GENERAL CAPSTONE

FORMAT GUIDELINES

1
 Capstone PROJECT FORMAT

A. Book Cover Page

Book Color – Maroon / Letters - Gold

DEVELOPMENT OF A PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC

CONTROLLER-BASED ENERGY CONSUMPTION
CONTROL SYSTEM

JUAN O. DELA CRUZ

Systems Plus Computer College

Caloocan City

January 2020

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 B. Book Side Label

DEVELOPMENT OF A
J.O. DELA CRUZ PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC SPCC January 2020
CONTROLLER-BASED ENERGY
CONSUMPTION CONTROL SYSTEM

Font size – 12 (If possible, and will fit in the book side label)

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C. Title Page

DEVELOPMENT OF A PROGRAMMABLE
LOGIC CONTROLLER-BASED ENERGY
CONSUMPTION CONTROL SYSTEM

Font 12, Bold

A Capstone Project Inverted Pyramid

Presented to the Faculty of the Font 12

College of Information Technology
Systems Plus Computer College
Caloocan Campus

by

JUAN O. DELA CRUZ

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree

Bachelor of Science in Information Technology

January 2020

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D. Approval Sheet

Systems Plus Computer College

COLLEGE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
10th Avenue, Grace Park, Caloocan 1400
Email Address: citfaculty@spcc.edu.ph

APPROVAL SHEET

The capstone project entitled “DEVELOPMENT OF A PROGRAMMABLE

LOGIC CONTROLLER-BASED ENERGY CONSUMPTION CONTROL SYSTEM”,

prepared and submitted by JUAN O. DELA CRUZ, in partial fulfillment of the requirements

for the degree Bachelor of Science in Information Technology, is hereby approved and

accepted.

ANGELITO DE RAMA
Adviser

JHENSEN FORONDA
Chairman

NAME NAME
Member Member

NAME NAME
Member Member

Approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Bachelor of Science

in Information Technology.

PROF. JHENSEN R. FORONDA

Dean, College of Information Technology
Date: ___________________________

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E. Abstract Format
Font 12
ABSTRACT

The study, Development of Electronic Communication Chat (EC CHAT), aims to provide a
social networking in a star topology connection inside inbound vicinity that helps students and
faculty members to socialize and share files or information to one another without the use of
internet. The system is capable of establishing wireless connection which provides all the
social networking features and services inside its premises. It has the features of advisories,
chatting, profiling, file sharing, blocking, reporting, and secured identification process. It also
has an enhanced security that provides a trusted network connection to all client users. The
application displays all the functions using graphical user interface to access all the features of
the system. The system was developed using Android Studio for Android application
development, Hypertext Preprocessor (PHP) and JavaScript a scripting language for web
development, and open source web technologies such as HTML, and CSS for web pages and
web application. Test results showed that the application software can be installed in any
Android device running on Android 4.3 version and above without incompatibility issues and
all test data were processed as expected in terms of speed and accuracy. The system was
evaluated by 50 evaluators composed of Information Technology professors, professionals,
and students under the Electronics Department of Technological University of the Philippines
- Manila using ISO 25010 software quality model and was rated with a an overall mean of 4.64
with a descriptive rating of “Excellent.” This signifies that the system is useful to all students
and faculty members in terms of social networking inside its vicinity.

Note:

1. Use block format.

2. Single-spaced and justified alignment.
3. Limit to 100 - 250 words.
4. Include problem, rationale, major methodologies used, features, tests and evaluation results,
and conclusions based on the evaluation.

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 Font 12
F. TABLE OF CONTENTS FORMAT

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PRELIMINARIES Page

Title Page i

Approval Sheet ii

Dedication iii

Acknowledgement iv

Abstract v

Table of Contents vi

List of Tables vii

List of Figures viii

Chapter 1 – INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study 1

Objectives of the Study 2

Scope and Limitations of the Study 3

**Significance of the Study 3

Chapter 2 – CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

Review of Related Literature and Studies 5

Conceptual Model of the Study 42

Operational Definition of Terms 44

**for proposal only

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Chapter 3 – RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Project Design 45

Project Development 47

Operation and Testing Procedure 50

Evaluation Procedure 50

Chapter 4 – RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Project Description 51

