Unit 1

Pushing the Limits

1 Match the word to its definition or description. Write the letter on the line.

e 1. mental
_____ a. S
 omeone who plays against you.
g 2. o bstacles
_____ b. He learnt skydiving. He realised his dream.

b 3. a chieved
_____ c. It’s something that separates two places.

f 4. h azardous
_____ d. I t’s too high. I can’t touch it.

c 5. boundary
_____ e. A difficult puzzle provides this type of challenge.

h 6. physical
_____ f. The desert conditions were dangerous.

a 7. opponent
_____ g. He faces many difficulties.

d 8. unreachable
_____ h. M
 ountain climbing requires this type of strength.

2 Fill in the blank with the correct word from Activity 1.

1. She achieved her goal and won the gold medal.

2. There were many obstacles to overcome.

3. The weather conditions were extreme and hazardous .

4. This difficult maths problem requires great mental effort.

5. The top of the mountain was unreachable .

6. He beat his opponent .

7. These trees mark the boundary between the two houses.

8. Rock climbing takes unbelievable physical effort.

93952_002-011_U01.indd 2 8/3/16 9:50 AM

 3 Look at the pictures. Then listen to each situation. Choose the correct word from the box
and write it under the picture that describes it. 002

determination  endurance  extreme  opponent  pain  push himself  role model

determination extreme endurance

94 ... 95

pain push himself role model

4 Write. Use each word from Activity 3 in a sentence. Possible answers

1. I can’t exercise anymore. I pushed myself to the limit.

2. I ran a marathon. I’m in a lot of pain.

3. She achieves great results. She works hard. She is my role model.

4. Extreme sports are becoming more and more popular.

5. Marcia never gave up; she reached her goal with determination.
6. Tom needed unbelievable endurance to continue with strength training.

93952_002-011_U01.indd 3 8/3/16 9:50 AM

 Gr ammar
Embedded clauses, questions and commands

I think … Avalanches are very dangerous. I think avalanches are very dangerous.

I wonder ... How difficult is that climb? I wonder how difficult that climb is.

Do you know … Is it safe to climb that Do you know if it’s safe to climb that
mountain in autumn? mountain in autumn?

I’m telling you … Be careful on the ice! I’m telling you to be careful on the ice!

You can make statements, ask questions or give commands indirectly using verbs like think,
wonder or tell. When you ask an indirect question, pay attention to word order. If the answer to
a question is yes or no, you need to use if. When you give an indirect command, you need to
use to followed by an infinitive.

1 Read the sentences. Re-write them using embedded statements, questions and
commands.
1. Non-traditional sports are becoming popular.

I think non-traditional sports are becoming popular .

2. Buy the right equipment for surfing.

I’m telling you to buy the right equipment for surfing .

3. How many ski races do you go to every year?

I’d like to know how many ski races you go to every year .

4. How do we get to the top of the mountain from here?

We’re not sure how we get to the top of the mountain from here .

5. Why do people push themselves to their limits?

I wonder why people push themselves to their limits .

6. Put away the mountain bike.

My mum is asking me to put away the mountain bike .

93952_002-011_U01.indd 4 8/3/16 9:50 AM

 2
7 Unscramble the words. Write embedded statements, questions and commands. Pay
attention to word order.
1. role / good / models / think / set / I / examples

I think role models set good examples.

2. extreme / I / endurance / guess / sports / unbelievable / require

I guess extreme sports require unbelievable endurance.

3. when / next / the / wonder / marathon / I / is

I wonder when the next marathon is.

4. sporting events / go to / what / you / asking / I’m / you

I’m asking you what sporting events you go to.

5. slow / I’m / down / you / asking / to

I’m asking you to slow down.

6. snowboarding / he / a lot of / thinks / training / requires

He thinks snowboarding requires a lot of training.

7. train / you/ during / if / the / like / months / winter / I’d / to know

I’d like to know if you train during the winter months.

3 Listen. Write the questions as embedded

statements. 003

1. I wonder who your role model is .

2. Can you tell me what you do in hazardous conditions ?

3. I’d like to know how many events you won this year .

4. I’d also like to know how many events you participate in each year .

5. I’m curious to find out what you do to overcome obstacles .

6. I’d like to know if you feel proud when you represent your country .

93952_002-011_U01.indd 5 8/3/16 9:51 AM

 1 Listen and read. As you read, notice what makes Laura a good role model. 004

A Determined Young Woman

When Laura Dekker was 13, she had alone. She believed that her mental and
a dream. Her dream was to sail around physical skills enabled her to endure
the world on her own. Her passion for such a long journey.
sailing started when she was young. Laura eventually set sail when
She was born on a boat and spent the she was 14. She sailed over 43,000 km
first five years of her life at sea. By the (27,000 miles) and across 3 oceans. Her
time she was seven, she was sailing in trip lasted 366 days. Life on the boat
competitive races. Over the years, she was a bit of a struggle, but she pushed
learnt everything about sailing and herself. She had no fridge or washing
weather systems. When she was ten, machine. There was no shower and
she bought her own sailing boat with she had to repair everything herself.
money she saved. It seemed that there She spent weeks on her own but used
was no stopping her. her time well. She kept a diary and
However, it wasn’t easy to follow her completed schoolwork to help her
dream. The main obstacle she faced finish high school.
was not hazardous weather, but her Laura’s determination helped
age. People told her she was too young. her achieve her dream. After her
They said that sailing on her own was trip, she spent time speaking about
beyond her ability and that the journey her experiences to adults and young
could have serious consequences. people. She also wrote a book about her
With determination, however, Laura travels. She hasn’t stopped sailing and
convinced everyone that she was says, ‘I still have a lot of dreams. You
capable of sailing around the world can never have enough of them.’

