CBSE

(C VI CLASS
-

INGIJSH

GRAMMAR)
TENSES)
three main tenses:
There are
i The Present i) The Past iii) The Future
The tense of a verb shows t
PRESENT TENSE CHART
e time of action or event. V4
Simple Presen (Sué Vi[5 or es) I work.
is mentioned simply)
Action
Present Continuous Sub 15 /amfare+ V + (ing)1 object I am working.
Action is mentioned as incomplete or continuous)

PresentPerfect Stbt has/iave + t object I have worked.

Action is mentioned as finished, complete or perfect)
Present Perfect Continuous Csub + ha 5/havef bcern t Vit U{have béenworking.
Action is going on continuously and not completed at this present moment)
PRESENT TENSE

Simple Present Tense or Present Indefinite Tense

The Simple Present Tense is used:
bexpress what is actually taking place at the present moment; as: See, how it rains/
bexpress a habitual action; as:
He getS up everyday at six o'clock.
b express general truths; as:
The suPrisesin the east.
h vivid narrative as a substitute for the Past Tense; as:
mmediately the Sultan hurries to his capital.
This is called the historic present)
Preplan@ odfeo
b place of Future Tense when futurity is indicated by the context; as:

Wgoto Delhinext week

Structure of Simple Present:
Subject + V1/Vs (s or es)
Positive Negative (sub, + do not/ does not /V1 Interrogative
(sub+ V1/Vs) [Do/Does+ sub +V, +2)
I read. do not (don't) read. Do I read?
I
Do You/We/They read?
You/We/They read. You/We/They do not read.
He/She reads. He/She does not (doesn't) read. Does He/Shefead?
Vatid Yl
Namita reads. INamitadoes not read. Does Namitaread?De5
Ltd.
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EXERCISE-1
Fill in the blanks with is, am or are:

Thesebags...*********
heavy.

2 Look! There..3.. ...Raman.

3. My brother and I . G .
goodcricket players.
The weather 2.. nice today.
5. This bag .. not so heavy.
6. . o t tired.
Rama a t home.

8. Her children a... ..at school.

9 . a student.
10. My sister a doctor.
IL Present Continuous Tense
The Present Continuous Tense represents an action as going on at the time of speaking; as:
Shweta is singing.
Theschool boys are playing football.
I am opening the door.
I am not going to Delhi today.
What are you doing now?
When is not used with this tense unless in the sense of immediate future; as:
When are you going to school?
Certain verbs are practically never used in the Present Continuous Tense. These are mainly ven
of condition or behaviour not strictly under human control. Consequently they go on
ike it or not as:
whether
I see a man outside, he is looking at me.
Other verbs like this are:
Believe: feel (that); think (that); know; understand; remember; recollect; forget; *appose; me
pather (that), want; wish; forgive; refuse; love; hate; like, dislike
Structure of Present Continuous:
Subject+ is lam / are + V4 (V1 + ing)
Positive (Sub + am/is Negative (Sub + am
not Interrogative (Am/IsAre
are+V4) isn't/ aren't + V4) +Sub +V4+2)

am jumping am not jumping. Am I jumping?

You/WeThey are You/We/They are not Are you/ they / we
unning running. running?
He/She is writing He /She is not writing. Is he/she writing?
Raksha is cooking, Raksha is not cooking. Is Raksha cooking?

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EXERCISE-2
the sentence Use one of these verbs:
C o m p l e t e

cook
build go have stand
swim work rain watch
stay
d
he quiet. I..
Please the kichen. He......PAAMA.
e isUmesh? He is in
Where
wb i,nin the
the river. n

look!
Somebody .
IA l the Royal Hotel.
here o n oliday. We l
ho
We're Shower.
She..iAKRA. l
where's Renu? the
.new theatre in the city centre at moment.
A
They
1 Ow. Goodbye.

the moment, It is not . . ****

is nice at
The weather he ma) P r
television. I am not . it.0
turn off the
You can turm
EXERCISE 3

the appropriate form (Present

Continuous) oftheverbs given in bracket.
Fin the blanks with
. . the table (turn)
1 am
Han is .SGKATZ.. the juice suck).
d
.RA.Ag.under the cot (crawl).
Rami and Rajan .
APLZ.its tail (Wag).
The dog is
th You are LILLNMEI...on your paper (Write).
She is a . .right hand (wave).
He is p . . v e r the fence (jump).
You are kIA,. . your books (take).
You are .KA.Rg..the sweets in your mouth (put).
Stais..kig..on her dress (put).
Present Perfect Tense
as:
Re Present Perfect Tense denotes an action that has just been completed;
Thave written my essay.
Hehas worked the sum.
eriect Tense is also used instead of past tense, to represent a past action as continuing8
tod
to the present: as
e have lived here ten years (and we are still living here).
Note the
difference between:
Wehave lived here for ten
We lived here ten years, and
years.
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Structure of Present Perfect Tense:
Subject + has/ have +V3 | MP
Positive (Sub + has Negative (Sub + hasn' Interrogative (Has/Have
+

have +V3) haven't+ V3) Sub+V+2)

I have eaten. |Have I eaten?