Project Structure 53

Project Capabilities and Limitations 56

Project Evaluation 57

Chapter 5 – SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS,

AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Summary of Findings 58

Conclusions 60

Recommendations 61

REFERENCES 62

APPENDIXES 63

RESEARCHERS’ PROFILE 69

USER’S MANUAL

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 LIST OF TABLES

Table Title Page

1 Electrical Specifications Programmable Logic Controller 51

2 Electrical Specifications of Magnetic Contactor 53

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 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure Title Page

1 Block Diagram of the Project 39

2 The Conceptual Model of the Study 42

3 PLC Ladder Diagram 43

Note:
1. Align properly the page numbers
2. List of tables and list of figures are placed on separate pages

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G. BODY OF THE RESEARCH

Chapter 1 - INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

Describe the scenario that poses problems and concerns needed to be addressed.
Connect this situation to the proposed project.
It is composed of a brief statement of the origin of the problem. It also includes the
main reasons for the conduct of the study. It starts with an opening statement about the main
topic leading to the specific topic followed by a discussion on the specific topic leading to the
problem identification. Lastly, a statement of the solution is presented

• 1st paragraph - opening statements about the main topic leading to your specific topic
• 2nd paragraph – discussion on the specific topic leading to your main problem
• 3rd paragraph – presentation of your main problem
• 4th paragraph – evidences that the problem really exists
• 5th paragraph – present the causes and effects of the main problem
• 6th paragraph – presentation of a perceived solution to the problem and its strategy

Objectives of the Study

General Objective
The general objective captures the title of the study. It is broad enough to
include all aspects of the subject matter, yet brief and concise as possible.

Specific Objectives
• The specific objectives must be explicit, precise, and expected results are
verifiable.
• The criteria of SMART must be considered in setting the specific objectives.

- Design the prototype (no software/hardware involved yet)

- Fabricate or develop the prototype using ….. ( a
software/hardware, mechanism etc. or according to a set of
parameter or standard)
- Determine the performance or acceptability of the project
(testing procedures and improvement)
- Evaluate (Result of evaluation)

Scope and Limitations of the Study

• The scope of the study includes what the study is all about, the reason why the
study is conducted and how it will be made.
• The major methodologies of developing the prototype together with the
important components are presented.

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 •Also included is who are the beneficiaries and how will they benefit from the
project.
• The limitations are the factors which set the boundaries covered in the study.
• Significance of the Study (for proposal only)
Chapter 2 - CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

Review of Related Literature and Studies

• The purposes of this section are to tell what research has or has not been done on the
problem and to explain and clarify the theoretical rationale of the problem.
• Only studies, which are related in purpose, method, or findings of the study, should
be included.
• The discussion of such studies should be in the form of a brief critical analysis of the
purposes, method of study, principal findings and conclusions.

Conceptual Model of the Study

• This is represented in a diagram using the Input-Process-Output (IPO) model in
developmental research.
• The INPUT block consists of the Knowledge Requirements, Software Requirements
and/or Hardware Requirements.
• The PROCESS block presents the activities involved in the Design, Development,
Implementation, and Evaluation stages.
• With the input and process requirements laid out, the expected OUTPUT becomes
achievable.

Operational Definition of Terms

• Includes only the terms, words, or phrases, which have special or unique meanings in
the study and the definitions of how they are used in the study.
• They are identified and listed as they appear in the research document starting with
the title.
• The definitions should be brief and clear as possible.

Chapter 3 - RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ( Based on the specific objectives in

chapter 1)

Project Design (Description of Major Parts with Functions, which may include
isometric or circuit diagram)
Project Development (Procedural Steps Undergone from conceptualization to
construction; include revisions done to the project/product/output, also include
detailed parts and dimensions or flowchart)
Operation and Testing Procedure (steps to be followed in operating the project and
tests to be done to ensure that the project is working)
Evaluation Procedure (the qualifications or criteria by which the project or product
will be evaluated and how it will be rated; also include respondents who will

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 evaluate the project and the criteria for interpreting the evaluation or the
descriptive rating)

Table 1

Likert Scale

Numerical Scale Descriptive Rating

5.0 Excellent
4.0 Very Good
3.0 Good
2.0 Fair/Fairly
1.0 Poor/

Table 2

Descriptive Interpretation of the Mean

Numerical Scale Interpretation

4.51 – 5.00 Excellent
3.51 – 4.50 Very Good
2.51 – 3.50 Good
1.51 – 2.50 Fair
1.00 – 1.50 Poor

Chapter 4 -RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Project Description (show the fabricated project with description)

