Name: Attia sahar
Reg. no: 225fss/bshis/f20
Topic: The Hashemite
Kingdom of Jordan
The Hashemite Kingdom of
Jordan
The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan is a modern Middle Eastern state with
deep historical roots. Established in 1946, it is ruled by the Hashemite
dynasty which traces its lineage back to the Prophet Muhammad.
Jordan's capital, Amman, is home to the royal palace and seat of
government.
Origin:
Prior to its creation after World War I, the concept of a state of Jordan
did not exist. In Ottoman times the territory now known as Jordan was
subdivided among various administrative districts. The north was
regarded as part of Syria and the south as part of Arabia.Prior to its
creation after World War I, the concept of a state of Jordan did not
exist. In Ottoman times the territory now known as Jordan was
subdivided among various administrative districts. The north was
regarded as part of Syria and the south as part of Arabia.
The San Remo conference (1920) and the
British Mandate
The separation of The Sykes-Picot The British Mandate
Transjordan Agreement
After World War I, the League
The separation of Transjordan
Secretly, the British and of Nations granted the British a
was added to the mandate
French had made the Sykes- mandate over the territory of
after the Arab Kingdom in
Picot Agreement in 1916, Transjordan, which was
Damascus was toppled by the
which divided the region into formerly part of the Ottoman
French in the Franco-Syrian
spheres of influence. This Empire. This began the British
War.The sen Remo
caused tension between the colonial rule in the region.
conference assigned the area
Arab nationalists and the
of east Jordan river called
European powers.
Transjordan to the Britain as
part of Palestine mandate.
The Transjordan Emirate
Territorial Boundaries Hashemite Rule British Oversight
The Transjordan Emirate The Emirate was ruled by the Though nominally independent,
encompassed the territory east Hashemite dynasty, the same the Emirate remained under the
of the Jordan River, marking a family that led the Arab Revolt close political and economic
distinct political entity from the against the Ottoman Empire influence of the British
British Mandate of Palestine to during World War I. government through treaties and
the west. advisors.
The Hashemite Monarchy
The Hashemite dynasty has ruled Jordan since the
early 20th century. Led by King Abdullah I, the
Hashemites established a constitutional monarchy
and worked to modernize the country after gaining
independence from Britain.
The Hashemite monarchy has played a central role
in Jordan's political and social development,
maintaining stability and promoting pan-Arab
nationalism. The royal family continues to hold
significant power and influence in the country's
affairs.
The Road to Independence
Political Reforms
1
Introduction of representative government and gradual transfer of power.
Nationalist Movements
2 Rise of Arab nationalist sentiment and calls for self-determination.
British-Hashemite Negotiations
3 Discussions on the future status of Transjordan
with the British authorities.
As the Hashemite Emirate of Transjordan evolved, the path toward independence gradually unfolded. Political
reforms, the growth of nationalist movements, and negotiations between the Hashemites and the British
authorities paved the way for Jordan's eventual independence as the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan.
The Hashemite-Palestinian
Conflict
Tensions over Land Competing Nationalist
Movements
The establishment of the Hashemite
Kingdom of Jordan led to conflicts with Competing Hashemite and Palestinian
the Palestinian population over control nationalist movements vied for political
and ownership of land, especially in the power and self-determination, leading
West Bank region. to clashes and a fragile coexistence.
Palestinian Refugees
The influx of Palestinian refugees into Jordan following the 1948 Arab-Israeli war further
strained resources and heightened tensions between the two groups.
The 1948 Arab-Israeli War and its
Aftermath
The 1948 Arab-Israeli The Nakba and Lasting Territorial
War Palestinian Refugees Changes
The 1948 Arab-Israeli war The war resulted in the The war led to the establishment
erupted as a conflict between displacement of hundreds of of the state of Israel and changes
Arab states and the newly- thousands of Palestinians, the to the borders of surrounding
formed state of Israel, leading to Nakba, who fled or were Arab states, setting the stage for
heavy casualties and territorial expelled from their homes, ongoing tensions and conflicts in
changes that continue to shape becoming refugees in the region.
the region. neighboring countries.
The Unification of the West Bank and
East Bank
1 The 1948 Arab-Israeli War
After the 1948 war, Jordan annexed the West Bank, while the East Bank became the
Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. This led to the unification of the territories under Jordanian
rule.
2 The Palestinian Question
The unification of the West Bank and East Bank was complicated by the ongoing Palestinian
refugee crisis and tensions between Jordanians and Palestinians living in the kingdom.
3 King Abdullah I's Vision
King Abdullah I sought to create a cohesive Hashemite kingdom that would represent all its
citizens, both East and West Bankers, as well as Palestinians under Jordanian rule.
The Proclamation
of the Hashemite
Kingdom of Jordan
On May 25, 1946, the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan was officially
proclaimed, marking the end of the British Mandate and the establishment
of an independent Jordanian state. This historic moment paved the way
for the modern Hashemite monarchy to govern the nation.
