Hardware

Documentation

D at a S h e e t

®
HAL 1821...HAL 1823
Linear Hall-Effect Sensor Family
in TO92UA Package

Edition Dec. 6, 2013

DSH000157_003EN
HAL1821...HAL1823 DATA SHEET

Copyright, Warranty, and Limitation of Liability Micronas Trademarks

– HAL
The information and data contained in this document
are believed to be accurate and reliable. The software
and proprietary information contained therein may be
Third-Party Trademarks
protected by copyright, patent, trademark and/or other
intellectual property rights of Micronas. All rights not
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expressly granted remain reserved by Micronas.
may be trademarks of their respective companies.
Micronas assumes no liability for errors and gives no
warranty representation or guarantee regarding the
suitability of its products for any particular purpose due
to these specifications.

By this publication, Micronas does not assume respon-

sibility for patent infringements or other rights of third
parties which may result from its use. Commercial con-
ditions, product availability and delivery are exclusively
subject to the respective order confirmation.

Any information and data which may be provided in the

document can and do vary in different applications,
and actual performance may vary over time.

All operating parameters must be validated for each

customer application by customers’ technical experts.
Any new issue of this document invalidates previous
issues. Micronas reserves the right to review this docu-
ment and to make changes to the document’s content
at any time without obligation to notify any person or
entity of such revision or changes. For further advice
please contact us directly.

Do not use our products in life-supporting systems,

military, aviation, or aerospace applications! Unless
explicitly agreed to otherwise in writing between the
parties, Micronas’ products are not designed, intended
or authorized for use as components in systems
intended for surgical implants into the body, or other
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any other application in which the failure of the product
could create a situation where personal injury or death
could occur.

No part of this publication may be reproduced, photo-

copied, stored on a retrieval system or transmitted
without the express written consent of Micronas.

2 Dec. 6, 2013; DSH000157_003EN Micronas

DATA SHEET HAL1821...HAL1823

Contents

Page Section Title

4 1. Introduction
4 1.1. Major Applications
4 1.2. Features
4 1.3. Family Overview

5 2. Ordering Information
5 2.1. Marking Code
5 2.2. Operating Junction Temperature Range (TJ)
5 2.3. Hall Sensor Package Codes

6 3. Functional Description
6 3.1. General Function

7 4. Specifications
7 4.1. Outline Dimensions
11 4.2. Solderability and Welding
11 4.3. Pin Connections and Short Descriptions
11 4.4. Dimensions of Sensitive Area
11 4.5. Position of Sensitive Areas
12 4.6. Absolute Maximum Ratings
13 4.6.1. Storage and Shelf Life
13 4.7. Recommended Operating Conditions
14 4.8. Characteristics
15 4.9. Magnetic Characteristics
16 4.9.1. Definition of Sensitivity Error ES

17 5. Application Notes
17 5.1. Ambient Temperature
17 5.2. EMC and ESD
17 5.3. Application Circuit

18 6. Data Sheet History

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HAL1821...HAL1823 DATA SHEET

Linear Hall-Effect Sensor Family in TO92UA pack- 1.2. Features

age
– ratiometric linear output proportional to the mag-
netic field
Release Note: Revision bars indicate significant
changes to the previous edition. – temperature and stress stable quiescent output volt-
age
– very accurate sensitivity and offset
1. Introduction
– customized versions possible
The HAL182x is a new family of linear Hall-effect sen-
sors. It is a universal magnetic field sensor with a ratio- – on-chip temperature compensation
metric, linear analog output. This sensor family can be – active offset compensation
used for magnetic field measurements, current mea-
surements and detection of mechanical movements. – operates from 40 °C up to 170 °C junction temper-
Very accurate angle measurements or distance mea- ature
surements can also be done. The sensors are very – operates from 4.5 V up to 5.5 V supply voltage in
robust and can be used in harsh environments. specification operates with static magnetic fields
and dynamic magnetic fields up to 2.25 kHz
The output voltage is proportional to the magnetic flux
density through the hall plate. The choppered offset – overvoltage and reverse-voltage protection
compensation leads to stable magnetic characteristics at VSUP pin
over supply voltage and temperature. – magnetic characteristics extremely robust against
mechanical stress
The different family members vary by sensitivity
(25 mV/mT, 31.25 mV/mT and 50 mV/mT). The quies- – short-circuit protected push-pull output
cent output voltage (offset) is for all family members – EMC and ESD optimized design
50% of supply voltage.