Project Structure (detailed illustration of project sections/parts with description)
Project Test Results, Capabilities and Limitations (overall performance of the project
with observed limitations; actual illustration of project while operating etc.; if
product, may include laboratory test, etc)
Project Evaluation (statistical result with corresponding interpretation)

Chapter 5 -SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, AND

RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary of Findings (may include overall mean rating on the criteria set by the
researcher, e.g. Workability, Functionality, etc.) Also include in the summary the
ff:
- Project Description and Structure (features)
- Summary of Test Results

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 - Summary of Project Evaluation Results
Conclusions (to indicate whether the specific objectives were attained e.g. design,
construct and evaluate the project)
Recommendations (suggestions of evaluations and those mentioned by the panel for
project improvement during the final defense)

REFERENCES (arrange alphabetically) hanging indent

Include books, periodicals, electronic sources used to enrich the conceptual

framework of the study. The format should be as follows:

Books

Angelo, T. and Cross, P. (1988). Classroom Assessment Techniques: A Handbook for College
Teachers Book Description. Jossey Bass Adult and Higher Education Series

Unpublished Theses and Dissertations

Felipe, L. (1985). “A Survey of the Audio Visual Resources at the Mariano Marcos State
University, and Their Utilization by the Faculty with Implications to a Proposed Audio-
Visual Center”. Unpublished Thesis. University of the Philippines, Diliman .

Journals and Publications

Earle, R. (2002).”The Integration of Instructional Technology in to Public Education:

Promises and Challenges”. Educational Technology Magazine .Vol. 42, 5-13

Electronic Sources

American Heart Association. (n.d.). American Heart Association health risk

assessment. Retrieved January 10, 2010,
from http://www.americanheart.org/risk/quiz.html
Note: Include retrieval date if the online source is likely to change/be updated in future.

NOT ACCEPTED
Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. “Mechatronics”. August 2008 retrieved last November
2009 from http://www.Wikibooks.org/Mechatronics

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APPENDIXES

Appendixes include the ff:

Gantt Chart
Sample Evaluation Instrument
Correspondence
Profile of Respondents (in matrix form)
Laboratory Test Results (if needed)
Total Budgetary Requirements - needed
Tools and Equipment Used –
Pictures Taken During Fabrication, Testing and Evaluation
Summary of Mean Scores from the Evaluation
User’s Manual

RESEARCHER’S PROFILE

Provide simple curriculum vitae of the researcher.

USER’S MANUAL

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 GENERAL THESIS FORMAT GUIDELINES
Retrieved from http://www.vanguard.edu/faculty/ddegelman/detail.aspx?doc_id=796

I. General Document Guidelines

A. Margins: 1.50 inch left margin , One inch on the remaining sides (top,
bottom, right)
B. Font Size and Type: 12-pt. Times New Roman –&courier APA
C. Line Spacing: Double-space throughout the body of the document,
including the appendixes, except in the title page, abstract, tables,
figures, and references.
D. Spacing after Punctuation: Space once after commas, colons, and
semicolons within sentences. Insert two spaces after punctuation marks
that end sentences.
E. Alignment: Justified
F. Pagination: The page number appears one inch from the upper right
edge of the paper on the first line of every page except the first page of
Chapter 1.
II. Abstract: The abstract is a one-paragraph, self-contained summary of the most
important elements of the paper.
A. Pagination: The abstract begins on a new page.
B. Heading: "Abstract" (centered on the first line)
C. Format: The abstract (in block format) begins on the line following the
Abstract heading. The abstract word limit is set by individual journals.
Typically, the word limit is between 150 and 250 words. All numbers in
the abstract (except those beginning a sentence) should be typed as
digits rather than words.
III. Body
A. Pagination: The body of the paper begins on a new page. Subsections
of the body of the paper do not begin on new pages. (Every Chapters)
B. Title: The title of the paper (in uppercase and lowercase letters) is
centered on the first line below the running head. (ex.Chapter 1-
Introduction both at center alignment)
C. Introduction: The introduction (which is not labeled) begins on the line
following the paper title.
IV. Text citations: Source material must be documented in the body of the paper
by citing the author(s) and date(s) of the sources. The underlying principle is
that ideas and words of others must be formally acknowledged. The reader can
obtain the full source citation from the list of references that follows the body
of the paper.

