Quiz 8610 by Majid Baloch

1. The most common general innate tendency of the child is_______

a. Experience
b. Imitation (Right Answer)
c. Motivation
d. Intelligence

2.Disposition is second step of each National Professional Standard for

Teachers (NPST). It means __________________.
a. Aptitude
b. Attitude (Right Answer)
c. Skill
d. None of the above

3. What is one way to help develop language at home

a. family meetings
b. family movies
c. family journals (Right Answer)
d. family dinner

4. Reflective practice is associated with ______________.

a. learning from experience (Right Answer)

b. Understanding observation process
c. Time consumption
d. method

5. The conditioned stimulus (CS) and UCS (unconditioned stimulus) are

used _________ when simultaneous conditioning paradigm is used:

a. Separately
b. Together (Right Answer)
 c. Step by step
d. If needed

6. What age range is most critical for language development

a.0-2
b.2-4
c.4-5
d.0-5 (Right Answer)

7. Differentiates humans from non-humans

a. Culture
b. Civilization
c. Language (Right Answer)
d. Communication

8. Referential language development id useful for

a. Babies
b. Children
c. Young learner (Right Answer)
d. Adults

9. Children first utter

a. Sounds (Right Answer)
b. Words
c. Phrases
d. Sentences

10. Styles of language development are

a. One
b. Two (Right Answer)
c. Three
d. Four
11. First transition proceeds in ____ years.
a. School (Right Answer)
b. High school
c. Higher secondary school
d. College

12. Second transition ends on…

a. School (Right Answer)
b. High school
c. Higher secondary school
d. College

13. Children make sounds to

a. Have food
b. Have shelter
c. Attract attention (Right Answer)
d. To have milk

14. Children babble amid center of the year

a. Fourth year
b. Third year
c. Second year
d. First year (Right Answer)

15. Is a basic unit of phonology?

a. Syntax
b. Morphemes
c. Pragmatics
d. Phoneme (Right Answer)

16. Branch of language which is concerned with the orderly organization

of sounds
a. Morphology
b. Phonology (Right Answer)
c. Pragmatics
d. Syntax
17. Morphology is a term
a. British
b. French
c. Greek (Right Answer)
d. Latin

18. Syntax is related to the structure of

a. Alphabet
b. Word
c. Phrase
d. Sentence (Right Answer)

19. Muscles development rate is much slower at

a. young age
b. adolescence
c. infancy (Right Answer)
d. none of all

20. Children at first express only

a. word (Right Answer)
b. cooing
c. sound
d. phrase

21. According to Kohlberg’s theory of moral development:

a. most fail to go beyond the conventional level (Right Answer)
b. moral development precedes logical development
c. structure and content are synonymous
d. society’s rules are superior to personal ethic

22. The nativist perspective is

a. learn knowledge (Right Answer)
b. collaborative learning
 c. expressive language
d. receptive language

23. The study of child development focuses on the:

a. changes that occur in larger groups of children
b. growth, change, and stability (Right Answer)
c. biological changes
d. changes from adolescence to adulthood

24. The three major domains of child development include:

a. prenatal, cognitive and physical
b. early childhood, adolescence and cognitive
c. cognitive, socio-emotional and physical (Right Answer)
d. personality, physical and prenatal

24. Besides domains, child development is organized around certain

stages. These stages are based on:
a. biological events
b. subjective changes
c. maturation
d. universal age periods (Right Answer)

25. A course which covers infant and toddler development will focus on
which of the following age range:
a. 12 to 20 years
b. 06 to 12 years
c. 03 to 06 years
d. birth to 02 years (Right Answer)

26. Ayesha, a third-grade teacher, finds it interesting to observe how

children's attention span and problem-solving abilities increase over the
course of the school year. She is observing
a. physical development
b. social development
c. cognitive development (Right Answer)
d. personality development

27. The degree to which a developing behavior or physical structure is

modifiable is
referred to as:
a. integral
b. definitive
c. critical
d. plasticity (Right Answer)

28. Many older people become wiser with age. Even then, they perform
poorly on speed tests. This implies that development is:
a. multidimensional (Right Answer)
b. multidirectional
c. lifelong
d. plastic

29. Differences in families, culture and historical time period in which

we are brought up affect our development. This is because development
is:
a. multidimensional
b. multidirectional
c. context dependent (Right Answer)
d. plastic

30. Development characterizes different domains including cognitive,

physical, and socio-emotional. This implies that development is:
a. multidimensional (Right Answer)
b. multidirectional
c. context dependent
d. plastic

31. The principle that development involves both gains and losses also
implies that development is:
a. multidimensional
b. multidirectional (Right Answer)
c. lifelong
d. plastic

32. Umar believes that development is a gradual process, or the result of

__________change, whereas Ali believes that development is a stage-
like process, or the result of __________change.
a. quantitative, qualitative
b. continuous, discontinuous (Right Answer)
c. qualitative, quantities
d. discontinuous, continuous

33. Researchers who support the view that children's intelligence is

influenced by the genes that they inherit from their parents believe that
development is the result of:
a. nature (Right Answer)
b. nurture
c. continuous change
d. discontinuous changes

34. As we evaluate the controversies in the field of child development,

we should:
a. assume that the majority is likely to be right
b. applies universal principles regardless of the context
c. only listens to the parental advice
d. understands the difference between scientific and subjective data
(Right Answer)

35. Which one of the following is the smallest unit?

a. chromosomes
b. DNA
c. genes (Right Answer)
d. cells
36. Both of Ali's parents have black hair. His hair is brown. How would
you
rationalize this difference?
a. mitosis
b. dominant-recessive genes (Right Answer)
c. environmental factors
d. alleles

37. Contemporary researchers believe that the developmental behaviors

are
determined by:
a. biological factors
b. environmental factors
c. biological factors at birth and environmental factors throughout the
life-span
d. a continuous interplay of biological and environmental factors (Right
Answer)

38. Which of the following is NOT a stage in prenatal development?

a. zygote
b. embryo
c. fetus
d. teratogen (Right Answer)

39. How would you best describe a teratogen?

a. a life-support system to protect the fetus
b. an abnormal defect caused by the use of drugs
c. an environmental agent that caus (Right Answer)

40. An infant's ability to hold up his head before he could walk

represents which of
the following growth patterns?
a. inside to outside
b. general to specific
c. large to small
d. top to bottom (Right Answer)

