COMPLIANCE OF TRICYCLE OPERATORS AND DRIVERS ON RULES

AND REGULATION OF THE ROAD IN MARIA AURORA, AURORA – A

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
 CHAPTER I

THE PROBLEM AND IT’ S BACKGROUND

INTRODUCTION

Tricycle drivers are often independent contractors with modest incomes. Their

revenues from their community-based transportation company are their only source of

income, and they have restricted access to traditional banking institutions. Tricycle

drivers are also prone to violating rules and regulations, such as over speeding,

overloading their tricycles with passengers or goods, and disregarding traffic signals.

These reckless behaviors not only endanger the lives of their passengers but also

contribute to traffic congestion and accidents on the road. Authorities must enforce

stricter penalties and conduct regular monitoring to ensure that tricycle drivers adhere

to the rules and regulations for everyone's safety. Public awareness campaigns and

education programs can promote responsible driving habits among tricycle drivers.

These measures can contribute to a safer and more efficient transportation system.

The lack of professionalism among jeepneys, buses, taxis, and tricycle drivers

to stop midway to pick up passengers is the cause of traffic in the Philippines. The

best thing a person can do to assist is to think about and immediately embrace the

street regulations. Drivers need to remain cautious while driving protectively. Every

accident becomes worse. It will impact anything that risks your life, including your

time and transportation (Arceo et. al., 2019). Before starting to bring passengers,

tricycle drivers must fulfill a single group requirement and ensure that various

paperwork are in order. Generally, they must provide proof of Land Transportation
Office (LTO) registration, barangay approval for their location, and registration costs

paid. Tricycle drivers in other Philippine cities must be legitimate citizens and have

accident insurance. Transporting rubbish and installing silencers in its exhaust pipe

also require tricycles. The only people allowed to operate inside a border are tricycle

drivers. At a Local Government Unit (LGU), the boundaries are split following

several Tricycle Operators and Drivers' Associations (TODAs). Drivers must get

TODA authorization prior to traveling within the border. The trays have the same

colors and are identical in TODA (Paolo, 2015).

Since a tricycle is a three-wheeled vehicle, it is more accident-prone than four-

wheeled vehicles. This is also why senior administration lawmakers in the Philippines

are proposing safety and professional training for drivers and operators of tricycles

(Romero, 2015). According to statistics from the Philippine Statistics Authority, 69%

of all transport accidents documented nationally have included injuries connected to

motorcycles (Sy, 2017). These alarming statistics make it worthwhile for drivers to

understand the most frequent causes of collisions so they may utilize that knowledge

to lower their own risk (Michon, 2020). One of the leading causes of accidents is the

unsteadiness of the sidecars, which are mounted on motorbikes and used as passenger

seats (Felongco, 2015). The most significant contributing factors were drivers'

ignorance of traffic laws, rules, and regulations and their disregard for them. In order

to avoid catastrophic accidents and injuries, drivers must closely abide by the laws,

regulations, and guidelines pertaining to traffic (Nilkamal Pvt Ltd, 2018). One

effective technique for assessing public awareness of traffic laws and regulations is

the compliance survey, which may be used to gauge knowledge and attitudes about

these topics (Vandamme, 2009).

 In Maria Aurora, Aurora, there is an estimated one thousand tricycle operators

and drivers registered in LGU as Public Utilized Vehicles (PUVs). The researcher

discovered the necessity of conducting this study, whose purpose was to determine

and analyze the knowledge and level of compliance of tricycle drivers in Maria

Aurora, Aurora on traffic rules and regulations, to address these issues related to the

lack of knowledge and compliance of these drivers concerning road traffic rules and

regulations. According to the 2020 Aydinan research, tricycle drivers are neither

wholly innocent nor uninformed about traffic laws; regrettably, even though they

know the norms, they don't always follow them. The fact that most of the drivers are

licensed and, so, supposed to be well aware of traffic laws and regulations, coupled

with the expectation that they would obey them, seems concerning. This study also

aims to gain insights from law enforcers on the compliance of tricycle drivers to the

rules and regulations of the road in Maria Aurora, Aurora. Furthermore, this study

also aims to determine the knowledge gap between the thought of tricycle drivers and

insights of law enforcers in Maria Aurora, Aurora.

Statement of the Problem

This study aims to provide a comparative analysis of the compliance of the

tricycle drivers of Maria Aurora, Aurora on the rules and regulations of the road. In
this chapter, the researcher determines to know the level of awareness of tricycle
drivers, and insights of law enforcers on implemented traffic rules and regulations in
the road municipality of Maria Aurora, Aurora.

Furthermore, this study would like to determine the knowledge gap between
the tricycle driver and law enforcers in Maria Aurora, Aurora

1. What is the Profile of Tricycle drivers in terms of?

A. Years of experience

B. Organization of Tricycle

2. What is the profile of law enforcers in terms of

A. Years of Service

B. Rank in PNP

3. What is the level of awareness of Tricycle Drivers in complying with Traffic Rules
and Regulations?

A. National law

B. Local law

4. What is the insight of law enforcers in terms of compliance of tricycle drivers on

rules and regulations of the roads in Maria Aurora, Aurora?

A. National Law

B. Local Law
Significance of the Study

Specifically, the result of this study is beneficial among the following

individuals and groups:

To the Tricycle Drivers and Operators: This study will help to find out

what strategic solutions tricycle drivers will use to deal with the circumstances that

they encounter on their daily trips. The study's findings will be helpful specifically to

tricycle drivers, as they can gain insight into effective strategies for navigating

challenging circumstances on their daily trips, such as heavy traffic, road

construction, or unruly passengers. By understanding the strategies used by successful

tricycle drivers, they can improve their own efficiency and customer service,

ultimately leading to increased earnings and job satisfaction.

To the Authorities and Law Makers: The findings may also benefit

transportation authorities and policymakers, who can use the information to improve

and support tricycle drivers. The findings can provide insights into the potential

improvements that can be made to rural and urban planning and transportation

systems to create a more sustainable and efficient mode of transportation.

Policymakers can use these findings to develop targeted policies and regulations

promoting sustainable transportation. This study aims to contribute valuable

knowledge that can positively impact tricycle drivers and the wider community.

To the Researchers and Students: The study's findings also interest

researchers and scholars in the field of transportation, rural development, and urban

planning, as it adds to the existing body of knowledge on sustainable transportation

modes. By examining the experiences and strategies of tricycle drivers in navigating

challenging circumstances, this study sheds light on the resilience and adaptability of

these drivers. The insights gained from this study can inform future interventions and

programs to enhance the safety and efficiency of tricycle transportation systems.

Ultimately, the goal is to create a more sustainable and inclusive environment that

benefits tricycle drivers and their communities.

Scope and delimitation

Out of more than 8,000 tricycle drivers in the Municipality of Maria Aurora,
30 drivers were used as a sample in conducting the survey. The researchers would like
to know the level of awareness of Tricycle Drivers in the Municipality of Maria
Aurora about traffic rules and regulations.