A. When the names of the authors of a source are part of the formal
structure of the sentence, the year of publication appears in parentheses

16
 following the identification of the authors. Consider the following
example:

Wirth and Mitchell (1994) found that although there was a reduction in
insulin dosage over a period of two weeks in the treatment condition
compared to the control condition, the difference was not statistically
significant. [Note: and is used when multiple authors are identified as
part of the formal structure of the sentence. Compare this to the
example in the following section.]

B. When the authors of a source are not part of the formal structure of the
sentence, both the authors and year of publication appear in parentheses.
Consider the following example:

Reviews of research on religion and health have concluded that at least

some types of religious behaviors are related to higher levels of physical
and mental health (Gartner, Larson, & Allen, 1991; Koenig, 1990;
Levin & Vanderpool, 1991; Maton & Pargament, 1987; Paloma &
Pendleton, 1991; Payne, Bergin, Bielema, & Jenkins, 1991). [Note: &
is used when multiple authors are identified in parenthetical material.
Note also that when several sources are cited parenthetically, they are
ordered alphabetically by first authors' surnames and separated by
semicolons.]

C. When a source that has two authors is cited, both authors are included
every time the source is cited.
D. When a source that has three, four, or five authors is cited, all authors
are included the first time the source is cited. When that source is cited
again, the first author's surname and "et al." are used. Consider the
following example:

Reviews of research on religion and health have concluded that at least

some types of religious behaviors are related to higher levels of physical
and mental health (Payne, Bergin, Bielema, & Jenkins, 1991).

Payne et al. (1991) showed that ...

E. When a source that has six or more authors is cited, the first author's
surname and "et al." are used every time the source is cited (including
the first time).
F. Every effort should be made to cite only sources that you have actually
read. When it is necessary to cite a source that you have not read
("Grayson" in the following example) that is cited in a source that you
have read ("Murzynski & Degelman" in the following example), use the
following format for the text citation and list only the source you have
read in the References list:

17
 Grayson (as cited in Murzynski & Degelman, 1996) identified four
components of body language that were related to judgments of
vulnerability.

G. To cite a personal communication (including letters, emails, and

telephone interviews), include initials, surname, and as exact a date as
possible. Because a personal communication is not "recoverable"
information, it is not included in the References section. For the text
citation, use the following format:

B. F. Skinner (personal communication, February 12, 1978) claimed ...

H. To cite a Web document, use the author-date format. If no author is

identified, use the first few words of the title in place of the author. If no
date is provided, use "n.d." in place of the date. Consider the following
examples:

Degelman (2009) summarizes guidelines for the use of APA writing

style.

Changes in Americans' views of gender status differences have been

documented (Gender and Society, n.d.).

I. To cite the Bible, provide the book, chapter, and verse. The first time
the Bible is cited in the text, identify the version used. Consider the
following example:

"You are forgiving and good, O Lord, abounding in love to all who call
to you" (Psalm 86:5, New International Version). [Note: No entry in
the References list is needed for the Bible.]

V. Quotations: When a direct quotation is used, always include the author, year,
and page number as part of the citation.

A. A quotation of fewer than 40 words should be enclosed in double

quotation marks and should be incorporated into the formal structure of
the sentence. Consider the following example:

Patients receiving prayer had "less congestive heart failure, required

less diuretic and antibiotic therapy, had fewer episodes of pneumonia,
had fewer cardiac arrests, and were less frequently intubated and
ventilated" (Byrd, 1988, p. 829).

B. A lengthier quotation of 40 or more words should appear (without

quotation marks) apart from the surrounding text, in block format, with
each line indented five spaces from the left margin.

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 VI. References : All sources must be included in the References section.
A. Pagination: The References section begins on a new page.
B. Heading: "REFERENCES" (centered on the first line)
C. Format: The References (with hanging indent) begins on the line
following the References heading. Entries are organized alphabetically
by surnames of first authors. Most reference entries have the
following components:

1. Authors: Authors are listed in the same order as specified in the

source, using surnames and initials. Commas separate all
authors. When there are eight or more authors, list the first six
authors followed by three ellipses (...) and then the final
author. If no author is identified, the title of the document begins
the reference.
2. Year of Publication: In parentheses following authors, with a
period following the closing parenthesis. If no publication date
is identified, use "n.d." in parentheses following the authors.
3. Source Reference: Includes title, journal, volume, pages (for
journal article) or title, city of publication, publisher (for
book). Italicize titles of books, titles of periodicals, and
periodical volume numbers.
4. Electronic Retrieval Information: Electronic retrieval
information may include digital object identifiers (DOIs) or
uniform resource locators (URLs). DOIs are unique
alphanumeric identifiers that lead users to digital source
material. To learn whether an article has been assigned a DOI,
go to http://www.crossref.org/guestquery/.
D. Example of APA-formatted References: Go to
http://www.vanguard.edu/uploadedFiles/Psychology/references.pdf
E. Examples of sources

