1
ÖABT – Proficiency
Conjunctions
1. People have been interested in second 5. To say that education is a crucial area
language acquisition since antiquity, -- of human endeavor is not to say that it
-- in modern times much of the is a formal discipline; ----, it is a field of
research emphasis was in fact placed study which may be explored from a
on language teaching. variety of disciplinary standpoints.
A) just as A) otherwise
B) yet B) rather
C) or else C) even though
D) besides D) so
E) because E) as
2. ---- educational experiences will differ
in the way they contribute for every 6. Research must be systematic, ---- it
participating individual, effective needs to be explicit about its
educational experience should procedures if it is to be distinguished
increase curiosity, confidence and self- from mere hunch.
worth.
A) because
A) Since B) therefore
B) While C) further
C) Unless D) although
D) As long as E) likewise
E) Provided that
3. ---- L1 acquisition studies have 7. ---- its lingua franca status, English
focused on monolingual acquisition sometimes finds itself in conflict with
and membership in a single speech more local languages, such as Welsh
community, no such assumption can in Wales, or French in parts of French-
be taken for granted in foreign speaking Canada.
language contexts.
A) In spite of
A) As B) Unlike
B) Given that C) As a consequence of
C) Unless D) Just as
D) Even though E) Rather than
E) If
4. We can see an obvious connection 8. Perhaps the most striking thing about
with interlanguage studies in general -- native language development is that all
-- translations into the mother tongue children manage to develop a complete
can obviously be influenced by L2 grammatical system ---- they can speak
source texts, particularly at the level of the language that they are exposed to
the norm. fluently.
A) since A) whereas
B) although B) when
C) if C) unless
D) when D) so that
E) but E) like
2
ÖABT – Proficiency
Conjunctions
9. Language development is a process 12. ---- the complexities of human
that occurs within the cognitive system cognitive processes, there is a
of the learner, ---- as a first and native complexity that comes from the fact
language, ---- a second or foreign that we are all unique, with a unique
language. set of experiences shaping our stores
of knowledge.
A) such / that
B) neither / nor A) In as much as
C) whether / or B) In addition to
D) not only / but also C) Despite
E) rather / than D) Because of
E) Contrary to
10. When viewing errors as a reflection of
a student's underlying interlanguage, it 13. The legacy of the Classical languages,
is useful to bear in mind the concept of especially in Europe, fostered the view
Universal Grammar ----interlanguage of Latin as the most logical and
grammars are also 'natural' grammars superior language; ---- linguists tended
that are restricted to universal to use the structural properties of Latin
possibilities of language. as the norm for studying other
languages, imposing the rules of Latin
A) when on to other languages.
B) while
C) as long as A) just as
D) until B) therefore
E) as C) however
D) when
E) moreover
11. The stimulus-response view of
learning, known as Behaviorism, was
argued to characterize ----general 14. ---- the preliminary nature of
learning, ---- the learning of native neurolinguistic inquiry and the
language by young children as well. descriptive bent of much of the work
currently conducted, brain research
A) not only / but also can at present provide evidence that is
B) whether / or little more than suggestive to a model
C) either / or of L2 acquisition and less than that to
D) the same / as the practice of language teaching.
E) just as / so
A) Given that
B) Providing
C) Once
D) Until
E) Only if
3
ÖABT – Proficiency
Conjunctions
15. ---- the development of corpus 18. ---- the tests carried out in classroom
technology, it is now possible to environments, standardized
document the occurrence of a vast assessment tests are far more
range of linguistic features in speech. constrained by concerns of validity,
reliability, time, cost, reusability, and
A) For consequence.
B) Like
C) As well as A) Due to
D) Thanks to B) In contrast to
E) Despite C) Like
D) In addition to
16. Early experimental studies on E) In connection with
vocabulary instruction have
demonstrated that vocabulary learning
can lead to reading comprehension 19. ---- transfer has long been a major
improvement ---- the impact of theoretical concept in second-
vocabulary on comprehension language research, there is little
improvement is complex and requires consensus as to what constitutes
intensive instructional effort. transfer, how it occurs, and how it
affects second-language learning.
A) since
B) if A) Just as
C) when B) Whereas
D) therefore C) Although
E) though D) Because
E) If
17. A number of studies have shown that
training to recognize words faster will
lead to faster word recognition on 20. Effective educational experience
other words ---- the training is should increase curiosity, wonder and
sufficiently extensive. awe, confidence and self-worth, ---- it
should increase the individual’s ability
A) unless to concentrate, appreciate, tolerate,
B) while take responsibility and co-operate.
C) if
D) as A) therefore
E) until B) however
C) rather
D) in addition
E) otherwise
Cevap Anahtarı
1–B 6–A 11 – A 16 – E
2–B 7–C 12 – B 17 – C
3–D 8–D 13 – B 18 – B
4–A 9–C 14 – A 19 – C
5–B 10 – E 15 – D 20 – D
