Levels of Thinking you to write the main topic and then write down all related

In 1956, Benjamin Bloom, an American educational concepts below it. Here is example of an idea list.
psychologist, together with a team of educational Topic - Unemployment.
psychologists, published Bloom's Taxonomy of the Cognitive 1. Jobs
Domain, which is a system that classifies the levels of thinking 2.Poverty
important for learning.This simply means that to proceed to the 3 Salary
next level, the current one must be mastered first. The six Another brainstorming method is making an idea map. It is a
levels are: Knowledge, Comprehension, Application. Analysis, visual representation of ideas and their connections with one
Synthesis, and Evaluation. another. Unlike the idea list, an idea map is more structured;
thus, it is able to show how one idea subordinates another
Later on in 2001, Bloom's former student, Lorin Anderson, and idea. How to make an idea map: Put the big idea or question at
a group of cognitive psychologists published a revision to the the center. Then, add a related idea by writing it down in a
original taxonomy to make it more relevant to 21st-century circle near the hig idea, and drawing a line between the two to
students and teachers. They changed the names of the levels show how the ideas are connected.
and used verbs instead of nouns to denote an active process of
thinking. Knowledge, comprehension, and tests were renamed In general, remember to define the problem or the issue that
remembering, understanding, and creating, respectively. needs to be solved. If you are going to brainstorm on your own,
Exploring the First Three Levels of Thinking make sure to choose a comfortable place and minimize
The New Version distractions. Try using images to stimulate your mind. For
Asking intelligent questions leads to a better understanding of group brainstorming. make sure to create a fun atmosphere all
events and ideas. Note that this is a key factor in thinking throughout the activity.
critically. Acquiring this skill already starts with the first three READING SKILLS FOR READING AND WRITING
levels of the revised taxonomy. To learn more about them, read READING- is a language skill which can be developed through
the following situation and answer the constant practice. As some scholars found out, you can widen
succeeding questions. your vocabulary and develop skills in writing when you read.
But reading can be more meaningful if it will be viewed as an
interactive process between the writer and the reader
READING PROCESS
Reading consists of the ff. stages:
PRE-READING STAGE- it aims to induce the readers
motivation to read and to activate their schema or background
knowledge.
WHILE-READING STAGE you may re-read the text until you
fully understand its meaning.
POST-READING STAGE the last stage where you have to
check your understanding of the text being read.

Scanning is useful in locating the specific name of a board

Higher-Order Thinking Skills passer, looking for an old email in your inbox, or checking
Critical thinking does not stop at remembering, understanding, specific information in a graph.
and applying. also involves analyzing, evaluating, and creating. 2. Previewing - is a skill wherein a reader looks over a material
These three cognitive processes are considered as higher- and focuses on the information he/she finds relevant.
order thinking skills. Previewing also allows readers to set the purpose and link the
Brainstorming content of the material to their background knowledge. It is
While brainstorming is commonly thought of as a group activity, conducted during the prereading stage.
it can also be done Individually. In fact, some studies show that 3. Literal Reading - involves the understanding of ideas and
individual brainstorming produces more Ideas. This is partially facts that are directly stated in the printed material. Skills under
so because in group brainstorming, people focus too much on this category include note-taking. paraphrasing, and
other people's ideas that they are unable to generate ideas of summarizing.
their own. A. Summarizing
This is called summarizing. It is a reading skill that involves
However, group brainstorming might be a better option in condensing a lengthy text into a shorter passage which is
solving more complicated problems because it produces ideas usually 15 to 30 percent of the source material. Major details
that are wider in range and greater in depth. This is largely may also be mentioned, but they are not required.
attributed to the fact that the experiences and knowledge of The following are some strategies in summarizing.
each group member augment those of the other members'. i. Annotate, Le., add notes to the original text to highlight
Methods in Brainstorming important ideas, but avoid putting your own comments.