93952_002-011_U01.indd 6 8/3/16 9:51 AM

 2 Read. Circle the correct answers.
1. Laura wanted to sail because .

a. she bought a boat   b. it was her dream

2. Laura spent the first years of her life .

a. on a boat   b. on land

3. The main obstacle Laura faced was that she to sail around the world on her own.

a. wasn’t the right age   b. had the right skills

4. It was Laura’s that helped her achieve her dream.

a. studies  b. determination

5. While she sailed around the world, she .

a. repaired the washing machine   b. wrote and studied

6. Laura .

a. still sails and has dreams   b. spends all her time inspiring others

3
7 Read the article again. Fill in the timeline with Laura’s age and the important event that
happened at that point in her life.

LAURA’S TIMELINE
AGE 0 1–5 years 7 years old 10 years old 14 years old present

Laura was years already buys first sails around still sails;
EVENT born in spent competes sailing the world gives talks
1995 at sea in races boat alone

4
7 Write. What do you need to do to accomplish your dream? Answers will vary.
My dream is to

To achieve my dream I need to

7

93952_002-011_U01.indd 7 8/3/16 9:51 AM

 Gr ammar
Adding emphasis

My brother prefers living in the country to The place (where) my brother prefers to live
living in the city. is in the country.

The thing (that) I really admire about Cory

I really admire Cory Richards’ determination.
Richards is his determination.

The hikers hated camping in hazardous The reason (why) the hikers hated
weather. camping was the hazardous weather.

I like kitesurfing. It pushes me to my physical What I like best about kitesurfing is that it
and mental limits. pushes me to my physical and mental limits.

We draw our listeners’ attention to what is important by focusing on it. We say where, when, who,
why or what at the beginning of the sentence.

1 Listen. Then complete the dialogues. 005

A: I love trying out new sports.

B: The thing (that) I want to try is skydiving.

A: Skateboarding is great. You can do it anywhere.

B: The reason (why) I like skateboarding is that you don’t need
a lot of expensive equipment.

A: I’m planning to go scuba diving in the Red Sea next year.

B: The place (where) I want to go scuba diving is the Great Barrier Reef!

2 Read. Then write a sentence emphasising your preferences and reasons. Possible answers
1. I love summer holidays.

The thing (that) I love about summer holidays is that we go to the beach every day.

2. I like to travel and explore other countries.

The place (where) I would like to travel and explore is São Paulo, Brazil.

3. I really want to meet a famous photographer.

The person (that) I really want to meet is Cory Richards.

4. I prefer team sports.

The reason (why) I prefer team sports is that you have to work with others.
8

93952_002-011_U01.indd 8 8/3/16 9:51 AM

 3 Read the advertisement. Answer the questions. Give your reason and make sure you add

X
emphasis in your answers.

e treme-dream
s p o r t s

Are you adventurous? Do you want to try location to try this new sport – with its light
a sport that will push you to your physical winds and gentle waves. Palm trees surround
limits and help you connect with nature? our golden beaches. After a hard day of
training, you can relax on the beach with a
Extreme-Dream Sports offers a range
cool coconut drink.
of extreme sports in locations all over the
world. We have experienced teachers who Our sandboarding classes are popular
know how to make their sport easy to learn. with the whole family. We have camps and
offer group or individual classes. You will
Our holiday trips include travel and hotel. We
be in total control as you learn to slide down
also provide all the equipment you need to
the rolling sand dunes. You will love the
make your new adventure a success.
unbelievable sense of space and the freedom
This year we have two new extreme sports of being in a desert.
for you to try!
Why not try a new extreme sport? Check
First, we offer kitesurfing. It takes place out our website for more information. Hope
on a beautiful tropical island. It’s the perfect to see you soon!

1. Which extreme sport would you love to try? Possible answers

What I would love to try is sandboarding because I have never been in a desert.

2. Why would you want to try one of these extreme sports?

The reason I want to try sandboarding is that I have never tried an extreme sport.

3. What would you love about sandboarding or kitesurfing?

What I would love about kitesurfing is that I could fly.

4. Where would you really want to go on your next holiday?

Where I really want to go on my next holiday is Egypt because I want to see

the pyramids.
9

93952_002-011_U01.indd 9 8/3/16 9:51 AM

 Writing
A biography tells the story of a person’s life. We use words and expressions to help us connect
ideas and describe the main events chronologically, in the order they happened.
• at first • little by little
• afterwards • more recently
• eventually • today
• later on • ultimately

1 Organise.
1. Your topic is the Biography of an athlete. Do some research on the Internet about different
athletes. Choose an athlete who inspires you and who you feel is a good role model for
others. Use the writing box below to write the main events of the athlete’s life in the
correct order. Add dates. Choose events that show how your athlete became the role
model he/she is today.

Name of athlete:

Born:

Event 1:

Event 2:

Event 3:

2. Plan your writing. You’ll need an introductory paragraph with a topic sentence. Your
topic sentence should state that you are going to write a biography about an athlete who
is a role model for others. Explain why you have chosen this particular athlete. Write your
explanation here:

Write three paragraphs. Use the expressions above and your notes from the table to guide
you. Describe your athlete’s achievements using the words at first in your first paragraph,
afterwards in your middle paragraph, and eventually/little by little and more recently/today
in your third paragraph.

