Lesson 1: Communication Process, Principles, and Ethics COMMUNICATION BARRIERS

Communication is simply the act of transferring information from one • Culture

place, person or group to another. • Language
• Semantics: studies the meaning of language. Understanding
ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION:
semantics is crucial for comprehending language and
1. Message: the information or content that a sender intends to communication.
convey to a receiver. • Psychology, Ideals, Belief
2. Source/Sender: the entity initiating the communication
process. PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNICATION
3. Medium: the channel or method used to transmit the - Concise: Clear and brief.
message from the sender to the receiver
4. Receiver: for whom the message is intended, they decode - Coherent: Logically organized.
and interpret the message using their own experiences,
knowledge, and context. - Clarity: Easily understood.

COMMUNICATION MODELS - Courteousness: Respectful and considerate.

- Linear/Aristotle Model: One-way communication without feedback. - Com pleteness: All necessary information.

- Correctness: Accurate content and language.

ETHICS

1. Be Honest and Truthful

– Shannon-Weaver Model: Emphasizes encoding, transmission, and 2. Listening Actively
decoding with consideration of noise. 3. Showing a disinterested judgement
4. Speak from personal experience
5. Make an effort to comprehend

Lesson 2: Evaluating Text/Images of Different Types of Text

Reflecting Different Culture

DIFFERENT TYPES OF TEXT

- Osgood-Schramm Model: Incorporates feedback, psychological • Descriptive: A form of writing that gives information on how
elements, and mutual understanding. someone or something seems to look, feel, smell, sound,
taste, and etc.
• Expository: A fact-based form of writing. Tries to explain a
concept without inserting personal ideas.
• Narrative: A form of writing that amuses a reader through
storytelling .
• Persuasive: A form of writing that intends the audience to
believe or do som ething .
- Schramm's Model: Interactive communication with a focus on shared EVALUATING AN IMAGE MESSAGE
understanding and feedback.
• Hand Gestures
• Geosemotics/Semiotics: public texts, such as road signs,
notices, and brand logos, can only be understood in their
physical and social contexts
- Indexicality: meaning conveyed by the sign as a result of its
placement.
- Dialogicality: signs that have a dual meaning and
correspond to one another.
- White's States of Communication: Describes sequential stages of - Selection: the signs that most people ignore. A non-smoker,
communication, highlighting complexity and multiple elements. for example, will not pay much attention to its signage
simply because they are unconcerned, and a non-driver will
not mind the parking area signage.

MULTIMODAL MATERIALS

• A multimodal material refers to content or information that

combines multiple modes of communication, such as text,
images, audio, and video, to convey meaning or engage users
in a more diverse and immersive way.
Lesson 3: World Englishes "The prevalence of diabetes is increasing globally [1]."

WHAT THE FUCK IS WORLD ENGLISHES 2. Am erican Psychological Association ( APA) Style

The Inner Circle: are the native speakers of English - Commonly used in general, like social sciences, including psychology,
education, and the sciences.
• USA
• United Kingdom - In-text citations include the author's last name and publication year.
• Canada
Oledan, P.(2oo4) The Day We Met. How I met your Father, Vol.4(5th
• Australia
• South Africa series), 16-18
• Ireland
Prim ary Source Citation: (Oledan,2022)
The Outer Circle: English is used inside the country as their official
language, the spread of language occurs because of Secondary Source Ci tation: (Oledan,2022; Pabo,2099)

- Imperialism: one country that rules lots of other countries 3. M odern Language Association ( M LA) Style:
- Colonialism: when a more powerful country rules a weaker
one, and establishes trade and society there - Commonly used in arts and sciences.

COUNTRIES: - In-text citations include the author's last name and page number.

• Bangladesh, Nigeria, Zambia, Tanzania, Sri Lanka, Oledan, Bianca “The Day We Met”. How I met your Father. Version
Singapore, Philippines, Pakistan, Malaysia, Kenya, India, 5. 2002, August 16. Tacloban, Leyte
Ghana
4. Chicago Style:
The Expanding Circle: English is used by professionals in some
context - Commonly used in history and econom ics.

• Zimbabwe, Russia, Taiwan, Nepal, Saudi Arabia, Korea, - Offers two documentation styles: notes and bibliography (for
Japan, Israel, Indonesia, Egypt, China, Nigeria humanities) and author-date (for the sciences).

Bianca Oledan “How I met your Father”(Tacloban,2022)16-17

Different Varieties of English:
Oledan, How I met, 16-17 = If cited/referenced already
• Dialects: variety of language distinguished by pronunciation,
grammar, and vocabulary developed by group, time, and Ibid.,16-17 = if cited immediately after
isolation.
• Sounds different
• Different Grammar

TOP 5 LANGUAGES

• Mandarin
• English
• Hindi
• Spanish
• Russian

Lesson 4: Using Correct Diction

Diction: refers to the writer’s or speaker’s distinctive vocabulary style

and expression. The choice of words, phrases, sentence structure, and
figurative language in a literary work.

Lesson 5: Bias-Free Language

Bias-free language or inclusive language, avoids stereotypes and

discrimination based on gender, race, age, or other factors. It promotes
respectful communication by using neutral and inclusive terms,
avoiding assumptions or offensive language.

Lesson 6: Types of Citation

1. Vancouver Style:

- Commonly used in m edical and scientific field.

- Numerical citations in square brackets in the text correspond to

numbered references in the bibliography.