You can brainstorm effectively either by creating an idea list or ii. If you are summarizing a text with multiple paragraphs, get
by making an idea map.. Creating an idea list simply involves the main idea of each paragraph and write them in your own
listing ideas about a particular topic. It also helps you find the words. Combine them into a coherent article using transitional
main idea and supporting details from the numerous ideas devices.
listed. iii. Ensure accuracy by comparing your summary to the
original text.
How to make an idea list: This strategy is especially b. Paraphrasing
appropriate to textual people, or those who are more Paraphrasing means 'to state something written or spoken in
comfortable in processing words than visuals. It simply requires different words, especially in a shorter and simpler form to
make the meaning clearer' (Cambridge Online Dictionary, Uses both letters and numbers as labels
2022). Paraphrasing is 'a restating of someone else's thoughts ALPHANUMERIC
or ideas in your own words. Outline
ESSAY OUTLINE
CRITICAL THINKER 1. Introduction (White a thesis statement)
First, critical thinkers have a passionate drive for clarity, 11. Topic Sentence
precision, accuracy, and other critical thinking standards while A. Support
uncritical thinkers often think in ways that are unclear, 1.Deal/eumple
imprecise, and inaccurate. 2. Deal cumple
Are honest with themselves, acknowledging what they don’t IL Support
know, recognizing their limitations, and being watchful of their 1. Deul cumple
own errors. 2. Deal/eumple
Regard problems and controversial issues as exciting DECIMAL Outline
challenges. 1.0 Introduction
Strive for understanding, keep curiosity alive, remain patient 1.1 Why create an essay outline?
with complexity, and are ready to invest time to overcome 1.1.1 A tool to help organize
confusion. 1.1.2 Present ideas logically and with a natural flow
1.1.3 Clarify your thesis and conclusion
NON-CRITICAL THINKER And SO ON….
Pretend they know more than they do, ignore their limitations, FOUR PRINCIPLES
and assume their views are error-free.  Coordination
Regard problems and controversial issues as nuisances or  Subordination
threats to their ego.  Division
Are inpatient with complexity and thus would rather remain  Parallel Construction
confused than make the effort to understand. COORDINATION
Requires ideas of the same relevance to be labeled in the
CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER same way.
Chronological order is the order in which the events occurred, SUBORDINATION
from first to last. This is the easiest pattern to write and to Shows the minor details have to be placed under their
follow.Chronology is the science of arranging events in their perspective major details
order of occurrence in time. Consider, for example, the use of a PARALLEL CONSTRUCTION
timeline or sequence of events. Requires all entries in each cluster to use the same structure
GROUP 1 and format.
GRAPHIC ORGANIZER TOPIC OUTLINE
A graphic organizer, also known as a knowledge map, concept A topic outline uses words and phrases as it's entries:
map, story map, cognitive organizer, advance organizer, or Generally, a topic outline is used if the ideas being discussed
concept diagram is a pedagogical tool that uses visual symbols can be arranged in g number of ways.
to express knowledge and concepts through relationships SENTENCE Outline
between them. Thesis statement E-mail and internet monitoring, as currenty
VENN DIAGRAM practiced, is an invasion of employees' rights in the workplace
A Venn diagram is a widely used diagram style that shows the 1. The situation: Over 80% of today's companies monitor their
logical relation between sets and used to compare and contrast employees.
ideas and events. This diagram uses two or more overlapping A To prevent fraudulent actives, theft and other workplace
circles to show similar and different attributes. popularized by related Wolasons.
John Venn in the 1880s. B. To more efficiently monitor employee productivity
NETWORK TREE C. To prevent any legal liabilises due to harassing or offensive
A tree topology, or star-bus topology, is a hybrid network communications.
topology in which star networks are interconnected via bus
networks. Tree networks are hierarchical, and each node can GROUP 3
have an arbitrary number of child nodes. Network Tree CYCLE
designed by Ronnel Sanchez. What is a cycle?
-a series that are regularly repeated in the same order.