41. A dynamic system of motor skills indicates:

a. an interplay of nature, nurture and motivational factors (Right
Answer)
b. an interaction of genes and environment
c. primarily genetic factors
d. primarily environmental factor

42. The ability to adapt and learn from one's experiences is referred to
as:
a. wisdom
b. intelligence (Right Answer)
c. creativity
d. adaptability

43. Ali's mental age is 12, whereas his chronological age is 10. What
would be his intelligence quotient IQ?
a. 100
b. 110 (Right Answer)
c. 120
d. 130

44. Both Sternberg and Gardner argue that:

a. intelligence is a general ability
b. there are three types of intelligence
c. intelligence is exhibited by several specific abilities (Right Answer)
d. intelligence is composed of a single capacity

45. According to Piaget, when do children start to exhibit object

permanence?
a. sensorimotor stage (Right Answer)
b. preoperational stage
c. concrete operational stage
d. formal operational stage
46. What distinguishes the concrete operational from the formal
operational?
a. The adolescents’ ability to differentiate b/w the real and possible
(Right Answer)
b. The adolescents’ ability to represent something
c. The adolescents’ ability to reverse his/her thinking
d. The adolescents’ ability to conserve something

47. A teacher asks a class of fifth-graders to imagine how they would

walk home if their usual route were blocked and they had to take another
route. Students are asked to draw a map depicting how they would arrive
home. This activity demonstrates students’ ability to:
a. seriate
b. reverse their thinking (Right Answer)
c. classify events
d. test hypothesis

48. Which of the following is the best example of scaffolding?

a. giving a detailed lecture
b. asking students to write a research paper
c. providing students with a variety of equipment’s to learn
d. reminding students of important steps during problem solving (Right
Answer)

49. Differentiates humans from non-humans

a. Culture
b. Civilization
c. Language (Right Answer)
d. Communication

50. Referential language development id useful for

a. Babies
b. Children
c. Young learner (Right Answer)
d. Adults
51. Children first utter
a. Sounds (Right Answer)
b. Words
c. Phrases
d. Sentences

52. Styles of language development are

a. One
b. Two (Right Answer)
c. Three
d. Four

53. First transition proceeds in ____ years.

a. School (Right Answer)
b. High school
c. Higher secondary school
d. College

54. Second transition ends on…

a. School (Right Answer)
b. High school
c. Higher secondary school
d. College

55. Children make sounds to

a. Have food
b. Have shelter
c. Attract attention (Right Answer)
d. To have milk

56. Children babble amid center of the year

a. Fourth year
b. Third year
c. Second year
d. First year (Right Answer)
57. Is a basic unit of phonology?
a. Syntax
b. Morphemes
c. Pragmatics
d. Phoneme (Right Answer)

58. Branch of language which is concerned with the orderly organization

of sounds
a. Morphology
b. Phonology (Right Answer)
c. Pragmatics
d. Syntax

59. Morphology is a term

a. British
b. French
c. Greek (Right Answer)
d. Latin

60. Syntax is related to the structure of

a. Alphabet
b. Word
c. Phrase
d. Sentence (Right Answer)

61. Which factor is helpful in identifying slow learner?

a. Test score
b. Behaviour observation
c. Medical Reports
d. All of the Above (Right Answer)

62. Incremental view of intelligence is a big controversy of emotional

and developmental psychology which means
 a. Development needs supportive circumstances (Right Answer)
b. needs intelligence
c. Development needs healthy food
d. Development needs good relations

63. Sheeza is 10 years old and is learning to master skills and work
cooperatively with her peers in school. If she successfully masters her
current stage of development, then she will experience a sense of
competence. If she fails to master her current stage of development, then
she will likely feel inadequate. Sheeza is in which of Erikson's
psychosocial stages of development?

a. Initiative vs. guilt

b. Autonomy vs. shame and doubt
c. Industry vs. inferiority (Right Answer)
d. Trust vs. Mistrust

64. Babies frequently show their first conception of words

a. 8 to 12 months (Right Answer)
b. infancy
c. toddlerhood
d. at two years.

65. Knowledge and application of multiple teaching methods to improve

instruction in the classroom is an example of -------------------.
a. Technological Skills
b. Professional Skills (Right Answer)
c. Pedagogical Skills
d. Teaching Skills

66. Games at elementary level help the students to develop

a. change in body size
b. skeleton growth
c. muscle-fat makeup
 d. fine motor skills (Right Answer)

67. Individual Differences of students means:

a. All students are same
b. All students are equal
c. All students have different characteristics that distinguish them from
each other (Right Answer)
d. All students should treat equally

68. According to Kohlberg, “moral judgments are based on

understanding the social order, law, justice and duty” is called:

a. Individual and purpose

b. Interpersonal norms
c. Punishment and obedience
d. Social system morality (Right Answer)

69. Maturity belongs to:

a. Growth
b. Development (Right Answer)
c. Adjustment
d. Age

70.Type of intelligence involves figured content of mechanics, operators

of machines and architects is called:
a. Abstract intelligence
b. Social intelligence
c. Emotional intelligence
d. Special intelligence (Right Answer)

71. Cognitive development is much influenced by heredity” means

development is the result of:

a. Continue Change
b. Discontinue Change
 c. Nature (Right Answer)
d. Nurture

72. The vocabulary knowledge of a 4 to 5

a.100 words
b.1500 words
c.500 words (Right Answer)
d.50 words

73. Which stage of cognitive development coincides with autonomous

morality?

a. Concrete operational (Right Answer)

b. Formal operational
c. Pre-operational
d. Sensory-motor

74. The analytical component deals with __________ to solve problems

by analysing ideas and thinking critically

a. Analysis of data
b. Data ability
c. Analysis of person
d. Person’s ability (Right Answer)

75. Adult egocentrism is a term used for

a. Self-emotions (Right Answer)

b. Self esteem
c. Self-actualization
d. Self-uniqueness

76. Primary and Non-Formal Education (PNE) was a three tiers In-
Service training programme that include:
a. Master Trainers, Supervisors and Students
 b. Supervisors, Teachers and Students
c. Master Trainers, Supervisors and Teachers (Right Answer)
d. None of the above

77. Teacher Education in Malaysia consists of following modalities

1950-60 except _________.

