said to the boy, “Will you tell me the way to the nearest hotel?” “Yes, I will. Do you want a residential
one in which you can spend the night?” the boy said. “I do not want to stay here. But I only want a meal,” the
stranger replied. The boy said,”Follow me.”
12. “O King!” she cried. “Please do not kill me. I did not know that you were the king. I am very sorry.” The king said,
“Do not be sad. You are a good woman. I won’t kill you.”
13. “Have you done your homework?” The mother said to the daughter. “No, I have forgotten,” said the daughter.
“That is very bad. You must be more careful about your homework. By doing so, you can’t expect to do well in
your studies,” said the mother.
14. “Oh, my Lord, please do not kill the child,” said the woman. “Let her have him.” The king said, “Now everything
is clear to me.” Pointing to the woman, he said to the servant, “Give her the child. She is the mother of the child.”
15. “Have you ever been to the Taj Mahal in Agra?” “No, I’ve never gone there.” Bakul said to Arup, “If you visited
the wonder, you could gain practical knowledge. It is both an interesting and important place.” “How nice the
place is!” said Arup referring to Sorwar.
16. One day Hazrat Omar (R) became shocked to see the sufferings of a woman and said, “Where do you live?” The

an
an
an

woman said, “I live in a poor but south end to this town. I’m hungry but there is no food in my house. Will you
give me something to eat?” Hazrat Omar (R) said, “Go back home. I’m coming with food and money for you.”

hm
hm
hm

17. The teacher said to the boy, “Why did you make a noise in the class? You are not attentive to your lessons”.

Ra
Ra
Ra

“Sorry, Sir,” said the boy. “I was asking for a pen to my friend”. The teacher said, “Be attentive and listen to me

ur
r
r

carefully.”
nu
nu

18. The beggar said, “Will you give me some food? I have been without food for two days.” The housewife said, “Why

n
fa
fa
fa

don’t you work? You can earn your own food.” “Oh my God”, said the beggar. “I am disabled. I can’t work.”
Ir
Ir
Ir

19. She said, “What is your name?” “Roger,” answered the boy. “Then, Roger, you go to that sink and wash your
face,” said the woman. “Are you going to take me to jail?” asked the boy, bending over the sink. “All I wanted a
pair of blue shoes.” “You didn’t have to snatch my purse to get some shoes,” said Mrs. Washington Jones. “You
could have asked me.”
20. The young man said, “I can’t stay any longer. The king had sent me to do a very important work.” “Friend, tell me
what your important work is. I can also help you,” the man requested.
21. “What is your opt occupation?” asked the king. “I do not work at all”, said the stranger, “I wander about God’s
kingdom and wherever. He places me, there I remain for the day”. Seeing the stranger’s trust in God, the king felt
kindly towards him and said, “Will you come and live in my palace?” The stranger asked, “What I shall do there!”
“You’ll water my trees and flower and in exchange you will get food and clothing,” said the king.
22. The preacher said to his followers, “Have faith in God and do the right. May God shower his blessings on you! Do
you know that I can manage the pampered and spoilt children well? “
23. The interviewer said to the candidate, “I offer you two options for giving your reply. You can choose either three
easy questions or one very difficult question. Will you like to avail the offer? If yes, which option do you want to
use? “
24. ‘Excuse me, I want to know about reference books of the library,’ said the student. ‘In one part of the library you
can go to read books but you can’t take them out of the building’ said the librarian. ‘What do you call that section
of the library?’ said the student. ‘Closed Reserve,’ said the librarian.
25. ‘You look a little bit like my mother,’ he said ‘especially in the dark by the fire.’ ‘But you were only four Jerry, when
you came here. You have remembered how she looked all these years?’ ‘My mother lives in Mannville,’ he said.

