READING 1 4.

The author concludes that for the first decade

or more, there was not yet a true railroad system
Questions 1-11
because
(a) passenger cars were not stable, comfortable
The work of the railroad pioneers in America or large
became the basis for a great surge of railroad b) locomotives were not powerful enough
building halfway through the nineteenth century (c) schedules were unreliable and wrecks were
that linked the nation together as never before. frequent
Railroads eventually became the nation’s number (d) lines were relatively short and not usually
one transportation system, and remained so until linked
the construction of the interstate highway system
halfway through the twentieth century. They were 5. The word “schedules” in line 23 is closest in
of crucial importance in stimulating economic meaning to:
expansion, but their influence reached beyond the (a) safety procedures
economy and was pervasive in American society b) employees
at large. By 1804, English as well as American (c) timetables
inventors had experimented with steam engines (d) railroad tracks
for moving land vehicles. In 1920, John Stevens
ran a locomotive and cars around in a circular 6 Which of the following is NOT true about the
track on his New Jersey estate, which the public 1830’s and 1840’s (line 24)
saw as an amusing toy. And in 1825, after
(a) passenger cars became larger
opening a short length of track, the Stockton to
(b) schedules were reliable
Darlington Railroad in England became the first
(c) locomotives became more powerful
line to carry general traffic. American
(d) tracks were heavier
businesspeople, especially those in the Atlantic
coastal region who looked for better 7. The word “stable” in line 26 is closest in
communication with the West, quickly became meaning to
interested in the English experiment. \
(a) fixed
1. The word “stimulating” in line 5 is closest (b) supportive
in meaning to (c) reliable
a) helping (d) sound
b) changing
c) promoting 8. By what time had almost 3,000 miles of track
d) influencing been laid?

2. The word “their” in line 6 refers to (a) 1830

(a)railroad pioneers (b) 1836
(b) railroads (c) 1840
(c) the interstate highway system (d) mid-1860s
(d) American society
9. The word “surpassed” in line 29 is closest in
3 Which of the following can be inferred from meaning to
the passage?
(a) exceeded
(a) The United States regarded Great Britain (b) beaten
as a competitor in developing the most (c) overtaken
efficient railroad system (d) equaled
(b) Steam locomotive power was first used in
1832 10. Where in the passage does the author
(c) American businessmen saw railroads as a outline the main conclusions about the
threat to established businesses importance of railroads in America?
(d) Steam locomotives replaced horses because
(a) Lines 3-7
of the distances across the country
(b) Lines 14-18
(c) Lines 19-21
(d) Lines 29-31

1
11. Why does the author include details about 15 Jane Addams was inspired to open Hull
Great Britain in the passage? House because:
(a) To compare developments in both the (a) it gave educated women an opportunity to
United States and Great Britain use their education and develop careers in
(b) To illustrate the competitiveness between social work
the two countries (b) she traveled to Europe in the 1880s
(c) To show where Americans got their ideas (c) she visited Toynbee Hall
and technology from (d) she was invited by a ‘settlement house’in
(d) To provide a more complete historical Chicago
context Question 12-19 16 The word “their” in line 15 refers to
The Nobel Peace Prize is awarded (a) children of working mothers
annually and the first woman to win this prize (b) middle-class women
was Baroness Bertha Felicie Sophie von Suttner (c) visiting nurses
in 1905. In fact, her work inspired the creation of (b) labor union members
the Prize. The first American woman to win this
prize was Jane Addams, in 1931. However, 17 The word “contemporaries” in line 18 is
Addams is best known as the founder of Hull closest in meaning to
House. Jane Addams was born in 1860, into a (a) people of the same time
wealthy family. She was one of a small number of (b) famous people still alive
women in her generation to graduate from (c) elected officials
college. (d) people old enough to vote
12. With which of the following subjects is 18 According to the passage, Jane
the passage mainly concerned? Addams’reputation was damaged when she
(a) The first award of the Nobel Peace (a) allowed Hull House to become a meeting
Prize to an American woman place for clubs and labor unions
(b) A woman’s work for social reform (b) joined in the movement for
and world peace women’s suffrage
(c) The early development of Social Work (c) became a founding member of the
in America NAACP
(d) Contributions of educated women to (d) opposed America’s involvement in World
American society War I
13. Which of the following can be inferred 19 Where in the passage does the author mention
from the passage? the services provided by Hull House?
(a) the work of Baroness Bertha Felicie (a) lines 5-10
Sophie von Suttner was an inspiration to Jane (b) lines 10-15
Addams (c) lines 15-20
(b) Jane Addams is most famous for (d) lines 20-25
her opening of Hull House
(c) those who lived near Hull House had very
poor literacy skills
(d) Jane addams considered herself as a
citizen of the world rather than of one
particular country

