Transformation of Sentences

Affirmative থথকে Negative েরার ঴঵জ ননয়ম

1. Only / Alone → None but
যনদ only বা alone োউকে (মানু ঳ বা আল্লা঵) ননকদেল েকর, তা঵ক঱ বাকেের শুরুকত None but ব঴াকত ঵কব।
Affir: Only Allah can help us.
Neg: None but Allah can help us.
Affir: Only he can do the work.
Neg: None but he can do the work.

2. Only / Alone → Nothing but

যনদ only বা alone থোকনা বস্তু (নজনন঴) থবাঝায়, তা঵ক঱
তার জায়গায় nothing but ব঴াকত ঵কব।
Affir: A child likes only sweets.
Neg: A child likes nothing but sweets.

3. Only (঴ংখ্ো থবাঝাক঱)

যনদ only থোকনা ঴ংখ্ো থবাঝায়, তা঵ক঱ তার জায়গায় not more than ব঴াকত ঵কব।
Affir: He is only ten.
Neg: He is not more than ten.
Affir: Karim was only twenty two.
Neg: Karim was not more than twenty two
4. Must → Cannot but / Cannot help
Affirmative বাকেে must থােক঱ Negative েরার ঴ময় must-এর বদক঱ cannot but অথবা cannot
help + verb+ing বেব঵ার েরকত ঵য়।
Affir: You must obey your parents.
Neg: You cannot help obeying your parents.
অথবা, You cannot but obey your parents.

5. Both ... and → Not only ... but also

যনদ বাকেে Both ... and বা শুধু and থাকে, তা঵ক঱ Negative েরার ঴ময় Not only ... but also বেব঵ার
েরকত ঵য়।
Affir: Both Rajib and Adeeb were good friends.
Neg: Not only Rajib but also Adeeb were good friends.
Affir: He took coffee and ice-cream.
Neg: He took not only coffee but also ice-cream.

6. Every → There is no ... but / No ...

ননয়ম ১:
Every → There is no + every-এর ঩করর লব্দ + but +
বানের অংল
উদা঵রণ:
Affir: Everyone hates a liar.
Neg: There is no one but hates a liar.
ননয়ম ২:
There is no ... who does not + বানের অংল
Affir: Every mother loves her child.
Neg: There is no mother who does not love her child.
ননয়ম ৩:
Every → No এবং মূ ঱ verb-এর নব঩রীত লব্দ ব঴াকত ঵কব।
Affir: Every mother loves her child.
Neg: No mother hates her child.
7. As soon as → No sooner ... than
Structure: No sooner had + subject + verb (Past Participle) + বানের অংল + than + নিতীয় বােে
Affir: As soon as the thief saw the police, he ran away.
Neg: No sooner had the thief seen the police than he ran away.

8. Superlative → No other ... so ... as

Structure: No other + (superlative এর ঩করর অংল) + verb + so + (positive form) + as +
subject.
Affir: He is the best boy in the class.
Neg: No other boy in the class is so good as he.

9. Affirmative word → Negative word

মূ ঱ affirmative লকব্দর নব঩রীত বন঴কয় তার আকগ not নদকত ঵কব।
Affir: I shall remember you.
Neg: I shall not forget you.
Affir: He is a good player.
Neg: He is not a bad player.
Affir: This was an extraordinary ship.
Neg: This was not an ordinary ship.

10. Always → Never + নব঩রীত লব্দ

Affir: I always agreed with him.
Neg: I never disagreed with him.
Affir: Rahim was always punctual.
Neg: Rahim was never late.

11. Too ... to → So ... that ... cannot / could not

Structure: subject + verb + so + adjective/adverb + that + subject + cannot/could not +
বানের অংল
Affir: He is too weak to go.
Neg: He is so weak that he cannot go.
Affir: Parveen was too poor to buy a chain.
Neg: Parveen was so poor that she could not buy a chain.