1. Journal article with DOI

Murzynski, J., & Degelman, D. (1996). Body language of

women and judgments of vulnerability to sexual assault.
Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 26, 1617-1626.
doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1996.tb00088.x

2. Journal article without DOI, print version

Koenig, H. G. (1990). Research on religion and mental

health in later life: A review and commentary. Journal
of Geriatric Psychiatry, 23, 23-53.

3. Journal article without DOI, retrieved online [Note: For

articles retrieved from databases, include the URL of the journal

19
 home page. Database information is not needed. Do not include
the date of retrieval.]

Aldridge, D. (1991). Spirituality, healing and medicine.

British Journal of General Practice, 41, 425-427.
Retrieved from
http://www.rcgp.org.uk/publications/bjgp.aspx

4. Book

Paloutzian, R. F. (1996). Invitation to the psychology of

religion (2nd ed.). Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon.

5. Informally published Web document

Degelman, D. (2009). APA style essentials. Retrieved from

http://www.vanguard.edu/faculty/ddegelman/detail.aspx
?doc_id=796

6. Informally published Web document (no date)

Nielsen, M. E. (n.d.). Notable people in psychology of

religion. Retrieved from
http://www.psywww.com/psyrelig/psyrelpr.htm

7. Informally published Web document (no author, no date)

Gender and society. (n.d.). Retrieved from

http://www.trinity.edu/~mkearl/gender.html

8. Abstract from secondary database

Garrity, K., & Degelman, D. (1990). Effect of server

introduction on restaurant tipping. Journal of Applied
Social Psychology, 20, 168-172. Abstract retrieved from
PsycINFO database.

9. Article or chapter in an edited book

Shea, J. D. (1992). Religion and sexual adjustment. In J. F.

Schumaker (Ed.), Religion and mental health (pp. 70-
84). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

10. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

20
 American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and
statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed., text
rev.). Washington, DC: Author.

VII. Tables: A common use of tables is to present quantitative data or the results of
statistical analyses (such as ANOVA). See the Publication Manual (2010, pp.
128-150) for detailed examples. Tables must be mentioned in the text.
A. Pagination: Each Table begins on a separate page.
B. Heading: "Table 1" (or 2 or 3, etc.) is typed flush left on the first line
below the running head. Double-space and type the table title flush left,
Italics ( in uppercase and lowercase letters).

Example:

Table originally done by the author

Table Derived from a Source

Table 2
Sample Responses to the ROLNOW Survey

Variable Question Sample responses

“Cool as a cucumber in a bowl of hot

sauce.”a
Coolness How cool did you feel?
“Not at all cool. I actually felt kind of
dorky.”b

How motivated and “I felt ready to take on the world!”c

Motivation/energy
energized did you feel? “Not very. I almost fell asleep!”b

Source:Dumile and Jackson (2015, p. 31). bIyer, Lehman, and Sorey (2014, p. 79). cOnuki, Agata, and
Hamamoto (2014, p. 101). dGarcia, Homme, Oliveri, and Bjork (2014, p. 47). eAtashin (2013, p. 56)

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 VIII. Figures: A common use of Figures is to present graphs, photographs, or other
illustrations (other than tables). See the Publication Manual (2010, pp. 150-
167) for detailed examples.
A. Pagination: Figures begin on a separate page.
B. Figure Caption: "Figure 1." (or 2 or 3, etc.) is typed center aligned on
the first line below the figure, immediately followed on the same line by
the caption (which should be a brief descriptive phrase).

Example:

Figure originally done by the author

Figure derived from a source

Figure 1. Color Sensor

Source: www.hitechnic.com

IX. Appendixes: A common use of appendixes is to present unpublished tests or to

describe complex equipment or stimulus materials.
A. Pagination: Each Appendix begins on a separate page.
B. Heading: If there is only one appendix, "Appendix" is centered on the
first line below the manuscript page header. If there is more than one

22
 appendix, use Appendix A (or B or C, etc.). Double-space and type the
appendix title (centered in uppercase letters).

Example: please refer to file : Appendixes.docx

23