The sensor is designed for automotive and industrial 1.3. Family Overview
applications and operates in the junction temperature
range from –40 °C up to 170 °C. The HAL182x is avail-
able in the very small leaded packages TO92UA-1 and Type Offset Sensitivity see
TO92UA-2. Page

1821 50% of VSUP 50 mV/mT 15

1.1. Major Applications 1822 50% of VSUP 31.25 mV/mT 15
Due to the sensor’s robust characteristics, the 1823 50% of VSUP 25 mV/mT 15
HAL182x is the optimal system solution for applica-
tions such as:
– linear position measurements,
– angle sensors,
– distance measurements,
– magnetic field and current measurement.

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DATA SHEET HAL1821...HAL1823

2. Ordering Information

2.1. Marking Code

The HAL182x has a marking on the package surface

(branded side). This marking includes the name of the
sensor and the temperature range.

Type Temperature Range

HAL 1821 1821A

HAL 1822 1822A

HAL 1823 1823A

2.2. Operating Junction Temperature Range (TJ)

The Hall sensors from Micronas are specified to the

chip temperature (junction temperature TJ).
A: TJ = 40 °C to +170 °C

The relationship between ambient temperature (TA)

and junction temperature is explained in Section 5.1.
on page 17.

2.3. Hall Sensor Package Codes

HALXXXPA-T
Temperature Range: A
Package: UA for TO92UA-1/2
Type: 182x

Example: HAL1821UA-A

 Type: 1821
 Package: TO92UA-1/2
 Temperature Range: TJ = 40 C to +170 C

Hall sensors are available in a wide variety of packag-

ing versions and quantities. For more detailed informa-
tion, please refer to the brochure: “Hall Sensors:
Ordering Codes, Packaging, Handling”.

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HAL1821...HAL1823 DATA SHEET

3. Functional Description Output/Magnetic Field Polarity

3.1. General Function Applying a south-pole magnetic field perpendicular to

the branded side of the package will increase the out-
The HAL182x is a monolithic integrated circuit which put voltage from the quiescent (offset) voltage towards
provides an output voltage proportional to the mag- the supply voltage. A negative magnetic field will
netic flux through the Hall plate and proportional to the decrease the output voltage.
supply voltage (ratiometric behavior).
In addition HAL182x features an internal error detec-
The external magnetic field component perpendicular tion. The following error modes can be detected:
to the branded side of the package generates a Hall
– Over-/underflow in adder or multiplier
voltage. The Hall IC is sensitive to magnetic north and
south polarity. This voltage is amplified and stabilized – Over-/underflow in A/D converter
by a push-pull output transistor stage.
– Overtemperature detection
Internal temperature compensation circuitry and the
In case of an over-underflow error the sensors output
choppered offset compensation enables operation
will be forced to the lower error band. The error band is
over the full temperature range with minimal degrada-
defined by VDIAG (see Section 4.8. on page 14).
tion in accuracy and offset. The circuitry also rejects
offset shifts due to mechanical stress from the pack-
age. In addition, the sensor IC is equipped with In case of overtemperature detection, the output is set
devices for overvoltage and reverse-voltage protection to high impedance.
at supply pin.

VSUP

Internally
stabilized Temperature Protection
Supply and Dependent Oscillator Undervoltage Devices
Protection Bias Detection
Devices

Digital 50 
Switched A/D D/A Analog OUT
Signal
Hall Plate Converter Converter Output
Processing

Calibration Control
GND

Fig. 3–1: HAL182x block diagram

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DATA SHEET HAL1821...HAL1823

4. Specifications

4.1. Outline Dimensions

A2
A3
E1 Bd A4
Center of sensitive area
y

D1
F1

F2
F3

1 2 3
L1
L

e b c
4

physical dimensions do not include moldflash. 0 2.5 5 mm

solderability is guaranteed between end of pin and distance F1. scale
Sn-thickness might be reduced by mechanical handling.
A4, y= these dimensions are different for each sensor type and is specified in the data sheet.
min/max of D1 are specified in the datasheet.

UNIT A2 A3 b Bd c D1 e E1 F1 F2 F3 L L1 4

1.55 4.11 1.2 0.60 4.0 15.5 15.0

mm 0.7 0.42 0.2 0.36 3.05 2.54 45°
1.45 4.01 0.8 0.42 2.0 min min

JEDEC STANDARD
ISSUE DATE
ANSI DRAWING-NO. ZG-NO.
YY-MM-DD
ISSUE ITEM NO.