Finish your biography with a brief statement of why this athlete is a good role model.

2 Write.
1. Go to page 21 in your book. Re-read the model and writing prompt.

2. Write your first draft. Check for organisation, content, punctuation, capitalisation and
spelling.

3. Write your final draft. Share it with your teacher and classmates.
10

93952_002-011_U01.indd 10 8/3/16 9:51 AM

 Now I can ...
• talk about extreme sports and overcoming obstacles. o Yes, I can!
o I think I can.
Why do you think Cory and Amy are featured in this unit? o I need more practice.
Possible answer: They both push themselves mentally and physically.

What extreme sport or mental challenge would you like to try? Why?
Answers will vary.

• use embedded statements, questions and commands. o Yes, I can!

o I think I can.
Make sentences to form embedded statements, questions and commands. o I need more practice.

I think ... How will I beat my opponent?

I’m asking you to ... Some extreme sports are too dangerous.
I wonder ... Push yourself and do your best.
I think some extreme sports are too dangerous.
I’m asking you to push yourself and do your best.
I wonder how I will beat my opponent.

• use different word order for emphasis. Possible answers o Yes, I can!
o I think I can.
I have always wanted a house on the beach. o I need more practice.

The place (where) I have always wanted a house is the beach. .

I would like to try sandboarding.

The extreme sport (that) I would like to try is sandboarding. .

I love where I live because I can do a lot of sports.

The reason (why) I love where I live is because I can do a lot of sports. .

• write a biography of an athlete who is also a role model. o Yes, I can!

o I think I can.
Write about an athlete. Use the words in the box. o I need more practice.

at first  later on  more recently  was born in

you decide Choose an activity. Go to page 90.

11

93952_002-011_U01.indd 11 8/3/16 9:51 AM

 Unit 2

It Takes a Village
1 Read. Complete the sentences. Then do the puzzle.
1. Photos taken from the air help 1. s c a l e
us understand the scale 2. m e a s u r e
of the disaster. 3. a m o u n t
measure 4. n e t w o r k
2. When you something,
you look for the size or quantity of it.
5. d a t a
6. c
r i s i s
3. The cost of something is its 7. m o n i t o r
amount . 8. u p d a t e
4. A social network 9. p r o c e s s
connects information between 10. e v i d e n c e
people and electronic devices. 11. h u m a n i t a r i a n
12. e x p a n d
5. Facts and information are examples
data 13. g e n e r a t e
of .

6. In times of crisis , people often help each other.

7. Researchers monitor , or watch, something for a special purpose over a period

of time.

8. An update is the most recent information, such as news.

9. Computers process information or data very quickly.

10. Facts and signs provide evidence to show that something is true.

11. A humanitarian works to make other people’s lives better.

12. To make something expand means to make it greater in size.

13. Crisis mappers analyse information and generate solutions.

What’s the secret word? crowdsourcing Write a definition using your own words.

Possible answer: Crowdsourcing is a way to send and collect information from

a large number of people through online networking and social media.

12

93952_012-023_U02.indd 12 8/3/16 9:51 AM

 2 Read. Circle the correct word.
1. After the typhoon, rescuers uploaded / expanded a lot of pictures on social media.

2. Rescuers use modern technology to monitor / expand conditions after a hurricane.

3. Small earthquakes and volcanic ash provided data / evidence that the volcano was about
to erupt.

4. Scientists collected and analysed crowdsourcing / data for their research.

5. What if we went online and became digital humanitarians / data to help people in need?

6. Many organisations often use crisis / crowdsourcing to highlight environmental

disasters and raise money.

3 Fill in the blanks with the correct words from Activity 1.

1. Crisis mapping is evidence that anyone can help those in need.

2. After an earthquake, a large amount of water and food must be sent

to the scene.

3. Computers can process information more quickly than humans.

4. Rescuers can use technology to monitor conditions after a disaster.

5. Scientists analyse data and study it for its meaning.

6. Humanitarians work to help other people.

7. The news report gave the latest update about the destruction.

8. Avalanches can cause a major crisis .

9. The Internet allows people to expand their communication.

10. It’s difficult to measure the level of the destruction after an

earthquake.

11. A computer network helps people to share information.

12. Crisis maps help us see the scale of a disaster.

13. The results of her research always generate a lot of excitement.

13

93952_012-023_U02.indd 13 8/3/16 9:51 AM

 Grammar
Future tenses: Describing events in the future

Next summer, I will co-ordinate work at our local charity.

In the next few years, more people will be collaborating through crowdsourcing.

What will you be doing this time tomorrow?

By the end of next week, digitial humanitarians will have used more data.

We use will + infinitive to talk about future events and situations. We also use it for predicting:
I think it will rain later.

We use will + be + -ing to indicate an activity that is in progress at some point in the future.

We use will + have + past participle to indicate that an action will already be completed by a
certain time in the future.

1 Listen and complete the table. Then answer the questions in full sentences. 006

Every day go online and check emails

Monday look at photos

Tuesday review and upload photos

Wednesday collect and send text messages

Thursday read text messages

1. Where will the students be volunteering?

They will be volunteering at school.

2. What will they use to identify buildings with serious damage?

They will use a red code.

3. Who will they be sending text messages to on Wednesday?

They will be sending them to translators.