12. As ... as → Not less ... than

Affir: He is as wise as you.
Neg: He is not less wise than you.

13. নিরন্তন অথেকবাধে affirmative sentence থে ননকির ননয়কম negative েরকত ঵য়:
Structure: (helping verb) + n't + বানের অংল + ?
যনদ helping verb না থাকে → Do/Does + not → বানের অংল

Affir: Health is wealth.

Neg: Isn't health wealth?
Affir: The sun sets in the west.
Neg: Doesn't the sun set in the west?

14. Sometimes → Not always

Structure: বাকেে sometimes থােক঱ তার জায়গায় always বক঴ এবং তার আকগ not বক঴।
Affir: My friend sometimes visits me.
Neg: My friend does not always visit me.

15. Many → Not a few

Affir: There are many students in the class.
Neg: There are not a few students in the class.
16. A few → Not many
Affir: I have a few friends.
Neg: I have not many friends.

17. A little → Not much

Affir: I have a little rice.
Neg: I have not much rice.

18. Much → Not a little

Affir: He has much money.
Neg: He has not a little money.

Assertive → Interrogative
1. Affirmative Assertive → Interrogative (Negative থযাগ েকর)
যনদ বাকেে helping verb (is, am, are, was, were, can, shall, will ইতোনদ) থাকে, তা঵ক঱
helping verb এর ঩কর n't বন঴কয়, Subject বন঴কয়, বানের অংল ন঱কখ্ থলক঳ প্রশ্নকবাধে নিহ্ন নদকত ঵কব।
Asser: He is absent from the meeting.
Int: Isn't he absent from the meeting?
Asser: We can do the work.
Int: Can't we do the work?

2. Negative Assertive → Interrogative (Negative বাদ নদকয়)

যনদ বােে negative ঵য়, তা঵ক঱ not ঴নরকয় নদকয় helping verb বাকেের শুরুকত ব঴াকত ঵কব।
Asser: He is not a good student.
Int: Is he a good student?
Asser: I shall not go to college tomorrow.
Int: Shall I go to college tomorrow?

3. Helping verb ছাড়া Present Indefinite

প্রথকম Don't (plural বা I/you/we/they এর জনে) বা Doesn't (singular he/she/it এর জনে) বন঴কয়
Subject, verb-এর base form, বানের অংল, তার঩র প্রশ্নকবাধে নিহ্ন ব঴াকত ঵কব।
Asser: He plays football.
Int: Doesn't he play football?
Asser: They play football.
Int: Don't they play football?

4. Helping verb ছাড়া Past Indefinite

প্রথকম Didn't বন঴কয় Subject, verb-এর base form, বানের অংল, তার঩র প্রশ্নকবাধে নিহ্ন ব঴াকত ঵কব।
Asser: Karim liked the late spring.
Int: Didn't Karim like the late spring?
থনাট: যনদ বাকেে do not / does not / did not থাকে, তা঵ক঱ Interrogative েরার ঴ময় not বাদ যায়।
Asser: He does not work hard.
Int: Does he work hard?
Asser: They did not play football yesterday.
Int: Did they play football yesterday?

5. Never → Ever, Nothing → Anything

Asser: I never drink tea.
Int: Do I ever drink tea?
Asser: There was nothing to do.
Int: Was there anything to do?

6. Everybody / Everyone / All

একদর জায়গায় Who বন঴কয়, তার঩র doesn't/didn't, verb-এর base form, বানের অংল ন঱কখ্ প্রশ্নকবাধে
নিহ্ন ব঴াকত ঵কব।
Asser: Everybody wishes to be happy.
Int: Who doesn't wish to be happy?
Asser: Everyone hates a liar.
Int: Who doesn't hate a liar?

7. Every + Noun
Is there any + noun + who doesn't + verb-এর base form + বানের অংল + ?
Asser: Every man hates war.
Int: Is there any man who doesn't hate war?
থনাট: যনদ must থাকে, তা঵ক঱ does not এর বদক঱ will not ব঴কব।
Asser: Every man must die.
Int: Is there any man who will not die?

