"ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE FOR CSS.......
AUTHOR:IMRAN BASHIR(PMS)" 1
Environmental Impact Assessment
Environmental impact assessment (EIA) can be defined as the systematic identification and
evaluation of the potential impacts (effects) of proposed projects, plans, programs.
"ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE FOR CSS.......AUTHOR:IMRAN BASHIR(PMS)" 2
Origin of EIA
In early 60s, investors and people realized that the projects they were
under taking were affecting the environment, resources, raw materials
and people.
The USA decided to respond to these issues and established a National
Environmental Policy Act in 1970 to consider its goal in terms of
environmental protection.
"ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE FOR CSS.......AUTHOR:IMRAN BASHIR(PMS)" 3
At present, all developed countries have environmental laws whereas most
of the developing countries are still adopting it
"ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE FOR CSS.......AUTHOR:IMRAN BASHIR(PMS)" 4
EIA in Developing Countries
In a nutshell, EIA was considered just another bureaucratic
stumbling block in the path of development.
It was conceived as a sinister means to…….
Thirdly, the experts in the developing countries were
foreigners who were viewed as agents of colonization
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EIA Legal, Policy & Institutional Framework
(i) EIA in international environmental law context:
Convention on Environmental Impact Assessment in a Trans-
boundary Context (Espoo, 1991).
Rio Declaration (1992).
UN Convention on climate change and Biological Diversity
(1992)
Ministerial Declaration
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(ii) Multilateral & Bilateral Financial
Institution’s Environmental
Safeguards
EIA Legal, Category A
Policy &
Institutional Category B
Framework
Category C
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EIA Legal,
Policy & (iii) National legislations
(iv) Institutional framework
Institutional
Framework
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Environmental Impact Assessment
(EIA) Process
The first phase of an
environmental assessment
is called an Initial
Environmental Examination
(IEE) and the second is
detailed EIA.
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Steps In EIA Process
Baseline data Impact Analysis and
Screening Scoping
collection Prediction
Environmental
Management Plan
Analysis of Mitigation and Impact Environmental Impact
(EMP) &
Alternatives Management Statement (EIS)
Environmental
Monitoring
Public Consultation
Decision-making Effective EIA Follow-up
and Disclosure (PC&D)
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Mitigation & Impact Management
Approach Examples
Avoid Change of route or
site details, to avoid important ecological or archaeological features
Replace Regenerate similar habitat of equivalent ecological value in different location.
Reduce Filters, precipitators, noise barriers, dust, enclosures, visual screening, wildlife
corridors, and changed time of activities
Relocation of displaced communities, facilities for the affected communities,
Compensate financial compensation for the affected individuals etc.
Restore Site restoration after construction
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EMP & Environmental Monitoring
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Main Participants of EIA
Main participants:
Project purposes
Consultants
Pollution control board
Public opinion
Impact assessment agency
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Conclusion
EIA certainly has a crucial role to play in addressing environmental
issues surrounding project development and especially power
projects. The integration of environment into development planning
is the most important tool in achieving sustainable development.
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"ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE FOR 16
CSS.......AUTHOR:IMRAN BASHIR(PMS)"
