Wargames Illustrated 292
Wargames Illustrated 292
DARKEST
AFRICA
Battles in the
Dark Continent
First look at
the new rules
ISSN 0957-6444
02
p l u s : fa l l i n ! 2 0 1 1 s h o w r e p o r t, f o w m a s t e r s A N D m u c h M O R E !
Our theme content this month takes us to sub-Saharan Africa in search of action, adventure
and lots of tabletop excitement, as we explore the gaming potential of the Dark Continent
during the 19th Century. Along the way we encounter Zulus, Matabele, Jervis Johnson, Ila,
British Redcoats, Rick Priestley and much more besides.
Other articles this month take us on a tour of a super-large (yet super-detailed) Battle
darkest africa: of Sedgemoor game, teach us how to play campaign games in a day, and explore the
a wargamer’s guide ... 24 wargaming potential of The Battle of Ligny, plus more besides!
Dan Faulconbridge
U.K. Editor
This month’s cover illustration is by Peter Dennis, and comes from the cover of the
Warlord Games ‘Rorke’s Drift Battle Set’, used with Warlord’s kind permission.
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FR746
Artillery Battery
Legionnaire
Variety is the spice of Life!
Sapper Platoon February is a great month where we have • The Hungarians get the new
FR320 Laffly S15TOE a wide range of products, so whether Heavy Mortar platoon and Huszár
Armoured Car you are into Late War, Early War, or the Cavalry platoon.
Eastern Front, there is something there • The French add their bearded, axe-
IT752 Libyan Infantry Platoon
for you. wielding Legionnaire Sapper Platoon
(with company HQ)
• The Gebirgsjäger receive the rest of and Tirailleur artillery batteries.
GE894 Oberstleutnant Dr. Franz their support weapons.
Bäke (with Panther A)
HU708 Huszár Cavalry Platoon
• 25 February
BB137 Rural Farm Buildings
BB138 Rural Fields and Fences
BB132 Barbed Wire x4 (8x10cm)
BB131 Trenchlines
BB130 Minefields &
Tank Traps
• 3 March
GBX62 BP42/44 Locomotive
GBX63 BP42/44 Artillery Car
GBX64 BP42/44 Infantry Car
GBX65 BP42/44 Anti-aircraft Car
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• REVIEWS
Our regular round up of reviews.
Osprey Publishing
Picks of the month
TUNNEL RAT IN VIETNAM
By Gordon L Rottman
In 1965, soon after the first US combat
THE LEE-ENFIELD RIFLE troops had arrived in Vietnam, it
was realized that in some areas the
By Martin Pegler
Viet Cong had developed vast tunnel
The Lee-Enfield is one of the 20th complexes in which to hide from the
THE FALL OF ENGLISH Century’s most recognisable and enemy. It was long known that such
FRANCE 1449–53 longest-serving military rifles. It complexes existed, but it was not
was adopted by the British Army in realized just how extensive they were
By David Nicolle
1895 and only replaced by the L1A1 in some areas, how important they were
Despite the great English victories SLR in 1957. It saw combat from the to the Viet Cong, and how difficult it
at Crécy, Poitiers and Agincourt, Boer War onwards, and thousands was to detect and neutralize them. At
the French eventually triumphed in are still in use today; it is estimated first infantrymen volunteered to enter
the Hundred Years War. This book that 17 million have been produced. the tunnels armed with only pistols
examines the last campaign of the war, Soldiers’ recollections of the rifle and flashlights - the ‘tunnel runners’
covering the great battles at Formigny are overwhelmingly affectionate it were born, known to the Australians
in 1450 and Castillon in 1453. The was known as the Smellie. Today it as ‘tunnel ferrets’. They came to be
battle of Formigny saw French cavalry remains a very popular target rifle for known simply as ‘tunnel rats’ with the
defeat English archers in a reverse competitive shooting, and modern unofficial motto Non Gratum Anus
of those earlier English victories, copies are being manufactured to Rodentum - ‘Not Worth a Rat’s Ass’.
while Castillon became the first great meet demand. Featuring first-hand This title is based on the personal
success for gunpowder artillery in fixed accounts, brand-new full-colour accounts of those who served in this
positions. Finally, the book explains artwork and close-up photographs, unique role and describes the specialist
how the seemingly unmartial King this is the story of the Lee-Enfield, the training and equipment, not to mention
Charles VII of France all but drove the innovative, reliable and long-lived rifle the tactics and combat experiences, of
English into the sea, succeeding where that equipped British and other forces those who fought an underground war
so many of his predecessors had failed. through the world wars and beyond. against the Viet Cong in Vietnam.
www.ospreypublishing.com
If you have any news regarding releases, conventions, or other goings on, please send it through (along with some photos or a logo) to news@wargamesillustrated .net
5
M ag a z wabforum.co.uk
ur in
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Ne
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Wartorn 2012!
Wartorn is a festival of historical and fantasy gaming being held
at Scarborough Spa (30 June -1 July 2012, to be precise).
Now in its second year, Wartorn features a variety of display
and participation games for all the family. These include the
English Civil War’s major battle at Marston Moor in 1644 and
the giant Napoleonic battle of Borodino in Russia in 1812.
There are loads of competitions to enter including Flames of
War (Late War) and 15mm Ancients, 28mm Renaissance and
15mm Napoleonics using Field of Glory rules. Also running
are 28mm Hail Caesar, 28mm Impetus, Warmachine, Hordes,
Warhammer, Warhammer 40,000, and Kings of War events.
Entries and further details can be found by contacting
Kelvin on 01723 501793 or visiting:
www.wartornuk.com
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EDITION
the world’s most popular World War II miniatures game. This edition retains
all the features that have already given us so many hours of enjoyable historical
tactical challenges, while improving the speed of play and how the rules are
presented. In the next few pages will give you an insight into some of the changes
and why we made them.
It’s bigger. Does that mean it’s better? I think so. But what I am sure
of is that it is more graphical, it is easier to follow, it’s faster, but most
importantly it is still Flames Of War, pure and simple.
I have had the pleasure of watching all the Battlefront studio staff
really excel themselves and to them and everyone else involved I
thank you for giving us the biggest and best Flames Of War ever.
- Peter Simunovich, Editor
10
With almost six years between the current and the new version of the rules, I have had plenty of time to think about
what I would do differently next time. It is fair to say that the game was not my big concern as I knew that Phil, Pete,
and the studio would improve what needed improving, and streamline the rest. My goal was to see the rulebook include
more than just rules, so that any new players would not only be able to play the game, but also be given a serious leg-up
in choosing their first army and getting it tabletop ready. The idea of including two additional books was not a huge
leap once I knew what I wanted, and when you spend a year developing a project, what is another 140 pages amongst
friends! We did think about just making one massive tome, but quickly dismissed the idea as not very user-friendly.
After all, who wants to lug around a 2.1kg book to play a game when you need each part at different times.
The complete third edition rules set now comes with Forces and Hobby books to get you well and truly started,
leaving you one last decision - which tank to buy first!
- John-Paul Brisigotti, Editor
Hobby
In the Flames Of War Hobby book you will find information on the activities that surround
Flames Of War and define it as a pastime. It includes collecting and building an army, with all the fun of
painting and modelling, researching the history, and selecting the elements of your force in anticipation of your
first game with it, and setting up a gaming table and playing games in a club or competitive setting.
11
One of Pete’s requests was to make the Rather than using traditional top-down Doing the diagrams in this style probably
link between the rules in the book and the diagrams, I wanted to achieve this using added over 100 pages to the new version
miniatures on the table more intuitive, fumetti or ‘photograph comics’ to create of the rules, but I think the clarity that
making the rules engage the reader on a windows into real game situations - they provide is well worth the extra space
more personal level. summarising the rules on the tabletop. and effort.
12
“It is entirely possible to learn six months of hard work and stress, long
weeks and sleepless nights, working on
Obviously the rules form the core of the Alternatively, it is entirely possible
book. Each topic has a summary that to learn the rules and be able to start
repeats the core information as a useful playing by just reading the summaries There is no more confusion between the A4
reminder. When you have read the rules and diagrams, and only read the full hardback and the A5 mini-rulebook page
once, these summaries should be all you rules when you need clarification for references, as all the rules page references
need to answer any rules questions. some rules. are the same between both versions.
13
18”/45cm
12”/30cm
A Half-tracked vehicle team moving
Cross-country can move 12”/30cm.
On a Road it moves 18”/45cm.
Transport vehicles are much more useful in the new version of Flames Of War. Wheeled vehicles and wagons move
considerably faster (50% faster for trucks!), and they and half-tracks move much faster on roads.
Some teams have better saves now. Gun teams get a 3+ save when gone to ground, while recce vehicles always have a 3+
save. Portee guns with gun shields don’t have a save, but the enemy needs a firepower test to knock them out.
14
TRANSPORTS
With assaults sorted out, I turned my attention to
transports. I wanted to make them easier to use. A
big part of the solution was to make dismounting far
The focus for the third edition of Flames Empty transports must be sent to the rear, but they can be brought forward
Of War is firmly on making the game again when needed, giving them much more flexibility.
easier to learn and play. The area that
seemed to create the most questions from
second-edition players was assaults, so
that was one of my first targets for the
new edition of the rules. Fortunately, a
long discussion on the way home from a
tournament provided the inspiration for
most of the answers.
ASSAULTS
The first problem I tackled was deciding
who was actually involved in the assault.
The best answer turned out to be the
simplest—anyone close enough to the
assaulting teams. This makes it far easier
for beginners to work out who they will
actually be fighting and reduces the
amount of fiddling around considerably.
The second step was to have all of the
defending platoons take their motivation
test to counterattack with the same
die roll, so defending with parts of
two platoons is no longer better than
defending with a single platoon.
The new rules simplify charging into
contact. Now, once the closest team
has charged, the main requirement is to
maximise the number of enemy teams
contacted by charging teams.
I also wanted to clean up what happens
at the end of an assault as well. Break-
through assaults are gone. Instead, the
consolidation rules require the defenders
to get out of the way of the victors when
they consolidate. If they can’t get out of
the way, they have to surrender.
Another issue that needed work was the
role of anti-tank guns. Under the new
rules, assaulting tanks are forced to fall
back and abandon the assault if they take
two casualties (destroyed or bailed out)
from defensive fire. In addition, guns can
use their normal anti-tank rating against
the side armour rating of assaulting tanks
when they fight in assaults. The net result
is that tanks think much more carefully
15
16
8”/20cm
Teams beyond
8”/20cm cannot
defensive fire.
MISSIONS The new assault rules simplify the process of determining who is involved in an
As well as the rules changes, I wanted assault. Teams within 8''/20cm can shoot in defensive fire and counterattack.
to provide a greater range of missions in
the new edition. Now there are thirteen the ability of all teams to start gone-to- Overall, the new edition of the rules
standard missions, up from six in the ground in every mission. Combined with combines the best of the Flames Of War
old rules, with all of the old missions the ability to stay gone-to-ground while that players have come to know with
included in an updated form. Perhaps the digging in, this latter change really helps changes that improve the balance of the
biggest changes to the old missions is infantry at the start of many missions. game and make it easier to learn and play.
Flame-throwers are very effective against infantry and guns, but need to pass a firepower test to bail out a fully-armoured tank.
Flame-throwers shoot
once per game, rolling
Skill Tests to hit.
Flame-
throwers can
only move
6”/15cm if they
want to shoot,
but do so at
their full ROF.
17
18
19
FLAMES OF WAR
FORCES
Whether you are a recent recruit to Flames Of War,
War
or a seasoned veteran, the Forces Book has something
for everyone.
For new players, the Forces book contains all the information
you need to start building your force, from company structures
to platoon entries and arsenals detailing vehicle and weapon
stats. The book contains thirteen core Intelligence Briefings
covering tank, mechanised and infantry forces from the main
combatants: Germany, United States, Great Britain and the
Soviet Union for the late war period.
The briefings have side-by-side comparisons of different
vehicles, guns and infantry weapons, to help you to choose
between the different options available to your army. Summaries
of key special rules help you to get the most out of your
chosen army.
Seasoned veterans will find this book a useful resource about the
nations they already play, an insight into nations that they come
up against, and the inspiration to start collecting and gaming
with another nation.
20
21
As a wargaming period ‘Darkest Africa’ is relatively new, and some Victorian explorers, that strip across the
readers might understandably still be wondering what it is all about. middle of the continent that was still
Of course no one can really ‘invent’ a historical period, but the title being opened up in the last quarter of the
originated with the figure range which Mark Copplestone did for 19th Century.
