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Concrete
e —
Concrete is a
crucial component
widely utiired in
Cr] both residentit
and
commerciat
Sa construction
Cee ea en
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i Ort , Persie
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eee ee ee)
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Cee Ce na J
ee a Ce ee ey
es cee
Panels
‘© widely used in residential construction for Foundations, walls,
eae
ee ee ee)
eee
eT eres
Se a a ec ec
eer ee ee eer
eee ee eter oes
ee ee ae ene)
provide essential fie protection, ensuring safety in commerciat,
eee
ee en eee
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ST ce eee
eer
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Se Ce eed
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oe
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ee eee?
Bela
See ee]
een
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j _ 7
aan
Cn ee ee te tou
een ee eer ets
FS SONNE
INtcor Mr iilolN)
‘originates from Roman use of hydraulic cement-based
Ce eee
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eons
Oe eee eee eee ‘= Assists im regulating indoor temperatures, reducing energy
oe ea Re er eae
poe STE eee aca
pee ee eed
Sen eo en
prfa tees. erties. ste
Se ee Ree) Oe oe ee ee)
projects ocd
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Penne eras
Sete ee ee ee aes
eer
+ Determine concrete strength by adjusting the water-cement rato;
a Cua) Dee ee ee
ere eee ee tee or ee
area rater acy oo
+ Water Ratio, Slump Test and Fineness Modulus See ed
oe
+ hie Fora workable mix, avoiding excessive rigidity.
Prin ove
Proportioning by Arbitrary Proportions: [ da
C3) wae ee eet
+ this traditional method is common and convenient, though less (Class“A | 1: 2 | Fersipend ls. eames ache ar ale
cor I cary
Se re ae cD Sl ld
cormotea ——! | =
Seah ee er etree S07 |
= Water quantity is adjusted to achieve the desired consistency. ee a CT ns
|See eat
Ce ea Ecce
Re ee Ee eT
Peer en se
2, Add an appropriate amount of mixed aggregate to the water-
Cee ee ean eed
Ce ete eee
raking if more cost-effective. However, adequate fine aggregate
Ce eer ee rey
additional cement paste wll be requied. A well-graded aggregate
eee ee eer
See eee Es
DA Cw,
Cte i
Piste ee
Mea ean
Senet peeensberinern
Ley) eaieheed
coon Seed
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cass ceived
re eed Eeerospsnenns
COU]
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end
eee eae
Core ee erry
Ree eee
added
Entre contents of miner discharged before refi
cleaning required
Bi fll in Jo
Concrete mixture and proportions
Proportioning by Water Ratio, Slump Test, nd Fineness:
Sa eee ery
Ct ee a ee’
eee!
ee ere
eee eer eee
with @ given amount of cement and water, ensuring the desired
Pea
Sn)
aC]
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effective
ee ay
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water speckled, and continveusly tured until consistency
achieved
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ee tee en]
eee
Suitable for small projects Uke domestic construction,
coerce
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eee eee)
ae ae
Penh
Deere
ee ener a
eerie eee
Creo
eer eee ee ees
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ee ee ero
ee ee eee
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ees
De eae ae te
Cee eee
ee ener)
eee et En
Sees
eee eects)
ee ete ee eee Te
foment)
Se ee aaa ee
Peer
Concrete should be transported promplly after ming to avoid
cd
Oe eee eco ed
co)
Oe eee
Cer eas
ieee ee ed
Pree j
es
fd fll in Jo
Penh
Se
eee
loaded and discharged manually,
pee ae
Der
ener
Ce ac)
coménient for stiff workabilites
rea aa
ere eee eee
ee ne tas
Sree ee eee car)
ee et ar ee ee
id =
Bit Tro
aa
Bau cyDey
Peay
cere
‘+ Lumber forms should use partially seasoned wood fo prevent
eer
ee te nee ees
eae
ee cee oe)
eee er)
ed
Cd
See eee aS
co
Se ee eo
coy
* Construction joints created along horiontal and vertical lines
See
eee ee ee ere
Coe ema
Se Oc)
‘temperatures rapid drying, and hindering substances
Sn ee ee ee
pe eRe eae ae
ered Se)
eee a)
Rend rem
Sad ee
acy Cea
uy ee etryeons
See Ce re ct
ces
ee ace ae es
roa
ee el Bpteeeh Seiten errr net eT aen
concrete Leal lid
ee ey Aine erent
peer fee Toei Looe
Cd
Ce Oe eae
pr fr tees. Perla tenis. ste
Roce ers peer
Sree iinener res ere ey rn eee eee
poeernen ears
OCS clin (GMA (ith Co) et! Ge Spee nc ae eee
pans rn
Perry tee oars
erent seen tee erty See eee oa
cree eles
een eee ent
pieever arenes pees
Poeceers + Hydeated ine: typically comprises 10 to 15% of the cement
Beene on er Serr eo
p
eet ”@)
‘
CONCRETE |
Pino fv
~ used for measuring the consistency or workability of the Fresh
eer
Bee a te SO eee or
Ea
ee ee
ee eee ae need
Pee ee ee
Nee er ead
Pes
ee ere
Cree ec}tgp
| Catedisecanteee car
perro readies
peamnies
Perea
pone: ate
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oer
eed
‘Set the cone on 2 Flat, horizontal surface, preferably on 2
torn
Orton
Cece
Sel
een
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pce
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feo
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arping rod
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een
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ead
ee ee ead
ee
Deas
Ce een ee Ree ae
ee eae ee es
Peace am
eae eee ec]
eee
alapse Slump: Does not retam any shape, indicating excessive
eee
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