Answer: Jerry told the listener that she looked a little bit like his mother especially in the dark by the fire. With
disappointment, she told that he had been only four when he had gone there. Being surprised, she asked if he had
an
n
an

remembered how she had looked all those years. He said that his mother lived in Mannville.
hm
hm
hm

Ra
Ra
Ra

26. “Great king of the genies,” called the monster. “I will never disobey you.” Hearing those words, the fisherman
became very brave and said, “Tell me why you were locked up in the vase?” The giant angrily looked at the
r
r
r

nu
nu
nu

fisherman and said, “Speak to me politely or I shall kill you.” “Why should you kill me?” asked the fisherman.
fa
fa
fa

Ir
Ir
Ir
 f
f
f

Ir
Ir
Ir
Answer: The monster called the great king of the genies and said that he would never again disobey him (G). Hearing
those words, the fishermen became brave and told the monster to tell him (f) why he (M) had been locked up in the
vase. Then the giant angrily looked at him and told the fishermen to speak to him (M) more politely, otherwise he (M)
would kill him (F). The fisherman asked why he would kill him.

27. “My sons, listen to me. A great treasure lies hidden in the land. I am going to leave it to you.” “How’ll we find
it?” said the sons. “You must dig the land for it,” said the old man.

Answer: The old man told his sons to listen to him that a great treasure lied hidden in the land. He added that he was
going to leave that to them. The sons wanted to know how they would find it. The old man replied that they must dig
the land for it.

28. “Have you killed the rates?” said the Mayor. “Yes, I have, said the piper. “Give me the promised money.” “How
funny!” said the Mayor, ‘We cannot give you so much money. Take only fifty.’

Answer: The Mayor asked the piper if he (p) had killed the rates. The Piper replied in the affirmative that he had. Then
he (P) told the Mayor to give him (P) the promised money. The Mayor exclaimed in wonder that it was very funny. He
added that they could not give him (P) so much money and told him to take only fifty.

29. ‘Have you seen your mother, Jerry?’ ‘I see her every summer. She sends for me.’ I wanted to cry out. ‘Why are
you not with her? How can she let you go away again?’ He said, ‘She comes up here from Mannville whenever

an
an
an

she can. She does not have a job now.’

hm
hm
hm

Answer: I asked Jerry if he had seen his mother. Jerry replied that he saw her every summer and added that she sent

Ra
Ra
Ra

for him. I had wanted to cry out and asked why he was you not with her and also asked how she could let him go away

ur
r
r

again. He said that she went up there from Manville whenever she could and added that she did not have a job then.
nu
nu

n
fa
fa
fa

30. “Jim darling,” cried Della. “Don’t look at me this way. I had my hair cut off and sold it because I could not have
Ir
Ir
Ir

lived through Christmas without giving you a present. I just had to do it, say Merry Christmas, Jim and let’s be
happy.”

Answer: Addressing Jim as darling Della cried and forbade him to look at her that way. Then she said that she had her
hair cut off and sold that because she could not have lived through Christmas without giving him a present. She also
said that she just had to do that and told Jim to say Merry Christmas and proposed that they should be happy.

31. “Where are you going?” said the merchant. “I was coming to see you.” “What do you want?” “To earn my bread
by the labor of my hands.” “Do you really work?” said the merchant. “Yes, if you have any”. Then follow me and
carry a box from a shop to my house.” “I do not see how I can do that,” said the youth.

Answer: The Merchant asked the youth where he(y) was going. The youth replied that he (y) had been coming to see
him (m). Again the merchant asked him (y) what he wanted. The youth said that he(y) wanted to earn his (y) bread by
the labour of his (y) hands. The merchant again asked the boy if he (Y) really wanted to work. The youth replied in the
affirmative that if he (M) had any. Then the merchantordered the youth to follow him (M) and to carry a box from a
ship to his (m) house. The youth said that he (Y) did not see how he (Y) could do that.

32. “I’ll pay for it.” he said. “I broke it. I brought the axe down careless.” “But no one hits accurately every time. Jerry,
Moreover, the fault was in the wood of the handle. I”ll see the man whom I have bought it from,” I told him.

Answer: He said that he would pay for it. He further said that he had broken it and had brought the axe down careless.
I told him that no one hit accurately every time and added that the fault had been in the wood of the handle. I again
told him that I would see the man from whom I had bought it.
an
n
an

hm
hm
hm

Ra
Ra
Ra

r
r
r

nu
nu
nu

fa
fa
fa

Ir
Ir
Ir