a. Weekend teachers training course

b. Simplified Normal training course
c. Vocational Teacher Training Course
d. Complex Normal training course (Right Answer)

78. Why did Lawrence Kohlberg present children with the Heinz
dilemma?

a. To assess the children's physical development

b. To assess the children's moral development (Right Answer)
c. To assess the children's social development
d. To assess the children's pathological development

79. Tribrachic theory consists of three components EXCEPT:

a. Theoretical (Right Answer)

b. Analytical
c. Creative
d. Practical

80. According to Erik Erikson, at what stage of development does a

child need to experience discipline in order to learn a responsible way of
living?

a. Grade school years (age 6 to 12 years)

b. Infancy (0 to 1 year)
c. Toddler (age 1 to 2 years) (Right Answer)
d. Early childhood (age 2 to 6 years)
81. Which sub-stages are in Kohlberg's conventional reasoning?

a. Individualism and social systems

b. Heteronomous morality and individualism
c. Mutual interpersonal expectations and social systems morality
(Right Answer)
d. Social contract and social systems

82. Type of intelligence involves figured content of mechanics, operators

of machines and architects is called

a. Abstract intelligence
b. Social intelligence
c. Emotional intelligence
d. Special intelligence (Right Answer)

83. What do children struggle to do in the concrete operational stage?

a. Complete conservation tasks

b. Understand the feelings of others
c. Understand abstract ideas (Right Answer)
d. Symbolic thought

84. Human development starts from:

a. Stage of Infancy
b. toddlerhood
c. Pre childhood
d. Pre-natal (Right Answer)

85. Which thing bring permanent change in the behavior?

a. Education
 b. Learning
c. Both A & B (Right Answer)
d. Motivation

86. A test yields roughly the same scores over repeated measure shows
its

a. Consistency (Right Answer)

b. Validity
c. Correlation
d. Accuracy

87. Communication is active and dynamic because of the

a. sender
b. feedback system (Right Answer)
c. receiver
d. Interprets

88. It is said that development is never-ended process, which of the

following principal defines it?

a. Interaction
b. Interrelation
c. Continuity (Right Answer)
d. Integration

89. If u concerned about your child's speech or language development

you should see

a. a social worker
b. A speech language pathologist (Right Answer)
c. A special language teacher
d. A literacy
90. A systematic change in mental processes that underlie all learning
and performance is known as …………….?

a. Moral development
b. Intellectual development
c. Social emotional development
d. Cognitive development (Right Answer)

91. Intelligence Quotient formula can be derived as:

a. MA/ CA * 100 (Right Answer)

b. CA/MA * 100
c. MA/100 * CA
d. CA/100 * 100

92. What is the third stage of Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral

development?

a. Individuals are only concerned with actions that will directly

benefit them
b. Individuals reject any societal views of their behavior
c. Individuals begin to see their perspective as distinct from that of
society's, and may or may not agree with cultural norms and ethics
(Right Answer)
d. Individuals are receptive to societal approval or disapproval of their
behavior

93. From an ecological standpoint, in order to provide adequate services

for children with emotional/behavioral disorders, which of the following
must be considered

a. Limited outpatient services and long-term residential treatment

b. Elimination of overlapping services and one agency responsible for
all treatment of a particular case
 c. Interagency coordination and a continuum of community-based
services (Right Answer)
d. Short-term hospitalization and residential treatment

94. Which of the following is not a rule of language

a. morphology
b. syntax
c. lexicalization (Right Answer)
d. phonology

95. Basic condition of learning is:

a. Experience
b. Motivation (Right Answer)
c. Observation
d. Practice

96. The best way to cope with family changes is…….

a. Talk to a trusted adult (Right Answer)
b. Pretend it isn’t happening
c. Wait until someone asks about it
d. Keep it a secret

97. Among pre school’s children, classroom may have more space
because children

a. need to move (Right Answer)

b. logical thinking
c. improve body coordination
d. improve hand eye coordination

98. adolescence, behavior and attitude are affected mostly by:

a. Peers (Right Answer)
b. Parents
c. Teacher
d. Films
99. Which feeling is most closely related to the development of multiple
personality disorder?

a. Guilt
b. Shame (Right Answer)
c. Fear
d. Anger
100. Self-knowledge is the same as:
a) Emotional development
b) Consciousness (Right Answer)
c) Emotional awareness
d) Meta-perception
101. The two broad types of emotions humans develop are:
a) Primary and secondary
b) Initial and latent
c) Primary and self-conscious (Right Answer)
d) Unconscious and subconscious
102. The major framework for emotional development is established:
a) Within the first 6 months
b) Within the first 12 months
c) By 3 years’ old (Right Answer)
d) By 7 years’ old
103. Primary emotions appear:
a) Soon after birth
b) Within the first 6 months
c) Within the first 12 months
d) By 3 years old
104. According to Fraiberg, sighted and blind infants do not differ in this
behavior in the first three months of life.
a) Staring
b) Grasping
c) Winking
d) Smiling (Right Answer)
105. When placed in front of a mirror with a red dot on their nose, what
will all normally developing children at 24 months of age do?
a) Touch the mirror
b) Close their eyes
c) Touch their noses (Right Answer)
d) Begin to cry
106. Early appearances of disgust later reflect:
a) Learned taste and smell aversion (Right Answer)
b) Physical discontentment
c) Displeasure with a vocal stimulus
d) Strong hand-mouth coordination

107. Which of these emotions is not associated with the emergence of

consciousness?
a) Empathy
b) Disappointment (Right Answer)
c) Embarrassment
d) Jealousy

108. Self-conscious evaluative emotions do not require which of the

following cognitive skills?
a) An absorbed set of standards, rules and goals
b) A sense of self
c) The ability to evaluate the self with regards to those standards, rules,
goals
d) An awareness of your social network (Right Answer)

109.Which of these socialization failures is not a factor involved in

producing inaccurate or unique self-evaluations?
a) Depression (Right Answer)
b) Narcissistic disorders
c) Harsh socialization experience
d) High levels of reward for success, or punishment for fails
110. A child does not finish a puzzle in the time they were asked to do.
The child responds with "I am bad." This demonstrates:
a) A poor self-image
b) A global attribution (Right Answer)
c) Internal focus
d) A specific attribution