Foundry about 13 years ago. That is not quite what ‘Darkest Africa’
seems to mean now, though. Like any
Inspired mainly by the adventures of obscure little wars and publicised them period worth its salt it has escaped from
Henry Morton Stanley in the 1870s, it in a series of articles in this magazine, its creators and trekked up-country into
comprised explorers, askaris, Arabs, and and the popularity of the period soon new territories that we never envisaged
some specific and generic tribal types took off - still driven, in the main, by when we started. It probably started
from East Africa and the Congo. I was Mark’s superb figures. My first published when Foundry incorporated their Zulu
already writing a book on 19th Century rulebook, In the Heart of Africa, came War range into the Darkest Africa one.
East African armies for Foundry at the out a couple of years later, and was still At first, though, we were very keen to
time, and so I got involved with a set of focused mainly on the Foundry range distinguish it from ‘colonial’ gaming. I
rules specifically designed for gaming (later on, of course, expanded by Mark must admit that I have always had a bit of
with these figures. At first some people under the name of Copplestone Castings). a prejudice against mainstream colonial
thought the whole subject was not The rules were basically a skirmish set, games. They seem too one-sided, and
military enough for a proper wargame, using individually based figures, and usually devoid of much tactical interest.
but Mark and I dug up some hitherto dealt exclusively with the Africa of the To make things even less interesting, a
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27
disadvantages of firearms vis a vis trade muskets. They are cheap in points,
pre-gunpowder weapons in a previous hard to hit, especially in cover, and en
TRADITIONAL article.) Of course, as we do not have any
drill books or written military regulations
masse can be quite effective. If you
prefer the more expensive Elite option, an
SKIRMISHERS for these armies we have to rely on
battle reports of varying reliability, and
Azande, Dahomean or Ila army (figures
available from Foundry/Copplestone,
it is not always easy to fit a particular Dixon and North Star respectively)
The majority of traditional African
tribe’s fighting style into a category. would be a good choice. Tactically, you
warriors fought mainly with missile
The Azande, for example, appear in the will have to be clever if you want to win
weapons - usually spears or bows,
accounts of Georg Schweinfurth and E. with any of these armies. Lay ambushes,
but throwing knives, slings and even
Evans-Pritchard as classic missile-armed and take advantage of cover and your
crossbows were not unknown. They were
skirmishers, but they were also able to get mobility in difficult terrain. Charge with
not trained or equipped primarily for
stuck in when necessary, and on at least your Elites, ideally with a chief at their
hand-to-hand fighting, and tended to run
one occasion broke a Belgian square. head, to pick off isolated enemy units,
away if charged vigorously by those who
It is for people like these that my rules but try to resist the temptation to hurl
were. Under this heading I would also
have a category of Elite Skirmishers, who your masses at regular firing lines. If you
include those - like the Ashanti - who
are not only excellent shots but are also let Warriors charge you, you have had
had got hold of imported muskets, but
effective in the charge, though less so on it, but your Elites can take the initiative
used them in a traditional way, mainly for
the defensive. Ordinary (ie. non-Elite) and charge outnumbered or disordered
close range volleys fired from ambush.
Skirmishers is the default class for run Warriors with a fair chance of success.
(I have discussed the advantages and
of the mill villagers with spears, bows or
28
TRADITIONAL WARRIORS
29
30
There are many other possibilities which defy classification. Pygmies are an extreme version of the Skirmisher option, even harder
to hit, even better shots, but even more vulnerable at close quarters. They are lethal in jungle terrain, but not much use outside it. The
armoured Hausa cavalry of the northern savannah (check out Irregular Miniatures’ catalogue for these) are well protected against
spears and arrows and can be used like Warriors in open country, but are very vulnerable to steady opponents with firearms. With
their brightly coloured and patterned quilts for men and horses they are one of the most colourful wargames armies of all time.
The Musgum from Chad and Cameroon are mainly light cavalry with throwing knives, an unusual combination which should give
opponents some problems. All in all there is really no excuse for getting bored with Darkest Africa! If you have read this far you are
probably a convert anyway, but if not I strongly recommend it for any player in search of something different.
31
Ila
Peaceful cattle herding people of Central Africa, unfortunately their success in
cattle rearing made them a target of their neighbours and they fought many
defensive wars over the years until they became part of the British Empire.
Matabele
Warrior Nation of Central Africa, terrorised neighbouring tribes
for 50 years before being defeated by the private army of Cecil
Rhodes, the British South Africa Company.
Also includes the Shangani Patrol vignette figures, the Shangani Patrol
being one of the epic ‘last stand’ episodes of the British Empire.
Animals
We also make a wide selection of wild and domestic
African animals to add some colour to your table-tops.
Scenery
We will be expanding our range
of terrain pieces, at the moment
we have a Matabele/ Zulu hut and
South African wagon.
DEATH IN THE
DARK CO NTINENT
Now in it’s second print run, Death in the Dark Continent is our popular set of fast play
rules for late 19th Century Africa.
A game of Death in the Dark Continent only takes between 1-2 hours to play, and doesn’t
need a great deal of figures. A British Red Coat army only needs to be around 35 figures.
We have loads of free downloadable army lists on our website under the Ruga Ruga
Publications title, along with extra rules and rule amendments.
If you want to see some photos of Death in the Dark Continent games being played to
give you an idea of what is involved, then please visit the photo gallery on the North Star
Facebook page.
To try to draw you into our rules, I’m offering the rules at a special discount price of only
£9.50. The offer price will last until the next issue of Wargames Illustated is out.
rrp £14.00
NOW £9.50!
THE wazung u!
Wazungu was a Swahili word to describe white explorers in the 19th Century.
It wasn’t a word related to their skin colour, but meant something strange and
frightening, testifying to the impression explorers gave with their bizarre appearance
and terrifying weapons.
H.J.Stanleigh, a violent and brash
Wazungu is also the term used for the explorer figures in our game Death in the Dark American, followed the trail of Reggie
Continent, where they can either be part of a Native army or form their own Explorer Bunter into the Congo. He never found a
army. trace of Bunter, but answered the tribal
warcries of ‘Niam, Niam’ with pounds
of hot lead, blasted into the jungle until
there was silence, smoke and shattered
The Hunter, a little known and much
greenery all around him.
feared character, described by the Nairobi
Worthies as ‘a right nasty piece of work’.
Dedicated to the hunt, his reputation
for killing everything he set his sights on
was famous, though perhaps the time
he ‘allegedly’ turned a maxim gun on a
herd of 100 Elephants ranks as his most Freddie Seelow, famed Elephant hunter
infamous moment. and friend to Africans. His favoured garb
when in the bush was just his shirt and
a pair of soft shoes, with his treasured
and trusty Elephant gun. Unhindered
with pants, Freddie could race after his
wounded prey through the bush for miles
to administer the final shot.
Using modified SHAKO rules, habitual solo wargamer Chris Hahn offers 45" deep. The size of my interpretation of
us an interpretation of the smaller battle fought on 16 June 1815. Ligny was well within the bounds of the
SHAKO rules. On page 26 of said rules,
DIVIDED INSPIRATION A LIKENESS OF LIGNY Arty Conliffe allows, “In scenario play,
towns may be any number of sectors
In Chapter 5 of his excellent book, A ground scale of “one inch equals 40 large and conform to any shape.” The
The Eagle’s Last Triumph, Andrew meters” was established by taking careful finished design of my tabletop is shown
Uffindell offers a gripping and sometimes measurements of specific features on a in Map 1 (on the following spread).
graphic narrative of the four phases of battlefield brochure map. This approach
the battle of attrition between a feisty followed the type-written counsel of ADJUSTMENTS
Field Marshal and a returned-from-exile Charles Grant and Donald Featherstone Establishing a ground scale for a set of
Emperor. When the attention is focused (see Chapter 2 of Mr. Grant’s Wargame rules that has no definitive ground scale
on the contest for possession of the Tactics, wherein he addresses questions does necessitate a few adjustments. In
village by which the battle is named, the of scale, and page 10 of the Introduction addition, there is a bit of compromise
built-up area is compared to a crucible to Battle Notes for Wargamers, where involved. At the risk of contradicting
wherein “battalions melted like lumps of the two standards for refighting historical myself, the overall goal was to maintain
gold”. Intrigued by the idea of staging a battles are listed), and resulted in a model and or retain historical accuracy. In
different kind of Napoleonic engagement village measuring 20" long by 15" wide. order to conform to the information
on my tabletop and interested in the This 800m by 600m built-up area was regarding unit frontage detailed on page
challenges such a project would offer, I situated in the approximate center of a 47 of the Introduction to Napoleon
grabbed my tool kit and started to work. miniature field measuring 55" across by at War, the frontage of a 25mm scale
infantry battalion was set at 4.5". At the
determined scale, this worked out to
a frontage of 180m, which is just five
meters off of the suggested historical
frontage. The questions pertaining to
movement rates, artillery and musketry
ranges were answered by using 25mm
movement rates and artillery ranges, but
using 15mm ranges to resolve skirmish
and volley fire. As it turned out, this
last adjustment proved unnecessary;
the majority of exchanges took place
within the defined sectors of Ligny. The
historical range for battalion volleys or
the harassing fire from skirmisher stands
was not really an issue.
34
Napoleonic Wars
which Entered Ligny Village.’ While
all of the Prussian information is on the
page, details for the French units must
1803-1815
be hunted for in the narrative and online.
Translating the provided and collected
data into SHAKO terms is a relatively
simple process.
For the Prussians:
• Two Regular battalions (Unit Morale
Rating 4/1), two Second Rate battalions
(3/0) and one skirmisher stand (2/0),
make up the initial Prussian garrison of
Ligny. [In brief, the reduction of skirmish
“power” from 3/0 to 2/0 was based on
the reasoning that collected companies
of light troops should not be the
approximate equals of regular battalions.]
One of the Regular battalions could be
changed into a Fusilier unit. It would
have the same Unit Morale Rating when
formed, but if deployed as two skirmisher
stands, the Unit Morale Rating of each Map 1 - The Terrain of “Little Ligny”: The large gray rectangle marked with
would be (2/0). the letter A represents the village. It is built from 12 sectors, each measuring 6 or
7" long by 3.5 or 4" wide. The brook, indicated by the light blue line, divides the
• In Phase 1, which I estimate lasted from village into northern and southern halves. The four crossing points (as identified
3:00 pm until 4:15 pm, two additional on the Plate 4 of Siborne’s Atlas), are indicated by the letter I. The Chateau
Prussian battalions entered the struggle. of Ligny is labeled with the letter B. The gentle slopes on the French side of
One battalion is classed as Regulars; the the miniature field are marked with the letter C. A portion of the Bois du Loup
other battalion is classed as Second Rate. occupies the upper right corner, and is marked with a D. The majority of the
• In Phase 2, which ran from 4:15 pm playing surface is classified as Open/Clear terrain.
until 5:30 pm (approximately), six more
Prussian units arrived to help hold on to
the village. These units are represented
by four battalions of Regulars and two
battalions of Second Rate infantry.
Again, one of the Regular units could be
deployed/used as a Fusilier battalion.
• In Phase 3, lasting from 5:30 pm to 7:15
pm (again, approximately), a grand total
of nine Prussian battalions reinforced the
units fighting in Ligny. Five of these units
are Regulars, the rest are Second Rate.
For the French:
• Phase I sees the deployment and
advance of Pecheux’s 12th Division.
Ten battalions of Regulars (Unit Morale
Rating 4/1) are needed to represent
this formation. Four skirmisher stands
(2/0) are also required. Two of these
stands represent the collected voltigeur
companies of the line battalions, while
the other two stands represent the one
battalion of the 6th Light, which may be
deployed as a skirmish screen. Map 2 - Scenario Specifics: The red bar (1) marks the deployment line for
• In Phase 2, four battalions of Vichery’s Prussian reinforcements. The arrival point of each battalion is rolled for with a
13th Division arrive. These units are 1D6. The light yellow rectangles (2a, 2b) indicate the fields of fire for off-board
Regulars as well. They are accompanied Prussian artillery. Two batteries cover 2a; one battery covers 2b. The deployment
by a single stand of skirmishers. lines for French infantry are marked by the blue lines (3). The light gray rectangle
(4) indicates the deployment zone for the two batteries of Guard artillery. These
• Phase 3 brings on the rest of Vichery’s cannon participate in the localized action for 45 minutes or 3 complete game
strength, four more battalions of turns. The guns of Gerard’s formations should be arranged on the gentle slope
Regulars. A single skirmisher stand will located on the French edge of the table.
be attached to this half of the 13th.