14. The word “commitment” in line 6 is closest in

meaning to

(a) involvement
(b) obligation
(c) dedication
(d) enthusiasm

2
 Though they were not trained naturalists, Questions 20-29
Meriwether Lewis and William Clark in
their explorations of North America in the The medieval artists didn’t know about
early nineteenth century came across perspective; they didn’t want to make their people
look like real, individual people in a real,
enough unfamiliar birds, mammals, and
individual scene. They wanted to show the truth,
reptiles to fill a zoo. the eternal quality of their religious stories. So
these artists didn’t need to know about
1. What does the passage mainly discuss?
perspective. In the European Renaissance period,
(A) President Jefferson's pets
artists wanted to show the importance of the
(B) Collector's techniques for capturing individual person and his or her possessions and
wildlife surroundings. A flat medieval style couldn’t show
(C) Discovery of animal species by Lewis this level of reality and the artists needed a new
and Clark technique. It was the Italian artist Brunelleschi
(D) Jobs for trained naturalists who discovered the technique of perspective
drawing. At first the artists of the Renaissance
2. "In keeping with" in line 3 could best be only had single-point perspective. Later they
replaced by which of the following? realized that they could have two-pointed
(A) Following \
perspective and still later multi-point perspective.
(B) Managing
With two-point perspective they could turn an
(C) Retaining
object (like a building) at an angle to the picture
(D) Delaying
and draw two sides of it.
3. It can be inferred from the passage that 20. The passage mainly discusses
President Jefferson ordered Lewis and Clark
to (a) the difference between medieval
(A) bring back animals for a zoo and Renaissance art
(B) train to be naturalists (b) how the technique of perspective
(C) compile sketches for a book influenced the modern art
(D) record newly discovered species of (c) the discovery of the technique of
animals perspective
(d) the contribution of Renaissance artists
4. In line 8, what does the word "they" refer to?
(A) Lewis and Clark 21. The word “eternal” in line 3 is closest in
(B) Dinosaur bones meaning to
(C) Mythological monsters
(D) Western dwellers (a) timeless
(b) infinite
5. The author compares which of the following (c) frequent
animals to mythological monsters? (d) constant
(A) The grizzly bear 22. According to the passage, which is the main
(B) The prairie dog concern for medieval artists?
(C) A tropical bird
(D) A poisonous reptile (a) the individual person and his/her
possessions and surroundings
6. According to the passage, Lewis and (b) real people, real scenes
Clark poured water into a prairie dog's (c) eternal timeless truth of the earth
burrow because they wanted to (d) themes of religious stories
(A) bathe the animal
(B) capture the animal 23. The discovery of perspective was the result of
(C) give the animal water
(D) teach the animal to float (a) Renaissance artists’ to prove that the
medieval artists could show level of
reality
(b) the need to turn an object at an angle
and draw more than one side of it
(c) the subject being shifted from religious
stories to individual person and
3
surroundings.
(d) natural evolution of human senses

4
24. The word “it” in line 12 refers to There are two main hypotheses when it comes
to explaining the emergence of modern humans.
(a) the picture
The ‘Out of Africa’ theory holds that homo
(b) perspective
sapiens burst onto the scene as a new species
(c) angle
around 150,000 to 200,000 years ago in Africa
(d) the object
and subsequently replaced archaic humans such as
25. The word “Grammar ” in line 13 is closest in the Neandertals. The other model, known as
meaning to multi-regional evolution or regional continuity,
posits far more ancient and diverse roots for our
(a) construction kind.
(b) grammatical rules
(c) rules and regulations 30. The passage primarily discusses which of the
(d) tones and volume following

26. The author’s purpose to give the example (a) Evidence that supports the “Out of
in line14-15 is to Africa” theory
(b) Two hypotheses and some evidence
(a) explain how perspective work in painting on the human origins debate
(b) support two-pointed perspective (c) The difficulties in obtaining
(c) illustrate that there are exceptions agreement among theorists on the human
about perspective origins debate
(d) point out that the technique of perspective (d) That fossils remain very much a part of
though seems so natural is an invented the human origins debate
technique
31. The word “emergence” in line 1 is closest
27. The following artists’ priorities in style in meaning to
shift away from perspective except
(a) complexity
(a) Crivelli (b) development
(b) Cezanne (c) appearance
(c) Japanese artists (d) decline
(d) Brunelleschi
32. The word “proponents” in line 6 is closet in
28. The word ”Illusion” in line 25 is closest in meaning to
meaning to
(a) experts
(a) deception (b) advocates
(b) photograph (c) inspectors
(c) decoration (d) historians
(d) illustration
33. All of the following are true except
29. It can be inferred from the passage
that Renaissance artists (a) three methods of gathering evidence are
mentioned in the passage
(a) embraced the medieval style of eternal truth (b) the multi-regional model goes back further
(b) needed to develop a new approach in history.
towards painting to show a new level of (c) the Out of Africa model has had
reality more support from scholars
(c) were inspired by vertical and (d) DNA studies offer one of the best ways
horizontal surfaces in inventing the in future to provide clear evidence.
technique of perspective
(d) saw two dimensional design more 34. The word “slim” in line 14 is closest in
important than a feeling of depth meaning to

(a) small
(b) narrow
(c) thin
(d) difficult

5
35. Which of the following is not true been implemented since ancient times, most
management scholars trace the beginning of
(a) the vast majority of genetic studies
have focused on living populations
(b) early modern human skulls all support the
same conclusions
(c) both hypotheses focus on Africa as
a location for the new species.
(d) early modern Australian skulls
have similarities to those from
Indonesia.

36. In line 18, the word “their ” refers to which

of the following

(a) Middle Easterners and Africans

(b) skulls
(c) central Europeans and Australians
(d) traits

37. Which of the following is NOT true about

the two hypotheses

(a) Both hypotheses regard Neandertals to

be the predecessors of modern humans
(b) Genetic studies have supported both
hypotheses
(c) Both hypotheses cite Africa as
an originating location.
(d) One hypothesis dates the emergence
of homo sapiens much earlier than the
other.

38. It can be inferred from the passage that

(a) there is likely to be an end to the debate

in the near future
(b) the debate will interest historians to
take part in
(c) the debate is likely to be less important
in future
(d) there is little likelihood that the debate
will die down

39. According to the passage, the multi-regional

evolution model posits far more diverse roots
for our kind becausE
(a) Evidence from examinations of early modern
human skulls has come from a number of
different parts of the world
(b) DNA from Neandertal appears to
support multi-regionalis
(c) Populations in different regions were
linked through genetic and cultural exchang
(d) This has been supported by fossil evidence

Questions 40-50

Although management principles have

6
modern management thought back to the early
1900s, beginning with thepioneering work of
Frederick Taylor (1856-1915). Taylor was the
first person to study work scientifically. He is
most famous for introducing techniques of time
and motion study, differential piece rate systems,
and for systematically specializing the work of
operating employees and managers. Along with
other pioneers such as Frank and Lillian Gilbreth,

40. What is the passage primarily about?

(a) The limitations of pioneering studies

in understanding human behavior
(b) How time and motion studies were
first developed
(c) The first applications of a scientific
approach to understanding human
behavior
(d) The beginnings of modern
management theory

41. The word “ which” in line 9 refers to

(a) scientific management

(b) philosophy
(c) productivity
(d) time and motion study

42. It can be inferred from the first paragraph that

(a) workers welcomed the application

of scientific management
(b) Talor’s philosophy is different from
the industrial norms
(c) by the early 1900s science had reached
a stage where it could be applied to the
workplace
(d) workers were no longer exploited after
the introduction of scientific management.

