A Holistic Perspective:

The Philosopher’s Way

Holistic thinking is a big picture mentality that recognizes interconnections of elements in larger systems. It's used in medicine,
philosophy, and philosophy to understand human experiences and problems, fostering a more appreciative perspective and
addressing root causes.
What is of Philosophy

Philosophy is a subjective, often vague, and superficial concept that arises from various sources, including family, friends, and
media. It is derived from the Greek words philia (love) and sophia (wisdom), meaning "the love of wisdom."

As an analysis frameworks :
As an examination of knowledge

framework is defined as a way of thinking about the world and is composed of the views and beliefs Though philosophy, a
person may be able to understand the situation. Questions dealing with our correctness and values are considered internal
questions that can be addressed using our framework . External questions that seek to questions the every frameworks upon
which people base their own beliefs and views. The second way is as and examination of knowledge this way deals with
questioning and examining the established ideas and concepts that needed to prove the correctness and truthfulness. Though
Philosophy, a person maybe able to understand that not all the established ideas and knowledge are correct. philosophy itself is
a Disturbed Area of knowledge with its own goals, concerns, and ways phenomena. These are: C (a) Aesthetic - deals with
beauty and what makes things beautiful. (b) Logic- deals with current reasoning. (c) Epistemology - discusses the nature of
knowledge and knowing. (o) Ethics- refers to moral questions of justice power and rights and obligations of citizens. (e)
metaphysics - deals with questions regarding reality and existence. moreover, Philosophy of the Human person is not a broach
the but an areas in the philosophy that understand the human person.

The Domains of Truth

3 different domains of truth

1. Social domain- truth is analogous with a general agreement or consensus on what is right as opposed to what is wrong.
*Truth is tested against their acceptability to a particular group in a particular time in history.
2. Personal domain - where truth is analogous with sincerity.
*Truths are tested against the consistency and authenticity of the person who claims it.
3. Objective domain- is a scientific truth that pertains to the natural world that maintains a relative independence from the
perspective and attitude of human beings that perceive them.
*Truths are tested against empirical evidence.

Truth and Opinion

Opinions require justification to be considered truthful. They must be reasonably argued for, and a philosophical mind must
examine supporting arguments to support a conclusion.

Method of Philosophizing GABRIEL MARCEL – clarifies that philosophy is not like the sciences that have clear methods in arriving
at truths. Philosophy is different. The method is not something you can simply detach from the person philosophizing.
TWO different approaches to the search and understanding of truth:
1.From the representative of Western modern thinking.
2. From the characteristic approach of oriental thought.

Logical Fallacies

1.Argumentum ad Hominem (argument against the person) - this is a fallacy used when people
convince others that someone's argument should be rejected because of the person's personal background his/her history,
nationality, race, socio-economic status, family, associations religion and other circumstances.
2. Argumentum ad Baculum (appeal to force)- is an argument used by people who want to win a conflict by issuing threats to
their opponents.
3. Argumentum ad Misericordiam (appeal to pity) – this fallacy is also called appeal to emotion. An argument used by people
who want to win people over by manipulating their emotions.
4. Argumentum ad Populum (Bandwagon Fallacy - this fallacious argument is a favorite marketing strategy by advertising
agencies.

Deductive arguments - Is offered to provide logically conclusive support for its conclusion.
Non Deductive - arguments is offered to provide probable support for its conclusion but not conclusive.
PREMISES - a premises is a true or false statement that helps form the body of an argument, which logically leads to a true or
false conclusion.
VALID ARGUMENT İs an argument whose premises guarantee the truth of the conclusion.
SOUND ARGUMENT - valid deductive argument whose premises are all true
Counter example - is a scenario in which the premises of the argument are true while the conclusion is clearly false.
CRITERİA IN EVALUATING AN ARGUMENT
Fairness - is the argument fair balanced or does not contain bias.
Evidence - are the given premises reliable and relevant.
Logic - are the arguments thoroughly explained.
Tone - the general character or attitude of a place, piece of writing, situation.

The human person as an embodied spirit

Superman, a character popularized in comic books during the 1930s, represents human limitations. These limitations are a
reflection of our embodied existence, which includes our bodies, age, sex, race, and relationships. Our bodies determine our sex,
race, and biological relationships, making us confined to fixed boundaries. As limitations, these aspects of our selves are not
products of our free choice, and they often cause frustration and negative perceptions of the body. As a result, we often view
the body as a form of imprisonment. The body's limitations can create opportunities for growth and development. For example,
in a classroom setting, being physically restrained can lead to missed classes or missed lectures. However, these limitations can
also open up new learning opportunities. Athletes, like Manny Pacquiao, have used their limitations to redefine boxing, focusing
on the unity of hand, foot, and head work rather than the bulk of muscles or height.

The Meaning of Freedom

Freedom is being able to attempt to do what we desire to do, with reasonable knowledge, which no-one can or will obstruct us
from achieving through an arbitrary exercise of their will.

Freedom and Responsibility

Meaning of Inter subjectivity

The definition of inter subjectivity is the way a person is influenced by the culture, family, and friends that they are surrounded
by. The people an individual interacts with can have a significant impact on the way they interact with the world around them.

An Inter subjectivity Across Differences

simply stated as the interchange of thoughts and feelings, both conscious and unconscious, between two persons or “subjects,”
as facilitated by empathy.
Social Interaction and Society

Social interaction is a crucial aspect of society, involving interactions between individuals to create rules, institutions, and
systems, with symbols used to communicate expectations and communicate expectations to newcomers.

Social Interaction and the Development of Societies

They build trust, share knowledge, and form the glue that holds communities together. This constant pulse drives development,
shaping laws, cultures, and technologies. It's a two-way street, though: societal structures influence how we interact, from
economic systems to cultural norms. Understanding this intricate dance is key to building better societies for the future.