This study limits its coverage to all tricycle drivers who are not registered
(bogus) or not part in the franchise also tricycles that are not for hire are not part of
this study. Its main purpose is to identify the common problem or know their level of
knowledge and awareness about traffic rules and regulations and to propose possible
solutions regarding this problem.

This study considers any aspects of the Tricycle driver of the Municipality of
Maria Aurora’s personal information. Each of the respondents is given the same
questionnaire to answer. This study focuses on tricycle Drivers who are registered
with MTOP in Maria Aurora, Aurora.

This study shall also involve at least 10 law enforcers as respondents to

determine the perceptions of law enforcers regarding the topic. The law enforcers
shall be limited only to those who have wide experience in enforcing and
implementing laws related to rules and regulations of the roads in Maria Aurora,
Aurora.

Definition of Terms

To afford the readers with better understanding of the study, the following

terms are hereby conceptually and/or operationally defined:

Bogus, means not genuine.

Compliance, conformity in fulfilling official requirements.

Habal – Habal, motorcycle taxi, particularly a small motorcycle, is modified to carry

up to six passengers and cargo.

License, a permit from an authority to own or use something, does a particular thing,
or carry on a trade.

Passenger, a traveler on a public or private conveyance other than the driver, pilot, or
crew.

Transportation, the action of transporting someone.

Tricycle, a 3-wheeled vehicle propelled by pedals or a motor.

LTFRB- Land Transportation Franchising and Regulatory Board

CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter presents the studies of related both local foreign sources which
the researchers reviewed in order to know the fundamentals of the study. This serves
as the basis of deriving problem of study.

Foreign Literature

According to Dike (January 2012) the transport system in any nation is

determined by the socio-economic and political needs of the society. Whereas the rate
of growth in the nation’s social and economic sectors far exceeds the provision of
transport infrastructure and services. As such, the available resources in the transport
sector cannot cope with the increasing movement needs of the people. Since there is a
ban, on the use of the motorcycle in some cities at a time there is a rapid increase in
urban population, the for the tricycle as a means of transportation becomes obvious.
The theme of the forum was “Ensuring safe Operation Tricycle in Nigeria”. In his
address at the forum, the corps Marshal and Chief Executive of the FRSC Osita
Chidoka saw tricycle having been accepted by various state governments in the
country as a means of poverty alleviation and saw the need to regulate its operations
for improve safety on our roads.

Foreign Studies

Ames, Mateo-Babiano and Susilo (2014), Indigenous transport drivers were

surveyed face-to-face in Bandung, Indonesia, and in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, to
gain an understanding of how transport workers, specifically drivers-operators,
characterize transport modes considered as indigenous and perceive their potential
role in increasing the adaptive capacity of these cities. The main finding was that
indigenous transport modes in the two cities in the case study had evolved to fit a
niche market influenced by differing urban scales and divergent demographic and
geographic characteristics. Thus, the experience and the perceptions of transport
workers on indigenous transport were highly contextualize in relation to service and
route characteristics. Operating conditions for drivers were indicative of the
regulatory status of indigenous transport modes in the formal landscape. This analysis
contributes to an increased understanding of the role and the operation of indigenous
transport modes within the transport system. The analysis also contributes policy-
relevant insights to improve an understanding of the potential role of indigenous
transport in climate change adaption, as well as to increase awareness and to
anticipate a shift to a more environmentally sustainable transport mode.

According to Driving-test.org (2010) that the pedestrian crossing sign is a

warning sign. Drivers encountering a pedestrian crossing sign should be alert for any
people who might walk or run in front of their vehicle. Pedestrian crossing sign
provide advance notice of areas of high pedestrian activity so drivers can prepare to
slow down to stop on short notice.

Transportation Engineering Agency, had the concept of channelization is the

design of traffic lanes and islands/medians in a way that provides definite paths for
vehicles to follow through an intersection. Effective channelization reduces points of
conflicting traffic movements and helps to separate traffic flow. Proper channelization
increases capacity and improve safety. Improper channelization has the opposite
effect and maybe worse than none at all. Avoid over channelization as it can create
confusion and worsen intersection operations.

Local Literature

According to Aydinan, the importance of traffic laws is undeniable because it

is designed to protect both the lives of the drives and passengers. Having sufficient
knowledge of rules on the road and much more on practicing those rules make a
driver skilled and would surely minimize the accidents or crash on the road. This
study was accomplished with the of determining the knowledge and level of
compliance of the tricycle drivers on traffic rules and regulations in terms of Ten
Commandments of traffic, pavements markings and, traffic signs/signals and island in
Cabanatuan City which as the Tricycle City of the Philippines. With the objective of
gaining new insights with the current situation in the said subject, the researcher used
a descriptive research method.

Local Studies

Dorado Et. Al. (2015), that tricycles are considered one of the most popular
modes of transportation in the Philippines, due to their accessibility and capability to
drop off passengers at almost any point. However, passengers that ride in the tricycle
sidecar are subject to awkward postures and motion that cause discomfort, according
to different surveys. The of this research was to use different driving-test.org
 CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

This chapter reveals the method of research to be employed by the researcher

in conducting the study which includes the research design, population of the study,

research instrument and its development establishing its validity and reliability, data

gathering procedure, instrument and appropriate statistical treatment of data.

Research Design

This research design it describes a detailed data for answering a research

question by a survey and this research using the population and sample, research
instrument, validation procedure, data gathering, data processing, data triangulation,
statistical treatment, ethical standard to know and sequence our data gathering.

The study uses the quantitative research design since it measures the
awareness of tricycle drivers in the traffic rules and regulation and determines the
relationship between drivers’ and the perception of law enforcer.
Conceptual Framework

Conceptual framework is a theoretical lens or perspective that researchers use

to guide their research design and analysis. It helps researchers view their research
from a particular ontological and epistemological standpoint and guides their choice
of research questions and design (Marek,

Edström and Westberg (2023) introduce an analytical framework for

systematic comparisons of states' different priorities regarding military strategy,
operationalizing the three elements of military strategy further. Nagel et al. (2020),
develop a multi-level conceptual framework to analyse the contribution of sports
clubs to public welfare, considering historical roots, structural characteristics, and
member engagement. Zaretsky et al. (2020), attempt a comparative analysis of
conceptual educational systems and practices to build a new school, integrating the
principles of subject Ness, cooperation, and development.

A conceptual framework for road traffic safety is proposed, including a

common vision, traffic safety indicators, a safe system, and a traffic safety culture. In
this study, the researchers formulate a conceptual map as a visual representation of the
relationships between different variables and concepts. By mapping out these
connections, the researchers are able to gain a better understanding of the underlying
structure and dynamics of the phenomenon they are studying.