4. Describe three tasks that the students will have done by Friday.

They will have looked at photos / identified damaged buildings / collected text
messages / sent messages to translators / uploaded photos / read text messages

14

93952_012-023_U02.indd 14 8/3/16 9:51 AM

 2
7 Fill in the blanks. Complete each sentence with a word or words from the box.

donate  fundraiser  good cause  help out  network  volunteers

1. She wants to help out by cooking at the local community centre.

2. The Spring Fair, with all its activities, will be an excellent fundraiser .

3. We will be taking part in a bike ride across the country to raise awareness for a
good cause .

4. Marzan has a network of friends who live all over the world.

5. Organisers are hoping that more volunteers will become digital

humanitarians.

Match a sentence from A with a sentence in B. Write the number on the line. Underline
examples of the future.
B
4 a. B
_____  y the end of the year, he will have visited them all!
5 b. T
_____  hat way, they will be able to analyse data faster.
3 c. B
_____  y the end of the journey, we will have travelled through every major city.
1 d. N
_____  ext year she will give free cooking classes.
2 e. L ast year it raised over €5,000 for cancer research. This year we hope it will raise
_____
even more money.

3 Answer the questions about your day tomorrow. Answers will vary.
1. Where will you be at midday tomorrow?

2. What will you be doing in the afternoon?

3. What will you have done by this time tomorrow?

15

93952_012-023_U02.indd 15 8/3/16 9:51 AM

 1 Listen and read. As you read, think about how the title and the saying are connected.
007

The New Digital Global Community

There’s an old saying: ‘It takes a village to bring up a child.’ This saying, or proverb,
suggests that the community is just as important as the family when looking after a
child. Both the family and the community share in the responsibility. Patrick Meier
believes that new technologies do the same thing. He believes that digital technology
is creating a global village where people care about and help each other in times
of need.
One type of digital technology that has made it easy to be involved in local or
global events is crowdsourcing. Now anyone can take action. All around the globe,
people are networking for the greater good, and not only in times of crisis.
For example, digital volunteers have classified 4 million images of the surface of
Mars. Without volunteers, this would have taken scientists many years to do.
In Russia, a mobile phone alert tells blood donors that someone in their local
area with the same blood type needs a blood donation. In India, people are using
‘unsmart’ phones as a tool to report government actions.
In the United Kingdom, a site encourages older people who live alone to network
and cook meals for each other. In the United States, a site for patients and families
means they can share experiences of looking after very ill family members. It also
provides a rich resource for medical researchers.
Nowadays, even animals benefit from digital technology! Across Africa and Asia, a
website allows people to report on wildlife crimes.
The new digital global community is working together to research, explore, share
and survive disasters. It’s becoming a worldwide village with digital humanitarians
ready to be responsible for making the world a better place to live in.

16

93952_012-023_U02.indd 16 8/3/16 9:51 AM

 2 Read. Circle the best answer.
1. The reading describes how .
a. a young engineer helped his community b. technology is bringing the world together

2. The reading gives .

a. a description of village life in Africa b. examples of the world finding solutions to
its problems

3. In the reading, the author suggests that .

a. p
 eople are taking action locally and b. people only work together in times of
globally natural disasters

4. The reading informs us that .

a. t he Internet and mobile phones are tools b. only people with the latest technology can
to help us face new challenges be digital humanitarians

5. In the reading, we’re given examples of how .

a. t o use computer and smartphone apps b. networking and crowdsourcing can benefit
effectively scientific research, medicine and the
environment

3
7 Look at the map. Add information that describes how each region uses crowdsourcing.
Then research a different country or region that uses crowdsourcing. Add it to the map.

c a. blood donations
share experiences with others who have ill
b. family members
a
c. network and cook meals for each other
b
d d. report wildlife crimes

f e. report government actions

f. report wildlife crimes

e
Your idea:

4
7 Write. In your notebook, explain your understanding of the proverb, ‘It takes a village to bring
up a child.’ How have people outside your family influenced you?
Possible answer: Everyone is responsible for teaching a child, not just the parents. A child
can learn a lot from the experience and skills of teachers, friends, coaches and so on. In a
community, we should all look out for and take care of each other.
17

93952_012-023_U02.indd 17 8/3/16 9:51 AM

 Grammar
Quantifiers: Expressing amounts

Half of / Fifty per cent of the population is A lot of / Two-thirds of / Sixty-seven per
an online user. cent of students are online users.

The majority of / Most of the community The majority of / Most of the community is
members are collaborating. collaborating.

A number of digital humanitarians are The number of digital humanitarians is

creating crisis maps. growing.

When you use expressions to talk about quantities, pay attention to the noun to decide if the
verb is singular or plural. Remember that uncountable nouns take a singular verb.

The expressions a number of and the number of are used with plural nouns. A number of
means some and takes a plural verb. The number of refers to a specific quantity and takes a
singular verb.

Read. Underline the quantifiers. Then listen and tick T for True or F for False. Rewrite any
1
false sentences as true. 008
T F
1. Half of the people on the planet have a mobile phone. ✓

2. The number of text messages is increasing all the time. ✓

3. One-third of all text messages contain a photo. ✓

4. Less than 20 per cent of people who text are under 18. ✓

5. A large number of people over the age of 65 send messages. ✓

Two-thirds of the people on the planet have a mobile phone.

More than half of all text messages contain a photo.

A small number of people over the age of 65 send messages.

2 Listen. Circle the expression that summarises the information about the event. 009

1. A lot of / A number of people took part in the fundraising run.

2. Over half of / A small number of students didn’t show up.
3. Two-thirds of / The majority of the runners were students.
4. A third of / More than 50 per cent of the runners finished the race in under an hour and
30 minutes.
18

93952_012-023_U02.indd 18 8/3/16 9:51 AM

 3 Read. Then complete each sentence with a phrase from the box that can mean
the same as the underlined words in the letter.