111. Beck (1979) found that depressed people are more likely to:
a) Make stable, positive, specific attributions
b) Blame specific others for their depression
c) Make stable, negative, global attributions (Right Answer)
d) Make stable, negative, specific attributions

112. Which is not a consequence of shame?

a) Regret (Right Answer)
b) Disruption of ongoing behavior
c) An inability to speak
d) Confusion of thought

113. Guilt arises from:

a) A negative attribution of success
b) A global attribution of success
c) A global attribution of failure
d) A specific attribution of failure (Right Answer)

114. One significant way to distinguish shame from guilt is:

a) To note the postural differences between the two (Right Answer)
b) To analyze the child's verbal responses
c) To look for evidence of nervous touching
d) To have the child fill out a post-task questionnaire
115. Hubris is:
a) An underestimation of one's social potential
b) A global attribution of one's guilt
c) Exaggerated pride or self-confidence (Right Answer)
d) A specific attribution of the self

116. Which is a specific emotion related to a successful behavior?

a) Embarrassment
b) Joy
c) Hubris
d) Pride (Right Answer)

117. Failures associated with less important and less central standards,
rules and goals, result in:
a) Embarrassment (Right Answer)
b) Shame
c) Guilt
d) Hubris

118. Self-conscious evaluative emotions do not require which of the

following cognitive skills?
a) An absorbed set of standards, rules and goals
b) A sense of self
c) The ability to evaluate the self with regards to those standards, rules,
goals
d) An awareness of your social network v

119. When evaluating academic performance:

a) Boys are more likely to take responsibility for their success
b) Girls are less likely to take responsibility for their success
c) Boys are more likely to blame others for their failure
d) All of the above (Right Answer)
120. According to Shaffer how many components of moral
development:

a. 2
b. 3 (Right Answer)

c. 5

d. 6

121. What type of motivation is not applicable to young children?

a. Intrinsic motivation (Right Answer)

b. Extrinsic motivation
c. Achievement motivation
d. None of the above

122. Which one is NOT example of character of physical development

a. need to move
b. logical thinking (Right Answer)
c. improved body coordination
d. improved hand eye coordination

123. Zone of proximal development is a zone in which the students

________

a. Develop with respect to age

b. Develop with respect to experience
c. Development of cognitive abilities (Right Answer)
d. Development of motor skills

124. What happens if a person does not successfully resolve a crisis

within a stage?
a. They regress
b. They move to the next stage without any complication
c. They move to the next stage with issues left from the previous stage
(Right Answer)
d. They do not move to the next stage

125. The three major domains of child development include:

a. Prenatal, cognitive and physical

b. Early childhood, adolescence and cognitive
c. Cognitive, socio-emotional and physical (Right Answer)
d. Personality, physical and prenatal

126. Trial & Error learning is also known as

a. Conditioning
b. Connectionism (Right Answer)
c. Insight
d. None of the above

127. In childhood, over protectiveness of the parents, results in:

a. Honesty
b. Competitive attitude
c. Confidence
d. Lack of confidence (Right Answer)

128. A child is average on creativity, poor in academic achievement,

high in social development. This is an example of:

a. Individual differences
b. Intra individual differences (Right Answer)
c. Inter individual differences
d. Measurable differences
129. The study of meaning how is meaning created in language

a. Semantics (Right Answer)

b. phoneme
c. syntax
d. morphology

130. ___________________ is the study of the thought processes or

activities of human mind which lead to the acquisition of new
knowledge and skills.

a. Intelligence
b. Cognition (Right Answer)
c. cognitive development
d. cognitive approach

131. Zone of proximal development is a zone in which the students

________

a. Develop with respect to age

b. Develop with respect to experience
c. Development of cognitive abilities (Right Answer)
d. Development of motor skills

132. In Piaget’s theory a process which is the balancing act between the
old and new i.e. between perception and experience known as:

a. Assimilation
b. Accommodation
c. Adaptation
d. Equilibration (Right Answer)

133. Decent ration and conservation are the characteristics of which

stage of Piaget’s cognitive development
 a. Sensorimotor stage
b. Pre-operational stage
c. Formal operation stage
d. Concrete operational stage (Right Answer)

134. Which one of the good example of scaffolding (learning of a

problem solving task till the student is able to do by itself)

a. Offering a reward for solving the problem quickly

b. Telling them that they can do it by trying again and again
c. Providing a half-solved example (Right Answer)
d. Telling them they cannot go home till they solve the problem

135. When does language production begin to develop?

a. at age 3 years
b. 2 years
c. at 24 months (Right Answer)
d. after comprehension

136. What is the age group of early childhood?

a. 0 to 2
b. 2 to 4
c. 2 to 6 (Right Answer)
d. 4 to 7

137. Which basic emotions do develop during infancy?

a. Fear, anger, affection (Right Answer)

b. Fear, apathy, joy
c. Anger, fear, jealousy
d. Fear, anger, irritation

138. The physical development is controlled/influenced by

 a. environment
b. genes
c. both a &b (Right Answer)
d. none of a & b

139. Drawing pictures of natural scene is an example of physical

development of

a. change in body size

b. skeleton growth
c. muscle-fat makeup
d. gross and fine motor skills (Right Answer)

140. What is the relationship between infant reactivity and later shyness?
a. High reactivity leads to high shyness
b. Low reactivity leads to low shyness
c. Low leads to low shyness
d. High reactive leads to high shyness (Right Answer)

141. which factor encourages student to become active participant of

learning?

a. Reinforcement
b. Motivation (Right Answer)
c. Reward
d. All of the above

142. How many paradigms have been used in conditioning studies.

a.3
b. 5 (Right Answer)
C. 4
d. 6
143. Which of the following factor will not cause slow learning?

a. Poor social status

b. Poor educational environment
c. Occupation of family (Right Answer)
d. Poor emotional climate

144. Piaget's Theory of cognitive development consists of stages.

a. 3
b. 4 (Right Answer)
c. 5
d. 6

145. Which is a characteristic for a receptive language for 4-5 years’ old

a. Most sounds are pronounced correctly

b. Understand special concepts (Right Answer)
c. Can describe patrons
d. Can construct long sentences

146. Which of the following points reflect a 5-7-year old's concept of

morality according to Piaget?

