Meaning of education
Education is the transmission
of knowledge, skills, and character
traits and manifests in various forms.
Formal education occurs within a structured
institutional framework, such as
public schools. Non-formal education also
follows a structured approach but occurs
outside the formal schooling system,
while informal education entails
unstructured learning through daily
experiences. Formal and non-formal
education are categorized into levels,
including early childhood education, primary
education, secondary education,
and tertiary education. Other classifications
focus on teaching methods, such as
teacher-centered and student-centered
education, and on subjects, such
as science education, language education,
and physical education. Additionally, the
term "education" can denote the mental
states and qualities of educated individuals
and the academic field studying educational
phenomena.
The precise definition of education is
disputed, and there are disagreements
about the aims of education and the extent
to which education differs
from indoctrination by fostering critical
thinking. These disagreements impact how
to identify, measure, and enhance various
forms of education. Essentially,
education socializes children into society by
instilling cultural values and norms,
equipping them with the skills necessary to
become productive members of society. In
doing so, it stimulates economic growth and
raises awareness of local and global
problems. Organized institutions play a
significant role in education. For instance,
governments establish education policies to
determine the timing of school classes, the
curriculum, and attendance
requirements. International organizations,
such as UNESCO, have been influential in
promoting primary education for all children.
Many factors influence the success of
education. Psychological factors
include motivation, intelligence,
and personality. Social factors, such
as socioeconomic status, ethnicity,
and gender, are often associated
with discrimination. Other factors
encompass access to educational
technology, teacher quality, and parental
involvement.
The primary academic field examining
education is known as education studies. It
delves into the nature of education, its
objectives, impacts, and methods for
enhancement. Education studies
encompasses various subfields,
including philosophy, psychology, sociology
, and economics of education. Additionally,
it explores topics such as comparative
education, pedagogy, and the history of
education.
In prehistory, education primarily occurred
informally through oral
communication and imitation. With the
emergence of ancient civilizations, the
invention of writing led to an expansion of
knowledge, prompting a transition from
informal to formal education. Initially, formal
education was largely accessible to elites
and religious groups. The advent of
the printing press in the 15th century
facilitated widespread access to books,
thus increasing general literacy. In the 18th
and 19th centuries, public education gained
significance, paving the way for the global
movement to provide primary education to
all, free of charge, and compulsory up to a
certain age. Presently, over 90% of
primary-school-age children worldwide
attend primary school.
Refrences References
Notes
1. ^ This implies that its meaning varies depending
on the situation in which it is used.
2. ^ A thick concept is a concept that includes both
descriptive and evaluative content.[12]
3. ^ Some theorists only distinguish between
formal and informal education.[26]
4. ^ In some regions, these two terms have
different meanings. In the United Kingdom, for
example, public schools are run by private
institutions and charge fees, while state schools
are controlled by the government and provide
free education.[70]
5. ^ Research on prehistoric education often relies
on studies of surviving hunting and gathering
societies.[167]
6. ^ There is no consensus on the precise timing of
writing's invention, and various forms of proto-
writing existed for much longer periods.[170]