Dear Students
We are organising a Spring Fair at the
school next month. We are very excited.
We hope that by the end of the event, we’ll
have raised thousands of euros. This will
help build a new home for the elderly in
our community.
As you know from last year, hundreds of
parents attend our event. At least 50 per
cent of those parents will come with young children. We need five volunteers to do
activities such as face painting and traditional games with the younger children.
We also need student volunteers to work at the stands. We will have 18 stands in
total. Six of the stands will sell food. The rest of the stands will offer toys, crafts and
books.
We really look forward to your participation and hope that you can help out some
of the time at the Spring Fair for this important cause.
Yours faithfully
Mrs Torres
Head Teacher

the majority of   a small number of   half of   a lot of   a third of

1. The school wants to raise a lot of money for a good cause.

2. Half of the parents will come with young children.

3. The head teacher wants a small number of students to do activities

with young children.

4. A third of the stands will sell food.

5. The majority of stands will sell toys, crafts and books.

19

93952_012-023_U02.indd 19 8/3/16 9:51 AM

 Writing
In persuasive writing, you need to convince your reader to share your opinion. It’s important
to state exactly why the reader should share your ideas and to support your statements with
facts. The following expressions can help you:
• according to • based on
• equally important / necessary • especially
• it’s clear that

1 Organise.
1. Your task is to persuade your readers to take part in a local or global community service
project. Brainstorm projects that you are passionate about and choose one to write
about. Write the name of your project on the line below. In the first column, list one or
two reasons why people should join you in this campaign. In the second column, add
important facts to support your reasons.

Name of your project

Reasons Important Facts

2. Plan your writing. You’ll need a general opening statement that describes the project
and what needs to be done. For example: There are nearly 2,500 items of rubbish for every
kilometre on a beach! We need people to …

Write your topic sentence here.

3. You’ll need two or three short paragraphs describing what work needs to be done and why
it’s important. Remember to provide evidence and/or facts in each paragraph to persuade
your readers to join your project.
4. Finally, you’ll need a concluding paragraph. It will summarise your campaign and include
a ‘call to action’ on the part of your readers.

2 Write.
1. Go to page 37 in your book. Re-read the model and writing prompt.

2. Write your first draft. Check for organisation, content, punctuation, capitalisation and
spelling.

3. Check your final draft. Share it with your teacher and classmates.

20

93952_012-023_U02.indd 20 8/3/16 9:51 AM

 Now I can ...
• talk about digital humanitarians and crowdsourcing. Possible answers o Yes, I can!
o I think I can.
How has technology helped to bring communities together? o I need more practice.
It has created a global village where people care about and help each
other in times of need.
How would you define a ‘crisis map’ to a friend?
It’s a digital map that measures the scale of a disaster and provides
up-to-date information about a crisis.
• use future tenses to describe events in the future. o Yes, I can!
o I think I can.
2020   2021   2022   2023   2024   2025 o I need more practice.

September 2020 June 2024

start university 2022–2023 finish university
work experience abroad

I will start university in September 2020.

Between 2022 and 2023, I will be working abroad.

By June 2024, I will have finished university.

• use different expressions of quantity. o Yes, I can!

o I think I can.
Choose the item that correctly completes each sentence. o I need more practice.
1. The school raised money at the fundraiser.
a. a number of   b. a lot of

2. the community participates in crowdsourcing.

a. The number of    b. Half of

• write a persuasive essay to convince someone to take part o Yes, I can!

in a community service project. o I think I can.
o I need more practice.
Persuade your friends to participate in cleaning up a nearby
park. Write three sentences using the phrases below.
based on . . .   equally important . . .   it’s clear . . .

Possible answer: It’s clear that there aren’t enough litter bins in the park. Based on this
fact, we need to write a letter to the park authorities and request more litter bins. Equally
important is that, in the meantime, we clean up the park so people can enjoy it more.

you decide Choose an activity. Go to page 91. 21

93952_012-023_U02.indd 21 8/3/16 9:51 AM

 Units 1–2 Review
1 Read the text. Choose the best answer for each blank. The first one is done for you.
Vertical Ice Boundaries
You don’t have to go out into (1) b weather conditions to test your levels of (2) c .
This (3) b sport will really make you push yourself to your physical (4) a .
It doesn’t matter if you are an experienced climber or not, our indoor ice walls will give
you an (5) b experience.
We have one-hour sessions every afternoon, but we also offer special training (6) a
once a month. Our qualified teachers help new climbers (7) b their fear of heights and
fear of falling. They also show techniques for using the equipment. With our teachers and
your (8) a , you will reach your (9) c on our ice walls!

1. a. today’s b. hazardous c. summer

2. a. struggle b. pain c. endurance
3. a. peak b. non-traditional c. boundary
4. a. limit b. height c. in control
5. a. expensive b. unbelievable c. outgoing
6. a. events b. parties c. sports
7. a. observe b. overcome c. achieve
8. a. determination b. money c. friends
9. a. role model b. opponent c. peak performance

2 Read the text. Choose the best word to fill each blank.
collaborate crisis crowdsourced data empowering generate
measure monitor network process scale uploaded

The Zooniverse is the world’s largest online collection of people-powered science

projects. Hundreds of thousands of people around the world (1) collaborate with
professional researchers. These digital volunteers help manage large amounts of
(2) data which would be too much for researchers to (3) process alone.
In one project, volunteers watched videos from 50 cameras focused on nesting penguins.
They had to (4) monitor and record the birth of each chick.
Zooniverse has collaborated in many times of (5) crisis , such as an
earthquake. In Nepal, in 2015, they (6) crowdsourced the mapping of the disaster area
by analysing thousands of images (7) uploaded from people’s mobile phones. The
images helped relief organisations understand the (8) scale of the disaster and
where help was needed.
Teachers use Zooniverse projects to (9) generate students’ interest. Everyone can
play a part in this (10) network of digital humanitarians. It can be a very
(11) empowering experience.
22

93952_012-023_U02.indd 22 8/3/16 9:51 AM

 3
7 Complete the second sentence so that it has a meaning similar to the first sentence.
1. What would life be like on Mars?