a. Rules and justice can be changed by people in power

b. Rules and justice are unchangeable and beyond our control (Right
Answer)
c. Justice is determined by parents and only parents
d. Rules are created by people and are not absolute

147. Physical dissimilarity among individuals is because of

a. Environment
b. Heredity
c. Diet
d. All of the Above (Right Answer)

148. The body undergoes more developmental change during

a. early adolescence (Right Answer)
b. late adolescence
c. birth to two years
d. young age

149. Law of Exercise emphasizes the value of:

a. repetition,
b. Drill
c. practice
d. All of above (Right Answer)

150. The development concerned with thinking, problem solving &

decision making

a. Moral
b. Mental (Right Answer)
c. Social
d. Emotional

151. If children are exposed to frequent rejection, punishment, teasing

and over solicitude by parents, usually it leads to

a. Inferiority feelings (Right Answer)

b. Mental retardation
C. Suicide
d. Brain disorder

152. The environmental conditions that influence development is called:

a. Nature
b. Nurture
c. Ethological
d. Ecological (Right Answer)

153. Emotional development refers to ;

a. Understand the emotions of others

b. The ability to control and manage ones own emotions and as well as
others
c. understand ones own emotions (Right Answer)
d. The ability to control and manage emotions and of others

154. The child we call slow learner is one who

a. Is mentally retarted
b. Needs for special help (Right Answer)
C. Needs for financial help
d. Is required sympathy

155. Means of learning is:

a. To pass the examination
b. To write essay
c. To modify your behaviour (Right Answer)
d. To memorize the lesson

156. The Piaget's stages of cognitive development are treated as fixed

and represent ..............a general sequence which is observable in all
types of cognitive change

a. Uniform
b. Universal (Right Answer)
c. Adaptive
d. Assimilated
157. Let's suppose you told a 4 years old boy about a little fluffy puppy
as dog, but after a week he saw a black horrible dog but can't percept it
this condition is called

a. Misperception
b. Dis-conception
c. Disequilibrium
d. Dis-assimilation (Right Answer)

158. Which refers to the physical change only?

a. Growth (Right Answer)

b. Development
c. Cognition
d. Maturation

159. According to Piaget, children under what age have no

understanding of morality?

a. Children under 10
b. Children under 9
c. Children under 6 (Right Answer)
d. Children under 5

160. The process which continues throughout one's life is............

a. Growth
b. Development (Right Answer)
c. Cognition
d. Maturation

161. "Attachment is a Psychological bond between humans. It lasts for a

long period of time": was the theory of

a. John Bowlby (1907-1990) (Right Answer)

b. Mary Ainsworth (1913-1999)
C. Erik Erikson (1902-1994)
d. Lev Semyonovich Vygotsky (1896- 1934)

162. What is the term that Erikson coined?

a. Oedipus complex
b. Positive reinforcement
c. Negative reinforcement
d. Identity crises (Right Answer)

163. Unconscious and subconscious, the major framework for emotional

development, is established:

a. Within the first 6 months

b. Within the first 12 months
c. By 3 years old (Right Answer)
d. By 7 years old

164. Growth of a child is mainly related to:

a. Moral
b. Social
C. Emotional
d. Physical (Right Answer)

165. How is the concept of 'scaffolding' applied to learning and

instruction?

a. It uses a metaphor derived from building.

b. Appropriate interventions from adults and more expert peers can
guide the learner to achieve a higher level of understanding (Right
Answer)
c. Young children enjoy playing with bricks and this kind of activity can
help them to reach a higher level of understanding
d. Scaffolding is a metaphor for structured learning

166. The zone of proximal development (ZPD) is:

a. The distance between the child's actual developmental level and

his/her potential level of development (Right Answer)
b. The child's intelligence quotient (IQ)
c. The child's capacity to solve problems
d. The child's physical nearness to another child in the same
environment

167. Law of effect in learning was given by:

a. Pavlov
b. Thomdike (Right Answer)
C. Skinner
d. Gestalt

168. Children in pre-operational stage have difficulty in taking the

perspective of another person; this is known as

a. Reversibility
b. Egocentrism (Right Answer)
C. Animism
d. Constructivism

169. Who criticize Kohlberg theory of moral development?

a. Corel Gilligan (Right Answer)

b. Eric Ericson
c. Jean Piaget
d. John Dewey
170. Unhealthy relationships........

a. Are only with people you don't like

b. Will take care of themselves, give
c. enough time Should be resolved as quickly as possible
d. None of these (Right Answer)

171. Prefers learning alone or with several peers is an example of

a. Physical differences
b. Motivational States
c. Sociological differences (Right Answer)
d. Environmental differences

172.Hasan and Hynds studied how cultural values and practices

shaped teacher motivation in which country?

A. Kenya

B. Ethiopia

C. Indonesia

D. Maldives (Right Answer)

173. In Maldives, teacher motivation links to all the following

factors EXCEPT:

A. social factors

B. personal factors

C. economic factors

D. political factors (Right Answer)

174. Hasan and Hynds found a strong correlation between teacher
motivation and cultural forces. Which of the following IS TRUE?

A. teachers remain on the island rather than looking for work in

other regions out of respect for aging caregivers (Right Answer)

B. teacher parent relationships and a sense of community in the

school do not mirror family connections

C. teachers put little effort into helping their students achieve

success

D. teachers have an independent model of the self and do not rely

on family members to fulfill their duties at home

175. Motivation is:

A. our ability to understand and perceive emotions

B. an internal state that guides our behavior to attain the goal

(Right Answer)

C. our ability to understand cultural norms and values

D. our ability to adapt to our environment

176. Melissa is a good role model for her team mates. She wants
to make sure her team does well and wins the conference
championship. Her desire to attain this goal is described as:

A. intrinsic motivation

B. extrinsic motivation (Right Answer)

C. a drive

D. a need
177. Kevin really enjoys riding motorcycles. It gives him great
personal satisfaction. His desire to ride motorcycles connects to
which of the following?