- - 09-06-09 06616.0001.4 ZG001016_Ver.06

Fig. 4–1:
TO92UA-1: Plastic Transistor Standard UA package, 3 leads, spread
Weight approximately 0.106 g

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HAL1821...HAL1823 DATA SHEET

A2
A3
E1 Bd A4
Center of sensitive area
y

D1
F1

1 2 3

F2
L

e b c
4

physical dimensions do not include moldflash. 0 2.5 5 mm

solderability is guaranteed between end of pin and distance F1. scale
Sn-thickness might be reduced by mechanical handling.

A4, y= these dimensions are different for each sensor type and is specified in the data sheet.
min/max of D1 are specified in the datasheet.

UNIT A2 A3 b Bd c D1 e E1 F1 F2 L 4

1.55 4.11 1.2 0.60 15.5

mm 0.7 0.42 0.2 0.36 3.05 1.27 45°
1.45 4.01 0.8 0.42 min

JEDEC STANDARD
ISSUE DATE
ANSI DRAWING-NO. ZG-NO.
YY-MM-DD
ISSUE ITEM NO.

- - 09-06-05 06612.0001.4 ZG001012_Ver.07

Fig. 4–2:
TO92UA-2: Plastic Transistor Standard UA package, 3 leads, not spread
Weight approximately 0.106 g

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DATA SHEET HAL1821...HAL1823

Fig. 4–3:
TO92UA/UT: Dimensions ammopack inline, spread

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HAL1821...HAL1823 DATA SHEET

Fig. 4–4:
TO92UA/UT: Dimensions ammopack inline, not spread

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DATA SHEET HAL1821...HAL1823

4.2. Solderability and Welding

Soldering

During soldering reflow processing and manual reworking, a component body temperature of 260 °C should not be
exceeded.

Welding

Device terminals should be compatible with laser and resistance welding. Please note that the success of the weld-
ing process is subject to different welding parameters which will vary according to the welding technique used.
A very close control of the welding parameters is absolutely necessary in order to reach satisfying results. Micronas,
therefore, does not give any implied or express warranty as to the ability to weld the component.

4.3. Pin Connections and Short Descriptions

Pin No. Pin Name Short Description

1 VSUP Supply Voltage Pin

2 GND Ground

3 OUT Push-Pull Output

1 VDD

OUT
3

2 GND

Fig. 4–5: Pin configuration

4.4. Dimensions of Sensitive Area

0.2 mm x 0.1 mm

4.5. Position of Sensitive Areas

TO92UA-1/-2

y 1.0 mm nominal

A4 0.4 mm nominal

D1 3.05 0.05 mm

H1 min. 21 mm
max. 23.1 mm

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HAL1821...HAL1823 DATA SHEET

4.6. Absolute Maximum Ratings

Stresses beyond those listed in the “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. This
is a stress rating only. Functional operation of the device at these conditions is not implied. Exposure to absolute
maximum rating conditions for extended periods will affect device reliability.

This device contains circuitry to protect the inputs and outputs against damage due to high static voltages or electric
fields; however, it is advised that normal precautions be taken to avoid application of any voltage higher than abso-
lute maximum-rated voltages to this circuit.

All voltages listed are referenced to ground (GND).

Symbol Parameter Pin No. Min. Max. Unit Condition

VSUP Supply Voltage 1 8.5 8.5 V t < 96 h,4)

14.4 14.4 t < 10 min. 4)
15 16 t < 1 min. 4)

VOUT Output Voltage 3 0.51) 8.5 V t < 96 h4)

0.51) 14.4 t < 10 min. 4)
0.51) 16 t < 1 min. 4)

VOUT VSUP Excess of Output Voltage 1,3  0.5 V

over Supply Voltage

IOUT Continuous Output Current 3 5 5 mA

tSh Output Short Circuit Duration 3  10 min

TJ Junction Temperature under 40 190 °C 2)

Bias

VESD ESD Protection3) 1,2,3 4.0 4.0 kV

1)
internal protection resistor = 50 
2) for 96h - Please contact Micronas for other temperature requirements
3)
AEC-Q100-002 (100 pF and 1.5 k
4)
no cumulated stress

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DATA SHEET HAL1821...HAL1823

4.6.1. Storage and Shelf Life

The permissible storage time (shelf life) of the sensors is unlimited, provided the sensors are stored at a maximum of
30 °C and a maximum of 85% relative humidity. At these conditions, no Dry Pack is required.

Solderability is guaranteed for two years from the date code on the package.

4.7. Recommended Operating Conditions

Functional operation of the device beyond those indicated in the “Recommended Operating Conditions/Characteris-
tics” is not implied and may result in unpredictable behavior of the device and may reduce reliability and lifetime.