This conceptual map serves as a helpful tool for organizing and analyzing
data, as well as for generating new hypotheses and theories. Overall, it enhances the
researchers' ability to make sense of complex information and contribute to the
existing body of knowledge in their field.
 Figure1.

Conceptual map for Compliance of Tricycle Drivers on the Rules and Regulations of
the Roads in Maria Aurora, Aurora – A Comparative Analysis

Level of Awareness of
Tricycle Drivers on
National and Local
Laws of the Roads in
Maria Aurora, Aurora

COMPLIANCE OF
TRICYCLE DRIVERS ON
THE RULES AND
REGULATIONS OF THE
ROAD IN MARIA
AURORA, AURORA, -
COMPARATIVE
Perception of Law
Enforcers on the
ANALYSIS
Complaiance of
Tricycle Drivers on
rules and Regulations
of the Road in Maria
Aurora,Aurora

The researchers shall first determine the level of awareness of tricycle drivers
on local and national laws related to the rules and regulations of the road in Maria
Aurora, Aurora. After gathering information related to national laws and local
ordinances, they will formulate a research instrument aligned with the awareness of
tricycle drivers and operators on rules and regulations of the road in Maria Aurora,
Aurora.
Population Samples

This study of the Aurora municipality will be the subject of this research. The
researchers determined that, of the over 8,000 tricycle drivers operating in the
Municipality of Maria Aurora, at least thirty (30) operators' drivers were used as a
sample for the survey, or as people who could be questioned about their knowledge to
determine whether the thousands of tricycle drivers are adhering to the traffic laws
enforced in the Maria municipality.

Additionally, the researchers polled at least ten (10) law enforcement officials
to learn more about their perspectives on whether tricycle drivers adhere to the law
and whether they are aware of the rules and regulations pertaining to tricycle drivers.

Research Instrument

Research instrument is involving unique tools to carry out the work involved
to answer the questions. The many requirements of a researcher make it hard for
everyone to know every tool available, especially as technology advances at such an
exponential rate. Although every scope of science is different from the next, one thing
they all have in common is the need for research instruments to help carry out the
experiments to search for knowledge expansion.

The term “research instrument” refers to any tool that is used by a scientist to
obtain, measure, and analyse data. The data is sourced from subjects included in the
research experiment and focused on the topic. It might seem like calling one tool a
research instrument and another something else wouldn’t be a big deal, but as a
scholar, it can mean the difference between obtaining funding and losing it. Whatever
equipment you choose to use in your work, it must have consistent characteristics that
can stand up under intense scrutiny.

The research instrument used in data gathering for the study is a structured
questionnaire which is divided into two parts.

Part One consists of the personal data of the respondents and instructions on
how the questionnaire will be answered.
 Part Two consists of the questionnaire which will be divided into three
sections (Section A, Section B). Section A contain ten (10) items, Section B having
ten (10) items.

Validation Procedure

The researchers are approaching the who an expert statistician, this instrument
was validated by the statistician who is an expert and majors in mathematics. And the
research instrument should be transcribed by a validated of Filipino languages critique
expert for the convenience of the respondent to validate the translation of the
questionnaire and also validate of English language critique for the editing of the
whole research. Their suggestion or were used to modify and produce the final copy
of the instrument use for data collection.

Data Gathering Procedure

For this research, In-depth questionnaires are used in this study with the goal
of identifying respondents, profile, awareness, and perception of a specific research
topic. The primary benefit of data collection is that it involves the personal
information of the respondents and reduces the non-response rate. In terms of data
gathering instruments, the study was conducted with a structured questionnaire that
serves as the researcher's survey guide. While the researcher had prepared a set of
particular questions to direct the survey toward achieving the research objectives,
more questions came up as the investigation progressed.
Data Processing Procedure

The researcher uses a survey to gather data for this study in Maria, Aurora,
Aurora. In order for the respondents to complete the questionnaire fully aware of their
role as study subjects, the researcher explains a few terms to them. Following the
respondents' responses to the questionnaire, the researcher gathered and total the
information in preparation for analysis. In order to ascertain the average to collect for
data interpretation, the researcher employed an Excel application. The researcher
draws conclusions and offers suggestions for this investigation based on the data.

Data Triangulation

The town of Maria Aurora is the data source for this study. We used a survey
questionnaire to determine the percentage of respondents that agreed with the
questions we created for the topic we want to provide an answer for. The researchers
analysed the information from the drivers and the law enforcement agencies, and the
results showed a contradiction; nonetheless, the information aligned with the
municipal ordinances.

Ethical Standards

In this study, the researcher sent a letter to the MTOP office explaining their
involvement in the study. To request copies of the Tricycle Operators and Drivers'
Association (TODA) ordinances and an updated list of the presidents of the Toda’s
that are registered in Maria Aurora, Aurora. We next go to Sangguniang Bayan to
pick up copies of the local ordinances after leaving the MTOP office. Additionally,
researcher should visit the Maria Aurora police station and ask to see a copy or
summary of the report on traffic violations and accidents involving vehicles. of
tricycle drivers and operators, and following these, we have a record of the infractions
and accidents.

Additionally, the questionnaire's translation was verified by a critique expert

of the Filipino language, enabling the respondents to make it easier for tricycle drivers
to understand. The research adviser has been given the go-ahead for this study in
order to seek approval to perform it and to obtain consent from the respondent to
engage in it.

Statistical Treatment Data

The data were presented for analyzing and interpreting of the data gathered
from the respondents, the researchers utilized the frequency, percentage and weighted
mean.

The average weighted mean, frequency %, ranking, and other descriptive

statistics were utilized by the researchers to illustrate the methodology used in the
awareness and perception study. Three (3) option designs with weights assigned to
each response were presented to the respondents. There were three options:
completely aware, somewhat aware, and unaware of the tricycle drivers' adherence to
traffic laws and regulations.

Point Interval Range Verbal interpretation

3 2.34- 3.00 Fully Aware
2 1.67- 2.33 Fairly Aware
1 1.00- 1.66 Not Aware

The possibilities for the second respondent—law enforcement—are highly

observed, typically observed, and unobserved. Additionally, tricycle drivers have
never followed the 1, 2, and 3 range of traffic rules and regulation

Point Interval Range Verbal interpretation

3 2.34- 3.00 Highly Observed
2 1.67- 2.33 Normally Observed
1 1.00- 1.66 Unobserved
 The weights are multiplied by the frequency of response in every item under

the three (3) headings or point, the product obtained were the weighted frequency of

the item. Then, the total weighted frequency was taken and divided to the total

number of respondents to obtain its weighted mean using the researcher formula.

Weighted Mean Formula

X=
∑x
N
Where:
X= mean

∑ x = Sum of all scores

N= Number of cases

Statement of the Problem Number 3 and 4, testing of the hypothesis was

treated with analysis of variance (ANOVA) to identify the level of awareness of

Tricycle Drivers in complying with Traffic Rules and Regulations and insight of law

enforcers in terms of compliance of tricycle drivers on rules and regulations of the

roads in Maria Aurora, Aurora.

Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)

Analysis of variance (ANOVA) is an analysis tool used in statistics that splits

an observed aggregate variability found inside a data set into two parts: systematic
factors and random factors. The systematic factors have a statistical influence on the
given data set, while the random factors do not. Analysts use the ANOVA test to
determine the influence that independent variables have on the dependent variable in
a regression study. The computation was facilitated by the Microsoft Excel Analysis
Toolpack. The Analysis ToolPak is an Excel add-in that provides tools for complex
data analysis. If you have statistical data which you’d like to analyze, you can use the
Excel Data Analysis ToolPak to apply the technique of your choice to generate an
output table that analyzes, simplifies, and/or summarizes that data.

CHAPTER IV

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This chapter involves the presentation, analysis and interpretation of the data

gathered based on the responses of the respondents.

Respondents Profile

The following tables show the frequency distribution of the respondents

regarding their profile in terms of years of experience, organization of their tricycle,

ranks in PNP and years in service.

1. Tricycle Drivers

Years of Experience

Table 1.1

Years of Experience of the Tricycle Drivers

NO. OF YEARS FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE (%)

1-5 11 36.67

6-10 7 23.33

11-15 4 13.33

16-20 6 20

26-30 2 6.67

TOTAL 30 100

The results show that 11 (36.67%) of the tricycle drivers have 1-5 years of

experience, 7 (23.33%) have 6-10 years, 6 (20%) have 16-20 years, 4 (13.33%) have

11-15 years and 2 (6.67%) have 26-30 years of experience. This implies that most of

the tricycle drivers have 1-5 years of experience.

Organization of Tricycles

Table 1.2

Organization of their Tricycles

ORGANIZATION FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE (%)

 2 6.67
SMB TODA
1 3.33
ALCA TODA
BRGY. 4 TODA 1 3.33

DEBUCAO TODA 1 3.33

DIKILDIT TODA 1 3.33

QUIRINO TODA 1 3.33

WENCESLAO TODA 2 6.67

DIANAWAN TODA 1 3.33

DMA TODA 3 10

LOCAL 1 TODA 1 3.33

PETTODA 1 3.33

BAZMATODA 1 3.33

MARIA TODA 2 6.67

WUP TODA 1 3.33

STO.TOMAS TODA 1 3.33

MANHS TODA 1 3.33

CADAYACAN TODA 2 6.67

BRGY. 1 TODA 2 6.67

WMB TODA 1 3.33

2 6.67
MAD TODA
2 6.67
LEAF TODA
TOTAL 30 100

The result shows that 3(10%) of the tricycle drivers belong to DMA Toda, 2
(6.67%) of the tricycle drivers belong to SMB Toda, Wenceslao Toda, Maria Toda,
Cadayacan Toda, Brgy. 1 Toda and LEAF Toda and 1 (3.33%) of the tricycle drivers
belong to Alca Toda, Brgy.4 Toda, Debucao Toda, Dikildit Toda, Quirino Toda,
Dianawan Toda, Local 1 Toda, PETTODA, BAZMATODA, WUP Toda, Sto. Tomas
Toda, MANHS Toda and WMB Toda. This implies that most of the tricycle drivers
belong to DMA Toda.
2. Law Enforcers

Years in Service
Table 2.1
Years in Service of the Law Enforcers
NO. OF YEARS FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE (%)
5-10 3 30
11-15 3 30
16-20 3 30
21-25 1 10
TOTAL 10 100

The results show that 3 (30%) of the law enforcers has 5-20 years in service
and 1 (10%) of the law enforcers has 21-15 years in service. This implies that most of
the law enforcers has 5-20 years in service.

Ranks in PNP

Table 2.2
Ranks in PNP of Law Enforcers
RANKS FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE (%)
PSSG 5 50

PCMS 2 20
PSMS 2 20
1 10
POLICE CORPORAL
TOTAL 10 100

The result show that 5 (50%) of the law enforcers rank in PNP is PSSG
(Police Senior Staff Sergeant), 2 (20%) of the law enforcers rank is PCMS (Police
Chief Master Sergeant) and PSMS (Police Senior Master Sergeant) and 1(10%) of the
law enforcer rank is Police Corporal. This implies that most of the law enforcer rank
in PNP is PSSG (Police Senior Staff Sergeant).
The Level of Awareness of Tricycle Drivers in Complying with Traffic Rules and
Regulations
 Table 3.1
Awareness of Tricycle Drivers on National Law
Legend: 2.34-3.00=Fully Aware; 1.67-2.33=Fairly Aware; 1.00-1.66=Not Aware
The data above revealed that the tricycle drivers were fully aware about the
ordinance in national law with (GWM) general weighted mean of 2.78. it is
implicated that the tricycle drivers are aware in the rules and regulations. The
PARTICULARS Mean Interpretation

1.Provide fare discount to those untitled under existing FULLY

2.77
laws. (RA 10586 section 12) AWARE

2.Vehicles must not exceed their registered carrying FULLY

2.97
capacity. (UNDER RA 4136) AWARE

3.Carry driver’s license, certificate of registration, or FULLY

2.97
official receipt (OR) while driving motor vehicle AWARE

4.Driving without a valid driver’s license or conductor

FULLY
permits, as well as driving. (RA 4136 LTO DRIVING 2.63
AWARE
VIOLATIONS& FINES)

5.Validate the registration papers issued by the Land FULLY

2.90
Transportation Office (LTO) AWARE

6.Driving with a suspended or revoked license or

motor vehicle registration. FULLY
2.63
(RA 4136 LAND TRANSPORTATION TRAFFIC AWARE
CODE RULES

7. No Driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs

FULLY
are allowed to continue the travel inspected (RA 2.77
AWARE
10586 section 12)

8.No driving with expired motor vehicle registration.

FULLY
(RA 4136 LAND TRANSPORTATION TRAFFIC 2.63
AWARE
CODE RULES)

9.Speed limit is implemented on roads throughout

the Philippines. FULLY
(RA 4136 LAND TRANSPORTATION TRAFFIC 2.70
AWARE
CODE RULES)

10.Parking is prohibited in busy streets at specified FULLY

places. 2.80
AWARE

GRAND MEAN FULLY

2.78
AWARE
strongest mean of at this table is 2.97 which indicate that the tricycle drivers are fully
aware in the RA 4136 stating that vehicles must not exceed their registered carrying
capacity and carry driver’s license, certificate of registration, or official receipt.
Drivers are aware that they should not drive with overloading capacity. It is necessary
to complete motor paper and license.
The weakest mean in this table is 2.63 which are driving without a valid driver’s
license or conductor permits, as well as driving with an expired, suspended or
revoked license or motor vehicle registration. According (international journal of
environment research and public health 2020). Method to investigate unsafe
behaviors and traffic accident involving unlicensed drivers as a perspective for the
regulatory alignment assessment. Unlicensed drivers are more likely to have unsafe
driving behaviors, probability of being involved in a severe traffic accident
increases when the drivers are unlicensed and decrease in the case of license drivers.
the tricycle drivers are aware in this ordinance of national law. weighted mean of at
this table is 2.77 which are when No Driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs
are allowed to continue the travel inspected.
That is proven according to (Edward Ogden) Alcohol increases not only the
probability of collision, but also the probability of poor clinical outcome for injuries
sustained when impaired by alcohol. This review samples the results of the myriad
studies that have been performed during the last half century as experiments have
moved from examination of simple sensory, perceptual and motor behaviors to more
complex measures of cognitive functioning such as divided attention and mental
workload.