A. extrinsic motivation

B. a drive

C. intrinsic motivation (Right Answer)

D. a need

178. Human beings seek out a sense of belonging as well

satisfying feelings of hunger and thirst. These are examples of
a(n):

A. motivation

B. drive

C. need (Right Answer)

D. extrinsic motivation

179. Ali takes morning classes even though she never has time for
breakfast. Her stomach grumbles and feels empty to the point
where she feels the need to eat. This is an example of a(n):

A. motivation

B. drive (Right Answer)

C. need

D. extrinsic motivation
180. Marissa is putting a great deal of energy into her schoolwork.
She wants to make the Dean’s List at her university. The factor
motivating her to be a good student is a(n):

A. incentive (Right Answer)

B. motivation

C. drive

D. need

181. Which of the following IS NOT a model of motivation?

A. self-actualization

B. cognitive

C. expectancy value

D. psychoanalytical (Right Answer)

182. Maslow believed people strive to lead a fulfilling life.

According to his hierarchy of needs, which of the following IS
TRUE?

A. safety and security needs should be met before basic needs

B. belonging and affiliation needs should be met after self-esteem

needs

C. aesthetic needs are a higher need then self-actualization

D. transcendence is the ultimate achievement (Right Answer)

183. The goal of self-actualization is to:

A. find self-fulfilment (Right Answer)

 B. reach our maximum cognitive potential

C. understand cultural values and practices

D. achieve ego mastery

184. Which of the following IS TRUE about Maslow’s hierarchy

of needs?

A. the model connects to an interdependent model of the self

B. the model connects to an independent model of the self (Right

Answer)

C. it is relevant to all individuals

D. it parallels Hofstede’s dimensions for cultural comparison

185. Which individual believed that humans learn abilities and

skills through experience and either produce or suppress those
behaviors based upon the consequences of those behaviors?

A. Maslow

B. Hofstede

C. Skinner (Right Answer)

D. Eccles

186. You receive verbal praise from your caregivers when you
behave appropriately. This positive reinforcement connects to
motivation as a(n):

A. incentive (Right Answer)

B. extrinsic motivation

C. drive
 D. need

187. Which of the following IS TRUE about Skinner’s

reinforcement theory?

A. it emphasizes internal needs

B. it emphasizes internal drives

C. it concentrates on extrinsic motivation (Right Answer)

D. it emphasizes intrinsic motivation

188. The three goals of goal theory and achievement motivation

include all of the following EXCEPT:

A. mastery goals

B. performance goals

C. social goals

D. intrinsic goals (Right Answer)

189. Santino is the best player on his soccer team. He knows that
he has better skills than the other players on his team. According to
goal theory and achievement motivation models, Santino is
focusing on which goal?

A. mastery goals

B. performance goals (Right Answer)

C. social goals

D. intrinsic goals

190. Oliver is a retired engineer. He is returning to school to learn

a new language. His desire to learn a new language connects to
 which of the following goals and an achievement model of
motivation?

A. mastery goals (Right Answer)

B. performance goals

C. social goals

D. intrinsic goals

191. Which of the following goals associated with achievement

models connects with intrinsic motivation?

A. mastery goals (Right Answer)

B. performance goals

C. social goals

D. intrinsic goals

192. Cultural norms and worldviews influence whether people

pursue mastery or performance goals. Which of the following
illustrates this point?

A. Michael wants to do better at math so he takes an easier course

so that he will not have difficulty.

B. Michele wants to learn a new language.

C. Stefano does well at school in order to earn a scholarship

D. Jess does well at school to bring honor and integrity to her

family (Right Answer)
193. In their motivation model, Eccles and colleagues connect the
achievement related choices students make to two sets of
perceptual beliefs. The ability self-concept is:

A. the worth a person attaches to available strategies to achieve a

goal

B. a sense of belonging

C. learning for one’s own personal interest

D. a person’s expectations for success and ability to perform a task

(Right Answer)

194. Marissa really enjoys doing Sudoku number puzzles. In the

expectancy value model of motivation this would be a(n):

A. ability self-concept

B. subjective task value (Right Answer)

C. sense of belonging

D. mastery goal

195. Which of the following individuals introduced attribution

theory into the literature?

A. Skinner

B. Weiner (Right Answer)

C. Maslow

D. Pandora

196. Cognitive models of motivation explain:

A. people’s extrinsic motivations

 B. people’s intrinsic motivations

C. the value people place on performing particular tasks

D. the reasons and/or causes of people successes and failures

(Right Answer)

197. Cultural norms and expectations shape the attributions people

make about their behavior. Which of the following illustrates this
point?

A. many European-American parents believe their children are

academically successful because they work hard

B. many Asian parents believe their children are academically

successful because of their natural talents

C. many European-American parents believe their children are

academically successful because they want to bring honor to their
family

D. many Asian parents believe their children are academically

successful because the child perseveres and works hard (Right
Answer)

198. Cultural models of the self shape the attributions people

make about their behavior. Which of the following statements
illustrates this point?

A. in the cultural model of an independent self, the individual

strives to increase self-esteem and create a positive image (Right
Answer)

B. in the cultural model of an interdependent self, the individual

strives to increase self-esteem and create a positive image
 C. when the independent self does well at a task, the self
experiences humility

D. when the interdependent self does well at a task, the self

experiences humility

199. Which of the following individuals believe that we learn

behavior from observing others in our social worlds?

A. Skinner

B. Maslow

C. Eccles

D. Bandura (Right Answer)

200. Self-efficacy relates to:

A. our ability to seek out activities our own enjoyment

B. our confidence in our own abilities to solve problems (Right

Answer)

C. our desire to seek self-improvement

D. our relationships and social interactions

201. An employer gives her employees individual bonuses for

their work performance. This is an example of a(n):

A. drive

B. need

C. extrinsic incentive (Right Answer)

D. intrinsic incentive
202. Many early childhood educators reward their students with
stickers when the child behaves appropriately. This is an example
of a(n):

A. drive

B. need

C. extrinsic incentive (Right Answer)

D. intrinsic incentive

203. Which of the following IS TRUE about incentives?

A. the use and effectiveness of incentives varies across cultures

(Right Answer)

B. extrinsic motivation is often better than intrinsic motivation

C. for many Japanese workers a monetary bonus is more effective

as an incentive than respect

D. for many Latin American workers a monetary bonuses more

effective as an incentive than time off to be with family

204. In a classroom setting, a mainstream American approach to

motivating students might include:

A. praising a child in front of his or her classmates (Right Answer)

B. criticizing a child in front of his or her classmates

C. pointing out the child’s failure in front of his or her classmates

D. critiquing a child’s work in front of his or her classmates

205. One goal of the Bridging Cultures Project was meant to

improve teachers’ classroom behaviors and practices. Participating
 teachers worked primarily in the school system that served
primarily children from which cultural heritages?

