ME 1121: Introduction to Mechanical Engineering
Robotics and Mechatronics
Mohammad Ali Noor Zaman
Lecturer
Department of Mechanical & Production Engineering
Ahsanullah University of Science & Technology
Robot and Robotics
• A robot is a type of automated machine that can execute specific tasks with little or no human intervention
and with speed and precision.
• Robotics is an interdisciplinary field that integrates mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, information
engineering, mechatronics, electronics, bioengineering, computer engineering, control engineering, software
engineering, among others.
• Robotics involves design, construction, operation, and use of robots.
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Robot and Robotics
• The word robot was firstly introduced to public by Czech writer Karel Capek in his play Rossum's Universal Robots (R.U.R),
published in 1920. The play begins with a factory that makes artificial people known as robots.
• The word "Robotics", was coined accidentally by the Russian-born, American scientist, Issac Asimov in 1940s .
• Issac Asimov also proposed his three “Laws of Robotics”.
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Robot and Robotics
• First law: A robot may not injure a human beings, or, through inaction, allow one to come to harm.
• Second law: A robot must obey the orders given to it by human beings except where such orders would conflict with the
first law.
• Third law: A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the First or Second
Laws.
• Zeroth Law: A robot may not harm humanity, or, by inaction, allow humanity to come to harm.
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Types of Robots
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Basic Components of a Robot
1. Manipulator -
Robot manipulators are created from a sequence of link and joint combinations.
A robot manipulator is an electronically controlled mechanism, consisting of multiple segments, that performs tasks by
interacting with its environment.
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Basic Components of a Robot
2. Power Supply - The working power to the robot is provided by batteries, solar power.
3. Actuators - An actuator is a device that converts energy into physical motion, and most actuators produce rotary or linear
motion. The three major types of actuators are hydraulic, pneumatic, and electric.
4. Controller - Controller is a part of robot that coordinates all motion of the mechanical system. It also receives an input from
immediate environment through various sensors.
The heart of robot's controller is a microprocessor linked with the input/output and monitoring device.
The command issued by the controller activates the motion control mechanism, consisting of various controller, actuators and
amplifier.
5. Sensors - Sensors provide real time information on the task environment. Robots are equipped with tactile sensor it imitates
the mechanical properties of touch receptors of human fingerprints and a vision sensor is used for computing the depth in the
environment.
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Basic Components of a Robot
6. The hand of a robot -
End-effector mounted on the wrist enables the robot to perform specified tasks. Various types of end-effectors are designed
for the same robot to make it more flexible and versatile.
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Robotics in Industries
• Agriculture
• Construction
• Energy
• Healthcare
• Manufacturing
• Shipping & Delivery
• Mining
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Mechatronics
• Mechanics + Electronics
• Interdisciplinary Field
• a fusion of the disciplines Mechanics, Electronics, Electric
Engineering, Control, Measurement, and Computer Science.
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Mechatronics
• Optimize the overall functionality, performance, and
reliability of a system by merging the principles and
techniques from various engineering disciplines.
• Must have a strong understanding of mechanical
engineering principles, electronics, programming
languages, control systems theory, and sensor
technologies.
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Example of Mechatronics
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Benefits of Mechatronics
● more features
● higher precession
● user friendly
● more flexible
● lower cost
● efficient
● environment friendly
● smaller geometry
● more reliable
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Virtual Instrumentation
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Basic Flow Diagram
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Key Elements
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Model of a typical mechatronics system
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Application of Mechatronics
1. Automotive Industry:
-Vehicle diagnostics and monitoring. Sensors to detect the environment;
monitor engine coolant, temperature and quality; Engine oil pressure, level, and quality; tire pressure; brake pressure.
-Pressure, temperature sensing in various engine and power locations; exhaust gas analysis and control; Crankshaft positioning;
Fuel pump pressure and fuel injection control; Transmission force and pressure control.
-Airbag safety deployment system. Micro-accelerometers and inertia sensors mounted on the chassis of the car measures car
deceleration in x or y directions can assist in airbag deployment.
-Antilock brake system (ABS), cruise control. Position sensors to facilitate antilock braking system; Displacement and position
sensors in suspension systems.
-Seat control for comfort and convenience. Displacement sensors and micro actuators for seat control;
Sensors for air quality, temperature and humidity, Sensors for defogging of windshields.
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Application of Mechatronics
2. Health Care Industry:
Medical diagnostic systems. Disposable blood pressure transducer;
Pressure sensors in several diagnostic probes. Systems to control the intravenous/a vein fluids and drug flow;
Endoscopic and orthopedic surgery. Respirators; Lung capacity meters.
Other products such as Kidney dialysis equipment.
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Application of Mechatronics
3. Aerospace Industry:
-Landing gear systems; Cockpit instrumentation; Pressure sensors for oil, fuel, transmission; Air speed monitor; Altitude
determination and control systems.
-Fuel efficiency and safety systems; Propulsion control with pressure sensors; Chemical leak detectors; Thermal monitoring
and control systems.
-Inertial guidance systems; Accelerometers; Fiber-optic gyroscopes for guidance and monitoring.
-Automatic guided vehicles, space application; Use of automated navigation system for NASA projects; Use of automated
systems in under water monitoring and control
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Application of Mechatronics
4. Industrial Systems and Products:
Monitoring and control of the manufacturing process; CNC machine tools; Advanced high speed machining and quality
monitoring.
Rapid prototyping; Manufacturing cost saving by rapid creation of models done by CAD/CAM integration and rapid
prototyping equipment.
Specialized manufacturing process such as the use of welding robots; Procedure for automatically programming and
controlling a robot from CAD data
-3D printing
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Application of Mechatronics
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Surah Ar-Rahman 55:13
�۟ ی ٰا َﻻ ِٓء َر ِﺑّ ُﻛ َﻣﺎ ﺗ ُ َﻛ ِذّ ٰﺑ ِن
ّ ِ َ ﻓَ ِﺑﺎ
Then which of your Lord’s favours will you ˹humans and jinn˺ both deny?