I wonder what life would be like on Mars .

2. Please put on a helmet when you go skiing.

She’s asking us to put on a helmet when we go skiing .

3. Can you upload the photos when you have looked at them?

He is telling them to upload the photos when they have looked at them .

4. I don’t like extreme sports. You always need a lot of equipment.

What I don’t like is extreme sports because you need a lot of equipment .

5. I really want to be a digital humanitarian so I can help others.

The reason I want to be a digital humanitarian is to help others .

4
7 Read the blog entry. Tick (✓) the correct statements.

Saturday, 19th May

Tomorrow I will be revisiting my childhood. I will be looking through clothes and

toys from when I was a child. By this time next week, we’ll have moved to a new city
and to a new house. My parents think that this is a good reason to throw things out
and clean up. Most things I don’t use anymore. For example, I still have my first pair
of school shoes, which I haven’t worn for ten years!

I will try to get rid of at least 60 per cent of what I have. Many toys are old and
broken. But, I think, a third of them will be OK to donate to a children’s charity. Then
there are my old books. The majority of the books are in good condition. They all
hold many happy memories and hopefully they will make other children happy, too.

1. The reason for cleaning up is for charity.

2. By next Sunday, the family will have moved into their new house. ✓
3. She doesn’t use the majority of toys and clothes. ✓
4. She will get rid of more than half of her childhood things. ✓
5. A lot of toys are old and broken. ✓
6. She will give 50 per cent of her toys to charity.
23

93952_012-023_U02.indd 23 8/3/16 9:51 AM

 Unit 3

Food Matters
1 Match each picture to the correct sentence. Write the number on the line.

1. 2 a. Some crops are still harvested by hand.

6 b. P
 ackaged food can be convenient but the
2. plastic is harmful to the environment.

7 c. Some fast food can be too salty for my taste.

3.
1 d. A main course is your main meal at a
restaurant.

4.
3 e. You know you are eating wholesome food
when it is straight from your garden!

5.
5 f. Transporting food across the globe has an
impact on the environment.

6.
8 g. The fruit at the local market was diverse
and interesting.

7. 4 h. Commercial fishing is affecting fish stocks.

8.

24

93952_024-033_U03.indd 24 8/3/16 9:51 AM

 2 Fill in the blanks with words from Activity 1.
1. French fries and fried chicken don’t look very wholesome to me. Let’s
order a chicken salad instead!

2. The tray of fresh chicken was packaged so tightly, I had to use scissors
to open it.

3. The range of products they sell is very diverse . They sell clothes,
toys and food!

4. Wheat is harvested between August and September with big

machines.

5. Try the local river trout. It’s caught less than eight kilometres
away and it’s delicious.

6. Farmlands in North America grow commercial crops, such as wheat,

to sell globally.

7. Eating locally grown foods can have a positive impact on

the environment.

8. I love spicy food. What taste do you have in food?

3 Listen. Then complete the sentences. 010

1. His taste in food is simple and wholesome .

2. He used to help his dad harvest tomatoes and beans / dig up potatoes .

3. He buys at the local supermarket because it’s close and more convenient .

4. The local supermarket sells spices and exotic fruits .

5. One advantage of globalisation is that he can buy food from different countries .

6. The lamb from New Zealand is packaged .

7. Transporting foods from far away has an impact on the environment .

8. Reflection can help us make the environment better.

25

93952_024-033_U03.indd 25 8/3/16 9:51 AM

 Gr ammar
Mixed conditionals: Describing an imagined event in the past and a present result

If we had managed our food sources better, fewer people would go hungry today.

If Christopher Columbus hadn’t travelled to the Americas, I wouldn’t be eating potatoes

right now!

If he had added spices, would the fish taste better?

If you hadn’t eaten so much ice cream, you might feel better right now.

The sentence ‘If I had time, I would cook a healthy dinner’ expresses an unreal situation in the
present. Both parts of the sentence refer to the present.

The sentence ‘If I had had time, I would have cooked a healthy dinner’ expresses an unreal
or imaginary situation in the past. Both parts of the sentence refer to the past. In the mixed
conditional sentences in this unit, we contrast an imagined event in the past (using the past
perfect) with a present result (using would, might or could).

If + past perfect, would (might, could) + verb (infinitive without to)

1 Read. Then circle the best explanation.

1. If they had ordered wholesome food, they would feel healthier.
a. T  hey didn’t order wholesome food and now they don’t feel very healthy.
b. They ordered wholesome food and now they feel healthy.

2. If Christopher Columbus hadn’t travelled to the Americas, I wouldn’t be harvesting

potatoes in my garden now!
a. H  e travelled to the Americas and now I am not growing potatoes.
b. He travelled to the Americas and now I’m growing potatoes.

3. The fish would taste better if he had added spices.

a. H  e didn’t add spices and the fish doesn’t taste very good.
b. He didn’t add spices and the fish didn’t taste very good.