Table 3.2
Awareness of Tricycle Drivers on Local Law in Maria Aurora, Aurora.

PARTICULARS MEAN INTERPRETATION

1. Driving while under the influence of liquor 2.97 FULLY AWARE

and prohibited drugs is no allowed.
2. Allowing only the licensed/ properly licensed 2.90 FULLY AWARE
person to drive.
3. Allowing no passenger/s on top of the cover 2.70 FULLY AWARE
of vehicles.
 4. A tricycle driver must be well groomed or at
least took a shower before the ride. 2.63 FULLY AWARE
(MUNICIPAL ORDINANCE NO. 109 SERIES
OF 2001)
5. No loading/unloading in the middle of the NORMALLY
2.57
road is implemented. AWARE

6. No Cutting an overtaken vehicle-driving to

the right of the highways. 2.97 FULLY AWARE

7. No overtaking between men working or at a

caution sign. 2.93 FULLY AWARE

8. Parking is prohibited in undesignated areas

whether attended or unattended. 2.87 FULLY AWARE

9. All tricycle drivers are not only of legal age

and have a license according to LTO and
town government standard, regardless of
whether they are wearing shoes or sandals, 2.93 FULLY AWARE
pants, a polo shirt or t-shirt with sleeves and
not drinking alcohol.
(MUNICIPAL ORDINANCE NO. 109
SERIES OF 2001)
10. No Overtaking at unsafe distance. 2.80 FULLY AWARE

GRAND MEAN 2.25 FAIRLY AWARE

Legend: 2.34-3.00=Fully Aware; 1.67-2.33=Fairly Aware; 1.00-1.66=Not Aware

The data above illustrated that tricycle drivers were fairly aware about the
ordinance in local law with the general weighted mean of 2.25 it is implicated that the
tricycle drivers are fairly aware in the rules and regulation on the local law. The
strongest mean of at this table is 2.97 which indicate the tricycle drivers are fully
aware in Driving while under the influence of liquor and prohibited drugs is no
allowed, and No Cutting an overtaken vehicle-driving to the right of the highways.

According to (Januaryn Jose B. Aydinan) Drivers are should not be allowed to

drive after drinking alcohol or taking drugs. The weakest mean in this table is 2.57
which is No loading/unloading in the middle of the road is implemented. It only
shows that motorists are ignorant and undisciplined (Bondoc, 2020).
 In the study of Uzondu, Jamsonand Laia (2019), it was found out that tricycle
drivers were also over-represented in picking/dropping off passengers compared to
other vehicle drivers. It is true that they know the rules and regulations but they still

true that they know the rules and regulations but they still violate them. They are the

medium of transportation for many travellers and commuters that’s why it is

substantial that they know the traffic rules and regulations in order to avoid or at least
minimize the risk of accidents on the road brought by them. It has been discovered
through this study that the driver–respondents are neither innocent nor ignorant on
road traffic rules and regulations but unfortunately despite them being aware, they are
not always compliant.

This seems to be alarming because the majority of the drivers are licensed and
it is expected that they are fairly aware on traffic rules and regulations but it is much
anticipated that they are obedient. Tricycle drivers were fully aware at this table is
2.80 which indicate the drivers they should know the no overtaking in unsafe
distance. According to (Samuel levulis) A driving simulator was used to examine
whether overtaking judgments are influenced by the size of an oncoming vehicle, and
by whether a driver actively conducts the overtaking manoeuvre or passively judges
whether it is safe to overtake. Oncoming motorcycles resulted in more accepted gaps
and false alarms than larger cars or trucks.

Results were due to vehicle size independently of vehicle type, and reflected
shifts in response bias rather than sensitivity. Drivers may misjudge the distances of
motorcycles due to their relatively small sizes, contributing to accidents due to right-
of-way violations. Results have implications for traffic safety and the potential role of
driver-assistance technologies.

Insight of Law Enforcers in terms of Compliance of Tricycle Drivers on Rules

and Regulations of the Roads in Maria Aurora, Aurora

Table 4.1

Perception of law enforcers on National law.

 PARTICULARS MEAN INTERPRETATION

1. Provide fare discount to those untitled under NORMALLY

2.30
existing laws. (RA 10586 section 12) OBSERVED
2. Vehicles must not exceed their registered carrying NORMALLY
capacity. (UNDER RA 4136) 2.20
OBSERVED
3. Carry driver’s license, certificate of registration, HIGHLY
or official receipt (OR) while driving motor vehicle. 2.70
OBSERVED
4. Driving without a valid driver’s license or
conductor permits, as well as driving. 1.80
NORMALLY
(RA 4136 LTO DRIVING VIOLATIONS& FINES) OBSERVED

5. Validate the registration papers issued by the HIGHLY

2.80
Land Transportation Office (LTO). OBSERVED
6. Driving with a suspended or revoked license or
motor vehicle registration.
(RA 4136 LAND TRANSPORTATION TRAFFIC 1.20 UNOBSERVED
CODE RULES)

7. No Driving under the influence of alcohol or

drugs are allowed to continue the travel when 1.60 UNOBSERVED
inspected. (RA 10586 section 12)

8. No driving with expired motor vehicle

registration. NORMALLY
2.20
(RA 4136 LAND TRANSPORTATION TRAFFIC OBSERVED
CODE RULES)
9. Speed limit is implemented on roads throughout
the Philippines. NORMALLY
2.20
(RA 4136 LAND TRANSPORTATION TRAFFIC OBSERVED
CODE RULES)
10.Parking is prohibited in busy streets at specified NORMALLY
places. 2.10
OBSERVED
GRAND MEAN NORMALLY
2.11
OBSERVED
Legend: 2.34-3.00=Highly Observed; 1.67-2.33=Fairly Observed; 1.00-1.66=Unobserved
The data table above revealed that the observation of law enforcer was
normally observed about the ordinance in national law with general weighted mean of
2.11 it is the observation that the tricycle drivers are aware in the rules and regulation.
The strongest mean of at this table is 2.80 which indicate that the perception of law
enforcer is highly observed in the implementing validate the registration papers issued
by the land transportation office (LTO) law enforcer are observed the tricycle drivers
if they have a complete motor papers or license.
 The weakest, mean in this table is 1.20 which are driving with a suspended \or
revoke license. drivers violate their illegal driving status and continue to drive
accruing traffic conviction and becoming involved in crashes. According to (Sukhbir
s. Brar) that the elevated risk that suspended \revoked and unlicensed drivers pose to
other road user has been of ongoing interest and concern to the traffic safety
community. Since the composition and risk of suspended\ revoked and unlicensed
driver papulation risk. This study addresses this need by applying the quasi-induced
exposure technique to estimate annual exposure and validity licensed rivers in
California from 1987 through 2009.