All voltages listed are referenced to ground (GND).

Symbol Parameter Pin No. Min. Typ. Max. Unit Remarks

VSUP Supply Voltage 1 4.5 5 5.5 V

IOUT Continuous Output Current 3 1.0  1.0 mA

RL Load Resistor 3 5.5 10  k

CL Load Capacitance 3 0.33 10 47 nF

TJ Junction Operating Tem-  40  125 °C for 8000 hrs 2)

perature 1) 40  150 °C for 2000 hrs 2)
40  170 °C for 1000 hrs 2)
1)
Depends on the temperature profile of the application. Please contact Micronas for life time calculations.
2)
Time values are not cumulative

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HAL1821...HAL1823 DATA SHEET

4.8. Characteristics
at TJ = 40 °C to +170 °C (for temperature type A), VSUP = 4.5 V to 5.5 V, GND = 0 V,
at Recommended Operation Conditions if not otherwise specified in the column “Conditions”.
Typical Characteristics for TJ = 25 °C and VSUP = 5 V.

Symbol Parameter Pin No. Min. Typ. Max. Unit Conditions

ISUP Supply Current 1  7 10 mA

over Temperature Range

Resolution 3  10  Bit

INL Non-Linearity of Output 3 1.0 0 1.0 % % of supply voltage1)

Voltage over Temperature

ER Ratiometric Error of Output 3 1.0 0 1.0 %

over Temperature
(Error in VOUT / VSUP)

VOQ Output Quiescent Voltage 3 2.425 2.5 2.575 V B = 0 mT, TJ = 25 °C,

IOUT = ±1 mA

VOUTH Output High Voltage 3 4.7 4.9  V VSUP = 5 V, IOUT = ±1 mA2)

VOUTL Output Low Voltage 3  0.1 0.3 V VSUP= 5 V, IOUT = ±1 mA2)

tr(O) Response Time of Output3) 3  0.5 1 ms CL = 10 nF, time from 10% to

90% of final output voltage for a
step like
signal Bstep from 0 mT to Bmax

tPOD Power-Up Time (Time to   1 1.5 ms CL = 10 nF, 90% of VOUT

reach stabilized Output
Voltage)3)

BW Small Signal Bandwidth 3 2.25 2.5  kHz BAC < 10 mT

(3 dB)3)

VOUTn Output RMS Noise3) 3  2.6 5 mV B = 5 to 95% of Bmax

ROUT Output Resistance over 3  60   VOUTLmax VOUT VOUTHmin

Recommended Operating
Range3)

VPORLH Power-On Reset Level from 1 3.9 4.35 4.5 V

VSUPLow to VSUPHigh

VPORHL Power-On Reset Level from 1 3.8 4.2 4.4 V

VSUPHigh to VSUPLow

VPORHYS Power-On Hysteresis 1 0.1 0.175 0.3 V

VDIAG Output Voltage in case of 3 0  300 mV

Error Detection

TO92UA Package

Thermal Resistance Measured with a 1s0p board

Rthja junction to air    250 K/W
Rthjc junction to case    70 K/W
1)
if more than 50% of the selected magnetic field range are used and VOUT is between 0.3 V and 4.7 V
2)
Linear output range
3)
Guaranteed by design

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DATA SHEET HAL1821...HAL1823

4.9. Magnetic Characteristics

at Recommended Operating Conditions if not otherwise specified in the column ’Test Conditions’,
TJ =40 °C to +170 °C (for temperature type A), VSUP = 4.5 V to 5.5 V.
Typical Characteristics for TA = 25 °C and VSUP = 5 V.

Symbol Parameter Pin No. Values Unit Test Conditions

Min. Typ. Max.

Sens Sensitivity 3 47.5 50.0 52.5 mV/mT HAL1821; TJ = 25°C

30.0 31.25 32.5 HAL1822; TJ = 25°C
24.0 25.0 26.0 HAL1823; TJ = 25°C

ES Sensitivity Error over 3 6 0 6 % Part-to-part variation

Temperature Range

SensLife Sensitivity Drift (beside  2  % TJ = 25°C; after tem-

temperature drift)1) perature cycling and
over life time

BOFFSET Magnetic offset 3 1.4 0 1.4 mT HAL1821

2.3 0 2.3 HAL1822
2.8 0 2.8 HAL1823
B = 0 mT, TA = 25 °C

BOFFSET Magnetic offset drift over 3 950 0 950 µT HAL1821

Temperature Range 950 0 950 HAL1822
1015 0 1015 HAL1823
BOFFSET(T)  BOFFSET
B = 0 mT
(25 °C)

BHysteresis Magnetic Hysteresis1) 3 20 0 20 µT Range = 40 mT

1)
Guaranteed by design

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HAL1821...HAL1823 DATA SHEET

ideal 200 ppm/k

1.03
least-square-fit straight-line of
normalized measured data

measurement example of real

relative sensitivity related to 25 °C value

1.02 sensor, normalized to achieve a

value of 1 of its least-square-fit
straight-line at 25 °C

1.01

1.001
1.00

0.993
0.99

0.98

-10
-50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175
temperature [°C]

Fig. 4–6: Definition of Sensitivity Error ES.

