28 Grammar Conditionals 1: (zero, first, second) ‘Some sentences with the word if are called conditional sentences. With every conditional sentence, there are two parts: a situation and the result of that situation. It is the situation that starts with if. There are different types of conditional sentence, depending on what the situation is. + When we start the sentence with if, we separate the situation and the resutt with a comma. 7 Ifyou join a gym, Il join too. + When we start the sentence with the result, we don't use a comma, Iiljoin too if you join a gym. if + present simple, present simple Use Example General or scientific facts If people eat too much, they often get fat. if + present simple, will + bare infinitive Use Example Real or likely situations in If you take these pills, you'll start to feel better very soon. the present or future and their results + We can also use other modals instead of will, depending on the meaning. ¥ If you get some rest, you might feel better tomorrow. + We can also use an imperative instead of will to give instructions. 7 Ifyou don’t fee! well, go home! if + past simple, would + bare infinitive Use Example Impossible or unlikely situations in the If my legs were longer, | would be a much faster runner! | present or future and their results We can also use the second conditional to give advice. We use the phrases If were you ... or If was you ... for this. IF were you ... is more formal than If | was you ... ¥ If were you, | would eat less chocolate. (more formal) ¥ If was you, 'd eat less chocolate! (more informal) 118> Conditionals 1: (zero, frst, second) Unit 28 Look at the pictures and complete the sentences. Use the zero conditional. 1 fyou heat water, it boils heat / water / it / boil 2 Ifyou — send / an e-mail /it / be / free 3 it be / dangerous / you / not / wear / a seatbelt 4 Hyou a have / an injection / it / not / usually hurt ifyou — not / water / plants and flowers / they die a o Ifthe sea - . not / be / calm / not / be / safe / to swim The words and phrases in bold in each sentence are wrong. Write the correct word or phrase. 1 Ifwe will go shopping tomorrow, I'l probably buy a new top. 2. If Mum is tired tonight, 1 cook dinner. 3. John will tell us if there will be any news. 4. If won't get a good mark in the geography test, Ill be very annoyed! 5 You are tired in the morning if you don't go to bed soon. 6 Ifyou see Karen, do you ask her to call me? 7 Does Frank come with us if we go to the beach at the weekend? 8 tell me! If you need help, Complete using the correct form of the verbs in brackets. 1 ffl _suue (Go) well in the exam, my parents will buy me an MP3 player. 2 If my sister borrows my clothes again, | (scream! 3. Welll eave at six o'clock if the weather .. .. (be) bad, 4 They... (not / mind) if we're a bit late this afternoon, 5 Sarah will be very annoyed if Dave snsnsnne (NOt / €all) her this evening. 6 Will you still go to the concert ifthe tickets . (cost) 60 euros? 7 If Rania doesn't come to the party, . (Greg / be) upset? 8 Ill be surprised if Doug and Dana .... (not / get) a new car soon. ug120 Unit 28. Grammar je the correct word or phrase. @ If win / won a million euros, Id buy my mum and dad a new house. If Steve paid more attention in class, he will / would learn more. They'll / They'd go on a cruise if they had enough money. You'd feel a lot healthier if you don't / didn’t eat so much fast food. If Ihave / had a bike, it wouldn't take me so long to get to school. Ifyou met Tom Hanks, what will / would you ask him? Will / Would Bobby be upset if| didn't invite him? Iflam / were you, I'd get a haircut! wIHHTFoVH fe each second sent that it has a similar meaning to the first . Write no more than three words 1 Sylvia doesn't have enough money, so she can't buy a new computer. If Sylvia enough money, she'd buy a new computer. The twins don't see their friends often because they're very busy. If the twins weren't so busy, they their friends more often. | don't live in a city, so there's not much to do in the evening. tf ses ina city, there would be lots to do in the evening. Grandma won't get a dog because she lives in a small flat. If Grandma ina small flat, she'd get a dog. You use your mobile a lot, so you have large phone bills. Ifyou didn't use your mobile so much, you 6 I think you should tell your parents the truth, lon you, 'd tell your parents the truth. S o ... large phone bills. Choose the correct answer. pga Dear Yui, 'm not sure wh: ei ‘inking ‘of becoming at to do. Millions of people ave vegetarians and they're perfectly heathy. You have to be caf, though ing eee OF | HY (2) nnn Mp eating meat complet, and oly (3) choclate oC Eaae ay it’s abad and crisps, that would obviously be very ba for you! f people dont eat property, they ee pey cay that (9) css that simple you cat lots ofr and salad and beans, you (eee tin (3 1 get ll he things you need to stay healthy. But — youve only 14 years meat, my body Wont | old. if you (6) at home with your parents — and you probably do — you'l get the tines Tiny | veto ak them what they think oo. gour muon coks fr you, (7) be cay, ee " difficult for her to make you special meals. IF were yous, 1 (8) occu think about ee this cavefly and maybe wit until youve abit older before making such a big decision. Yuri, age 14 Marsha. 