This paper presents a model of how drivers choose whether to cruise or to pay,
and it predicts several results: you are more likely to cruise if curb parking is cheap,
off-street parking is expensive, fuel is cheap, you want to park for a long time, you are
alone in the car, and you place a low value on saving time. Between 1927 and 2001,
studies of cruising in congested downtowns have found that it took between 3.5 and
14 min to find a curb space, and that between 8 and 74 percent of the traffic was
cruising for parking.

Table 4.2

Perception of Law Enforcers on Local Law in Maria Aurora, Aurora.

PARTICULARS MEAN INTERPRETATION

1. Driving while under the influence of liquor and NORMALLY

2.30
prohibited drugs is no allowed. OBSERVED

2. Allowing only the licensed/ properly licensed 2.50 HIGHLY OBSERVED

 person to drive.

3. Allowing no passenger/s on top of the cover of NORMALLY

1.90
vehicles. OBSERVED

4. A tricycle driver must be well groomed or at

NORMALLY
least took a shower before the ride. 2.10
OBSERVED
(MUNICIPAL ORDINANCE NO. 109 SERIES
OF 2001)
5. No loading/unloading in the middle of the road 2.50 HIGHLY OBSERVED
is implemented.
6. No Cutting an overtaken vehicle-driving to the NORMALLY
2.20
right of the highways OBSERVED

7. No overtaking between men working or at a NORMALLY

caution sign. 2.10
OBSERVED

8. Parking is prohibited in undesignated areas NORMALLY

2.20
whether attended or unattended. OBSERVED

9. All tricycle drivers are not only of legal age

and have a license according to LTO and town
government standard, regardless of whether they NORMALLY
2.00
are wearing shoes or sandals, pants, a polo shirt OBSERVED
or t-shirt with sleeves and not drinking alcohol.
(MUNICIPAL ORDINANCE NO. 109 SERIES
OF 2001)
10. No Overtaking at unsafe distance. NORMALLY
2.10
OBSERVED

GRAND MEAN NORMALLY

2.19
OBSERVED

Legend: 2.34-3.00=Highly Observed; 1.67-2.33=Fairly Observed; 1.00-1.66=Unobserved

The table above exemplifies the is the perception of the law enforcer were normally
observed about the ordinance of local law with the general weighted mean of 2.19 it is the
result in observation of law enforcer about the awareness of tricycle driver.

The strongest mean of this table is 2.50 which is indicate that the observation of law
enforcer in No loading/unloading in the middle of the road is implemented and in the
Allowing only the licensed/ properly licensed person to drive. According to transport and
environment. causes a disproportionate number of externalities and the current bay
configuration leads to greater mobility impacts than some of the proposed systems.
Enforcement was a crucial element in reducing parking operations impact on traffic flow in
one of the case-studies. In according to safety science, the drivers are must know the Driver
 license examiners play a vital role in society by ensuring that driver licenses are only issued
to safe and competent drivers. Despite their essential role in reducing traffic incidents and
property damage, they are themselves exposed to high levels of safety risk as they test new
and prospective drivers.

The weakest mean at this table is 1.90 which is the allowing no passenger/s on top of
the cover of vehicles. The law enforcer is normally observed the tricycle it is forbidden to
ride a passenger on top according to (Januaryn Jose B. Aydinan) The importance of traffic
laws is undeniable because it is designed to protect both the lives of the drivers and
passengers. Having sufficient knowledge of rules on the road and much more on practicing
those rules make a driver skilled and would surely minimize the accidents or crash on the
road. It has been realized in this paper that tricycle drivers play a significant role in the lives
of passengers every day.

The law enforcer is normally observed were the weighted mean at this table it is 2.10
which is the overtaking at unsafe distance. According to (traffic psychology and behaviour)
The drivers tend to involved in overtaking violations when they perceived the driving
motivations would enhance the performance of the behavior.

Additionally, control belief has been the strongest predictor of drivers’ intentions
under the influence of motivations to speeding and overtaking violations. It appeared that the
drivers who intended to involve in speeding and overtaking violations had strong beliefs in
the factors and are more likely to violate based on their beliefs. The practical implications of
the findings for the development of interventions to promote road safety and positive changes
are also discussed.

Table 5.1

Groups Count Sum Average Variance

Tricycle Driver 30 83.3 2.78 0.10

Law Enforcers 10 21.1 2.11 0.10

Summary of Tricycle Drivers and Law Enforcers on National Law

The table show the summary of tricycle drivers on national law has count=30,
sum=83.3, average=2.78 and variance=0.10. The law enforcers have count=10,
sum=21.1, average=2.11 and variance=0.10.

Table 5.2

The Level of Awareness of Tricycle Drivers and Insight of Law Enforcers on

National Law

ANOVA

Source of Interpretatio
SS df MS F P-value F crit
Variation n

3.33 Not
Between Groups 1 3.333 32.623 1.42E-06 4.098
3 Significant

3.88
Within Groups 38 0.102
2

7.21
Total 39
6

This research was conducted the comparative analysis between the level of

awareness of tricycle drivers in complying with traffic rules and regulations and the

insights of law enforcers in terms of compliance of tricycle drivers on rules and

regulations of the roads in Maria Aurora, Aurora on national law. Results shows that

the level of awareness of tricycle drivers in complying with traffic rules and

regulation and the insight of law enforcers in terms of compliance of tricycle drivers

on rules and regulations of the roads in Maria Aurora, Aurora on national law is not

significant, F (1,38) = 32.62. p-value=1.42E-06 (statistics is significant at p<0.05).

Table 6.1

Groups Count Sum Average Variance

Tricycle Driver 30 84.8 2.83 0.07

Law Enforcers 10 21.9 2.19 0.07

Summary of Tricycle Drivers and Law Enforcers on Local Law

The table show the summary of tricycle drivers on local law have count=30,
sum=84.8, average=2.83, and variance=0.07. The law enforcers have count=10,
sum=21.9, average=2.19 and variance=0.07.