43. The word “prevailing” in line 10 is closest

in meaning to

(a) predominant
(b) broadly accepted
(c) prevalent
(d) common

44. According to the passage, Frank Gilbreth

discovered how workers could eliminate
waste motion by

(a) using special tools such as cameras

and clocks
(b) using stop watches
(c) applying scientific management principles
(d) watching his children do their chores
7
45. The basic motions used in production jobs
were given which one of following names by
Frank Gilbreth? READING 2
(a) dimensions The Alaska pipeline starts at the frozen edge
(b) gilreths
of the Arctic Ocean. It stretches southward across
(c) therbligs
(d) monitors the largest and northernmost state in the United
States, ending at a remote ice-free seaport village
46. According to the passage, the time it takes a nearly 800 miles from where it begins. It is
skilled worker to perform the motion of a given massive in size and extremely complicated to
job can be measured by using:
operate The steel pipe crosses windswept plains
(a) stop watches and endless miles of delicate tundra that tops the
(b) all 5 work dimensions frozen ground. It weaves through crooked
(c) special tools canyons, climbs sheer mountains, plunges over
(d) therbligs rocky crags, makes its way through thick forests,
47. The word “motions” in line 20 is closest in and passes over or under hundreds of rivers and
meaning to streams.

(a) stop watches 1. The passage primarily discusses

(b) habits the pipeline's
(c) actions A. operating costs
(d) special tools
B. employees
48. Where in the passage does the author
C. consumers
comment that the principles of scientific
management were often misunderstood? D. construction

(a) Lines 1-5 2. The word "it" in line 5 refers to

(b) Lines 6-10 A. pipeline
(c) Lines 11-15
(d) Lines 16-20 B. ocean
C. state
49. The word “dimensions” in line 24 is
D. village
closest in meaning to
3. According to the passage, 84 million
(a) sizes gallons of oil can travel through the
(b) extents pipeline each
(c) aspects A. day
(d) standards
B. week
50. All of the following are true except C. month
(a) scientific management was concerned D. year
with productivity.
4. The phrase "Resting on" in line 15 is
(b) the beginnings of modern
closest in meaning to
management thought commenced in the
19th century. A. consisting of
(c) Frank Gilbreth’s fame was enhanced B. supported by
by two of his children writing a book.
(d) analyzing work to increase productivity is C. passing under
not likely to be useful unless all of the D. protected with
dimensions are considered.

8
5. The author mentions all of the following
as important in determining the
pipeline's route EXCEPT the Reading
A. climate THE SUN
B. lay of the land itself
When we accept the evidence of our
C. local vegetation D. Line 37
D. kind of soil and rock
6. The word "undertaken" in line 31 is
closest in meaning to
A. removed
B. selected
C. transported
D. attempted
7. How many companies shared the costs
of constructing the pipeline?
A. three
B. four
C. eight
D. twelve
8. The word "particular" in line 35 is
closest in meaning to
A. peculiar
B. specific
C. exceptional
D. equal
9. Which of the following determined what
percentage of the construction costs
each member of the consortium would
pay?
A. How much oil field land each
company owned
B. How long each company had
owned land in the oil fields
C. How many people worked for
each company
D. How many oil wells were
located on the company's land
10. Where in the passage does the author
provide a term for an earth covering
that always remains frozen?
A. Line 4
B. Line 15
C. Line 23
9
unaided eyes and describe the Sun as a
yellow star, we have summed up the most
important single fact about it-at this moment
in time.
It appears probable, however, that
sunlight will be the color we know for only
a negligibly small part of the Sun's history.
Stars, like individuals, age and change. As
we look out into space, We see around us
stars at all stages of evolution. There are
faint blood-red dwarfs so cool that their
surface temperature

1. What is the passage mainly about?

(A) Faint dwarf stars
(B) The evolutionary cycle of the Sun
(C) The Sun's fuel problem
(D) The dangers of invisible radiation

2. What does the author say is especially

important about the Sun at the present
time?
(A) It appears yellow
(B) It always remains the same
(C) It has a short history
(D) It is too cold

3. Why are very hot stars referred to as

"ghosts"?
(A) They are short- lived.
(B) They are mysterious.
(C) They are frightening.
(D) They are nearly invisible.

4. According to the passage as the Sun

continues to age, it is likely to become
what color?
(A) Yellow (B) Violet
(C) Red (D) White