4. They would know that food packaging is bad for the environment if they had read
the article.
a. They read the article and know that food packaging is bad for the environment.
b. They didn’t read the article and don’t know that food packaging is bad for the
environment.

26

93952_024-033_U03.indd 26 8/3/16 9:51 AM

 2
7 Listen. Then complete the sentences. 011

1. If the runner hadn’t followed a protein diet,

he wouldn’t be feeling so healthy and strong now .

2. If my friend had been more grateful ,

I would help her again .

3. If the cook hadn’t lost the recipe ,

the meal wouldn’t taste so spicy .

4. If we hadn’t had so many revolutionary people throughout history,

the world would be a different place today .

3 Read. Write a mixed conditional sentence.

1. I didn’t follow the recipe. The main course is a disaster.
If I had followed the recipe, the main course would not be a disaster.

2. Columbus brought back new and interesting food. Our food today is more diverse.
If Columbus hadn’t brought back new and interesting food, our food today wouldn’t
be so diverse.
3. I moved to India last year. My taste in food is different now.
If I hadn’t moved to India, my taste in food wouldn’t be different now.

4. The farmers didn’t have a good harvest. The weather conditions were terrible.
If the weather conditions had been better, the farmers would have a good harvest.

5. Julia Child wrote a recipe book. I now cook French food all the time.
If Julia Child hadn’t written a recipe book, I wouldn’t cook French food all the time now.

4 Write. What would be the present result of these situations for you? Possible answers

1. If I had heard the news yesterday,

I would know that our oceans are being overfished .

2. If I had reflected more on the snacks I eat,

I would buy snacks with less packaging .

3. If I hadn’t ignored my parents’ advice,

I would be doing homework right now .

27

93952_024-033_U03.indd 27 8/3/16 9:51 AM

 1 Listen and read. As you read the article, think about how it relates to the unit. 012

Food from the Rooftops

Caleb Harper isn’t the only person shown that urban farming is affected
researching new ways to bring by soil conditions and air pollution.
farms into cities. A new company in However, because the Growbot system
California has developed a system of contains its plants in the greenhouses
farming that uses Growbots. Growbots and uses recycled water, the plants are
are greenhouses specially designed more protected and the food is safer.
for city rooftops. What are the benefits It’s unlikely that rooftop agriculture
of Growbots? Well, one benefit is that will replace conventional agriculture.
they fit into any type of space and are Growbots aren’t good for root crops,
lighter than traditional greenhouses. such as potatoes. However, they offer
The greenhouses are also hydroponic, an excellent alternative for growing
which means that the plants don’t grow large amounts of lettuce and tomatoes.
in soil but in nutrient-rich water. People This would free up farmlands for other
who use Growbots look after the plants crops. Using Growbots would also cut
by using cloud technology, which can down transportation costs and the
track and control conditions such as negative impact on the environment.
irrigation (or water levels), humidity Now these vegetables would be grown
and plant nutrition. and bought locally in urban areas.
Many people who live in cities Vertical farming and Growbots
are already urban farmers. They are the results of creative thinking.
grow vegetables in community These new methods try to manage our
or neighbourhood gardens. This food resources for future generations.
traditional type of farming takes time, It could be some time before we see
though. It produces fewer vegetables Growbots on rooftops in every city. But
and is very dependent on weather when we do, we’ll know where our food
conditions. In addition, studies have is coming from!

28

93952_024-033_U03.indd 28 8/3/16 9:51 AM

 2 Read. Tick T for True or F for False. Rewrite any false sentences as true.
T F
1. The Growbot farmer needs to check on the greenhouse every day. ✓

2. Technology plays a part in caring for the Growbot plants. ✓

3. Urban farming is not a new idea. ✓

4. Growbot vegetables aren’t affected by air pollution. ✓

5. One of the problems of using the Growbot system is getting soil to the rooftops. ✓

6. Growbots aren’t heavy and can be moved easily around a rooftop. ✓

7. Using the Growbot system would be more beneficial to the environment. ✓

8. We will be able to buy Growbot vegetables very soon. ✓

Plants are checked and cared for through cloud technology.

The greenhouses are hydroponic, which means they don’t need soil.

It could be some time before we see vegetables growing in Growbots on rooftops.

3
7 Compare and contrast Growbot urban farming with more traditional urban farming.
Growbot Urban Farming Traditional Urban Farming
greenhouses on rooftops lighter and greenhouses heavier and don’t use
to use ; plants easy to care for
easier space well ; plants need personal
through cloud technology; plants not care and watering. Plants need more
affected by air pollution so they are time; plants affected by soil and air
safe; plants not affected by weather; pollution; plants affected by weather;
not ideal for root vegetables, such urban gardens and plots are better
as potatoes. Transportation costs for root crops. Transportation costs
are low and more beneficial than are also low and more beneficial than
vegetables grown further away. vegetables grown further away.

4
7 Write. Using what you learnt about vertical farming and Growbots, write at least three
sentences that describe why new methods of urban farming are important. Possible answers
In the future, we will need more farmland to produce more food. Vertical farming and
Growbots need little space, so more farmland could be used for root and cereal crops.
These new methods also mean that vegetables can be grown all year round because they
aren’t affected by weather. The crops are healthier, because no chemicals or pesticides
are used.
29

93952_024-033_U03.indd 29 8/3/16 9:51 AM

 Gr ammar
Double comparatives: Describing outcomes

The more vertical farming we do, the more food we will be able to produce.