-f2 You/we/they have gone.

He/She has done it.
I have not (haven't) eaten.
You/We/they have not gone. Have You/we/they gone?
done it?
He/She has not (hasn't) done it. | Has he/she
Sarita has taught us. Sarita has not taughtus. Has Sarita taught us?
EXERCISE-4
Fill in the blanks with the Present Perfect tense form of the verbs given in the brackets,

1. Thetrain...ute...just now. (arrive)

A....not...KiAL.A..the cinema all these years. (VISIt)
. Someone AS...IK...some crockery. (break)
l dAK.. maa1ever... .*nsnnnanasun the Taj. (see)
5 s NOU ......Met................him s0 far. (nmeet)
AA..the work even now. (finish)
My friend ... .. ...his purse. (lose)
They.AY.....my pen. (take)
Birds . . here. (fiy)l.rom
10 Rachna..hs... food. (cook)
IVPresentPerfect Continuous Tense
Sometimes an action, beginning in the past, is still continuing at the
present moment. This frequently
happens with verbs such as stay, wait, sit, stand, lie, study, learn, live, rest etc. Such verbs are rarely
found in the simple present tense because by their very nature they continue into the present.
Structure of the Present Perfect Continuous Tense:
Subject+has / have-been + V4 (V1 + ing)E
Positive(Sub +has Negative (^ub + has not been/ Interrogative (Has/Have
been/have been /V4) nfnta
have not been + V4) +Sub +been +V4 +?)
I have been waiting I have not been waiting here Have I been waiting here
her for two years. for two hours. for two hours?
You/WeThey have been
You/We/They have not been Have you/we/they been
living here for ten years. living here for ten years.
He/She has been He/She has not been
living here for ten years?
playing since 6 p.m. playing since 6 p.m.year
Has he/she been
Radha has been writing Radha has not been writing playing since 6 p.m.?45
a letter since 10 o' clock. a letter since 10o'clock. Has Radha been writing
a letter since 10 o'clock?

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NGAISH
VI CLASS CBSE
we
do not.
not suggest duration from the past, the present continuous is used but as soon as we impiy
ip between the past and now. The perfect continuous must be used: as:
r e l a t o n s h

the floor (now)

a)Heis
bying

He on Iving there for three hours. (and there hestill is)

been,

has
He since half past ten.
b) ave been here
been here for twenty minutes.
MrSinghh2s
He has been
here since Monday
Heh a sbeen
here for one day.
EXERCISE -5

the
FIl in the blanks with the Present Perfect Continuous Tense ofthe verbs given in brackets.
4bthas/have henaV 4 1ng + h C
English fortwo years. (study)
e cad

s. taitaa. in thisschool for several years. (teach)

He
in this flat since 2000. (live)
c..lg.
three hours. (rain)
. a d . . .for
t
Cav.a.AA for
seven hours. (work)
They
and 'for"
Use of'since
Since'meansfrom some dehnite pont or period in thepasttill now
a noun or phrase denotingsenme point.oftime inthe past.It
ispreceded by a
Since is used before
as:
verb in the present perfect tense;
Mae
l have not seen Sanjay since 10th May.
She has been ill since Tuesday. For'means
"a length of time till now."
used with all the tenses; as:
Far is used before a noun or phrase denoting a period of time and is
I shallstay here for a week.
They were there for ten days
EXERCISE -6
Fl In the blanks with since or for:
E has been here AE last Monday.
as been on the phone . MC.. twenty minutes.
have been in this town ...
ave
A... 1967.
You have been
Kaman has been on
married... S I X years.

holiday . .LG...last Friday.