5. In line 15, to which of the following

does "it" refer?
(A) yellow "hump" (B) day
(C) Sun (D) hydrogen
fuel

SUBURB
If by "suburb" is meant an urban
margin that grows more rapidly than its
already developed interior, the process of
suburbanization began during the emergence
of the industrial city in the second quarter of
the nineteenth century. Before that period
the city was a small highly compact cluster
in which people moved about on
10
foot and goods were conveyed by horse and cart. NORTH AMERICA
But the early factories built in the 1830's and
1840's were located along waterways and near The first English attempts to colonize North
railheads at the edges of cities, and housing was America were controlled by individuals rather
needed for the thousands of people drawn by the than companies. Sir Humphrey Gilbert was the
prospect of employment. In time, the factories first Englishman to send colonists to the New
were surrounded by proliferating mill towns of World. His initial expedition, which sailed in
apartments and row houses that abutted the older, 1578 with a patent granted by Queen Elizabeth
main cities. was defeated by the Spanish. A second attempt
ended in disaster in 1583, when Gilbert and his
1. Which of the following is the best title for ship were lost in a storm. In the following year,
the passage? Gilbert's half brother, Sir Water Raleigh, having
(A) The growth of Philadelphia obtained a renewal of the patent, sponsored an
(B) The Origin of the Suburb expedition that explored the coast of the region
(C) The Development of City that he named "Virginia." Under Raleigh's
Transportation direction efforts were then made to establish a
(D) The Rise of the Urban Middle Class colony on Roanoke island in 1585 an6 1587. The
survivors of the first settlement on Roanoke
2. The author mentions that areas bordering returned to England in 1586, but the second group
the cities have grown during periods of of colonists disappeared without leaving a trace.
(A) industrialization 1. Which of the following would be the most
(B) inflation appropriate title for the passage?
(C) revitalization (A) The Regulation of Trading Companies
(D) unionization (B) British - Spanish Rivalry in the New
World
3. In line 10 the word "encroachment" refers (C) Early Attempts at Colonizing
to which of the following? North America
(A) The smell of the factories (D) Royal Patents Issued in the 16th
(B) The growth of mill towns Century
(C) The development of waterways
(D) The loss of jobs 2. The passage states which of the following
about the first English people to be involved in
4. Which of the following was NOT mentioned establishing colonies in North America?
in the passage as a factor in nineteenth-century (A) They were requested to do so by Queen
suburbanization? Elizabeth.
(A) Cheaper housing (B) They were members of large
(B) Urban crowding trading companies.
(C) The advent of an urban middle class (C) They were immediately successful.
(D) The invention of the electric streetcar (D) They were acting on their own.
5. It can be inferred from the passage that 3. According to the passage, which of the
after 1890 most people traveled around following statements about Sir Humphrey
cities by Gilbert is true?
(A) automobile (A) He never settled in North America.
(B) cart (B) His trading company was given a patent
(C) horse-draw trolley by the queen.
(D) electric streetcar (C) He fought the Spanish twice.
(D) He died in 1587.
6. Where in the passage does the author describe
the cities as they were prior to 4. When did Sir Walter Raleigh's initial
suburbanization. expedition set out for North America?
(A) Lines 3-5 (A) 1577 (B) 1579
(B) Lines 5-9 (C) 1582 (D) 1584
(C) Lines 12- 13
(D) Lines 15-18

11
5. Which of the following can be inferred from 3. The author compares a sea anemone's
the passage about members of the first Roanoke tentacles to a flower's.
settlement? (A) stem
(A) They explored the entire coastal region. (B) petals
(B) Some did not survive. (C) leaves
(C) They named the area "Virginia". (D) roots
(D) Most were not experienced sailors.
4. It can be inferred from the passage that
6. According to the passage, the first English hydras
settlement on Roanoke Island was (A) were named after a flower
established in (B) are usually found in Australia
(A) 1578 (B) 1583 (C) prey on sea anemones
(C) 1585 (D) 1587 (D) are related to sea anemones
7. According to the passage, which of; 5. It can be inferred from the passage that
the following statements about the sea anemones are usually found
second settlement on Roanoke Island is (A) attached to stationary surfaces
true? (B) hidden inside cylindrical objects
(A) Its settlers all gave up and returned to (C) floating among underwater flowers
England. (D) searching for food
(B) It lasted for several years.
(C) The fate of its inhabitants is
unknown.
(D) It was conquered by the Spanish.

READING 6. The word "capture" in line 8 is closest in

RADIANT meaning to
(A) catch
With its radiant color and plantlike shape, the (B) control
sea anemone looks more like a flower than an (C) cover
animal. More specifically, the sea anemone is (D) clean
formed quite like the flower for which it is named,
with a body like a stem and tentacles like petals in 7. The word "retracts" in line 11 is closest
brilliant shades of blue, green, pink, and red. Its in meaning to
diameter varies from about six millimeters in (A) pulls back
some species to more than ninety centimeters in (B) relaxes
the giant varieties of Australia. Like corals, (C) reproduces
hydras, and jellyfish, sea anemones are (D) lifts up
coelenterates. They can move slowly, but more
often they attach the lower part of their cylindrical 8. According to the passage, when a sea
bodies to rocks, shells, or wharf pilings. 'The anemone is bothered it
(A) hides under a rock
1. Which of the following is the main topic of (B) alters its shape
the passage? (C) changes colors
(A) The varieties of ocean life (D) ejects a poisonous substance
(B) The characteristics of the sea anemone
(C) A comparison of land and sea anemones 9. The sea anemone reproduces by
(D) The defenses of coelenterates (A) budding only
(B) forming eggs only
2. The work "shape" in line 1 is closest (C) budding or dividing only
in meaning to (D) budding, forming eggs, or dividing
(A) length
(B) grace
(C) form
(D) nature

12
10. Based on the information in the passage, all 16. It can be inferred from the passage that
of the following statements about sea Kasten makes instant prints to
anemones are true EXCEPT that they (A) give away
(A) are usually tiny (B) sell as souvenirs
(B) have flexible bodies (C) include as part of the construction
(C) are related to jellyfish (D) see what the construction looks like at
(D) arc usually brightly colored that stage
11. Where does the author mention the, sea 17. The word "composition" in line 12 is closest
anemone's food-gathering technique? in meaning to
(A) Lines 1-2 (A) arrangement
(B) Lines 4-6 (B) brightness
(C) Lines 7-10 (C) quality
(D) Lines 11-14 (D) size