GROUP 2 ex.growth, serisce and death
OUTLINE SPIDER MAP
AN OUTLINE IS A TOOL FOR ORGANIZING IDEAS. IT IS Spider map is used inspect and enumerate various aspects of
USED NOT ONLY AS PRE-WRITING STRATEGY BUT ALSO critical idea,which could be concepto, or theme. Spider
AS A POST - READING ACTIVITY. WHEN PREPARING AN mapping which is sometimes called Semantic map is a graphic
OUTLINE, YOU CAN EITHER USE A DECIMAL OUTLINE OR organizer that can be used for brainstorming ideas, aspects,
AN ALPHANUEMERIC OUTLINE. and thoughts of normally a single theme or topic.
A DECIMAL OUTLINE ONLY USES NUMBERS AS LABELS
WHILE AN ALPHANUMERIC OUTLINE USES BOTH GROUP 4
LETTERS AND NUMBERS AS LABELS. PROBLEM-SOLUTION MAP
OUTLINE Problem-Solution Map - displays the nature of the problem and
PLANNING FOR WRITING OR CREATING A SUMMARY how it can be solved. This map usually contains the problem's
THAT GIVES THE ESSENTIAL FEATURES OF A TEXT. description, its causes and effects. and logical solutions.
ALPHANUMERIC What is a Problem Solution Map
A problem solution map represents a logical analysis of •Main reasons-list down the reasons for making this claim.
available data leading towards a solution. In other words, a Facts/Examples - list down the facts or example to back up
problem solution map uses the given data to provide a solution your reasoning.
to the problem. A straightforward solution map can have Conclusion -summarizing the Conclusion most important
various elements. Typically, it has the following structure: details of the argument."
 a problem statement GROUP 8
 problem definition FISHBONE MAP
 possible causes and effects FISHBONE MAP-is used to better under Stand the casual
 an effective solution relation ship of a complex phenomenon and its a visualization
GROUP 5 tool for categorizing the potential causes of a problem
Plot diagram OTHER NAMES
A. EXPOSITION cause and effect
The part where character, setting, and relationships are Diagram Ishikawa Diagram
established Herring bone Diagram
Exposition is a literary term that refers to the introduction of
characters and plot it can also be used to set up the mood or GROUP 9
tone for the rest of the story Timeline
B. INCITING MOMENT -used to show how events occurred chronologically- through a
The part which brings about the change or the conflict. long par labeled with dates and specific events.
An inciting incident is an event that hooks the viewer into the Linear timeline
story and sets everything else that happens into motion. -detail events that happened within a given time frame. This
C. RISING ACTION time frame could be a person's lifetime, a period in history or a
The section where the conflict and the characters are single event.
developed Comparative timeline
The rising action is the second of six essential plot elements, - compares two or more topics across the same date range.
which comes right after the opening of a story, otherwise They could be used to highlight similarities and differences
known as the exposition. between two countries.
D. CLIMAX
The climax is the point in a story where the tension and conflict
reach their highest point. It is the turning point in the plot where
the main. character faces their greatest challenge, and the
outcome of the story becomes clear
E. FALLING ACTION
The falling action is the part of the plot that follows the climax
and leads to the resolution or conclusion of the story. It is the
section where the story's tensions and conflicts begin to be
resolved, and loose ends are tied up.
F. RESOLUTION
The resolution is the part of the plot that brings the story to a
close, where the loose ends are tied up, and the story's
conflicts are resolved.
GROUP 6
Series of Events Chain
✓ The word sequence means the order or arrangement in
which things happen.
Series of events Chain
-Is used to show the logical sequence of events
A chain of events is a number of actions and their effects that
are contiguous and linked together that results in a particular
outcome.
When sequencing an event you must keep in mind these
example
questions
1. What must you do first?
2. What must you do after?
3. What must you do next?
4. What will be the last thing you must do
GROUP 7
PERSUASION MAP
Persuasion Map is an interactive graphic Organizer that
enables students to map out their arguments for a persuasive
essay or debate.
Steps in making Persuasion Map
Topic - choose your topic/issue of interest for your essay or
debate.
•Introduction define the claim that you want to prove