A. Asian, Asian-American

B. African-American

C. Latino, Mexican-American (Right Answer)

D. Native American

206. The Bridging Cultures Project highlights the importance of:

A. connecting children’s lived realities at home with those at

school (Right Answer)

B. providing children with extrinsic motivators and incentives

C. providing children with intrinsic motivators and incentives

D. reducing the role of teachers in children’s academic success

207. There is support for the position that cultural practices at

home intersect with socioeconomic factors. Fernald and colleagues
found that:

A. European-American higher income caregivers rarely engage

their children in conversation

B. Latino higher income parents rarely engage their children in

conversation

C. European-American and Latino higher income caregivers

engage their children in more conversation then lower income
caregivers do (Right Answer)
 D. lower income European-American and Latino caregivers
engage their children in more conversation then higher income
caregivers in both groups do

208. There is evidence to support that Asian children outperform

students from other countries. Which statement illustrates the
connection between cultural values and practices and Asian
children’s success at school?

A. children want to do well and not disappoint their parents who

have sacrificed for their children’s academic success (Right
Answer)

B. teacher practices in the classroom focus upon conceptual

knowledge

C. teachers encourage small cooperative group learning

D. children want to do well to increase their own self-esteem

209. Stereotypes are:

A. culture specific prescriptions for how each gender should

behave

B. attributes that we assign to our success and failure

C. important to learning theory models of motivation

D. widely held beliefs, characteristics and traits that people

attribute to a whole group (Right Answer)

210. The belief that all Asian students are higher achievers is an
example of a(n):

A. gender role

B. attribution
 C. stereotype (Right Answer)

D. stereotypical threat

211. Stereotypical threat happens when:

A. an individual self-esteem is increased after an accomplishment

B. an individual worries over being judged according to a negative

stereotype (Right Answer)

C. we failed to meet cultural expectations for behavior

D. we do not meet our parents expectations for academic success

212. Aronson and colleagues asked two groups of European-

American college students who excelled in math to complete a
math test. Participants believe the test would measure their math
abilities. One participant group was a control group. The other
group was told the math test would help them understand why
Asian students seem to do well on this test. What did the
researchers find?

A. students in both groups performed well

B. the group that received the stereotypical threat underperformed

the control group (Right Answer)

C. the control group underperformed the stereotypical threat group

D. students in both groups performed poorly

213. Which students are susceptible to stereotypical threat?

A. underachieving students

B. good students
 C. students from minority groups

D. all students (Right Answer)

214. Industrial-organizational psychologists interested in the

organizational side of the subfield work in which of the following
areas?

A. employee selection

B. worker productivity (Right Answer)

C. job performance

D. hiring practices

215. Increasing worker productivity connects to which of the

following concepts?

A. attribution

B. stereotypical threat

C. motivation (Right Answer)

D. need

216. All of the following are extrinsic incentives designed to

increase productivity in the workforce EXCEPT:

A. stock options

B. a higher salary

C. a monetary bonus

D. volunteering to work in a company charity event (Right

Answer)
217. Although many American workers prefer financials
incentives, many Swedish workers prefer vacation time. This
suggests that the perception and experience of incentives:

A. is similar across all cultural context

B. is culturally mediated (Right Answer)

C. has no connection to cultural values or norms

D. relates to a community’s economic situation

218. There is a connection between cultural values and models,

choice, and intrinsic motivation. Which of the following illustrates
the statement?

A. many European-American children are likely to do better at a

task when they choose it themselves rather than when an adult
chooses it for them (Right Answer)

B. many Asian-American children are likely to do better at a task

when they choose it themselves rather than when an adult chooses
it for them

C. many European American children participate in cultural

practices that emphasize loyalty and fulfilling social obligations

D. many Asian American children participate in cultural practices

that emphasize self-expression and freedom of choice

219. Sledge, Miles, and Coppage explored the relationship

between culture and job satisfaction. They wanted to test the
Western Herberg’s Two Factor Theory of motivation in other
cultural settings. In which country did they perform the research?

A. Kenya

B. Sweden
 C. Brazil (Right Answer)

D. Columbia

220. In their work Sledge, Miles, and Coppage found many of

Herberg’s Two Factor Theory of motivation principles were
common in their Brazilian sample. There were also cultural
differences. They found that for Brazilian employees:

A. company loyalty was not important

B. collaborative work experiences were not important

C. supervision and work relationships did not connect to job

dissatisfaction (Right Answer)

D. did not take pride in their work

221. When teachers integrate children’s cultural values and

heritages and to classroom practice:

A. children view their cultural ways is inferior to those at school

B. children to their cultural ways as contradictory to those at

school

C. children sense of self-worth decreases

D. children do better at school (Right Answer)

222. In their study on academic achievement in the United States

Boykin and colleagues chose four cultural themes to study. They
included all the following EXCEPT:

A. individualistic learning or working alone

B. competitive activities
 C. cooperative learning

D. teacher led activities (Right Answer)

223. In their study, Boykin and colleagues addressed the

misconception that African-American children do not value
achievement. Their findings revealed all the following EXCEPT:

A. African-American children preferred students who

demonstrated group oriented values

B. African-American children valued achievement when they

could reach their goals and culturally appropriate and valued ways
(Right Answer)

C. African-American children preferred students who

demonstrated individualistic and competitive values and behaviors

D. teachers need not consider incorporating children’s cultural

values and practices they experience at home into classroom
activities

224. Greenfield and Quiroz compared personal achievement

values across different ethnic groups in the United States. They
explored how educational experience shapes cultural values. They
utilized two social relation patterns. Gemeinschaft relates to:

A. society

B. community (Right Answer)

C. locale

D. region

225. Greenfield and Quiroz compared personal achievement

values across different ethnic groups in the United States. They
 explored how educational experience shapes cultural values. They
utilized two social relation patterns. Gesellschaft relates to:

A. society (Right Answer)

B. community

C. locale

D. region

226. The social relation pattern, Gemeinschaft connects to all the

following EXCEPT:

A. rural life

B. home-based education

C. cultural practices support an interdependent self

D. competition between members (Right Answer)

227. The social relation pattern, Gemeinschaft connects to:

A. rural life (Right Answer)

228. a reliance upon technology

C. formal schooling experiences

D. cultural practices that support an independent self

229. Greenfield and Quiroz connected social relation patterns to

family value systems. Which values connect to Gemeinschaft
settings?