 VI CLASS CH
ENGLISHD
2. PAST TENSE
PAST TENSE CHART
I worked.
1. Simple Pase ueay
Past Continuous Su1 was/nev el Výe 1igwas working
T had worked.
3. Past Perfect Sub hed V h been
working.
4. Past Perfect Continuous Své Aro den + J had
I. Simple Past Tense Y
Srimpe rs SubrV
The Simple Past Tense is used:
feast ho
as:
(a) to denote a single action in the past;
Sachin again scored a century.
The ship sailed yesterday.
in the past; as ogregieSu6thd t éten
(b) To denote an action going
on
Past Perbet nt
While they danced, we sang.
as:
in the past;
habitual action
(c) Todenote a
hours everyday.
Hestudied many Past Tense
the Simple
Structure of + V1 +?)
Sub V2
np Interrogative
(Did +Sub
t+
+ didn't
+ V)|
V1)
V2) Negative (Sub Did he/theyjump?
+
Pesitive (Sub not (didn')jump.
/He/They did
VHe They jumped. EXERCISE - 7
chart.
sentences from the following last month
Make six in Delhi
last year
here
was
He in school yesterday
She three weeks ago
in Haryana
We two years ago
were
in Hospital
You a long time ago
there
They
A.
ahi last math
He as heflagt yoay
e as yesttesy
Horyana ea /2als
1you svere1 Hoptal yes ago
hey ere tihare a fong fi 4g0
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 ( ( V ICLASS-CBSE
NGTS
EXERCISE-8
am/is/are (present) or was/were (past):
in
Put
Lyear
she .. d sssev. 10. so she *esasalevis*rsesyssrinessss T1 now.

ao .hungry. Can I have something to eat?

1 i n the garden
here. ssass.LnC Cnildren? "I don't know. They ..KE.
ten mnutes ago."

Today the weather.... . n i c e , but yesterday it . S. Oy

this morning but I .

tired last night.

I eel fine
.

Where NGI. . you at 11 o'clock last Friday morning

new shirt.. . . It expensive?
1 Ekeyour
wear tho
wear those shoes? These. N2. . . very expensive
Don' they
last year I .. . . n Goa.
This time
1/
auss***ser
in school today morning.
They
EXERCISE 9

Completethe sentences. Use one of these verbs in the past simple:

clean die open inish
enjoy want
ppen
rain start stay
in the room, sol . AENGa... the window.
was hot
******************** my teeth twice yesterday

Theshop. .. .. at 9 a.m. yesterday.

o... at 6 in the evening.

match.
t0 be a doctor.
always. .
is a nice day but yesterday
it ..
..aR..allday.
. ast Sunday afternoon.
The accident.
. when she was 90 years old.
Shiela's grandmother..
We a . . . . Our holiday last year.
. . at Grand Hotel when we went to Kolkata.
0 We. ..
EXERCISE- 10

Write the past simple of the following verbs:

snsrn gdio*somo***********

sVsvri* ********

play AAA..
************

sit. w**********4**

Duy A... *** ******** **

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 VICLASSCBS
GAISIH
g0
thinkoAA.
Copy
know .

put
12. speak s

Past Continuous Tense of time n the past;as

on at some point
an action as going
continuous tense represents
Thepast
he called on me.
I was reading, when
yesterday at 4 O'clock.
Itwas raining heavily
Continuous Tense:
Structure of the Past
Subject+was/were +V4
(Was/Were+
Negative (Sub + sn'/Interrogative
Positive (Sub + was
Sub ++V, +?)
were+ V4) weren't+V4
not (wasn't) running.
Was I running?
was running. I was
You/We/They were not Were You/ We/They
Nou We/They were
running'?
running. running Was he/she runnings?
He/She was running He/She was not running.
Ratna was not running. Was Ratna running?
Ratna was running.

EXERCISE-11

Use the correct form of the verb:

We (watch) the shop windows when we met Vimal.

2 I (wait)outside the theatre when I saw Om.

When Vijay arrived. Soma (study).

Ae.gA.A..zeta..ta..ay.nig..
******************************************
When he saw Ramesh in the library, he (return) his books.

Aliet...ad..alnceak. .kl.htkhiar.e..nal.ahj.tai..ia
When I saw them at midnight, they (try) to find a taxi.