18. The word "them" in line 12 refers to

Questions 12-23 (A) prints
BARBARA KASTEN (B) lights
(C) objects
Barbara Kasten is an artist who makes (D) filters
photographs of constructions that she creates for
the purpose of photographing them. In her studio 19. The word "shots" in line 16 is closest in
she arranges objects such as mirrors, solid forms, meaning to
and flat surfaces into what could be called large (A) injections
still life arrangements, big enough to walk into (B) photographs
.She lights the construction, then rearranges and (C) loud noises
rephotographs it until she arrives at a final image. (D) effective remarks
She also photographs away from her studio at
various architectural sites, bringing camera, lights 20. The word "they" in line 17 refers to
12. What does the passage mainly discuss? (A) architectural styles
(A) The techniques of a photographer (B) sketches
(B) The advantages of studio photography (C) colored filters
(C) Industrial construction sites (D) lights
(D) An architect who appreciates fine art
21. Why does Kasten visit the location of outdoor
13. Which of the following would be an work before the day of the
example of one of the "constructions" actual shooting?
referred to (A) To plan the photograph
in line 1? (B) To purchase film and equipment
(A) A still life arrangement (C) To hire a crew
(B) Natural landscapes (D) To test the lights
(C) An instant color print
(D) A colored filter 22. How is Kasten's studio work different
from her work at architectural sites ?
14. In line 2, why does the author mention (A) She does not use lights outdoors.
mirrors? (B) Her work outdoors is
(A) They are part of the camera. more unpredictable.
(B) Kasten uses them as subjects. (C) She works alone outdoors.
(C) The crew needs them. (D) She makes more money from her work
(D) Photography mirrors life. outdoors .
15. The word "transform" in line 6 is closest in
meaning to
(A) move
(B) extend
(C) change
(D) interpret
13
23. Where in the passage does the author 28. she remembered their joy together.
suggest that the constructions that Kasten A. Dejectedly
photographs are life-sized? B. Worried
(A) Lines2-4 C. Tearfully
(B) Lines 5-7 D. Happily
(C) Lines 12- 14 E. Sorrowfully
(D) Lines 16-I7

MARIE CURIE 29. Her began to fade when she returned to

the Sorbonne to succeed her husband.
Marie Curie was one of the most A. misfortune
accomplished scientists in history. Together with B. anger
her husband, Pierre, she discovered radium, an C. wretchedness
element widely used for treating cancer, and D. disappointment
studied uranium and other radioactive substances. E. ambition
Pierre and Marie's amicable collaboration later
helped to unlock the secrets of the atom. 30. Even though she became fatally ill from
Marie was born in 1867 in Warsaw, working with radium, Marie Curie was never
Poland, where her father was a professor of .
physics. At the early age, she displayed a brilliant A. troubled
mind and a blithe personality. Her great B. worried
exuberance for learning prompted her to continue C. disappointed
with her studies after high school. She became D. sorrowful
disgruntled, however, when she learned that the E. disturbed
university in
BOTANY
24. The Curies' collaboration helped to
unlock the secrets of the atom. Botany, the study of plants, occupies a
A. friendly peculiar position in the history of human
B. competitive
knowledge. For many thousands of years it was
C. courteous
D. industrious the one field of awareness about which humans
E. chemistry had anything more than the vaguest of insights. It
is impossible to know today just what our Stone
25. Marie had a bright mind and a personality. Age ancestors knew about plants, but from what
A. strong we can observe of pre-industrial societies that still
B. lighthearted exist, a detailed learning of plants and their
C. humorous
properties must be extremely ancient. This is
D. strange
E. envious logical. Plants are the basis of the food pyramid
for all living things, even for other plants. They
26. When she learned that she could not attend have always been enormously important to the
the university in Warsaw, she felt . welfare of peoples, not only for food, but also for
A. hopeless clothing, weapons, tools, dyes: medicines, shelter,
B. annoyed and a great many other purposes. Tribes living
C. depressed
D. worried today in the jungles of the Amazon recognize
E. none of the above literally hundreds of plants and know many
properties of each. To them botany, as such, has
27. Marie by leaving Poland and traveling to no name and is probably not even recognized as a
France to enter the Sorbonne. special branch of "Knowledge at all.
A. challenged authority
B. showed intelligence
C. behaved
D. was distressed
E. answer not available in article

14
1. Which of the following assumptions about (D) The changing diets of early humans
early humans is expressed in the passage?
(A) They probably had
extensive knowledge of
plants.
(B) They thought there was no need to
cultivate crops.
(C) They did not enjoy the study of botany.
(D) They placed great importance on the
ownership of property.

2. What does the comment "This is logical" in

line 6 mean?
(A) There is no clear way to determine
the extent of our ancestor’s
knowledge of plants.
(B) It is not surprising that early humans
had a detailed knowledge of plants.
(C) It is reasonable to assume that
our ancestors behaved very much
like people in preindustrial
societies.
(D) Human knowledge of plants is well
organized and very detailed.

3. According to the passage, why has

general knowledge of botany begun to
fade?
(A) People no longer value plants as a
useful resource.
(B) Botany is not recognized as a
special branch of science.
(C) Research is unable to keep up with the
increasing numbers of plants.
(D) Direct contact with a variety
of plants has decreased.

4. In line 16, what is the author’s purpose in

mentioning "a rose, an apple, or an
orchid"?
(A) To make the passage more poetic
(B) To cite examples of plants that
are attractive
(C) To give botanical examples that
all readers will recognize
(D) To illustrate the diversity of
botanical life

5. According to the passage, what was the first

great step toward the practice of
agriculture?
(A) The invention of agricultural
implements and machinery
(B) The development of a system of
names for plants
(C) The discovery of grasses that could
be harvested and replanted
15
6. The relationship between botany and (C) Exaggerate the worth of
agriculture is similar to the relationship (D) Earn a living on
between zoology (the study of animals)
and
(A) deer hunting
(B) bird watching
(C) sheep raising
(D) horseback riding

7. In which lines in the passage does the

author describe the beneficial properties
that plants have for humans?
(A) Lines 1-2
(B) Lines 7-9
(C) Lines 11-12
(D) Lines 14-16

THE AGRICULTURAL

The agricultural revolution in the

nineteenth century involved two things: the
invention of labor-saving machinery and. the
development of scientific agriculture. Labor -
saying machinery, naturally appeared, first where
labor was 8carce. "In Europe," said, Thomas
Jefferson, the object is to make the most of: their
land, labor being abundant;. here it, is to make
the most of our labor, land being abundant. It was
in America, therefore, that the great advances in
nineteenth - century agricultural machinery first
came.