35
Note: In this scenario, I am not interested The center section is occupied on a roll guns should include a foot battery stand
in gaming the irresistible advance of the of 3-4. On a result of 5-6, the reinforcing for Pecheux’s Division along with a stand
Imperial Guard, so there is no Phase 4. battalion enters on the right. representing the Corps artillery. These
two batteries should be deployed 20 to 25
In sum, the Prussians will have 21 At the start of the 3:15 turn, the two
inches from the nearest sector of Ligny.
battalions and one skirmisher stand on the battalions of Phase 1 arrive. The six
They may fire without restriction in the
tabletop. If the Fusilier units are deployed battalions scheduled to appear in Phase 2:45 turn. This salvo would represent a
as skirmishers, then they will have 19 2 roll for their entry points at the start of bombardment prior to the advance of the
battalions and five stands of light troops. the 4:45 turn. The large group of units 12th Division. At the start of the 3:45
The French will muster 18 battalions. scheduled to arrive in Phase 3 rolls for turn, two Guard foot batteries arrive and
The voltigeurs of both divisions provide its entry assignments at the start of the deploy on the eastern edge of the field,
four skirmisher stands. Six stands will be 5:45 turn. 18 inches from the nearest village sector.
required if the battalion of the 6th Light These guns are in play for three game
Pecheux’s 12th Division deploys 12
deploys as a screen. turns only. At the end of the 4:30 turn,
inches away from the southern limits of
AMENDMENTS AND the village, in three columns screened they are removed from the table. The
ARRIVAL TIMES by skirmishers. The 2:45 turn will be divisional guns of Vichery arrive with the
the first move for these troops. The first first reinforcements from that command.
The approximate time scale in SHAKO is This battery is deployed 20 to 25 inches
group of reinforcements from Vichery’s
reduced from 20-30 minutes per turn to from the nearest village sector. Prior to
13th Division will have to roll for their
15 minutes. With a start time of 2:45 and resolving French artillery fire each turn,
arrival point just like the Prussian units.
finish time of 7:15, the wargame lasts 1D6 is rolled. On a result of 1-2, two
The difference here is that the French
18 moves. batteries are dedicated to counter-battery
deployment zone consists of three
The Prussian garrison is deployed in the separate lines 12 inches long. Another fire and so cannot engage targets in or
village as desired, following the rules for difference is that the French do not roll around Ligny. On a result of 3-4, one
occupancy of town sectors. A skirmisher for each battalion in the reinforcing battery is determined to be busy shooting
stand or formed battalion may also be formation; the French roll one die for the at Prussian batteries. With a roll of 5-6,
placed in the Chateau of Ligny. entire command. The first group from none of the French batteries are engaged
Vichery’s command arrives at the start of against enemy artillery. The established
The deployment line for Prussian rules for firing on enemy units in town
the 4:30 turn. The second group arrives
reinforcements is located exactly 8 inches sectors (in cover) are applied, but an
an hour later. The deployment lines for
from the northern edge of Ligny. The additional 1D6 is rolled. This result
the French infantry are depicted on
deployment line stretches for 30 inches indicates the number of damage points
Map 2.
and is divided into three equal sections. inflicted on the sector. Each sector of
The arrival point or placement of each Even though the orders of battle given on Ligny can sustain 14 points of damage
battalion is determined by rolling a 1D6. page 211 do not list any cannon, artillery before it is considered on fire. The smoke
On a roll of 1-2, the battalion deploys on batteries from both sides played a role in rules found in the ‘Rule Changes and
or enters through the left 10-inch section. the local contest for Ligny. The French Additions’ are adopted in full. In contrast,
36
37
38
Vichery had a very rough experience and contest for Ligny and in my interpretation can be found by doing a Google search
paid a heavy price, wresting pieces of the of the struggle, there was no real winner. of ‘Battle of Ligny.’ A number of maps
village from the stubborn hands of the (different to varying degrees, but still
BRIEF REMARKS ON
Prussians. Battalions found themselves worthy of study) can be found by
SOURCE MATERIAL
attacked from multiple directions; brigade conducting a similar search. After due
commanders and general officers found Andrew Uffindell’s book was the primary
deliberation, I opted to use the battlefield
themselves at risk in the reference work used in preparing this
report. In addition, I read Geoffrey brochure map sent to me by Will. He had
confused fighting.
Wootten’s Waterloo 1815 (Osprey) and the privilege and pleasure of touring the
In addition to the accurate representation dug up very old copies of Wargames historic field a number of years ago, and
of troops and an appropriate Illustrated (Number 25) and Miniature procured the brochure from the Ligny
representation of the terrain, I think Wargames (Number 58). Fellow museum. I am grateful for his generosity
the scenario-specific rules added to the wargamer and friend Will Whyler was Without that map, this interpretation
realism and enjoyment (or frustration) of kind enough to send me a paper written
the overall experience. On final review, I of the contest for the village of Ligny
by local historian Peter Hofschroer - a
imagine that readers will think that I have would still have been completed, but my
brief search of the Internet reveals that
committed a major error by not defining Peter is an accomplished scholar who guess is that it would have been a little
victory conditions. My intent with this emphasizes the contribution made by the more difficult process and so, a little less
effort - again - was to stage just a portion Prussian army in 1815. This analysis of enjoyable.
of the larger battle of Ligny. I wanted to Ligny gave me more than one thing to
see if I could set up a wargame modeling Readers with constructive comments or
think about, as a re-fight the larger battle
urban combat in June of 1815. At the is being considered. Uffindell’s excellent questions should feel free to e-mail me at:
acknowledged risk of being corrected narrative was reinforced and in some hahchcopar@aol.com. Please type Ligny
- or worse, chastised, I would remark that cases expanded by consulting a number Scenario in the subject line so that your
in the first three phases of the historical of Internet sites. A wealth of information mail is not deleted as SPAM.
39
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MINIATURES
MINIATURES
JACOBITE
FIELD GUN
Below: A 28mm Jervis Johnson (left) keeps an eye on a 15mm Rick Priestley and Nick Eyre (right) while a 20mm Steve Wood looks on.
Our battle takes place in the period of Zulu expansion during the reign possessing a sizeable Matabele force.
of King Shaka (ruled from 1816 until his death in 1828). During these Seizing the moment, it was readily
years the Zulus rose from being just one of many peoples under an agreed we would come up with a suitable
alliance of Nguni tribes led by the Mthethwa, to possess an empire that conflict and not only fight the game but
write it up as a battle report for
stretched from the coast to the Drakensberg mountains.
Wargames Illustrated.
The chief enemies of the Mthethwa were the most powerful native kingdom in It was Nick who suggested pitching the
the Ndwandwe under their leader Zwide, southern Africa, would later be called the Zulus against the Matabele. The Matabele
and when the Mthethwa were defeated Mfecane - ‘the Crushing’. king Mzilikazi was every bit as blood-
and their king slain by the Ndwandwe it thirsty and ambitious a warlord as Shaka,
was the Zulu king Shaka who gathered The idea of staging a large battle from and in later years he would forge an
together what was left of Zwide’s the Mfecane was one of those sudden empire to the north of the Zulu kingdom
enemies to continue the fight against him. enthusiasms suggested by the sight of in what would become Rhodesia and
Shaka’s empire was forged in the ensuing two large Zulu armies massed together eventually Zimbabwe. In the early days
war - spreading unrest and terror, and for a projected photoshoot for the Anglo- of the Mfecane Mzilikazi had thrown
resulting in many neighbouring tribes Zulu War. Several collections had been in his lot with Shaka, and had risen to
been driven north and west. This time of gathered for the occasion, including a become probably his greatest and most
boodshed and disruption, when the Zulus contribution from Nick Eyre, whose trusted commander - allowed to rule his
rose above their neighbours to become passion for all things African extends to own lands with a fair degree of autonomy.
42
colonial
conflict
would see a new Matabele nation rise far firearms at the time, we carefully sifted emerged from behind a hill and overran a
from the reaches of Zulu power. However, out all the models armed with muskets British column. It occurred to me that an
in the meantime the Zulus would find their and Martini-Henrys - not to mention those interesting battle might be had if I were
enemy every bit as tough and ruthless as toting British coats and helmets! Should to take the basic narrative of this later
they themselves. the reader be eagle-eyed enough to spot battle and cast the Zulus into the role of
any escapees in the photographs please the British, with the Matabele in place of
Of course, what Nick had neglected don’t write in to tell us! The Matabele the Zulus. The lands of the Matabele - the
to mention was that next to nothing were a branch of the Nguni people, as Mkhuse - encompassed hilly territory that
is known in any detail of the battles were the Zulus and practically all the might have afforded Mzilikazi’s warriors
between the Zulus and the Matabele. other tribes drawn under their respective an opportunity to ambush from concealed
Mzilikazi certainly seems to have given rule. As such the warriors on both sides positions - so the idea of fighting around
his enemies a good run for their money would have presented a fairly uniform a large central hill with a degree of
though. In 1832 (in the reign of Shaka’s appearance. We therefore felt entirely concealment and surprise for both sides
successor Dingane) a number of Zulu happy using Zulu models to bulk out our seemed the way to go. This immediately
leaders were executed for their supposed Matabele in order to give ourselves two solved the problem of which rule set
failure to defeat the Matabele leader. opposing forces of roughly the same size. to use. Our game would emphasise
With not much to go on in the way of Confident that we could muster our movement, with forces including some
an historical account I was beginning armies we began to think about what that were concealed, encamped or off
to appreciate the challenge in front rules to use. At first Warhammer Ancient table, so we would need a rule set that
of us. Firstly we had to come up with Battles (WAB) was considered, but with would allow for variable and potentially
appropriate forces. Secondly, we had to armies that were so limited in terms rapid moves. Thus we settled on Hail
figure out what rule set to use. And lastly of types of troop there didn’t seem Caesar - rules for ancient warfare of
there was the question of a scenario that much opportunity to introduce a strong course - but with essentially ‘ancient’
would result in a game worthy of a tactical element that would make a WAB armies fighting with spear and shield
battle report. game interesting. How do you stop a undoubtedly the ideal solution.
SHAKA ZULU of war, incorporating new weapons, shields, and dress. It was about
The revolutionary Zulu military leader. this time too when Shaka implemented the classic Bull deployment
to envelop and crush the enemy. Shaka used his new tactics to great
Shaka was the son of an exiled Royal concubine who grew up with
a chip on his shoulder and revenge on his mind. He was also a effect and rose through the ranks until finally he grew strong enough
natural leader who exhibited incredible personal courage at a time to assume the Zulu throne in 1816. He then set out to extract his
of increased internecine warfare amongst land hungry tribes in what revenge on those who had slighted his mother, while at the same
would become Shaka’s empire. Shaka was no mere warrior, but time amalgamating defeated tribes into his expanding military
also a thinker, tactician, and strategist. As a soldier, he eschewed system. Shaka’s final challenge came in 1818 when he destroyed the
the traditional stand-offish fighting and instead closed in for the kill. nDwandwe army at the White Umfolozi River. Shaka ruled for the
As commander, he integrated that tactic into the broader Zulu way next decade with unparalleled ruthlessness and ferocity.
43
44
45
MATABELE
AND
NGUNI
WARRIORS
KHUMALOS
DIVISION
HIDING
GALE
HERE MATABELE FORCE
SKIRMISHERS NINE
DESERT
HOW IT PLAYED
HILLS.
CHECK OUT
THE WARGAMES
ILLUSTRATED
WEBSITE TO SEE HOW
The Zulus were deployed first according EVIL OMENS WE CREATED THEIR
to the brief, with the young warriors in 'AFRICAN' LOOK
Our game kicked off with that best of
the kraal, the elite Zulus on the table,
all omens - a failed order and ‘blunder’
and the remaining Zulus off board to In response the Matabele battle line
from Jervis as he attempted to move
the south. Opposing them the Matabele advanced in a rather disorganised fashion,
his Matabele division forward. In Hail
and Nguni chose to mass on the far side with the Matabele racing ahead of the
Ceasar troops require orders to move -
of the hill with just a couple of small Nguni division, which had still to move
with success determined by a 2D6 dice
skirmishing units exposed to sight from
roll. In Jervis’ case the dice came up two from its starting position. Perhaps it was
the kraal. Jervis elected to hide his most
6s - a blunder result - producing a random the sight of the advancing Zulus that
powerful veteran Khumalos division
move. With good fortune the resultant had put the wind up them. On the other
upon the hill, hidden amongst the rocks
move carried the whole division forward side of the hill, the Matabele skirmishers
and thorn bush, together with Mzilikazi
towards the enemy - it could have been made for the kraal and began to throw
himself. Nick, unaware of the presence
so much worse! Nick responded by spears at the Zulus inside - though
of these hidden troops, but knowing there
turning his Zulu elite division to face the without effect. This obviously riled the
was another division of Matabele to enter
oncoming horde, aiming to skirt around young Zulus, who promptly began to
play at some point, prepared to advance
the hill and face-off against the rapidly assemble within the kraal in their turn, a
as quickly as he could and crush the
approaching Matabele warriors. bunch of skirmishers at the front to drive
enemy before they could be reinforced.
away their pesky Matabele counterparts.