The more we think about our choices, the better our decisions will be about the food we eat.

The less packaging we use, the fewer problems we cause for the environment.

The fresher the vegetables, the healthier they are for you.

We use the . . . the with two comparatives to show that one thing depends on another. The first
part of the comparison expresses a condition and the second part expresses an outcome or
result.

The word order in each part of the comparison is: the + comparative expression + subject + verb.
However, the subject and verb are not necessary if they are clear from the context: Check the
expiry date on the milk you get! The fresher, the better. (The fresher it is, the better it is.)

1 Match the sentence parts. Write the letter on the line.

b 1. The more spices you use,
_____ a. the faster we can take action.

c 2. The more chemicals we use,

_____ b. the better the food will taste.

e 3. The more recipes I read,

_____ c. the greater the threat to the environment.

d 4. The fresher the ingredients,

_____ d. the healthier we will all be.

a 5. The sooner we have the details,

_____ e. the more I cook!

2 Listen. Then write a double comparative sentence with the . . . the. 013 Possible answers
1. Yes, the more organic food we eat, the better it is for us .
2. Yes, the more she travelled, the more types of food she tasted .

3. That’s right.The more vegetables farmers grow locally, the faster they get to the market.

4. I agree. The more local food we buy, the more creatively we will cook .

5. I know. The fewer chemicals indoor farmers use, the better it is for the environment .
6. It’s true. The more urban farms there are, the fresher the food will be in the cities .

30

93952_024-033_U03.indd 30 8/3/16 9:51 AM

 3 Read the email. Then give advice by completing the sentences.

Hi Mum and Dad,

Well, I’ve just finished my first week at summer camp. At first, it was a little scary
not knowing anybody, but I’ve made some friends, so I’m not feeling so lonely.

The food, however, is another story. I haven’t been eating very much because I
don’t like the food. It isn’t really my taste. I bought some fruit at the local shop
but it doesn’t seem very fresh! I want to eat well. I know it’s important, but some
of my friends here seem to buy a lot of snacks rather than fruit or vegetables.

Next week, we all need to cook a dish from our country or region. I’m going to
cook Mum’s famous curry recipe, with lots of vegetables and other spices. But
I’m a little nervous about making it. I’m not sure how long I need to cook it. Let
me know! Also, I’m not sure if I can get all the spices and ingredients here.

I’m not very organised at the moment and I’m finding it hard to study. The
teachers are nice, though. I’m learning a lot of English!

Anyway, I’ll call you over the weekend.

Bye for now,

Amaya

Possible answers

1. You know, the longer you are there, the more friends you’ll make .

2. The more food you try , the more you’ll like it.

3. Yes, the fresher the fruit , the healthier it is for you.

4. Don’t be nervous about cooking with curry. The longer you cook the curry ,
the better it will taste.

5. Remember, the more organised you are , the easier it will be to study.

31

93952_024-033_U03.indd 31 8/3/16 9:51 AM

 Writing
When you write a review, you describe and evaluate something. We usually review restaurants,
hotels, books, films and songs to inform others. In your review, you can combine facts
and opinions.
Remember to use the following phrases to show your attitude:
• actually • clearly
• honestly • in my opinion
• more / most importantly • obviously
• (un)fortunately

1 Organise.
1. Your task is to write a review of your favourite restaurant. You need to include both facts
and opinions about the food, the service and the surroundings.
Complete the table with facts and opinions about the different categories.

Facts Opinions

Food

Service

Surroundings

2. Plan your writing. Your first line should immediately convince your reader to read and
find out more about the restaurant. Write your opening statement here:

Write a paragraph about each of the three areas in your table. Support your descriptions
with facts and opinions.
Finally, you need a concluding paragraph. Remind your readers why they should visit
the restaurant.

2 Write.
1. Go to page 55 in your book. Re-read the model and writing prompt.
2. Write your first draft. Check for organisation, content, punctuation, capitalisation
and spelling.
3. Check your final draft. Share it with your teacher and classmates.

32

93952_024-033_U03.indd 32 8/3/16 9:51 AM

 Now I can ...
• talk about food sustainability. Possible answers o Yes, I can!
o I think I can.
Explain why it’s good to buy food locally. o I need more practice.
It’s good to buy locally because we try different types of food
that are in season.

Give two reasons why vertical farming is a good idea.

Vertical farming can save space and food can be grown all year round.

Do you think that one day we will all be eating the same food? Why? / Why not?
No. I think people’s tastes always will be different.

• use mixed conditionals to express how things would be different. o Yes, I can!
o I think I can.
If I had read (read) the review, o I need more practice.
I wouldn’t be eating at this restaurant right now .
If I had eaten (eat) healthier food, I wouldn’t be at home feeling ill .

• use double comparatives to describe outcomes. o Yes, I can!

o I think I can.
The more local vegetables we buy, the less transporting they need . o I need more practice.

The tastier the food, the more I want to eat it .

The less I eat, the hungrier I become .

o Yes, I can!
• write a review of my favourite restaurant.
o I think I can.
Write four or five sentences using the phrases from the box. o I need more practice.

honestly  more importantly  obviously  (un)fortunately

Possible answer: Casa di Mamma is a great Italian restaurant. The waiters are all
very friendly. They obviously love their jobs! More importantly, the food is tasty and
made with the freshest of ingredients. Unfortunately, Casa Di Mamma is open only at
weekends, so make sure you book a table well in advance.

you decide Choose an activity. Go to page 92.

33

93952_024-033_U03.indd 33 8/3/16 9:51 AM