Table 6.2

ANOVA

Source of SS df MS F P-value F crit Interpretation

 Variation

1.06E- Not
Between Groups 3.040 1 3.040 42.665 4.098
07 Significant

Within Groups 2.708 38 0.07

Total 5.748 39

The Level of Awareness of Tricycle Drivers and Insight of Law Enforcers on Local

Law

This research was conducted the comparative analysis between the level of

awareness of tricycle drivers in complying with traffic rules and regulations and the

insights of law enforcers in terms of compliance of tricycle drivers on rules and

regulations of the roads in Maria Aurora, Aurora on local law. Results shows that the

level of awareness of tricycle drivers in complying with traffic rules and regulation

and the insight of law enforcers in terms of compliance of tricycle drivers on rules and

regulations of the roads in Maria Aurora, Aurora on local law is not significant, F

(1,38) = 42.67 p-value=1.06E-07 (statistics is significant at p<0.05).

Table 7.1

Summary of Tricycle Drivers on National and Local Law

 Groups Count Sum Average Variance

Tricycle Driver 30 83.3 2.78 0.10

Tricycle Driver 30 84.8 2.83 0.07

The table show the summary of tricycle drivers A on national and local law

has count=30, sum=83.3, average=2.78 and variance=0.10. The tricycle drivers B has

count=30, sum=84.8, average 2.83 and variance=0.07.

Table 7.2

The Level of Awareness of Tricycle Drivers on National and Local Law

ANOVA

Source of SS df MS F P-value F crit Interpretation

Variation

Between 0.0375 1 0.038 0.432 0.513 4.007 Not

Groups Significant

Within Groups 5.032333 58 0.087

Total 5.069833 59

This research was conducted the comparative analysis of the level of

awareness of tricycle drivers in complying with traffic rules and regulations on

national and local law. Results shows that the level of awareness of tricycle drivers in

complying with traffic rules and regulation on national and local law is not

significant, F (1,58) = 0.432, p-value=0.513 (statistics is significant at p<0.05).

Table 8.1

Summary of Law Enforcers on National and Local Law

Groups Count Sum Average Variance

Law Enforcers A 10 21.1 2.11 0.10

Law Enforcers B 10 21.9 2.19 0.07

The table show the summary of law enforcers A on national and local law has

count=10, sum=21.1, average=2.11 and variance=0.10. The law enforcers B has count

10, sum=21.9, average=2.19 and variance=0.07.

Table 8.2
The Insight of Law Enforcers on in terms of compliance of tricycle drivers in National

and Local Law

ANOVA

Source of
SS df MS F P-value F crit Interpretation
Variation

Not
Between Groups 0.032 1 0.032 0.370 0.551 4.414
Significant

Within Groups 1.558 18 0.087

Total 1.59 19

This research has conducted the comparative analysis insights of law enforcers

in terms of compliance of tricycle drivers on rules and regulations of the roads in

Maria Aurora, Aurora on national and local law. Results shows that the insights of

law enforcers in terms of compliance of tricycle drivers on rules and regulations of the

roads in Maria Aurora, Aurora on national and local law is not significant, F (1,18) =

0.370, p-value=0.551 (statistics is significant at p<0.05).

CHAPTER V
 SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter provides an overview of the findings, conclusions, and

suggestions that have been drawn from the execution of this study. The summary of

findings is a concise overview of the primary outcomes derived from the analysis of

the data, encompassing noteworthy trends or patterns that were identified. The

conclusions of the study synthesize the primary findings and analyse their potential

ramifications within the respective academic domain. The recommendations provided

in this study propose practical measures that can be implemented in order to enhance

procedures, policies, or practices within the pertinent domain, as shown by the

findings. In summary, this chapter presents a thorough summary of the study's results

and provides recommendations for future actions.

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS

1. What is the Profile of Tricycle drivers in terms of?

1.1. Years of experience

This study shows that most of the tricycle drivers have 1-5 years of experience

on the road. The study also indicates that these drivers have a good understanding of

the local area and are familiar with the roads and routes. This level of experience

likely contributes to their ability to navigate efficiently and provide reliable

transportation services to their passengers. For example, a tricycle driver with 3 years

of experience would have likely encountered various traffic situations and developed

effective strategies for navigating through congested areas. Additionally, their

familiarity with shortcuts and alternate routes could help them avoid heavy traffic and

get passengers to their destinations faster. Additionally, the findings suggest that the
majority of tricycle drivers in this area have chosen this profession as a long-term

career, rather than as a temporary means of income.

1.2. Organization of Tricycle

As shown in this study, most of the tricycle drivers belong to DMA TODA.

This can be attributed to the fact that DMA TODA has been established for several

years in the community, making it a popular choice for tricycle drivers looking for a

reliable and organized association to join. DMA TODA covers five barangays near

the boundaries of Maria Aurora and Baler where most of the members resides.

2. What is the profile of law enforcers in terms of

2.1. Years of Service

The study reveals that a majority of law enforcement personnel has a tenure

ranging from 5 to 20 years. The attainment of this degree of experience is of utmost

importance in guaranteeing that individuals possess the requisite abilities and

information to proficiently execute their responsibilities. Furthermore, the research

revealed that a significant proportion of these law enforcement personnel expressed a

sense of assurance in their competence to effectively manage diverse circumstances

that may emerge throughout the course of their professional responsibilities. In

general, the results indicate that the considerable expertise possessed by these persons

has a substantial impact on their overall efficacy as law enforcement personnel.

2.2. Rank in PNP

Most of the law enforcer rank in PNP is PSSG (Police Senior Staff Sergeant)

as participants in this study. The PSSGs were chosen for their extensive experience
and knowledge in the field of law enforcement. Their insights and perspectives

provided valuable information for the research projects. However, this selection

criteria may lead to a biased representation of the entire law enforcement agency, as it

excludes perspectives from lower-ranking officers who may have different

experiences and insights. This could potentially skew the findings and

recommendations of the research projects.

3. What is the level of awareness of Tricycle Drivers in complying with Traffic

Rules and Regulations?

3.1. National law

The findings of the study indicate that the tricycle drivers demonstrated a high

level of awareness regarding the national law, as evidenced by a general weighted

mean (GWM) of 2.78. The tricycle drivers are deemed to possess knowledge of the

rules and regulations. The highest mean value seen in this table is 2.97, suggesting

that tricycle drivers possess a comprehensive understanding of the provisions outlined

in RA 4136. This regulation mandates that vehicles should not exceed their authorized

carrying capacity and must be equipped with a driver's license, certificate of

registration, or official receipt. Drivers are cognizant of the fact that they should

refrain from driving with excessive capacity. The completion of motor paper and

license is deemed mandatory. The table reveals that the mean value of 2.63 is the

lowest among the measures of driving without a valid driver's license or conductor

permits, as well as driving with an expired, suspended, or revoked license or motor

vehicle registration. This suggests that there exists a certain level of understanding

and compliance with regulations pertaining to vehicle capacity and requisite

documentation. However, there exists potential for enhancement in terms of

guaranteeing that drivers possess legitimate licenses and permits. Adherence to these

standards is of utmost importance for tricycle operators, as it not only ensures their

personal safety but also safeguards the well-being of their passengers and other

individuals utilizing the roadways. Through the resolution of these concerns and the

promotion of consciousness, the community can strive towards establishing a more

secure and conscientious driving milieu for everyone. Ensuring safety and compliance

with rules are crucial considerations for tricycle drivers, as they play a pivotal role in

accident prevention and the overall welfare of road users.