Below: The warriors face each other across the table.
46
47
ZULU REINFROCEMENTS
ARRIVE ON THE SCENE
A GREAT PUSH
FROM THE
MATABELE
WARRIORS
FORCES THE
ZULUS RIGHT
BACK TO
THEIR TABLE
EDGE
DRIVEN BACK
The newly arrived Zulu ‘south’ division
failed to move in the ensuing turn,
though the young warriors advanced
from the kraal whilst the elite division
attempted to form a decent fighting line
from the troops that remained. Although MATABELE CUNNING immobile. However, units within 12'' of
the brave Zulu warriors managed to By this stage in the game Jervis knew the enemy can make an automatic move
hold on, they were driven back once he had to finish off the enemy in the on initiative instead, so by withdrawing
again - almost to the edge of the table in middle of the table and bring his troops in this way the Zulus would be obliged
fact. One consequence of the drive back round to face the Zulus approaching from to test before mounting a charge in their
was that a unit of Khumalos warriors either side. He cunningly used initiative own turn. This would hopefully give the
found itself surging forward into empty to withdraw his Nguni a move - taking Matabele time to finish off their enemy
space in its own turn, unable to reach them out of initiative charge range of the in the centre and turn round to engulf the
the retiring enemy except for a group of huge and threatening Zulu division that Zulu wings from the rear. With a mass
Zulu skirmishers who bravely stood their had appeared from the south. In Hail of units now engaged, the fighting in the
ground and were promptly massacred for Caesar units normally require orders to middle of the field eventually ended in
their trouble. Now the fighting proved so move, this being a dice test that troops a frenzy of plunging spears that saw the
fierce that both sides are shaken (i.e. they can pass or fail, potentially leaving them last two elite Zulu units destroyed.
suffered their full quota of casualties).
When this happens both sides have to Right: Plastic Zulu warriors by
take a break test. The result was that the Warlord Games.
combatants drew apart - both retiring.
With the fresh Zulu turn Nick seized his
chance and brought the newly arrived
Zulu ‘south’ division three moves forward
in a great rush upon the opposing Nguni.
In fact Nick had rolled yet another
blunder, followed by an uncontrolled
advance result - so he had little choice
in the matter! On the opposing flank the
young Zulus from the kraal also advanced
at full speed - three moves. Suddenly the
Zulu flanking divisions were closing in
on the Matabele centre. What had initially
looked like a precarious position for the
Zulus was suddenly turned round, even
if a charge from one of the remaining
elite Zulu units in the centre was thrown
back and the Zulus broken (and therefore
immediately removed from the game - as
).
is the fate of broken units in Hail Caesar).
48
With one division gone and the victorious still some distance away. The young Zulus charged forward a single move
Matabele and Khumalos now turning Zulu warriors launched their charge and failed to make contact. It was not
left and right to confront their enemy, straight up the hill towards the Khumalos the best result for Nick, success on
the remaining Zulus charged forward as division, bringing the hotheaded youths one flank and an elusive enemy on the
quickly as they could. Time was now of into a standing fight against the best of other, leaving things very much in the
the essence whilst Mzilikazi’s troops. On the other side balance. Fortunately the young Zulu
Jervis’s victorious of the hill, Jervis’s plan to withdraw warriors proved their worth by defeating
troops were proved to have worked, as the opposing the opposing Khumalos, breaking the
ZULU WEAPONS
When Shaka first came to prominence,
Zulus carried a variety of weapons including
throwing spears (isijula or isiphpha), polished
wooden clubs (knobkerrie, or iwisa), and battle
axes (isizenze). They also clutched relatively
small, cowhide shields useful for deflecting missiles
but not much more. Shaka’s new tactics of closing
rapidly with the enemy required some major changes in
Zulu weaponry.
Shaka kept any weapon that could be used effectively at
close quarters. That meant the end of throwing spears, but the
retention of the wooden club and axe. For his primary edged
weapon, Shaka introduced a stabbing spear with a much shorter shaft,
between three and five feet long, but longer spearhead, up to one-third
the length of the shaft, glued onto the shaft and usually bound with cowtail
hide. This fearsome instrument was named the iklwa for the sound it made
when drawn from an enemy’s body. With the shorter spear, a Zulu warrior could
more easily thrust underhand. He did this in accompaniment to Shaka’s other major
weapon innovation, a larger, heavier shield that was now used offensively to hook over an
opponent’s shield and open up a gap for the impending spear thrust. As great an innovator as Shaka
was, however, he found little use for firearms.
Shaka’s changes held for the most part until the coronation of Cetshwayo two generations later. After a
series of civil wars almost ruined the Zulus, Cetshwayo attempted to emulate Shaka’s military reforms,
but improved firearm technology and the king’s better awareness of guns forced him to reintroduce
throwing spears. He also reduced the size of shields for greater mobility, and, most importantly,
Cetshwayo supplied his armies with significantly more firearms, all in an ultimately doomed
effort to make the Zulus more competitive in ranged warfare.
49
THE MATABELE
HAVE FORCED
THEIR WAY THROUGH
THE CENTRE AND
HAVE TURNED TO
ATTACK THE ZULUS
ON EITHER SIDE
50
Below: Struggle on the Zulus right flank; ending with the loss of a unit on both sides.
51
You can contact us at perryminiatures@aol.com. Our website has a secure online ordering service. Although we read all questians,
we can’t guarantee a reply to each one as figure making is time consuming! For updates see our website:www.perry-miniatures.com.
. Infantry in packs of 6 - Price Code A: £6.50; Cavalry in packs of 3 (including horses) - Price Code B: £8;Artillery (4 crew & gun)
Price Code C: £8.50; Price Code D: £16.50; Price Code E: £3.50; Price Code F: £10.50; Price Code G: £20.50; Pikes (reduced): £8.
All orders and cheques by post: Perry Miniatures, PO BOX 6512, Nottingham NG7 1UJ. Cheques made payable to Perry Miniatures.
All major credit/debit cards accepted. Please add postage & packing: UK 12%, Europe 15%, Rest of World 18%.
Also available from Dave Thomas at shows around the country. Models not shown at actual size. Fax +44 (0)1159 503242
RN 12
RN 1 Mounted High Command (1812) (B) NEW
RN 2 Mounted Field Officers (B) NEW RN 11
RN 3 Foot Artillery firing 6pdr (1812 Kiwer) (C) NEW
RN 4 Foot Artillery loading 6pdr (1812 Kiwer) (C) NEW
RN 5 Foot Artillery firing 6pdr (1809 Kiwer) (C) NEW
RN 6 Foot Artillery aiming 6pdr (1809 Kiwer) (C) NEW
RN 7 Foot Artillery firing Light 12pdr (1812 Kiwer) (C) NEW
RN 8 Foot Artillery loading Light 12pdr (fatgue caps) (C) NEW
RN 12
RN 9 Foot Artillery firing Light 12pdr (1809 Kiwer) (C) NEW
RN 10 Grenadier command advancing, summer dress (1812 Kiwer) (A) NEW
RN 11 Grenadiers attacking, summer dress (1812 Kiwer) (A) NEW RN 12
RN 12 Infantry command marching casually, summerdress (1809 Kiwer) (A) NEW
RN 13 Infantry marching casually, summer dress (1809 Kiwer) (A) NEW
Russians
and
Hussars
painted by
Steve May
You can contact us at perryminiatures@aol.com. Our website has a secure online ordering service. Although we read all questians,
we can’t guarantee a reply to each one as figure making is time consuming! For updates see our website:www.perry-miniatures.com.
. Infantry in packs of 6 - Price Code A: £6.50; Cavalry in packs of 3 (including horses) - Price Code B: £8;Artillery (4 crew & gun)
Price Code C: £8.50; Price Code D: £16.50; Price Code E: £3.50; Price Code F: £10.50; Price Code G: £20.50; Pikes (reduced): £8.
All orders and cheques by post: Perry Miniatures, PO BOX 6512, Nottingham NG7 1UJ. Cheques made payable to Perry Miniatures.
All major credit/debit cards accepted. Please add postage & packing: UK 12%, Europe 15%, Rest of World 18%.
Also available from Dave Thomas at shows around the country. Models not shown at actual size. Fax +44 (0)1159 503242
FIRST THOUGHTS II). It also featured a Dutch gunner called when they were first released, supported
Joachim. At that time I didn’t distinguish by John Tincey’s first publication -
My first recollection of hearing about the
the Monmouth Rebellion from the through Partizan Press - of the Armies of
Battle of Sedgemoor was when HTV ran
English Civil Wars, which, historically, the Sedgemoor Campaign, but did not
a series in 1972 called Pretenders. It was
had ceased some 25 years or so earlier. pursue the venture any further.
one of those entertaining programmes
So a few years later I started collecting
aimed at a younger audience, broadcast My next encounter with the Battle
an English Civil War army comprised
on Sunday afternoons. It featured a of Sedgemoor was when I purchased
of Miniature Figurines and Hinchliffe
young lad named Elam who believed the folk group Strawhead’s album
Models. Much later on, the Sedgemoor
himself to be the illegitimate son of the Sedgemoor, sometime in 1985, which I
story must have still nagged at me, as I
Duke of Monmouth (who in turn was, found fascinating and evocative. Music
dabbled by purchasing a selection of the
of course, the illegitimate son of Charles has always played a significant role in
Dixon Miniatures’ ‘Grand Alliance’ range
stirring my imagination and enabling me
Below: My interpretation of Westernzoyland village, 1685. Royalist line of battle, Sedgemoor itself to get the ‘feel’ of a period. Twenty-five
and Chedzoy wheat fields beyond.
54
years after buying the album, it played its also got married in 1985 and, being a around the rather cold and muddy
part in my approach to gaming the battle. poor young teacher, could only manage battlefield near dusk (it was October),
to provide a honeymoon in the West hauling my camera gear along with her
Not wargaming the period in 1985, I Country. My next encounter with the whilst I selected suitable compositions
was not attuned to the fact that the 300th Battle of Sedgemoor occurred when for my Nikon EM to tackle. This, and
anniversary of the battle was imminent. my new bride chauffeured us along the the fact that I also talked her into driving
(Little did I know that many years later ‘Pitchfork Trail’, which had been created us to Bovington Tank Museum, makes it
I would be wargaming with folk who to commemorate the events of 1685. I even more remarkable that we are soon to
actually took part in the commemorative know, I’m just an old romantic! I can celebrate 26 years of marriage...!
re-enactment.) It so happened that I still picture her now, following me
55
Langmoor
Rhine
crossing
Bussex
Rhine
56
THE ‘VISION’ any local landmarks. The night march referring to Christopher Scott’s The
of Monmouth’s rebels and the battle Armies and Uniforms of the Monmouth
Elected to be ‘Project Manager’ for our itself encompassed an area between two Rebellion, Richard and I worked out
group’s Sedgemoor game I knew almost villages, Chedzoy and Westonzoyland. orbats and figure ratios. We agreed that
immediately that I wanted to collaborate Both villages have parish churches the figure ratio should be lower for a
on reproducing more than just the armies boasting particularly splendid towers, demonstration game that would feature
involved. The battlefield of Sedgemoor St. Mary the Virgin at Westonzoyland relatively small numbers of figures. We
nestles within the Somerset Levels, having the tallest. Stand in the landscape settled on 1:20. It was vital, at every
which is a unique area of Britain. The between these villages and you will see stage of the game’s creation, to ensure
Levels have an atmosphere and character that the church towers dominate the that we were both ‘singing from the same
all of their own. I remembered the horizon. Clearly, at least one of these hymn sheet’.
poignant feeling I got from my visit in churches would have to be built for
1985. Strawhead’s lyrics in their song the game and it was going to have to MONMOUTH’S REBELS
The Night March and the Battle echo be Westonzoyland’s, as that was near I elected to do the majority of
those feelings extraordinarily well. to the battle site. Built for the game? Monmouth’s rebel army because I
I wanted to try my best to coordinate the Yes, no manufacturer makes a 28mm knew the figures would have a limited
creation of a game which somehow told church remotely similar to the ones at use for other period games afterwards,
the story of the ‘enterprise’ of Monmouth Westonzoyland or Chedzoy. and therefore, as project manager, felt
at the climax of the rebellion and gave THE FIGURES I should take on the responsibility for
a context to where it all took place, them, plus I always like the challenge of
rather than simply show a battle with In the early stages of planning the recreating a ‘citizen’ or, what might be
model soldiers. For me, as with many game, however, I concentrated more on termed today, a ‘para-military’ army. For
wargamers, wargames provide a unique acquainting myself with the events of some reason I am drawn towards military
chance to ‘relive’ history a little bit, as the battle, the composition of the armies units that exhibit a mixture of uniform
well as provide the fun and entertainment involved and who in the group was going and civilian dress, having a military
of a game in the company of friends. to contribute what, than with the details appearance, but clearly not regular
of the landscape. I soon decided to do professionals. The choice of manufacturer
The scenery would be a pivotal factor the majority of the rebel forces myself, was based on what suitable figures I
in recreating the essence of this battle leaving the Royalist forces in the very already possessed, what I still required,
in miniature for ourselves and for the capable hands of our colleague Richard and who produced them. Already having
public that would see it. Mel McClellan’s Hattersley, who already had many of the units comprised of Foundry and Dixon
evocative cover painting for Strawhead’s units required, the battle falling into a figures, I looked to these manufacturers
album had always stuck in my mind: period he is heavily involved in already. to provide the rest. I’m making this point,
The swirling mist, the almost iconic Tim Whitworth, driving force of the because readers may well wonder why I
pollarded willow trees, the bulrushes... group, elected to do Monmouth’s Green did not utilise the new Front Rank range
And my recollections of my visit to Regiment, the ‘green machine’ within of specific Monmouth Rebellion figures.
the battlefield in 1985 tallied with this whose ranks he had re-enacted the battle The answer is simple: They were released
image. I also knew that the Somerset in 1985. Reading John Tincey’s excellent just a little too late and my project was
Levels, being very flat, clearly exposed account of the campaign and battle and already underway.
