Crop Ecology
Crop Ecology
Ecology : ikos-Home ,
Logos-To study
ecology relationship of
crop comunities with surrounding say environment.
~
crop means
crop or
*
Harvesting Index : Coefficient of effectiveness
Economic yield Grains
Harvesting index =
straw
Biological yield grains
Sink
X 00
Source
* Source Such part of
: plant where
photosynthesis occur ie leaves
Sink
photosynthates accumulate/store
* : where is
grains.
· Tow to calculate Grain Yield : No of plant per unit Fertile tiller Flower /
area Noof
perplan
-
No of wt of individual
.
grains per year grains.
*
Agro-Climatic Zones
*
Agroclimatic Regional Planning :
Commission
· initiated in 1988
by Planning .
&
·
Agro-climatic Factor : Rainfall Soil
Cropping Farming System .
Temperature Topography Water Resources.
&
Agro-climatic Zone : C water
surplus ,
water deficit
Cropping System
the basis of
* on
Homogenity : water
surplus ,
water deficit
* Under National
Agricultura Research
Projet NARP & ICAR : 2
into
of Soil
Survey & land
*
Agro-ecological regions by National Bureau NBSS : 21 zone but now 20 0 subzone
o
/
o-
N
M
S
W < J E
~
• Zone 1 – Western Himalayan Region: Jammu and Kashmir, Uttar Pradesh
• Zone 2 – Eastern Himalayan Region: Assam, Sikkim, West Bengal and all North-Eastern states
• Zone 3 – Lower Gangetic Plains Region: West Bengal
• Zone 4 – Middle Gangetic Plains Region: Uttar Pradesh, Bihar
• Zone 5 – Upper Gangetic Plains Region: Uttar Pradesh
• Zone 6 – Trans-Gangetic Plains Region: Punjab, Haryana, Delhi and Rajasthan
• Zone 7 – Eastern Plateau and Hills Region: Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh, Orissa and West Bengal
• Zone 8 – Central Plateau and Hills Region: MP, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh
• Zone 9 – Western Plateau and Hills Region: Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan
• Zone 10 – Southern Plateau and Hills Region: Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu
• Zone 11 – East Coast Plains and Hills Region: Orissa, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and Pondicherry
• Zone 12 – West Coast Plains and Ghat Region: Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Goa, Karnataka, Maharashtra
• Zone 13 – Gujarat Plains and Hills Region: Gujarat
• Zone 14 – Western Dry Region: Rajasthan
• Zone 15 – The Islands Region: Andaman and Nicobar, Lakshadweep
Western
Himalayan Region :
Soil : Skelatal Soil A horizon ,
Podsolisoi Redor aterite soil , hilly brown soil .
climate : Cool & Humid
& Potato Hort Apple Apricot Pears
Imp Crop : Wheat ,
Maize ,
Paddy . : , ,
Temp Ay : 5 to 30 ° Alluvial Soil:
Soi Form from
Eastern
2
Himalayan Region : Water .
·
High Rainfall &
High Forest Cover
.
[Region wise MP State wise
high
/3 & erosion of Soil .
shifting cultivation is
practiced in
nearly cultivated area this causes
degradation
Soi : -Iluvial Soi
Climate : Humid & Sub Humid
I
Crop : Maize , , tea
Potato ,
Jute , Rapeseed
Temp : Oto 20 %
Plains
3 ower
gangetic Region :
&
· West
Bengal : mostly
°
alluvial soil.
always prone to Flood
- C
°
C
Temp : 10-20
upto 2
wheat
Crop : Rice , Jute,
Rapeseed ,
Production & (W B)
Productivity of ↑
Rice is .
Middle
Gangatic Plain
Region :
Eastern of & Bihar plains.
parts .
P
40 % total
irrigated. intensity
· is 2%
crop area
Crop
Climate Subhumid to
:
Dry
Crop : Sugarcane Paddy Maize , , ,
wheat
5
Upper Gangetic Plain
Region :
*
Irrigation efficiency :
Ratio of Amount of Water available
Remaining part of up
output to the amout of Water
Supply .
-
(input)
Crop : Rice ,
Wheat, Maize ,
Sugarcane High in Drip irrigation
irrigation intensity
· : 131 % CI : 5 %
Plain :
·
Ransganetic
irrigation intensity
~
Punjab Haryana , ,
Delhi , Rajasthan. Intensity of irrigation is defined as the
· percentage of the irrigation proposed to
Highest sown area
.
be irrigated annually. Usually the areas
Highest irrigated area
.
irrigated during each crop season (Rabi,
Highest cropping intensity. Kharif, etc) is expressed as a percentage
·
High ground water utilization .
if we have 120 it water
80 + 40 + 0
120
/100 i ,
e 100
%
Irrigation intensity
-Eastern Plateau & till
Region :
Yahastra , Up, Orissa & W B .
~
crop : Rice, Wheat , Maize
67 % Small &
marginal Farmer have 25 %
Agriland.
CentraPlateau
: en
Crop : Millet , oilseed ,
cotton , sunflower
Soil mixed : Red , Yellow , black
g Western Plateau & Hill :
Main & Some
region of M , major part of M
part of Rajastan
Netown area : 65 % 11 % Forest area 12 4 %
.
irrigated area.
by Canal .
Crop : Jowar
, Bajra
, Cotton & Wheat
50 Jowar of
Country from this
region .
% our
10 Southern Plateau & Hill :
- AP, Karnataka , TN
81 %
dry Farming .
· 111 %
cropping intensity .
This is
dryzone Agriculture.
crop : Coffee
, Cotton , cardamom
, spices
.
East Coast Plains & Hill
1
Region :
Orissa , AP &
,
N
Pondicherry
· Main Crop-Rice ,
groundnut, Ragi ,
Jowar ,
Bajra.
20 3 % .
of total nice production in India
.
·
groundnut
in India
17 5 %
. of total production .