3.2. Local law

The results of this study suggest that tricycle drivers have a reasonable level of

knowledge about the local law, as seen by the overall weighted mean of 2.25. This

implies that tricycle operators exhibit a good degree of knowledge and understanding

regarding the norms and restrictions stipulated in the nearby legislation. The table

exhibits a maximum average value of 2.97, suggesting that the tricycle drivers

demonstrate a notable degree of awareness. The act of operating a motor vehicle

while under the influence of alcohol or illegal substances is strictly prohibited, as is

the act of overtaking a vehicle and driving on the right side of the road. The data

shows a minimum mean value of 2.57, which suggests that there was no loading or

unloading activities taking place in the middle of the road. In general, the data

obtained from the survey indicates a favorable pattern in the compliance of tricycle

drivers with traffic laws and regulations. Based on the observed range of values

spanning from 2.57 to 2.97, it is apparent that a significant proportion of tricycle

drivers possess a high level of knowledge and adhere to the regulations established by

local legislation. The high degree of consciousness and dedication to adhering to safe
driving protocols is highly promising for ensuring the overall safety of tricycle

operators and other individuals utilizing the road within the community

4. What is the insight of law enforcers in terms of compliance of tricycle drivers

on rules and regulations of the roads in Maria Aurora, Aurora?

4.1. National Law

The observations made by law enforcement officials regarding the compliance

of tricycle drivers to traffic rules and regulations, specifically in relation to national

legislation, yield a general weighted mean of 2.11, which aligns with the expected

norms. The highest mean value observed in this specific section of the study is 2.80,

suggesting a high level of satisfaction among law enforcement personnel in verifying

the registration papers issued by the land transportation office (LTO). Law

enforcement personnel also observe tricycle drivers who possess complete motor

papers or licenses. The mean score for driving with a suspended or revoked license is

1.20, indicating the lowest level of strength. Drivers engage in illegal driving,

resulting in the accumulation of traffic convictions and involvement in crashes. This

behavior poses a significant risk to public safety and highlights the need for stricter

enforcement of traffic laws. It is crucial for law enforcement personnel to continue

monitoring and cracking down on drivers who disregard regulations, as this not only

endangers their own lives but also those of other road users. By ensuring that drivers

comply with regulations and possess valid documentation, authorities can work

towards creating a safer and more orderly traffic environment for all. This proactive

approach can help prevent accidents and save lives.

4.2. Local Law

 A general weighted mean of 2.19 indicates that the law enforcement's

perception of tricycle drivers' compliance with traffic laws and regulations, including

the local ordinance, is generally considered to be normal. This study looks at the level

of awareness that tricycle drivers exhibit, according to law enforcement officials. The

highest average score is 2.50, indicating that the enforcement of the prohibition on

loading or unloading in the center of the road is enforced, as well as the requirement

for only licensed or fully licensed individuals to drive. The minimum mean value in

this table is 1.90, indicating that no passengers are permitted on the car cover. The law

enforcement officer has consistently noted that it is prohibited for a tricycle to

transport a passenger on its roof. Additionally, the study found that tricycle drivers

showed a good understanding of traffic rules and regulations, with an average score of

2.30. However, there is room for improvement in terms of knowledge about proper

lane usage and signaling, as these areas had lower average scores of 2.15 and 2.10,

respectively. Overall, the findings suggest that while some regulations are well-

enforced, there are still areas where tricycle drivers may benefit from further

education and training to ensure safer road practices.

The study findings indicate that the observations made by law enforcement

officials regarding the compliance of tricycle drivers with national and local road laws

and regulations in Maria Aurora, Aurora, are not statistically significant. This

suggests that there may be a lack of consistency in enforcing these laws in the area.

Further investigation is needed to determine the reasons behind this lack of

compliance and to develop strategies for improving road safety in Maria Aurora.

Addressing these issues could help reduce the number of accidents and improve the
overall transportation system in the region. Ultimately, this leads to a safer

environment for both drivers and pedestrians.

CONCLUSION

The following conclusions have been based on the findings of the study:

1. The majority of tricycle drivers possess 1-5 years of driving experience. The

safety and accident rates of tricycle drivers are significantly influenced by their

years of experience. According to Ahmed et al. (2019), research indicates that

tricycle drivers who have greater experience have a lower likelihood of being

involved in accidents. Moreover, studies suggest that older trike drivers have a

greater prevalence of musculoskeletal problem symptoms, underscoring the

escalating physical strain associated with the occupation as individuals age (David

et. al., 2015). Furthermore, it has been proposed by McDonald et al. (1983) that

parental education and experience have a significant role in mitigating the

occurrence of severe injuries among younger trike drivers. Hence, it is imperative

to strike a harmonious equilibrium among factors such as experience, age, and

adequate training to guarantee the safety and welfare of tricycle operators on

roadways.

2. The term of the majority of law enforcement professionals typically falls

within the range of 5 to 20 years. The acquisition of this level of expertise is

crucial in ensuring that individuals have the necessary skills and knowledge to

effectively carry out their duties.

3. Tricycle operators are considered to exhibit a comprehensive understanding

of the rules and regulations. It is required that motorized vehicles possess a

 driver's licence, certificate of registration, or official receipt, and must not surpass

their authorised carrying capacity. It is obligatory to complete the motor paper and

license.

4. Tricycle drivers possess a satisfactory level of familiarity with the local

legislation. This suggests that tricycle operators possess a considerable level of

knowledge and comprehension pertaining to the regulations and limitations

outlined in the relevant legislation. Driving a motor vehicle while intoxicated or

under the influence of illegal substances is strictly forbidden, as is overtaking a

vehicle and driving on the right side of the road

5. As observed by law enforcement officers, the level of compliance exhibited by

tricycle drivers with traffic laws and regulations, particularly in regards to

national legislation. This value is consistent with the anticipated norms. Tricycle

drivers who possess full motor papers or licences are likewise subject to

observation by law enforcement authorities.

6. Motorists partake in unlawful driving, leading to the accrual of traffic infractions

and participation in collisions and other related accidents.

7. The law enforcement's assessment of tricycle drivers' adherence to traffic laws and

regulations, including the local code, is typically regarded as normally observed.

Law enforcement officials claim that the level of awareness displayed by tricycle

drivers is the subject of this study.

RECOMMENDATION

The following recommendations has been formulated based on the findings and

conclusion of the study.

1) The tricycle operators ought to participate in a seminar in order to become

informed about the protocols they need to adhere to.

2) By implementing a strict checkpoint system, law enforcement can keep an eye

on and regulate tricycle traffic in particular areas, The prosecution of

unregistered or unlicensed tricycle drivers.