57
58
59
60
Chedzoy
Village
Bradney
Village
61
62
63
Below: The Rebels surge towards the Royalist line of battle, separated by the Bussex Rhine.
64
I’ll end this article as I began it, quoting Sedgemoor. The Story of Monmouth’s Rebellion in the West - 1685. Strawhead, Vinyl album, 1985
the lyrics of a song from Strawhead’s Available now on CD from Gleaner Publications www.strawhead.org.uk
album, Sedgemoor.
65
The scene is set in the 1880s, upon the fertile flood plain in this instance protected by a boma
(thornbush stockade), and the objective
of the Kafhue river, a northern tributary of the Zambezi,
of the attackers (Matabele) would be to
in what would shortly become British Central Africa and break into and occupy this within the
latterly Zambia. turn limit of the game. The scenario also
determined that the defenders would have
This is the territory of the Ila tribe - also Peers, I was only too aware that I ranked 75% of the number of points to spend
known as the Baila - primarily a cattle very much as a novice compared to my on their force as the attackers - obliging
herding people like many east African adversary. Nick not only provided all of them to make the most of the defensible
tribes. And that is what this game is all the models for the game from his own village and surrounding terrain. As to
about – an attack by a war party of the extensive collection, but his company the scenery itself, this is generally set up
Ila’s fierce neighbours, the Matabele: a - North Star Military Figures - also by the defender according to a terrain
war party sent to raid Ila lands and drive produces the model range and publishes
type guide, as indicated in the defender’s
away their cattle. the Death in the Dark Continent rules. He
army list and described in the rules for
is a man who knows his Azande from his
DEATH IN THE choosing terrain. In our case the Ila
Karamojong, so I was only too pleased
DARK CONTINENT to place matters in his expert hands when are covered by army list 16 - Warrior
it came to setting up the battlefield and Herdsmen - and their home terrain
On this occasion I would assume the is grassland, although, as with many
choosing the forces.
part of the Matabele Induna Mbumbulu ‘armies’ for Death in the Dark Continent,
Gwebu, whilst Nick Eyre would take to The Death in the Dark Continent rules you will find that they have their own
field as the Ila tribe in the guise of Chief are solidly and reassuringly prescriptive list (and background) avalible as a free
Chonga. Whilst this was not to be my when it comes to scenarios and troop
download from the North Star website.
first foray into the wargaming wilds of choice - our game would be a planned
Africa, nor my first attempt at the Death attack scenario. This meant that the Below: The Ila warriors take up defensive
in the Dark Continent rule set by Chris defenders (Ila) would have a village, positions in their village. Figures by North
Star. Buildings by Herb Gundt.
68
As the defender, Nick arranged the site of The Ila are a cattle herding people from the area of Central
Africa now part of Zambia. They live in the Kafue River flood
our battle as shown in the accompanying
plains that give rich grazing to their cattle and keep the deadly
photo, with the Ila village protected by Tsetse fly away. The long grass of the Kafue plains is the reason
its boma leading to a clearing and paths for their distinctive tall hair styles, so members of the tribe can
through the tall elephant grass. This tall, see each other walking through the man-high grass. The Ila
colonial
thick grass with stalks up to an inch thick
conflict
were not an aggressive tribe, but surrounded by enemies who
was and is a distinctive feature of the raided them constantly for their cattle, they were no push-over.
region, growing up to twice the height They fought as skirmishers, carrying multiple long spears
of a man and therefore offering ready and no shield. They were experts in this kind of warfare,
concealment to ambushing warriors. but against the Matabele with their stabbing assegai or the
These areas of thick elephant grass were Bemba with their muskets, with no spears being thrown
represented in the game by means of a back they would find themselves weaponless.
scattering of grassy clumps (in fact re-
North Star Military Figures produce a small selection of
modelled and painted aquarium plants,
miniatures for this little known but characterful tribe.
see overpage for how to make it). One
of the two remaining clearings became
home to a magnificent skull pile - perhaps THE ILA
demarking the site as that of the battle The Tribe of Chief Chonga
of Mbeca, where the Ila defeated the One unit: Chonga’s Senior Warriors
hated Barotse and piled the skulls of the Four bases of elite skirmishers in total, including that of Chongo himself
defeated into a great mound by way of a
memorial to their victory. One unit: Second Senior Warriors
Four bases of elite skirmishers
As the defender Nick deployed his
forces first, as shown over the page. One unit: Neighbour’s Senior Warriors
The scenario allowed for a proportion Four bases of elite skirmishers
of the defenders to be placed hidden in Five units: Ila Warriors. Four units comprising five bases each of skirmishers with
ambush. As such I, as the attacker, had spears, plus one unit of six bases of skirmishers with spears.
no initial idea where ambushes might
lurk - only that they lurked somewhere
in the surrounding elephant grass. The
scenario allowed for the attacker’s force THE MATABELE
to be divided into two, with an initial
The Matabele are a tribe whose lands are now part of modern
group placed at the table edge at the start
Zimbabwe. They arrived there from South Africa, an aggressive
of the game and up to half sent as late off-shoot from the Zulu nation, they left a trail of death
arrivals, which would then be permitted and destruction all the way behind them. Matabele still has
to deploy along the adjoining table edges connotations of violence and fear in Southern Africa today.
up to half way along. The Matabele were Once settled in Zimbabwe, they kept their neighbours for
therefore divided into two contingents, hundreds of miles around terrified by constantly raiding them
with the initial force arranged along one for cattle and slaves. The last Matabele King, Lubengula, was
narrow table edge as seen in the photo defeated by a British force, armed with Maxim machine guns,
funded by the Imperialist, Cecil Rhodes.
over the page. The rest would skirt round
the elephant grass and come upon the Ila The Matabele retained their Zulu identity and fighting style
village from the adjoining long table edge to the end, no doubt playing on the reputation the Zulus had
- at least that was the idea! for martial prowess throughout Africa. Where local materials
could no longer be found to keep their Zulu regalia intact, new
THE FORCES designs were devised. It is these distinctive Matabele fashions
North Star have drawn on to produce a range of figures that
In Death in the Dark Continent forces are are not just more Zulus.
chosen from the army lists provided in the
rulebook. There are 32 of these in total,
covering combatants as diverse as Jungle THE MATABELE
Cannibals, Masai, Zulus and the various The raiding party of Induna Mbumbulu Gwebu
colonial types such as Boers, British, One base Induna Mbumbulu Gwebu
French, Germans and so forth. Opposing One unit: Regiment Inyati (buffaloes)
troops are chosen to a points total and Six bases of elite Zansi warriors, three of which have muskets
the proportions of one side to the other
vary depending on the scenario chosen. One unit: Regiment Isizinda (makers of grief)
The models themselves are arranged onto Six bases of warriors, two of which have muskets
bases – each base having two, three or Three units: Regiments Mogoloza (smiters), Dibinhlangu (shield carriers) and
more models depending on type – this InQama (ram) each comprising six bases of warriors
being largely left to the collector as a
matter of personal preference. Individual One unit: Regiment Mngwazi (sheath)
bases are arranged into groups to make Six bases of Holi raw warriors
larger units. The exact dimensions of
One unit: Regiment Iliba (grave of their enemies)
bases are left to the players – but a 60mm
Five bases of Holi raw warriors
frontage is suggested in most cases
and the accompanying photos serve as One unit: Regiment Inhlambane (who use abusive language)
examples of how this is done. Four bases of Holi raw skirmishers
69
ILA
MATABELE VILLAGE
ATTACKING
FORCE
ELEPHANT GRASS
THE MATABELE COMETH (EVERYWHERE!)
70
Above: The Ila ambushers lauch their spears from the cover of the grass.
Above: The Ila flanking move takes then past the skull pile.
71
72
Above: In the background the Inyati and grassland at only D6 inches a turn!
Isizinda clear the way for an advance on Meanwhile the remaining Ila gathered
the village. into their village, whilst the Inhamblane
skirmishers advanced almost to the
results in two disorder markers - so it edge of the grassland facing the boma.
is quite significant in terms of affecting More importantly, with the start of turn
what a unit can do in the following turn. four my flanking force showed up at
MORE MATABELE last and deployed along the long table
edge along the edge of the grassland
At the start of the fourth turn the usual overlooking the Ila village. Finally finish off by painting, drybrushing
opportunity to rally saw the Isizinda lose and adding some small stones.
the disorder markers they had taken from Although we had agreed that the entire
shooting in the previous turn – freeing flanking force would arrive on turn
them up to make a charge against their four, in fact the scenario rules normally
tormentors. With Isizinda engaged, Inyati demand that units are diced for
charged straight ahead into the elite Ila individually each turn and so could
defending the track. show up over a succession of turns
or not at all. However, given
Meanwhile the remaining unit of Ila the size of our table and the
skirmishers made its way past the skull pre-requisite victory conditions,
pile, threatening to come upon the rear of we decided to bring the whole
the advancing column. To try and meet force on in turn four to give the
this threat I desperately tried to transfer Matabele a chance of occupying
the Mogoloza over to the left flank, but the village before the
my lads found it hard going through game’s end.
73
THE
MATABELE
RESERVES
CLOSE IN ON
THE VILLAGE
THE MATABELE
TURN THE SCREW
During close combat I was pleased
to see the Inyati and Isizinda finally
overcome their opponents and drive
them from the field, at last clearing
the way for an advance upon the boma
through the grassland tracks. The fifth
turn therefore began with the first of
my reserve regiments, the Dibinhlangu,
mounting a successful charge through
the grassland onto the boma. At the
same time the Inhlambane emerged from
their cover to pelt the Ila village with
spears. Meanwhile, back on the track,
the Mogoloza attempted to charge the
Ila skirmishers who gathered at the edge
of the grassland around the skull mound
clearing. This failed to contact, but Nick’s
skirmishers very obligingly decided to
charge me in their turn, so we would
come to blows after all! The resultant
combat ended in a draw, leaving both
sides disordered. Meanwhile my leading
Above: The Matabele push the Ila back into the long elephant grass.
regiments, Inyati and Isizinda, barely
moved thanks to poor dice rolls. the constricted space between the hoped for attack in the following turn.