1 Astop B stopped 5 Awl B would 2 Agive B gave 6 Alive B wil ive 3 Awill eat Bate 7 Awl B would 4 Aget B would get 8 Awill B wouldConditionals 2: (third) « ©) if + past perfect simple, would + have + past participle & Use : Example ~ Unreal situations in the past and _If the chemist had been open, | would have bought some aspirin. their unreal past results (= The chemist wasn't open, so | didn’t buy any aspirin.) If | hadn't listened to you, | would have cooked the chicken for too long. (= Ilistened to you, so | didn’t cook the chicken for too long.) Ifhe had seen the doctor, he wouldn't have been iil for such a long time. (= He didn't see the doctor, so he was ill for a long time.) If you hadn't eaten a giant pizza, you wouldn't have been sick! (= You ate a giant pizza, so you were sick.) | We can also use could and might instead of would, depending on the meaning. |v Ifyou had eaten a giant pizza, you might have been sick! (= It's possible, but not certain, that you would have been sick.) ¥ If Mary had told me she was coming, | could have cooked a nice meal, j_( (wolfe be able to cook a nice meal.) The third conditional is the only conditional that refers to the past. ¥ If! had had a headache, | would have taken an aspirin. ( = in the past) = We use past simple in the second conditional, but that does not refer to the past. ¥ Iflhad a headache, | would take an aspirin. ( = now or generally) ‘» For more information on the second conditional, see Unit 28, 121122 Unit 29. Grammar Circle the correct answer. if Charles had had enough money, he'd nate bought the CD. A 1 Did Charles have enough money? 2 Did he buy the CD? Yes / No Yes / No she'd taken us mobile with her Cilla would have called Andrea J 3 Did Cilla call Andres? 4 Did she take her mobile with her? Yes / No Yes / No seen the} start of uo film. f we hadn't been late, we'd have } 5 Were they late? 6 Did they see the start of the firm? Yes / No Yes / No Paul wouldn't have made a mistake if he'd listened to Lee. 7. Did Paul make a mistake? Yes / No 8 Did Paul listen to Lee? Yes / No Jo wouldn't have gone to the party if she hadn't been invited, 9 Did Jo go to the vary? Yes / No 10 Was Jo invited to the party? Yes / No Tom would have forgotten his keys if Lisa hadn't reminded him. 11 Did Tom forget his Keys? Yes / No 12 Did Lisa remind him about his keys? Yes / No Complete using the correct form of the words in brackets. Ifyou come with you. If Dan had missed the plane, he Td have got you a present if We an Ifthe car Ifyou... lf Baz NOOR wN (tell) me you were going to the beach, I'd have (be) very annoyed. (know) it was your birthday. (not / get) lost if we'd taken a map with us. (not / break down), | wouldn't have been late. (not / help) me, | wouldn't have finished in time. (not / show) you what to do, what (you / do)? Complete each second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence. Write between two and five words. 1 Itwasn't cold, so we didn't light a fire. iit cold, we'd have lit a fire. 2. John didn't come, so we didn’t do any painting. If John , we'd have done some painting. 3 Claire didn’t buy any clothes a she didn’t see anything she liked. Claire some clothes if she'd seen something she liked. & The audience laughed because the joke was very funny. If the joke very funny, the audience wouldn't have laughed. We decided to leave because it was really rosy. to leave ifit hadn't been really noisy. aLook at the pictures and complete the sentences. Use the verbs in the box. You may have to use some negative forms. orrect form of the break « fall over * look * pick up » reply If Kevin hadr't just got a text message, he If he hadn't looked at his mobile, he ... If someone if Kevin had seen the banana skin, he If he hadn't stood on it, he If he hadn't fallen OVEF, N€ .ssoscn if he hadn't broken his mobile, he .. [E] Read the story and complete the sentences. see * stood at his mobile phone. the banana skin the banana skin earlier, it wouldn't have been there. on it. his mobile. to the text message. \ ) ida loved to keep fit. Whenever she could, she / went to the gum after work. But one evening, Vida got home late. ‘i's too late to go to the ‘gum now,’ she said to herself ‘just watch TV instead.” She made herself a nice, fresh, healthy salad and sat down in front of the TV. Suddenly, she saw something on TV that caught her attention. It was an advert for 4n exercise bike called the Fitmaster 5000. “That looks fantastic!” thought Vida. ‘I think I'l buy that!" She phoned the number and ordered the machine. It ‘came the next day, it was much bigger than it looked on TV, and the only place Vide could put it wos at the top ofthe stair. 1 If Vida had got home earlier, 2 If she'd gone to the gym that evening, 3 If she hadn't watched TV, 4 She wouldn't have as the Fitmaster 5000 She loved the Fitmaster 5000 so much, though, that from that day on, she only exercised at home. She didn't go to the gum any more. She spent hours every ‘evening on her exercise bike, and every evening she went faster and faster. One evening, she was going 0 fast that the exercise bike began to move forwards, Before she knew what had happened, she - and the bike — fell down the stairs. All sixteen of them. Right to the bottom. Ouch! The Fitmaster 5000 was broken, and so was Vida’s leg, 1 think that's enough exercise for a while,” thought Vida, as she lay in her hospital bed. ‘And that’s enough watching adverts on TV too. 5 She wouldn't have put it at the top of the stairs 6 She'd have continued going to the gym 7 frshe hadnt gone so fast, 8 If she hadn't fallen down the stairs, 123