4.9.1. Definition of Sensitivity Error ES

ES is the maximum of the absolute value of 1 minus In the example shown in Fig. 4–6 the maximum error
the quotient of the normalized measured value1) over occurs at 10 °C:
the normalized ideal linear2) value:

ES = max  abs  meas

------------ – 1  ES = 1.001
------------- – 1 = 0.8%
  ideal  0.993
 Tmin, Tmax 

1) normalized to achieve a least-square-fit straight-line

that has a value of 1 at 25 °C
2) normalized to achieve a value of 1 at 25 °C

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DATA SHEET HAL1821...HAL1823

5. Application Notes 5.3. Application Circuit

5.1. Ambient Temperature For EMC protection, it is recommended to connect one

ceramic 47 nF capacitor between ground and output
Due to the internal power dissipation, the temperature voltage pin as well as 100 nF between supply and
on the silicon chip (junction temperature TJ) is higher ground.
than the temperature outside the package (ambient
temperature TA).
VSUP
TJ = TA + T

At static conditions and continuous operation, the fol-

lowing equation applies: OUT
HAL182x
T = ISUP * VSUP * RthjX 100 nF
The X represents junction to air or to case.
47 nF
GND
For worst case calculation, use the max. parameters
for ISUP and RthjX, and the max. value for VSUP from
the application. Fig. 5–1: Recommended application circuit

The following example shows the result for junction to

air conditions. VSUP = 5.5 V, Rthja = 250 K/W and IDD =
10 mA the temperature difference T = 13.75 K.

The junction temperature TJ is specified. The maxi-

mum ambient temperature TAmax can be calculated as:
TAmax = TJmax T

5.2. EMC and ESD

The HAL182x is designed for a stabilized 5 V supply.

Interferences and disturbances conducted along the
12 V onboard system (product standard ISO 7637
part 1) are not relevant for these applications.

For applications with disturbances by capacitive or

inductive coupling on the supply line or radiated distur-
bances, the application circuit shown in Fig. 5–1 is rec-
ommended. Applications with this arrangement should
pass the EMC tests according to the product stan-
dards ISO 7637 part 3 (Electrical transient transmis-
sion by capacitive or inductive coupling) and part 4
(Radiated disturbances).

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HAL1821...HAL1823 DATA SHEET

6. Data Sheet History

1. Advance Information: “HAL1821...HAL1823, Linear
Hall-Effect Sensors Family”, July 1, 2009,
AI000148_001EN. First release of the advance
information.
2. Advance Information: “HAL1821...HAL1823, Linear
Hall-Effect Sensors Family”, April 28, 2010,
AI000148_002EN. Second release of the advance
information.
Major changes: Electrical characteristics
3. Data Sheet: “HAL1821...HAL1823, Linear Hall-
Effect Sensors Family”, May 6, 2011,
DSH000157_001EN. First release of the data sheet.
4. Data Sheet: “HAL1821...HAL1823, Linear Hall-
Effect Sensor Family in TO92UA package”, April 10,
2013, DSH000157_002EN. Second release of the
data sheet.
Major changes:
• Temperature range “K” removed
• Characteristics: Power-On Hysteresis VPORHYS
max. value changed
• SOT89 package type removed
• Package drawings updated
5. Data Sheet: “HAL1821...HAL1823, Linear Hall-
Effect Sensor Family in TO92UA package”, Dec. 6,
2013, DSH000157_003EN. Third release of the
data sheet.
Major changes:
• Sensitivity Error over Temperature (ES) value cor-
rected (see Section 4.9. on page 15)

Micronas GmbH
Hans-Bunte-Strasse 19  D-79108 Freiburg  P.O. Box 840  D-79008 Freiburg, Germany
Tel. +49-761-517-0  Fax +49-761-517-2174  E-mail: docservice@micronas.com  Internet: www.micronas.com

18 Dec. 6, 2013; DSH000157_003EN Micronas