By way of recompense, at last we came grassland and the boma edge. In such With all his remaining units crammed into
to the attack upon the village - the very situations combats are fought separately, the village Nick hurled a succession of
objective of the battle after all - where the with the worse result counting for the spears upon my advancing units, sowing
cunning Ila had rounded up their precious attackers. An indifferent dice throw sent disorder amongst the ranks of Isizinda.
cattle behind the protection of the thorn- my boys packing, driven back 2D6'' and
bush boma. Now the Ila chieftain threw cursed with two disorder markers! In turn seven I was able to charge the
his own bonus in amongst the combat boma with the Dibinhlangu and InQama
ILA ON THE ROPES whilst Isizinda once more failed to reach
modifiers. He had reserved his best elite
troops for the defence of the boma, and Turn six therefore opened with my the village and Inyati came under a
the boma itself reduced my combat attack stalled. None of the Matabele barrage of spears from behind the boma.
score by a whacking –3. Worse, I had warriors were able to charge into contact, Thus began the final battle for the village.
managed the charge badly - inadvertently although the InQama, Mngwazi and Iliba The ensuing fight saw the InQama beaten
contacting two different Ila units within all pressed forward in preparation for a back with two disorder markers, whilst
74
75
H AM ERICA N
2011 NORT NAMENT
MASTERS TOUR nament Circuit seas
on.
th e cu lm in at in g ev ent of the 2011 Tour ch ye ar. Th e
t was ters ea
The Flames Of War
Masters tournamen on t M in iat ur es in tends to host the Mas ch se as on .
Battlefr ue ea
a huge success that ep the Masters uniq
The event was such all en ge s an d ne w gaming tables to ke
eate new ch
team is excited to cr behind the Masters is
to challenge the
rs was The real idea r and the 2011 forma
t
rst No rth Am eri can Flames Of War Maste
ne ar ge ne ral shi p of any level of playe ye r ha d to pic k one
The fi the Embassy Suites g of war”. Each pla
20 11 , at a lot of “fo
held on 11-12 No ve mb er of the pro vid ed example) an then d
Th is ev en t was the conclusion typ e (a Br itis h Rifle Company, for
Philadelphia Ai rpo rt. stops to arm y y. The army lists
am en t Ci rcu it an d we pulled out all the de sig n six arm y lists based on that arm 50, 1850, and
2011 To urn
ly rem em be r. Tw enty-two playe rs
be po int ed ou t at 1000, 1250, 1450, 16
make this an event to tru
ving themselves over
were to marked with one
ipa te aft er pro po int s. Be for e each round, a token s
were invited to pa rtic Battlefront 20 00 to determine the point
ye ar of Fla me s Of War tournament play. of the po int s values was selected m the ba g so by
the past all the s removed fro
nia tur es spo nso red the event and paid for mi ng for tha t round. That token wa s va lue wo uld be use d
Mi
n an d foo d, an d cre ated some new ga the en d of the tou rnament each point d be for e
accommodatio mine
ted at the Masters. re also randomly deter
tables that were debu once. The missions we ted lis t of mi ssi ons. There were
-se lec
sters event was mode
led after a each round out of a pre ich added to the
The Flames Of War Ma ali a. Th e co nc ep t re tha n six mi ssi on s to choose from, wh
Warhammer in Austr mo
similar event held for the sys tem selects the top “mystery” of the Ma
sters.
s HQ an d
stems from Ranking ste rs d missions were
rs fro m the ir res pe ctive country. The Ma
He re is a bre ak do wn of what points an
ranked playe the Regional
event to integrate as drawn for each round
:
was a relatively easy alr ead y pa rt of an established
na ls are s - Breakout
Qualifiers and Natio th local Regional Quali
fiers, Round 1: 1000 Point
cu it. Sta rtin g wi s - Cauldron
tournament cir events could qualify
for an Round 2: 1850 Point
ipa tin g in the se Fighting Withdrawal
players pa rtic
To urn am en ts run by Battlefront Ro und 3: 1650 Points -
invitation to the Natio
na l s - Free-For-All
ye ar, as players participate Round 4: 1250 Point
Miniatures. Throu gh ou t the s - Hasty Assault
ye r ros ters from these local
events Round 5: 2000 Point
in tourname nts , the pla s - Encounter
nk ing s HQ (rankingshq.co
m) and a Round 6: 1450 Point
tte d to Ra
are sub mi
gs begins to develop
. The larger the ver, about the whole
national set of rankin On e of the best things, howe d
points are awarded to
each pla ye r el of sportsmanship an
tournament the more s for eac h weekend was the lev pa rtic ipa nts . Wi th so many
g. Pla ye rs acc umulate point ara de rie sho wn by all the
for partic ipa tin top four best cam one room, re’s the
me nt the y pla y in, but only his other “b ig do gs” competing together in something that
tou rna
eac h pla ye r’s ran king. s the ris k of som e pretty big clashes,
scores determi ne alw ay this more evident
ed to dra w pla yers wa s tha nk ful ly absent. Nowhere was ture
r Masters we de cid t (and subsequent pic
For the Flames Of Wa ou r Na tio na l To urn aments. tha n du rin g the awards banque gth en ed an d as
HQ and re made or stren
from both Rankings inv ita tio ns we re sent out: tak ing). Friendships we l acr oss No rth
ed , 22 me s (al
As previously mention pions and Best our competitors return
to their ho
back with
t to the Overall Cham take that same spirit
six of these being sen l To urn am en ts; tw o we re sen t Am eri ca) we ho pe the y
ne s.
Generals of the three
Nationa ir local gaming sce
dia n players on Rankings
HQ and the them to strengthen the
Ca na
to the top tw o top ranked US nners for the first (of
ain ing 14 inv ita tio ns were issued to the He re’ s the list of our desrving wi sters events.
rem r North American Ma
players on Rankings
HQ. many) Flames Of Wa
truly be a
wanted the Masters to Grand Master - Bill Wi
lcox
Battlefront Miniatures ve l ex pe nse s to an d from Cl eav es
than tra 2nd Place - Jon
special event so, other experience. yne, Phillip Messier
ve nu e, Ba ttle fro nt Miniatures paid for the 3rd Pla ce - James Rush, Mark Ba
the s assigned
epted the invitation wa Master Sport - James
Huff
Each player who acc ed the ho tel roo m,
- Joe Krone
front pro vid
a roommate and Battle ys of gaming
ch , an d din ner during the two da
break fas t, lun r op en bar ENTS MANAGER
s hosted a two-h ou FRONT GLOBAL EV
and the Embassy Suite were pro vid ed BA TT LE
tea, water and coffee
each evening. Soda, ke ep the pla yers sharp during
we ll, to
throughout the day as
their wargaming.
78
M asters
gs for th e 20 11 North American
Final Standi n FINAL SCORE
ED ARMY PLAY
FROM 31.75
PLAYER NAME ision
British - 7th Armoured Div
San Diego, CA 30.75
Bill Wilcox ision
British - 51st Highland Div
Lansing, KS 29
Jon Cleaves
Soviet - Guards Cossacks
Austin, TX 29
Mark Bayne ision
Soviet - 138th Rifle Div
Worthington, OH 29
Jim Rush kas Szazad
Hungarian - Okentes Pus
Elkton, MD 28.625
Phillip Messier e
German - Pioneerkompani
Lebannon, IN 27.625
Mike McMann zergrenadiers
German - Panzer Lehr Pan
Alexandria, VA 27.5
John Desch mpanie
German - Panzerpioneerko
Loudonville, OH 27.25
Tony Davis kovy
Soviet - Gvardeyskiy Tan
Sacramento, CA 26.125
Eric Riha kovy
Soviet - Gvardeyskiy Tan
Orlando, FL 25.375
Ed Leland
Soviet - Tankovy
Jonesboro, AR 24.125
Charles Clay zergrenadiers
a German - Panzer Lehr Pan
Stony Rapids, SK, Canad 23.875
Shawn Morris gerkompanie
German - 6th Fallschirmjä
Elizabethtown, KY 23.75
Tom Burgess any
British - Airlanding Comp
Lowell, MA 22.625
James Huff
Romanian - Puscasi
Leesville, LA 21.625
Chris Jackson
German - Feldhernhalle
Hoslett, MI 19.75
David Vigor mpanie
German - 715th Pioneerko
Valdosta, GA 19.625
Erin Macheski-Preston ia
Finnish - Jaakarikomppan
Fort Knox, KY 19.625
Tim Frisbee zergrenadiers
German - Panzer Lehr Pan
Houston, TX 19.125
Eric Warren zergrenadiers
German - Panzer Lehr Pan
Woodbridge, VA 16
Joe Moore ia
Finnish - Jaakarikomppan
Peoria, IL 15.5
Doug Rosson ie
German - Panzerkompan
Saskatoon, SK, Canada
Shaun Webster
79
bles
New Gaming Ta
m spent quite a
The Battlefront US tea
ve n new gaming
bit of time crafting ele
ile d at the Masters
tables to be unve
ed wi th ch ara cte rful scenery
event. Load ations
te Wa r loc
depicting various La the se new
the ate r,
across the European
forests, linear
tables included more
n the Battlefront
obstacles, and hills tha
ve seen before. You
tournament tables ha
tthews poking his
can even see John Ma
e of the larger hills
head around from on
tables will now
to the right here. These
12 Na tionals circuit,
be used for the 20
constructed for
and new tables will be
ent.
next year’s Masters ev
80
Army Photos
arance” was
Although “army appe
the Masters
not a scoring factor for
pla yers showed
tournament, all of the
pe ct for the ir opponents
the utmost res
at looking armies.
by bringing along gre
nd out forces, but we
There were a few sta
otos of them all.
RE AT:
bb ed ph
made sure we gra
ts of these armies
ALL THIS AND MO
r.c o m
You can check out sho
e s O f Wa
” we have posted
www.F l a m
in the “player profiles
Wa r website.
on the Flames Of
81
Such was the cry of the excitable warriors who had been held back from Wednesday 22 January 1879 was not
the savage fighting at Isandlwana, and who were still eager to wash expected to be a particularly busy day
their spears in the blood of their enemies. With all the fun over, bar the for the British occupying the station
shouting and disembowelling, the hotheaded warriors of the reserve at Rorke’s Drift. The garrison was
regiments knew that redcoats were still present at Jim’s Place, as the composed of B Company, 2nd Battalion,
24th Foot, around 100 men, commanded
station at Rorke’s Drift was known to the Zulus.
by a Major Henry Spalding. This
No doubt they figured that, having been this war. His instructions were that on gentleman had that day decided to visit
cheated out of a good fight, their only no account were his impis to cross the another supply depot a few miles away
chance of glory was to run a few more river border and raid into British-held at a place called Helpmakaar. Before
miles, cross the Buffalo river and raid the Natal, no matter how tempting those fine he left, Major Spalding placed Lt John
post of its supplies. With luck they could farms and fat cattle might appear. But to Rouse Merriott Chard in command
men agitated to fever pitch, doctored up saying, ‘you will be in charge, although
run down anyone fleeing from the camp,
with potions and frenzied with blood- of course nothing will happen, and I shall
and if it was defended then so much the
lust, it would take more even than their be back again this evening, early. Thus,
better. Kill the redcoats and take their
king’s orders to hold them back. How the drudgery of army life and duty meant
mealies, guns and ammunition. That
else would they be able to endure the that Major Spalding missed his chance of
would teach them to come to the land of
catcalling of rival regiments or, even a place in history.
the Zulu.
worse, teasing from the women folk
SETTING THE SCENE FOR
In their eagerness for battle the warriors back home? How could they alone have
THE RE-FIGHT
ignored their king’s own orders. done so little in such a great battle! And
Cetshwayo had directed his forces to so four regiments of fine Zulu warriors This then is the scene just a few hours
stop the British columns, but he was comprising the Undi corps, swept down before the famous defence of Rorke’s
determined to make it clear that it was from the hills and upon the station at Drift. It is a battle that has captured the
the British who were the aggressors in Rorke’s Drift. imagination ever since and inspired
84
colonial
conflict
name and story of Rorke’s Drift and not
Isandlwana that most people would know.
Rather than just play a standard re-
enactment of this famous action, we
thought it would be more challenging to
both sides to include a number of ‘what
if’ elements. This would make a battle
a little more engaging and would break
up what would otherwise be a rather
predictable ‘last stand’ dynamic.
As it happened our planned re-fight
coincided with the imminent release of
THE BATTLE OF ISANDLWANA Warlord Games’ Rorke’s Drift set and
plastic Zulu and British redcoats, all of
Never has a British commander so underestimated an enemy as Lord which had been designed in conjunction
Chelmsford did with the Zulus at the Battle of Isandlwana, fought on 22 with Empress Miniatures - well-known
January 1879. When the British ultimatum to King Cetshwayo expired eleven Anglo-Zulu War aficionados with their
days earlier, Chelmsford ordered three divergent columns to plunge into own well-established range of very
Zululand. He accompanied the centre column whose target was a prominent attractive models. With Warlord’s new
butte on the horizon called Isandlwana. From there, Chelmsford intended to models and Rorke’s Drift buildings, as
find the Zulus and bring them to battle. well as the loan of part of the superb
Empress Miniatures collection to spur us
The British column lumbered forward, bogged down by baggage but filled on, we set about assembling our forces,
with confidence. They set up their camp on 21 January, but with no defences building barricades of mealie bags and
as if they were out on manoeuvres. The next morning, Chelmsford led out a biscuit boxes, and ensuring a plentiful
flying column to chase down misleading reports of a Zulu army. While he was supply of Boxer .45 ammunition.
away, the actual Zulu army, all 25,000 of them, barreled down on the camp.