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 V ICLASS CBSE

EXERCISE 12
Change
the following sentences into negative:
was living in Kolkata
in July last year.
hal
ishal was

4.ticeaaa.k..kolkata...aa..Taly..laskai
al w a s talking
to Vijay at ten o'clock last night.
A Gaur 0'clock yesterday we were all drinking tea.
Akm.aisjfklklday...R. .l..e. nkitg...
A trying
to get a taxi at ten o'clock last night.
was

raining in Chennai at five o'clock last evening.

lfwas

EXERCISE -13
sentences into questions
Cange the following
crying
there.
were
They * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

**"*************** ***************

cricket.
He was playing * * * * * * * * *
******************************
* * * * * * * * * * *

s.LRfilesaiang.i.kelk..
* * * * * * * *

his homework.
He was doing *
* * * * * * * * *

******************* ******

a . h a l l g . . . d e c . h k . k .Y

Ruchi and Rubi were cooking in the kitchen.

**************** ***************

We were going to the market. *************************************************************

Past Perfect Tense as:

certain moment in the past:
The Past Perfect Tense denotes an action completed before a
He had already read this book.
had already come.
When I reached school, all the students school.
leaching had not started before he reached
Hfad the students left the school before the bell rang? way that the present perfect
The in the past in the same
Fast Perfect Tense is related to a moment an action
describes
Cdto the present moment, i.e., it
we have in mind.
eed betfore some special past moment
Siructure of the Past Perfect Tense:
Subject+had +V3 + object
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IISH VI CLASS-CBS
EXERCISE-14
Choose the correct verb from those given in brackets:
have becn doing).
He thanked me for what I..had..dare. (have done, had done,
..ahea.slantad already
started, had alreadystante
When we went to the cinema, the film
would already start.) were
(have seen, had seen, seeing
CK somewhere before?
Dd you think you...Ad. me
have been going)
before. (have gone, had gone,
to Mumbai once
not reading, had notread
(have not read,
were
They.d. .kONd. anything till night.
Past Perfect Continuous Tense a certain point in the pa
an action
that began before
Continuous Tense is used for
ThePast Perfect
and continued up to that time: as
book for two hours.
Renu had been reading last Wednesday.
continuously since
lt had been raining
to school since Tuesday.
Youhad not been going for a month.
me
Hehad not been meeting noon?
been playing since
Where had Raman Tense:
Perfect Continuous
Structure of the Past
had been + V4 (V+ ing)
Subject + EXERCISE - 15
suitable verb:
Fil in the blanks with
(slept, sleeping, sleep)
ou had been prg. illnow since morning.
month. (have been taking, had taken, had been
taking)
She a.Lakieg.sun-bath for a been driving)
driven, had driven, had
I gr.dhvibghis car for four years. (have
Or a few days. (seen, saw, seeing)
He had not b e e n . . g . .
Or three hours. (running,ran, run)
Theplayershad beenkMRAAPg.
for examination for four days? (had, have)
Ho ..he been studying
.for so many days? (lived, live, living)
Where had hebeen.1
Forms of Verbs
Examples
Verb forms
pluralnumber Come, go, laugh
Vi=base form, presenttenseand in
ed form
Came, went, laughed
form or-
V2 past tense Come, gave laughed
fom
V3=third form of verb
or- en
form
Coming, going, laughn
V4=fourth form or-ng
Comes, goes, laughs
V5-fifth form or-s/es
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 VI CLASS- CBSE
in the blanks with verb forms.
utt the error and write the incorrect as well as the correct word.
Incorrect word Correct word
as artha did not wish to enjoy the luxuries
S
life, he wants to go deep into the
o y a l life
is rroyal
ofhis
mysteries
of life. One night he leaves his comfortable (b)..
fo
palace rr the
fo the life of an ascetic in a forest. He study (c).....

systems
of philosophy but none gives him (d).... - - .

different

answers
he seeks. He thought of penance (e)...
the
a lite or severe penance. He (f)
ng undergoes
severe penance
is also useless. (g) .-
that
found
he t a k e n
to deep meditation. (h)... .

Finally, Correct word1

Incorrect word

preferred to travel by (a)..

people
These days
vehicles,
rather than walking. b)
fast moving
to be in a great hurry (c)
seemed
Everyone
B u t in this hurry, (d)..
some place.
to reached lost. (e)
valuable was
and
something great
advantages
which (
had many
Walking can match. meaningful
sentences.

transportation form
form of them to
no other given below.
Rearrange

words a n d phrases
the
L o p k at sentences.
correct
Write the
contains/ periscope
mirror/
a) two/a/ land/ o f / is / India / and / Indians / all
pilgrimages / a achievements/
are

pilerims/ / athletic /
in / Kuili
/ to / almost
/ river /
Usha's / well - known a boat / drowned

9 least / when / capsized/

labourers/ w e r e / a t
iree
Answer:

t Pyt. L t d