1. What is the main topic of the passage?

(A) The need for agricultural advances
to help feed a growing population
(B) The development of safer
machines demanded by the labor
movement
(C) Machinery that contributed to
the agricultural revolution
(D) New Jersey as a leader in
the agricultural revolution

2. The word "naturally" as used in line 3 is

closest in meaning to which of the following?
(A) Gradually
(B) Unsurprisingly
(C) Apparently
(D) Safely

3. The expression "make the most of" in line 4

is closest in meaning to which of the
following?
(A) Get the best yield from
(B) Raise the price of
16
4. Which of the following can be inferred (D) How Kohoutek was tracked
from what Thomas Jefferson said?
(A) Europe was changing more quickly 2. Why was Kohoutek referred to as "the comet
than America. of the century"?
(B) Europe had greater need of (A) It was thought to be extremely old.
farm machinery than America (B) It passes the Earth once a century.
did. (C) Scientists predicted it would be
(C) America was finally running out very bright.
of good farmland. (D) Scientists have been tracking it for a
(D) There was a shortage of workers century.
on American farms.
3. In what respect was Kohoutek a
5. It can be inferred that the word "here' in line disappointment?
4 refers to (A) It could be seen only through
(A) Europe (B) America special equipment.
(C) New Jersey (D) Indiana (B) It did not approach the Earth.
(C) It did not provide valuable scientific
6. What point is the author making by stating information.
that farmers could carry nearly all their tools (D) It was moving too rapidly for scientists
On their backs? to photograph.
(A) Farmers had few tools before
the agricultural revolution. 4. Before the investigation of Kohoutek,
(B) Americans were traditionally self where had methyl cyanide been known to
- reliant. exist?
(C) Life on the farm was extremely (A) In comets
difficult. (B) On asteroids
(D) New tools were designed to be (C) Between Jupiter and Neptune
portable. (D) Beyond the Earth's solar system
7. Why did farmers reject Newbold's plow? 5. According to the passage, what is one
(A) Their horses were frightened by it. major component of Jupiter?
(B) They preferred lighter tools. (A) Hydrogen cyanide
(C) It was too expensive. (B) Methyl cyanide
(D) They thought it would ruin the land. (C) Hydrogen
(D) Ammonia
THE COMENT 6. What aspect of Kohoutek did scientists find
most interesting?
It was not "the comet of the century experts (A) Its shape
predicted it might be. Nevertheless, Kohoutek had (B) Its composition
provided a bonanza of scientific information. It (C) Its orbit
was first spotted 370 million miles from Earth, by (D) Its size
an astronomer who was searching the sky for
asteroids, and after whom the comet was named. 7. Which of the following questions is best
answered by information gained from
Scientists who tracked Kohoutek the ten months
Kohoutek?
before it passed the Earth predicted the comet (A) Where were comets formed?
would be a brilliant spectacle. But Kohoutek fell (B) When were comets formed?
short of these predictions, disappointing millions (C) When was the solar system formed?
of amateur sky watchers, when it proved too pale (D) How was the solar system formed?
to be seen with the unaided eye\

1. What is the subject of the passage? Amelia Earhart was born in Kansas in
(A) What was learned from Kohoutek 1897. Thirty one years later, she received a
(B) What was disappointing about phone call that would change her life. She
Kohoutek was invited to become the first woman
(C) Where Kohoutek was spotted passenger to cross the Atlantic Ocean in a
17
plane. The flight took more than 20 hours
–

18
 about three times longer than it routinely \ 39. The word “massive” in line 25 is closest in
meaning to
(A) substantial (B) general
32. With which of the following subjects is (C) large (D) careful
the passage mainly concerned?
40. It may be inferred from the passage that
(A) The history of aviation Amelia Earhart
(B) The tragic death of the queen of air
(C) Achievements of early aviation pioneers (A) would not have developed her love of flying if
(D) The achievements of a pioneering she had not been invited to become the first
aviatrix woman passenger to cross the Atlantic in a plane.
(B) Would have continued to seek new
33. According to the passage, which of the adventures and records to break if she had
following statements about Earhart is NOT not died at the age of 39.
true? (C) became too confident and took too many risks
(A) She wrote a book about her solo to be able to live to old age.
nonstop flight across the Atlantic, (D) did not want to return to the United States.
called 20 Hrs., 40 Min.
Question 41-50
(B) In her last adventure, she didn’t take
communication and navigation Music can bring us to tears or to our
instruments by accident, and that led feet, drive us into battle or lull us to sleep.
to the tragedy. Music is indeed remarkable in its power over
(C) She is regarded as the female all humankind, and perhaps for that very
Chare Lindbergh in aviation. reason, no human culture on earth has ever
(D) She was in her late twenties when she lived without it. From discoveries made in
took her first flight France and Slovenia even Neanderthal man,
as long as 53,000 years ago, had developed
34. According to the passage, when did surprisingly sophisticated, sweet-sounding
Amelia Earhart began her first flight flutes carved from animal bones. It is perhaps
(A) when she was 12 years old then, no accident that music should strike
(B) 1920 such a chord with the limbic system – an
(C) when she first saw an airplane ancient part of our brain, evolutionarily
(D) when she started to take flying lessons. speaking, and one that we share with much of
the animal kingdom. Some researchers even
35. The word “sensation” in line 8 is closest in propose that music came into this world long
meaning to before the human race ever did. For example,
(A) feeling (B) hit the fact that whale and human music have so
(C) excitement (D) perception much in common even though our
evolutionary paths have not intersected for
36. Amelia Earhart was called “Lady Lindy” nearly 60 million years suggests that music
because may predate humans. They assert that rather
(A) she was the undisputed queen of the air. than being the inventors of music, we are
(B) President Coolidge gave her the nickname. latecomers to the musical scene
(C) she repeated Charles Lindbergh’s feat.
(D) of her career and her physical
resemblance to Lindbergh

37. The word “undisputed” in line18 is closest in

meaning to 41. Why did the author write the passage?
(A) contemporary (B) undeceived
(A) To describe the music for some
(C) dissipated (D) undoubted
animals, including humans
(B) To illustrate the importance of music
38. The word “it” in line 20 refers to
to whales
(A) plane (B) communication
(C) To show that music is not a human or
(C) the reason (D) aviation.
even modern invention