The British infantry formed line, but had little flank protection and could not The Zulu Undi corps was commanded
stop the assault. The result was the massacre of 1,300 British and native troops by prince Dabulamanzi. The prince was
whose stripped bodies sprawled all around the campsite greeted a shocked understandably enraged that his warriors
Chelmsford on his return - so ended the worst day for the British army in the had not been significantly engaged that
Victorian era. day. It was he who persuaded, if any
persuasion were needed, the commanders
of the four regiments, the uThulwana,
Below: The Battle of Rorke’s Drift, painting by Peter Dennis. uDloko, iNdlondlo and the iNdluyengwe,
Used with the kind permission of Warlord Games. to mount a raid over the border. This
force was made up of about 4,000
warriors. The first three regiments were
85
older, married and experienced soldiers. The main British force at Rorke’s Drift officers and NCOs deserted their post,
The uThulwana were perhaps an elite unit was a company of 94 redcoats, well- playing no part in the battle to come.
with white shields, and were favoured led, with sufficient ammunition to resist
Also at the station at this time, more
by Cetshwayo, who had served in the numerous attacks. The Martini-Henry
correctly in the hospital, were about 25
regiment himself. The iNdluyengwe were was an excellent rifle firing big, smashing
patients in varying degrees of health,
young bucks, unmarried and eager to rounds with great accuracy and effect.
supernumeraries including commissariat
fight, kill and earn their right to marry. The soldiers themselves were good shots,
and medical troops, a chaplain, a
All Zulus carried shields of a regimented professional and prepared to sell their
missionary, the odd civilian or two and a
design, cut from ox leather with the hair lives dearly if it came to a bayonet fight.
terrier - who may or may not have been
left on the outside, showing distinctive It was not for nothing the bayonet was
called Pip!
colouration and design. Although not nicknamed ‘the lunger’. The wicked long
always the case, in general the more bayonet gave a scrawny redcoat from Following the desertion of Stephenson’s
white on the shield the more veteran the the slums of Birmingham or the valleys NNC a more coherent group of about
unit was, thus the iNdluyengwe were of Wales a truly fearsome reach that the 100 mounted Basutos rode up. This
issued black shields from the armouries. Zulus soon came to respect. was number 4 troop Natal Native Horse
under Lt Alfred Henderson. Chard and
All Zulus carried the shield and stabbing Also in the garrison was a strengthened
his men were overjoyed to see such
spear or iklwa - a devastating weapon company of the Natal Native Contingent
reinforcements and ordered them to
that was used both to thrust and slash. under a Captain Stephenson, a Colonial
skirmish with the approaching Zulus
Lighter throwing spears were common officer who was to show his mettle early
before returning to add their carbines to
too, flung with great accuracy and held on. He had a few white NCOs to help him
the defensive barricades. Henderson’s
in bundles behind the shield. Crucially in run his native men, maybe a force of 200
men had had a tough time of it on the
this battle, the Zulu warriors also carried or more, who were used as pioneers and
main battlefield, but had sustained few -
firearms, albeit often of dubious age for scouting and raiding. These native
if any - casualties. They would
and accuracy. These accounted for most troops were poorly armed compared to
have been short of ammunition and only
of the garrison’s casualties during the their redcoat comrades. They carried
too aware of what the Zulu army had
battle. Modern day Zulu experts get very the traditional shield and stabbing spear
done to their comrades in arms. Although
excitable when Zulu warriors at Rorke’s and perhaps a smattering of old Enfield
they fired a few scattered shots they
Drift are portrayed with captured Martini- rifles with a few rounds issued out. These
soon rode off, abandoning the post to its
Henry rifles, rightly pointing out that the troops could and did fight effectively
inevitable fate.
Undi corps had been largely impotent when well led. As it turned out they fled
in the fight and hence had no access to from Rorke’s Drift even before the Zulus As the horsemen rode away, minutes
them. It is possible the junior regiment arrived. The fragile natives were driven to before the first Zulus appeared around
may have picked up some straggler’s despair by the lurid, and often accurate, the Shiyane terraces that overlooked
rifles or carbines and blazed away. accounts of slaughter and mayhem given the station from the south, Chard and
Zulu marksmanship was legendarily by fleeing stragglers from the disaster Bromhead must have felt like weeping.
poor, their powder unreliable and their at Isandlwana. Panic quickly spread Instead of a defending force of 125
muskets woeful. amongst the ranks and even the white redcoats and supernumeraries, 200 or so
86
87
88
Tiny unit
Civvies and Breech-loading Stubborn, Steady,
of Regular 1 1 4+ 1
casualties Rifle Sharpshooters, Tiny
Infantry
Stephenson’s Irregular Spears and Warband,
6 1 4+ 3
NNC 1 Warband Muskets two turns of shooting
Warband,
Stephenson’s Irregular Spears and
6 1 4+ 3 two turns of shooting
NNC 2 Warband Muskets
Regular Breech-loading
G Co, 24th Foot 6 3 4+ 3 Stubborn. Steady, Sharp shooters
y. Infantry Rifles
Special Rules
Limited ammo. To represent their limited supply of ammunition we allowed the NNC and mounted troops only two turns of shooting. However, any
units within Rorke’s Drift itself would have access to limitless ammunition and could therefore shoot indefinitely.
The British cavalry can all dismount and fight on foot - a unit can mount or dismount as part of any move or formation change. We also decided that
cavalry must be in skirmish formation if mounted, but can form up or skirmish on foot. The Marauders rule only applies to mounted units – meaning
they ignore distance penalties when given orders by a commander more than 12” distant. The cavalry are also given the Wavering rule, obliging them
to take a break test each time they suffer a casualty. The Wavering rule only applies to units in the open and not to any units that are dismounted and
placed within Rorke’s Drift.
Otherwise, the special rules are standard as described in the Black Powder rules book: Stubborn units can re-roll a single failed Morale save each
time the unit takes casualties, Steady units automatically pass their first break test of the game, Sharpshooters can re-roll one missed shot each time
they shoot, Tiny units are restricted to skirmish formation and have stats as shown, Small units have stats as shown, and Warbands have the default
warband formation in the open.
All British commanders were given a leadership rating of 8, with Chard given the ability to re-roll a failed order once per turn.
Special Rules
The four Zulu regiments were given standard rules as indicated. Of these all but the iNdluyengwe (the young bucks) have the Tough fighters rule,
which allows them to re-roll one missed strike each time they fight hand-to-hand combat. The iNdluyengwe have the Ferocious charge rule instead,
allowing them to re-roll all of their missed strikes the first time that they fight hand-to-hand combat, but with no bonus thereafter. The uThalwana are
additionally made Elite – allowing them to shrug off disorder at the start of their turn on a roll of 4, 5 or 6.
The Zulu skirmishers were arranged as Small units with the stats shown and have the Skirmish formation as default. We also gave the skirmishers the
Marauders rule – meaning they ignore distance penalties when given orders by a commander more than 12'' distant.
All Zulu commanders were given a leadership rating of 8, with Prince Dabulamanzi given the ability to re-roll a failed order once per turn.
89
THE BRITISH
ARTILLERY
90
91
92
themselves for a big attack. Faced that had skirted the station to the north
RORKE’S DRIFT VCS
with enemy advancing to their front also rampaged forward and charged the The Victoria Cross rewards extreme
and right flank, Upcher’s brigade of D defended mealie bags in the open area valour and no action in British military
and G companies of 24th Foot seemed between the hospital and store - this was history has ended with so many of them
somewhat uncertain how to proceed. One defended by Stephenson’s other unit of awarded per men engaged than Rorke’s
unit was dispatched forward to take up NNC. This gave us no fewer than four Drift. The defenders of Rorke’s Drift
received eleven VCs: seven to the 2nd
a firing position, whilst the other made fights to resolve as the Zulus fought to
Battalion, 24th Regiment, one to the
an attempt to reach the station itself - gain a foothold inside the station. Royal Engineers, one to the Army Medical
hoping to gain entry via the store yard Corps, one to the Commissariat, and one
To the east the fighting around the kraal
before the Zulus could close in. It was to the Natal Native Contingent. Modern
was to prove fierce as the NNC managed
an ambitious move (3 moves required) revisionists argue that awarding such a
to inflict a casualty and cause disorder
and an indifferent dice roll left the unit high number of VCs deflected attention
on the attackers with their single dice of from the massacre at Isandlwana fought
struggling to move through the station’s
closing fire. But once the hand-to-hand on the same day, but they don’t say which
vegetable patch.
fighting began the Natal fighters suffered ones they would rescind.
“USUTHU!” horribly at the hands of the veteran
warriors of uThulwana, although they
By now the Zulus were ready to launch
managed to hang on with a good roll for
their new wave of attacks. As brigade 3
their break test. The NNC were proving
(iNdlondlo) charged the hospital, brigade
more resilient than expected.
1 (uThulwana) charged two units against
Stephenson’s NNC in the kraal and two The other two unit of uThulwana
units against the store defended by the launched their attack upon the store held
Basutos. The two units of iNdluyengwe by Henderson’s dismounted Bastutos.
Below: The position of the Zulu brigades as the British re-inforcements arrive on the table (top left).
UTHALWANA
UDLOKO
INDLUYENGWE
INDLONDLO
93
94
95
TM
Miniatures £150
ww w. empr es sm iniatu r es. com
It’s the time you’ve been waiting for!
Our new Rorke’s Drift boxed set, crammed
with brave Redcoats, ferocious Zulus and
exciting terrain, is out now!
Grab this and some of our new plastic
boxed sets, and re-fight this most famous
of Anglo-Zulu War battles.
This set contains 20 multi-pose plastic Redcoats and These boxed sets each contain 32 plastic multi-part Zulu Warriors, and an Empress
four metal Empress Miniatures command models. Miniatures metal InDuna.
AZW British Line Infantry £20 Unmarried Zulus £20 Married Zulus £20
In the eternal quest to make our games with toy soldiers more “realistic”, a series of linked scenarios, were the
my thoughts recently turned to organising a campaign. This was for a result of one battle decides which battle
number of reasons, but chiefly because we had run out of “historical” is fought next is one of the easiest
battles to play and had drifted into set piece battles. In these encounters, campaigns to organise, but is also the
both sides used armies which were roughly equal in points values and least strategically challenging. Some
ability and generally fought over very neutrally placed terrain. periods lend themselves more readily to
campaigns than others. It is easier, for
Whilst these battles were fun and are the Players do not often get the opportunity example, to organise a campaign based
bread and butter of a wargames club, they to engage in the strategic aspect of war, on a Roman legion invading Dacia than it
did feel a little sterile and unsatisfactory. planning how forces will be divided and is to re-fight the entire Allied Normandy
Actions had no real consequences, and so supplied and devising the best places campaign of WWII.
players did not mind if their heroes died to fight their battles. This can be an So, having gone to all the trouble of
in single combat or that all their Tiger extremely rewarding part of the hobby, planning the campaign, you are now
tanks were lost. In fact, players tend to as players finally move from General to
faced with the added trouble of getting
become a little reckless with their best Commander-in-Chief, moving several
the players to play it. The longer the
Generals, hurling them into melee to armies about the countryside and making
campaign goes on the greater the chances
get the extra bonus with no thought to the decisions that will decide their fate.
are that people will drop out or stop
long years of battle that might yet
In short, campaigns give your games a playing for a variety of reasons, leaving
lie ahead.
context where the outcome of individual the organiser high and dry. Many are
A battle fought during a campaign, battles or moves will have tangible the tales told of unfinished campaigns
however, will have tangible consequences effects, which makes the wargame - as a that have fallen by the wayside due to
for subsequent battles. How often have whole - a more satisfying experience. If acrimonious disputes, bad organisation
you watched your opponent commit the this is truly the case, why don’t we play or simple loss of interest. Mention
Imperial Guard in move one, knowing more campaigns? a campaign at most clubs and your
that their loss is of no consequence as this suggestion will be met with dismay!