A. familistic (Right Answer)

B. individualistic
 C. competition

D. individual achievement

230. According to Greenfield and Quiroz, many Latino

immigrants and their children relocating in the US experience
stress as a result of:

A. moving from Gesellschaft to Gemeinschaft settings

B. moving from Gemeinschaft to Gesellschaft settings (Right

Answer)

C. individualistic value systems to familistic value systems

D. searching for work

231. In many Latino homes, parents give their children equal

praise regardless of their actual work contributions. This relates in
part to the emphasis upon:

A. gemeinschaft values

B. gesellschaft values

C. individualistic values

D. familistic values (Right Answer)

232. Important findings from Greenfield and Quiroz’s work

include all the following EXCEPT:

A. Latino children’s school experiences emphasize individualistic

values; however they still relied upon the found holistic values
they learned home

B. parents’ educational experiences shape their views about

achievement
 C. intergroup contact between children of different ethnic heritages
does not result in any change in behaviour (Right Answer)

D. their study has applied value for improving children’s learning

experiences at school

233. The Kamehameha elementary education program shares

parallels with which of the following programs?

A. Bridging Cultures Project (Right Answer)

B. The Gemeinschaft Project

C. The Gesellschaft Project

D. The Indigenous Cultures Project

234. What is one problem Hawaiian children face in schools with

respect to school achievement and academic success?

A. school curriculum

B. language problems

C. negative teacher perceptions (Right Answer)

D. access to public education

235. One major goal of the The Kamehameha Elementary

Education Program (KEEP) was:

A. to improve Hawaiian children’s language skills

B. to improve Hawaiian children’s problem-solving skills

C. to help teachers incorporate cultural skills and abilities children

learned at home into classroom practice (Right Answer)

D. to help children complete individual learning tests

236. As a result of The Kamehameha Elementary Education
Program, Jordan recommended that:

A. teachers behave more the way mothers do at home (Right

Answer)

B. teachers work to improve children’s language abilities

C. teachers work to improve children’s problem-solving skills

D. teachers incorporate more individual learning tasks and

activities

237. Kim and Park take an indigenous psychology approach to

understand Korean children’s academic achievement. They found
all of the following to be true EXCEPT:

A. children were proud of doing well in school

B. parents were a major source of emotional support

C. like their parents, students believed their success was due to

hard work

D. students believe their success at school was due to their natural

abilities (Right Answer)

238. Korean children share many values with other Asian

communities. All of the following connect to a Korean child’s
academic success EXCEPT:

A. loyalty to parents

B. bringing pride and honor to one’s family

C. the importance of perseverance and hard work

 D. the importance of receiving rewards for individual
accomplishments (Right Answer)

239. Chen is a Taiwanese child. Which adult is most likely to

monitor her academic progress?

A. her mother (Right Answer)

B. her father

C. her siblings

D. her grandparents

240. In their cross-national study, Fang and colleagues explored

how national culture shapes student achievement and student
learning outcomes. From which of the following frameworks did
they extract criteria for their study?

A. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

B. Expectancy Value Theory

C. Hofstede’s dimensions for comparing cultures (Right Answer)

D. Learning Theories of Motivation

241. In their cross-national study, Fang and colleagues explored

how national culture shapes student achievement and student
learning outcomes. Which criteria did they find to have the most
influence as a predictor of student achievement?

A. power distance

B. long-term orientation (Right Answer)

C. individualism
 D. survival/self-expression

242. There is an important connection between motivation and

education. It is important for teachers to be culturally aware and
sensitive to their students lived experiences. Which of the
following frameworks did Ginsberg introduce to motivate all
children to become successful?

A. Bridging Cultures Project

B. The Kamehameha Elementary Education Project

C. The Motivational Framework for Culturally Responsive

Teaching (Right Answer)

D. The Cultural Heritage Project

243. Learning is the result of association of two components, stated by:

a. Aristotle (Right Answer)

b. Skinner
C. Pavlov
d. Thorndike

244. Which one of the following children is displaying preconventional

thought?

a. Abid refuses to obey a law that

treats certain people as second-
class citizens
b. Hina disagrees with her school's policy on graduating early, but she
would never publicly protest it without her school's permission
C. Natasha does not skip school
because she worries about what her
friends will say
d. Mansoor decides not to skip class because he will get in trouble with
the principal (Right Answer)
245. Idea of reinforcement given by

a. Thorndike and Skinner (Right Answer)

b. Skinner and Povlov
C. Povlov and Thorndike
d. Thorndike and Aristotle

246. The concept of object permanence is attained during Piaget's........

stage of development

a. Sensorimotor stage (Right Answer)

b. Pre-operational stage
C. Formal operation stage
d. Concrete operational stage

247. Different parts of the body grow at different rate is known as

changes in;

a. body size
b. body proportion (Right Answer)
C. muscle-fat makeup
d. gross and fine motor skills

248. Correct sequences of four elements of observational learning are

a. Attention → Motivation → Retention → Reproduction
b. Attention → Retention → Reproduction → Motivation (Right
Answer)
c. Attention → Reproduction → Retention → Motivation
d. Attention → Retention → Motivation → Reproduction

249. Umer's chronological age is 14, whereas his mental age is 16. What
would be his intelligence quotient IQ?

a. 87.5
b. 114.2 (Right Answer)
C. 2.24
d. 22.4

(Solution: IQ = (Mental Age/Chronological Age) x 100

IQ = (16/14) x 100
IQ = 114.2).

250. The period spent in mother's womb is called:

a. Prenatal (Right Answer)

b. Infancy
c. toddlerhood
d. Early childhood

251. Any environmental agent which may affect the development of

embryo is refers as;

a. prenatal
b. postnatal
c. tritogen
d. teratogen (Right Answer)

252. Who developed the theory that the concept of morality is

established in three stages?

a. Erik Erikson
b. B.F. Skinner
c. Lawrence Kohlberg (Right Answer)
d. Jean Piaget

253. According to Erikson, which important event is associated with the

early childhood stage of development?

a. Exploration
b. School
C. Toilet training (Right Answer)
d. Feeding