19
(D) To suggest that music is independent of own music
life forms that use it (D) The research of musical brain will
lead to a discovery of a universal musiC
42. The word “sophisticated” in line 5 is closest
in meaning to 49. Where in the passage does the author first
(A) complex (B) intricate mention whales?
(C) well-developed (D) entangled (A) Lines 5-9 (B) Lines 10-14
(C) Lines 15-19 (D) Lines 20-24
43. The word “one” in line 7 can be replaced by
(A) the chord (B) the left brain 50. The word ‘their’ in line 25 refers to
(C) the right brain (D) the limbic system (A) Indian Ocean humpbacks
(B) Pacific Ocean humpbacks
44. According to the passage, which of the (C) all whales
following is true of humpback whales (D) whale songs
(A) their tunes are distinctively
different from human tunes The classic Neanderthals, who lived
(B) they can sing over a range of between about 70,000 and 30,000 years
seven octaves ago, shared a number of special
(C) they do not use rhyme, unlike humans characteristics. Like any biological
(D) whale songs of a particular group population, Neanderthals also showed
cannot be learned by other whale variation in the degree to which those
characteristics were expressed. Generally,
45. The word “they” in line 18 refers to
they were powerfully built, short and
(A) human composers
stocky, with the lower parts of their arms
(B) whole songs
and legs short in relation to the upper parts,
(C) octaves
as in modern peoples who live in cold
(D) whales
environments. Neanderthal skulls were
distinctive, housing brains even larger on
46. Which of the following is NOT true
average than those of modem humans,
about humpback whale music?
(A) It uses similar patterns to human songs
1. What does the passage mainly discuss?
(B) It’s comparative in length to
(A) The eating habits of the Neanderthals
symphony movements
(B) A comparison of various
(C) It’s easy to learn by other whales
prehistoric populations
(D) It’s in a form of creating a theme,
(C) The physical characteristics of the
elaborating and revisiting in
Neanderthals
rhyming refrains
(D) The effect of climate on
human development
47. The word “refrains” in line 22 is closest
in meaning to 2. The author describes the Neanderthal as being
(A) tunes all of the following EXCEPT
(B) notes (A) short (B) swift
(C) musical phrases (C) strong (D) stocky
(D) sounds

3. Which of the following most likely accounts for

48. Which of the following can be inferred the fact that the Neanderthal brain was larger
from the passage? than that of the modern human?
(A) The relatively large size of
(A) The earliest human beings came
the Neanderthal's body
from France and Slovenia
(B) The superior intelligence of the
(B) Music helped to shape the whale
Neanderthal.
brain
(C) The swelling behind the Neanderthal’s head
(C) Humpback whales imitate the way
(D) The Neanderthal's midfacial projection
human composers so in creating their