Put bluntly, it’s because they are a pain in
is a one off game, something Napoleon
the neck to organise! And so, to pre-programmed campaigns,
would never do? How many times have
you tried to retire some of your best Many people are put off organising a or campaigns you can play in a day! The
units off board to keep them intact when campaign for their friends or club due to idea behind this type of campaign is that
you know the day is lost? Probably the high levels of work involved. There all the donkey work is done before you
never. These issues suddenly have real are a myriad different ways to run a start playing. For this reason it will still
significance in campaign games, as the campaign, some being more difficult and take a certain amount of planning and
loss of important units or leaders can requiring more admin than others. You preparation by the umpire, but when
have a real impact on how well your could try running it as a map game, with play begins, things should move along
armies do in later battles. Campaigns players moving counters around on a hex at a cracking pace, allowing the first
also throw up the one sided battles that map, much like a board game. This can wargames to be played within minutes,
often occurred historically when supply turn out to be the most labour intensive with the campaign reaching a conclusion
trains are ambushed or isolated garrisons style of campaign, with rules required (usually) by home time.
overrun, but that you rarely see played at for sieges, supply lines and movement
the club. distances. A campaign consisting of So, how does it all work?
Above: Romans and Dacians clash on the border. Miniatures by Warlord Games.
98
99
100
101
•
Fatty In
The Wald
Old Castle
•
Dunmere
R. WEM R. TYE
•
Riverside
•
Much Trees
SAXON
LANDS
•
•
New Church N
Much North Castle
Cummings
•
Millwood
New Castle
102
HOW IT PLAYED FOR US the night. Meanwhile, at Dunmere, the known as “The Battle of Dead Man’s
Arthurian cavalry’s wending path to the Cake” (it’s a long story). A battered
We decided to use Warlord Games’
crossing meant they arrived too late to and loot-less Saxon force eventually
Ancient rules Hail Caesar for the
prevent the burning of the village by crossed the bridge at Old Castle, giving
battles in this campaign, as they play
the Saxon main force. With his militia the Arthurians the victory! The first
very quickly and get a quick result.
infantry still a day’s march away, battle of this short campaign started
Upon arrival at the club, it became
the Arthurian player decided to hold within half an hour of the campaign
obvious that we had enough players
the crossing against the Saxon main starting and we comfortably finished the
to play the Saxons and the Romano-
force with only one medium and one campaign inside four hours.
British. I gave the Saxon player the map
heavy cavalry unit. With deft skill, and
and explained their plan, from which This basic idea could be used for any
not a bit of luck, he almost managed
they were not allowed to deviate. The period, from Ancients to WWII and
it, destroying one warband and the
Romano-Brit players were then given can be made as difficult or complex
Saxon hearthguard before being over
the map and the situation was explained as the players wish. What about the
run! The Saxon force now re-united,
to them. After much tooth-sucking and effects of weather? Dust storms in the
but the players felt they had been too
pondering they decided to send two desert or heavy downpours can affect
badly damaged in the recent fights to
units of cavalry around the southern movement and battle conditions. What
continue and so they began a retreat
villages, turning out the militia and about sieges? What if there were more
to Old Castle with what loot they had.
sending the civilians back to New Saxons, or they were split into more
The pursuing force from New Church,
Castle. The militia were ordered to raiding groups? What about introducing
with the newly arrived milita and what
make for Dunmere. Meanwhile, another more than one faction, with Romano-
remained of the brave cavalry force, all
column of infantry and cavalry set off British and Welsh trying to stop the
combined at Dunmere and immediately
for New Church to collect the Bishop pre-programmed Saxon invasion into
began pursuit. Encumbered and
and his relics. their lands without crossing borders
threatened with being overtaken, the
and causing more conflict. Whatever
The first battle occurred when this Saxons abandoned their loot to move
you decide, your games will be much
column bumped into the Saxon raiding faster but were harassed all the way by
improved by being “On Campaign!”
party, intent on burning the church and the Arthurian cavalry in what became
stealing its gold! Seeing the size of the
force arrayed against him, the Saxon
player chose to retire toward Dunmere,
so our battle involved this force being
harassed by the Arthurian cavalry who
hoped to slow the Saxons until the
infantry could bring them to battle.
The Saxons played a desperate fighting
retreat that saw one of their warbands
destroyed while the other escaped into
103
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CD JI 2 Riflemen (Pack 1 - Helmets) £9.00
CD JI 3 Riflemen (Pack 2 - Softhats) £9.00
CD JI 4 L.M.G. Sections £9.00
CD JI 5 H.M.G. Sections £9.00
CD JI 7 Medium Mortars £9.00 EXCEL CENTRE, LONDON
CD JI 8 Japanese Casualties £9.00
CD229 LVT 1 Amphib Troop Carrier £9.00 CD JC 5 Field Artillery Crews £9.00 21 APRIL 2012
CD236 LVT3 (resin hull) £9.00
CD237 LVT4 “Buffalo” (resin hull) £9.00
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w w w. s k y t r e x . c o m
WI292 Skytrex.indd 1 12/12/11 15:39:29
FALL IN! 2011
HMGS EAST SHOW REPORT By Dave Taylor
For the second year in a row,
FALL IN! fell on “Halloween
Weekend”. This, combined with
the horrendous and completely
surprising weather (for October),
made for a noticably lower
attendance than in previous years.
It might seem strange that an event
that revolves around kids dressed in
outlandish costumes going door-to-
door in search of equally outlandish
quantites of candy should have such a
dramatic impact on what is primarily a
large group of middle-aged wargamers,
but it obviously does. I’m guessing
that’s because we’re all kids at heart,
and handing out that candy is just as
important for many of us.
This year weather also played a factor, as
a massive storm blanketed much of the
North East in anywhere up to 27"of snow.
Driving was difficult and this no doubt
had an impact on many of those that
would normally have made the day-trip
on Saturday.
However, despite holidays and
unseasonable weather, those who did
make it to the show dove into the many
wargames on offer with their usual level
of enthusiasm, always ready to roll some
dice and push their soldiers across the
table. Over the next few pages you can
see a small selection of the wide variety
of games on offer at the show.
Here’s hoping for better timing and
weather for 2012’s FALL IN!
106
107
108
109
110
www.wargamesillustrated.net
111
Visit our website and place your orders on our secured online ordering service.
You can also contact us at sales@expeditionaryforce.com.sg
Note: The models are made from non-phthalate plastics and tested for compliance with toy
safety regulations.
www.wartornuk.com
More info and entry forms on:
Trade and display game enquiries welcome to Kelvin on: 01723 501793
15mm AB Figures
Napoleonic French Dragoons
www.fighting15s.co.uk
28mm Colonials
1896 Campaign
Italians Infantry C9 lying dead face up C16 kneeling firing C26 kneeling loading
C1 Officer C10 waving helmet C17 kneeling loading C27 lying dead face up
C2 Standard bearer C18 advancing C28 lying dead face down
C3 Bugler Bersergalerie
C4 Sergeant C11 Officer Abyssinian Warriors Italian Artillery
C5 standing at the ready C12 Bugler C22 advancing C19 Askari kneeling
C6 standing loading C13 Sergeant C23 attacking C20 Italian kneeling
C7 kneeling firing C14 standing at the ready C24 advancing with rifle C21 Italian Officer
C8 kneeling loading C15 standing loading C25 kneeling firing
Check out the website for full list’s, prices and ranges
www.bicorne.net
See us at:
Overlord - Sunday 4th March Abingdon.
WMMS - Sunday 11th March Wolverhampton.
Salute - Saturday 21st April Excel London.
Emperor Claudius has commanded Vespasian to take the Second Augusta Legion
to the far ends of the known world. Watch this space for more news !
www.dixon-minis.com
MSS 50 Tarantine Cavalry (4 figures) £9.00 MSS62 Wrecked scythed chariot £8.00
MSS 51 Tarantine Cavalry Command (4 figures) £9.00
Also new additions to the Kingmaker Miniatures range of late medieval figures.
Longbowmen, dismounted knights with polearms and Early Condotta characters.Check the website for more details.
ARCANE
Scenery and Models
We stock a huge range of miniatures
and scale models with big name brands
such as Warlord Games, Tamiya,
Perry Miniatures, Victrix and more!
Our comprehensive range is always
expanding and includes many different
hobby and modelling materials such
as glues, plasticard, dice, tools, airbrushes,
paint, finishing materials and of course
scenery.
Whatever your hobby needs you can find
what you need at Arcane.
www.arcanesceneryandmodels.co.uk
stores.ebay.co.uk/Arcane-Scenery-and-Models
#0115 9704908
Front Rank Figurines The Granary Banbury Road Lower Boddington Daventry Northants NN11 6XY (U.K)
Tel : + 44 (0) 1327 262720 Fax : + 44 (0) 1327 260569 website www.frontrank.com
28mm ranges : 100 YEARS WAR WARS OF THE ROSES WAR of the SPANISH SUCCESSION LATE 17th CENTURY
JACOBITE REBELLION FRENCH INDIAN WARS 7 YEARS WAR AWI NAPOLEONIC 40mm range : AWI
Cavalier 2012
The Angel Centre, Tonbridge, Kent, TN9 1SF Sunday 4th March 2012
th
Sunday, 26 February 2012 10.00am to 4.00pm
10:00 until 16:00
• Admission: £4.00; Women and under 16s: Free.
• This event is supporting the charity Combat Stress.
• Approximately 40 traders will be attending.
• Visiting clubs will present demonstration games to see the hobby in
action, as well as participation games to join in.
• A large ‘Bring and Buy’. Booking Forms are available in advance.
• For further details see our website www.twws.org.uk.
Catering is provided by
Perfect Platters of
Tonbridge, and there will
be a bar available from
11.00 onwards.
The Angel Centre is 5
minutes on foot from
Tonbridge Station and is Fitzharrys School, Abingdon, OX14 1NP
surrounded by extensive Participation / Demo games, Bring & Buy, Traders, Food.
FREE car parking.
For more Information contact:
TWWS meets on the 1st
and 3rd Sundays each Paul Smith - 01235 529264
month in Speldhurst Parish Simon Davies - 07921 239722
Hall. Email: overlord_awc@hotmail.com
Free parking and all welcome to come along and have a fun day.
CHECK OUT WEBSITE FOR LIST OF TRADERS ATTENDING
www.abingdonwargames.org.uk
T H E W E S T M I D L A N D S M I L I TA RY S H O W
SUNDAY 11th MARCH 2012
Aldersley Leisure Village, Aldersley Road,
Wolverhampton, WV6 9NW.
South of Junction 2 M54.
Follow the signs for ‘Aldersley Leisure Village’.
40 Plus Traders, Wargames and Modellers.
B&B. Bar and Food. Excellent Facilities
with Free Car Parking.
Open 10.00am - 4.00pm
Adults £3.00 Children £1.00
Family ticket £5.00
Enquiries: Dave Jarman 01902 847900
Paul Yates 0121 358 2900
Email: david.jarman4@virgin.net
Website: www.alumwellwargames.co.uk
LATEST RELEASES!
Napoleonic Westphalian Guard Horse Artillery
Napoleonic Westphalian Guard Chevauleger
1796 Range - Austrian Hussars
1809 Range - French Guard Fusilier Grenadiers
I will buy your entire collection (not just the good bits), pay in cash, and
collect the items from your door. No distance is too far.
QUICKMARCH MINIATURES
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FLAMES OF WAR
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COMMISSIONED PAINTING SERVICE
Contact: martin@quickmarchminiatures.com
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Mini adverts (as shown below) are available at the very economical price of £25 (from US$40) per insertion. You mini advert can
include a photos/illustration and logo and will be 45mm high by 65mm wide. Contact adverts@wargamesillustrated.net
UP coming Events
* Vallejo paints & brushes 11th feb: Dystopian Ocean II. 1 Day
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* 1/72, 1/32 & 28mm plastics 25-26th feb: Iron Helix. A LOSE Warmachine-
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3-4th mar: Fear Naught - Flames of War
* Kits & hobby supplies Campaign weekend
* Armies in Plastic, TSSD 14-15th Apr: A VonWar 2 Day 2300pt Tournament
5th MAY: We will be at Legionary. Call and pre-
* Britains Deetail, CTS, BMC order to collect at the show and get
a 20% off RRP discount
* Del Prado, Lord of the Rings
* Online guides & gallery
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T h e W O R L D ’ S P R E M I E R TA B L E T O P G A M I N G M A G A Z I N E
E
To go large: The act of up-sizing from regular
GA MING
M AG
AZIN
to large, or from large to extra large etc.
P REMI
E R TA
BL ETOP
Definition - The Urban Dictionary
LD’S
WOR
The
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•€ hussit Jan Zizka
£4.50 s $1 .0
2 0 ors of
0 • Au ible The warri
US $8.5 s poss
irty a n in Africa
figh t as d gio Le
ch Foreign
The Fren
it!”
“go to uppe Normandy E!
MOR
AND
fgr
s in Kamp
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The Para
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