8. Nobody / None / No one

একদর জায়গায় Who বন঴কয় বানের অংল ন঱খ্কত ঵কব, অথবা Anybody নদকয় প্রশ্ন েরা যাকব।
Asser: Nobody could ever count my love for you.
Int: Who could ever count my love for you?
Or, Could anybody ever count my love for you?

Assertive → Imperative

1. Affirmative বােেকে Imperative েরা

Structure: Verb-এর present form + বানের অংল
িাইক঱ শুরুকত বা থলক঳ please / kindly ব঴াকত ঩াকরা ভদ্রভাকব ব঱ার জনে।

You should do the work. → Do the work.

You speak the truth. → Speak the truth.
You read the book. → Read the book. বা Please, read the book.

2. Negative বােেকে Imperative েরা

Structure: Do not / Don't + verb-এর present form + বানের অংল
You do not go out. → Do not go out.
You should not go out. → Don't go out.
3. Never যু ক্ত বােে
Structure: Never + verb-এর present form + বানের অংল
You should never tell a lie. → Never tell a lie.

4. Subject যনদ First person (I, We) বা Third person (He, She, Name)
Structure: Let + subject-এর objective form + বানের অংল
(I → me, We → us, He → him, She → her, Name অ঩নরবনতেত থাকে)
He plays football. → Let him play football.
We should go out. → Let us go out.
She sings a song. → Let her sing a song.

5. First/Third person বাকেে যনদ not থাকে

Structure: Let + subject-এর objective form + not + বানের অংল
থনাট: subject যনদ noun ঵য় → not subject-এর আকগ বক঴।
subject যনদ pronoun ঵য় → not subject-এর ঩কর বক঴।
We do not hate the poor. → Let us not hate the poor.
Nabil does not tell a lie. → Let not Nabil tell a lie.

Exclamatory → Assertive
1. What/How যু ক্ত বােে
Structure: Subject + verb + (a/an) + very/great + adjective + বানের অংল।
What a fine bird it is! → It is a very fine bird.
What a fool he is! → He is a great fool.

2. Hurrah! যু ক্ত বােে

Structure: Hurrah → It is a matter of joy that + বানের অংল।
Hurrah! We have won the game. → It is a matter of joy that we have won the game.

3. Alas! যু ক্ত বােে

Structure: Alas → It is a matter of sorrow that + বানের অংল।
Alas! He has failed. → It is a matter of sorrow that he has failed.

4. If নদকয় শুরু ঵ক঱

Structure: Subject + wish + if-এর ঩করর অংল।
If I were a king! → I wish I were a king.

5. Had নদকয় শুরু ঵ক঱

Structure: Subject + wish + subject + had + বানের অংল।
Had I the wings of a bird! → I wish I had the wings of a bird.
Had I been a king! → I wish I had been a king.

6. Would that নদকয় শুরু ঵ক঱

Structure: Subject + wish + বানের অংল।
Would that I could be a child again! → I wish I could be a child again.

Assertive → Exclamatory
1. যনদ বাকেে আশ্চযে বা আনন্দ থবাঝায়, What বা How নদকয় শুরু েরা ঵য়।
Assertive: She is very beautiful.
Exclamatory: How beautiful she is!

2. যনদ দু ুঃখ্ বা অনু কলািনা থবাঝায়, Alas! বেব঵ার ঵য়।

Assertive: It is a sad news.
Exclamatory: Alas! It is a sad news.

3. যনদ আনন্দ বা শুভ োমনা থবাঝায়, Hurrah! বেব঵ার ঵য়।

Assertive: We have won the match.
Exclamatory: Hurrah! We have won the match.

4. যনদ ইচ্ছা বা প্রাথেনা থবাঝায়, May বেব঵ার ঵য়।

Assertive: You live long.
Exclamatory: May you live long!