20
4. Where in the passage does the author steamships in Canada
specifically stress the contrast between the (D) To show how Canada surpassed the
Neanderthal face and that of other United States in transportation improvements
biologically related populations?
(A) Lines 1–4 (B) Lines 7–9 2. The word "reliable" in line 3 is closest in
meaning to which of the following
(C) Lines 10–11 (D) Lines 18–20 (A) Quick (B) Safe
(C) Dependable (D) Luxurious
5. Which of the following explanations is
NOT cited as a possible explanation of the
3. Which of the following can be inferred from
Neanderthal’s streamlined face shape?
the passage about stagecoach travel in Canada
(A) Some jaw muscles had limited use.
in the 1831's?
(B) The facial features were well adapted to
(A) It was reasonably comfortable.
the cold.
(B) It was extremely efficient.
(C) The front teeth were particularly important.
(C) It was not popular.
(D) The nose was set far back
(D) It was very practical.
6. The phrase "the trained eye" in line 18
most likely refers to which of the following 4. According to the passage, when was the
professionals? Welland Canal opened?
(A) An optometrist (A) 1807 (B) 1809
(B) A dentist (C) 1825 (D) 1829
(C) An anthropologist
(D) A photographer
5. The word "sum" in line 10 is closest in meaning
7. In line 20, the author uses the to which of the following?
expression "heavy tooth wear" to imply (A) Size (B) Cost
that the Neanderthals (C) Payment (D) Amount
(A) had unusually heavy teeth
6. According to the passage, steamships became
(B) used their teeth extensively
practical means of transportation in Canada
(C) regularly pulled out their teeth
because of
(D) used teeth for ornamentation
(A) improvements in the waterways
(B) large subsidies from John Molson
8. The paragraph following this passage
(C) a relatively small population
most probably discusses
(D) the lack of alternate means
(A) other features of the
Neanderthal anatomy
Jazz has been called “the art of
(B) cave painting of prehistoric time
expression set to music”, and “America’s great
(C) flora and fauna of 70,000 years ago
contribution
(D) difficulties in preserving fossils
to music”. It has functioned as popular art
and enjoyed periods of fairly widespread
Steamships were first introduced into
public
the United States in 1807, and John Molson
response, in the “jazz age” of the 1920s, in
built the first steamship in Canada(then
the “swing era” of the late 1930s and in the
called British North America) in 1809. By
peak
the 1830's dozens of steam vessels were in
popularity of modern jazz in the late 1950s.
use in Canada. They offered the traveler
reliable transportation in comfortable
1. The Passage answers which of the following
facilities-a welcome alternative to
questions?
stagecoach travel, which at the best of times
(a) Why did Ragtime, marching band music, and
the Blues lose popularity after
1. What is the main purpose of the passage?
about 1900?
(A) To contrast travel by steamship
(b) What were the origins of Jazz and how did
and stagecoach
it differ from other forms of music?
(B) To criticize the level of public debt
(c) What has been the greatest contribution of
in nineteenth - century Canada -
cornet players to music in the
(C) To describe the introduction of
twentieth century?
21
(d) Which early Jazz musicians most influenced (c) Jazz has been said to be America’s greatest
the development of Blues music? contribution to music
(d) Joe Oliver is generally considered to be the
2. According to the passage, Jazz originated in first real Jazz musician
(a) Chicago
(b) St. Louis 10. The word “its” in line 21 refers to
(c) along the Mississippi river (a) small bands
(d) New Orleans (b) earlier music
(c) men
3. The word “welded” in line 6 is closest in (d) earlier musicians
meaning to
(a) squeezed 11. Which of the following terms is defined in the
(b) bound passage?
(c) added (a) “improvisation” (line 12)
(d) stirred (b) “traditional” (line 12)
(c) “composer” (line 12)
4. Which of the following distinguished Jazz as a (d) “score” (line 14)
new form of musical expression?
(a) the use of cornets The Moon has been worshipped by
(b) “hot Jazz” primitive peoples and has inspired humans to
(c) improvisation create
(d) New Orleans everything from lunar calendars to love sonnets,
but what do we really know about it? The
5. The word “skeletal” in line 15 is closest in most accepted theory about the origin of the Moon
meaning to is that it was formed of the debris from a
(a) framework massive collision with the young Earth about 4.6
(b) musical billion years ago. A huge body, perhaps the
(c) basic size of Mars, struck the Earth, throwing out an
(d) essential immense amount of debris that coalesced and
cooled in orbit around the Earth.
6. Which of the following can be inferred from
the passage?
(a) many early Jazz musicians had poor sight 12. What is the passage primarily about?
(b) there is no slow music in Jazz (a) the Moon’s effect upon the Earth
(c) many early Jazz musicians had little formal (b) the origin of the Moon
musical training (c) what we know about the Moon and its
(d) the cornet is the most common musical differences to Earth
instrument used in Jazz (d) a comparison of the Moon and the Earth
7. The word “menial” in line 18 is closest in 13. The word “massive” in line 4 is closest in
meaning to meaning to
(a) mens (a) unavoidable
(b) attractive (a) dense
(c) degrading (b) huge
(d) skilled (c) impressive
8. According to the passage, which of the 14. The word “debris” in line 5 is closest in
following belonged to the second wave of New meaning to
Orleans Jazz musicians? (a) rubbish
(a) Louis Armstrong (b) satellites
(b) Buddy Bolden (c) moons
(c) St. Louis (d) earth
(d) Joe Oliver
15. According to the passage, the Moon is
9. All of the following are true EXCEPT (a) older than the Earth
(a) the late 1930s was called the “swing era” (b) protected by a dense atmosphere
(b) “hot Jazz” is rhythmic (c) composed of a few active volcanoes
22
(d) the primary cause of Earth’s ocean tides People of Hispanic origin were on the
North American continent centuries before
16. The word “uneven “ in line 11 is closest in settlers arrived from Europe in the early 1600s
meaning to and the thirteen colonies joined together to
(a) Heavier form
(b) Equally distributed the United States in the late 1700s. The first
(c) Orderly census of the new nation was conducted in
(d) Not uniform 1790,
and counted about four million people, most of
17. Why does the author mention “impact whom were white.
craters” in line 16?
(a) to show the result of the Moon not having 22. Why did the author write the passage?
an atmosphere (a) to outline the ways immigration has been
(b) to show the result of the Moon not having restricted
active tectonic or volcanic activity (b) to emphasize the impact of migrants from
(c) to explain why the Moon has no plant life Europe
because of meteorites (c) to explain and give examples of the concept
(d) to explain the corrosive effects of atmospheric of a “melting pot”
weathering (d) to summarize the main features of
immigration
18. The word “erase” in line 19 is closest in
meaning to 23. According to the passage, which ancestry
(a) change predominated at the time of the first census?
(b) impact (a) Native Americans
(c) obliterate (b) Negroes
(d) erupt (c) English
(d) Hispanic
19. A person on the Moon would weigh less than 24. The word “ancestry” in line 5 is closest in
on the Earth because meaning to
(a) of the composition of lunar soil (a) origins
(b) the surface gravity of the Moon is less (b) inheritance
(c) the Moon has no atmosphere (c) color
(d) the Moon has no active tectonic or volcanic (d) freedom
activity
25. The word “their” in line 5 refers to which of
20. All of the following are true about the Moon the following
EXCEPT (a) immigrants
(a) it has a wide range of temperatures (b) people of Hispanic origin
(b) it is heavier on one side than the other (c) white citizens
(c) it is unable to protect itself from meteorite (d) Native Americans
attacks
(d) it has less effect upon the tides than the
Sun

21. Which of the following can be inferred from 26. Which of the following is true, according to
the passage? the passage?
(a) the Moon is not able to support human life (a) a quota system was in place from 1908
(b) if the Moon had no gravitational influence, (b) a peak period of immigration was in the
the Earth would not have tides late 1800s and early 1900s
(c) people living in Hawaii and Arizona would (c) slaves were not counted in the first census
feel at home on the Moon (d) only those who paid taxes were included in
(d) Mars could have been formed in a similar the first census
way to the Moon
27. The number of immigrants taken in over the
100 years to 1915 was
(a) probably about 1 million
23
(b) about 35 million
(c) 8.4 million
(d) about 4 million

28. The word “concept” in line 16 is closest in

meaning to
(a) location
(b) type
(c) complexity
(d) thought

29. The word “virtually” in line 21 is closest in

meaning to
(a) effectively
(b) occasionally
(c) thoroughly
(d) undeservedly

30. Which of the following is NOT true about

immigrants
(a) they were subjected to an official quota in the
Immigration Act from 1924
(b) during the 1900s immigrants numbered 1
percent of the total population
(c) settlers of Hispanic origin arrived centuries
before those from Europe
(d) numbers began to be limited from 1921

31. Which of the following can be inferred from

the passage
(a) preserving a developing “American”
culture was a major factor leading to the
introduction of the quota system
(b) racial and ethnic assimilation did not occur as
planned
(c) racial and ethnic tensions would have
increased if the quota system had not been
introduced
(d) the quota system was introduced to limit
population growth

24
25