This is a reproduction of a library book that was digitized

by Google as part of an ongoing effort to preserve the

information in books and make it universally accessible.

https://books.google.com
Lucian's True history
Lucian , Francis Hickes , Charles Whibley ,
William Strang , Aubrey Beardsley , Joseph Benwell Clark
8 - NSG
( Hickes )
Lucian
 LUCIAN'S
TRUE HISTORY
 251 Copies printed.

No. 14.0.
LUCIAN'S TRUE HISTORY
TRANSLATED BY FRANCIS HICKES ILLUS
TRATED BY WILLIAM STRANG J · B CLARK
AND AUBREY BEARDSLEY WITH AN IN
TRODUCTION BY CHARLES WHIBLEY

LONDON
PRIVATELY PRINTED
MDCCCXCIV

li
 TO NEW YORK
PUBLIC LIBRARY
158815A
ASTOR , I INOX AND
TILDEN FOUNDATION
R 1924 L
 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS .

To face page
AFTER THE TEMPEST ( STRANG ) 15

ADORATION ( CLARK) . 17

" A SNARE OF VINTAGE ” ( BEARDSLEY) 23

41
SPIDERS OF MIGHTY BIGNESS (STRANG ) ,
THE BATTLE OF THE TURNIPS (CLARK ) 43

THE SUPPER OF FISH ( STRANG ) 89

UNDERPROPPING THE WHALE'S CHOPS (CLARK) 125

SOCRATES ' GARDEN ( CLARK) . 179

THE BANQUET OF BEANS (STRANG) 181

THE PILLAR OF BERYLSTONE (CLARK) 193

OWLS AND POPPIES (STRANG) 205

DREAMS (BEARDSLEY) . 209

THE HALCYON'S NEST (STRANG ) 225

THE FLOATING FOREST (CLARK) . 229

THE ISLAND WOMEN (STRANG) . 241

WATER INCARNADINE (CLARK ) 245

 19

1
 INTRODUCTION .

It is a commonplace of criticism that Lucian

was the first of the moderns, but in truth he
is near to our time because of all the ancients
he is nearest to his own . With Petronius he

shared the discovery that there is material for

literature in the debased and various life of
every day — that to the seeing eye the indi
vidual is more wonderful in colour and com
plexity than the severely simple abstraction of
the poets. He replaced the tradition, respected
of his fathers, by an observation more vivid
and less pedantic than the note-book of the
naturalist. He set the world in the dry
light of truth , and since the vanity of man
viii INTRODUCTION.

kind is a constant factor throughout the ages,

there is scarce a page of Lucian's writing that
wears the faded air of antiquity . His person
ages are as familiar to-day as they were in the
second century, because, with his pitiless deter
mination to unravel the tangled skein of human
folly, he never blinded his vision to their true
qualities. And the multiplicity of his interest
is as fresh as his penetration. Nothing came
amiss to his eager curiosity. For the first time
in the history of literature (with the doubtful
exception of Cicero) we encounter a writer whose
ceaseless activity includes the world. While
others had declared themselves poets, histo
rians, philosophers , Lucian comes forth as a
man of letters . Had he lived to-day, he
would have edited a newspaper,,written leading
articles , and kept his name ever before the
public in the magazines. For he possessed
the qualities , if he avoided the defects, of the
journalist . His phrase had not been worn by
 INTRODUCTION. ix

constant use to imbecility ; his sentences were

not marred by the association of commonness ;
his style was still his own and fit for the
expression of a personal view . But he noted
such types and incidents as make an imme
diate, if perennial, appeal, and to study him is
to be convinced that literature and journalism
are not necessarily divorced.
The profession was new, and with the joy of
the innovator Lucian was never tired of invent
ing new genres. Romance, criticism , satire — he
mastered them all . In Toxaris and The Ass he
proves with what delicacy and restraint he could
handle the story. His ill-omened apprentice
ship to a sculptor gave him that taste and
feeling for art which he turned to so admirable
an account. He was, in fact, the first of the
art-critics, and he pursued the craft with an
easy unconsciousness of the heritage he be
queathed to the world. True, he is silent
concerning the technical practice of the Greeks ;
Х INTRODUCTION .

true, he leaves us in profound ignorance of the

art of Zeuxis, whose secrets he might have
revealed , had he been less a man of letters.
But he found in painting and sculpture an
opportunity for elegance of phrase, and we
would forgive a thousand shortcomings for such
inspirations of beauty as the smile of Sosandra :
το μειδίαμα σεμνον και λεληθος. Ιn literary criticism
he was on surer ground, and here also he
leaves the past behind. His knowledge of
Greek poetry was profound ; Homer he had
by heart ; and on every page he proves his
sympathies by covert allusion or precise quota
tion . His treatise concerning the Writing of
History * preserves its force irresistible after
seventeen centuries, nor has the wisdom of the
ages impeached or modified this lucid argument.
With a modest wit he compares himself to
Diogenes, who, when he saw his fellow -citizens
busied with the preparations of war, gathered
Πώς δεί ιστορίαν συγγράφειν.
 xi
INTRODUCTION.

his skirts about him and fell to rolling his tub

up and down. So Lucian , unambitious of
writing history, sheltered himself from . " the
waves and the smoke,” and was content to
provide others with the best of good counsel .
Yet such is the irony of accident that, as
Lucian's criticism has outlived the masterpieces
of Zeuxis, so the historians have snatched
an immortality from his censure ; and let it
be remembered for his glory that he used
Thucydides as a scourge wherewith to beat
impostors. But matters of so high import did
not always engross his humour, and in The
Illiterate Book -buyer * he satirizes a fashion of
the hour and of all time with a courage and
brutality which tear the heart out of truth .
How intimately does he realize his victim !
And how familiar is this same victim in his
modern shape !! You know the very streets
he haunts ; you know the very shops wherein
Προς τον απαιδευτών και πολλα βιβλία νούμενον.
xii INTRODUCTION.

he is wont to acquire his foolish treasures ;

you recognize that not by a single trait
has Lucian dishonoured his model. In yet
another strange instance Lucian anticipated
the journalist of to-day. Though his disciples
know it not, he invented the interview. In
that famous visit to the Elysian Fields, which
is a purple patch upon his masterpiece, The
True History, he " went to talk with Homer
the Poet, our leisure serving us both well ,”
and he put precisely those questions which
the modern hack, note-book in hand , would
seek to resolve. First, remembering the seven
cities, he would know of Homer what father
land claimed him , and when the poet “ said
indeed he was a Babylonian, and among his
own countrymen not called Homer but Tigra
nes,” Lucian straightly " questioned him about
those verses in his books that are disallowed as
not of his making ; ” whereto Homer replied
with a proper condemnation of Zenodotus and
 INTRODUCTION. xiii

Aristarchus. And you wonder whether Lucian

is chastising his contemporaries or looking
with the eye of a prophet into the future.
But even more remarkable than his many
coloured interest is Lucian's understanding.
He was, so to say, a perfect Intelligence thrown
by accident into an age of superstition and cre
dulity. It is not only that he knew all things :
he saw all things in their right relation. If
the Pagan world had never before been con
scious of itself, it had no excuse to harbour
illusions after his coming. Mr. Pater speaks
of the intellectual light he turned upon dim
places, and truly no corner of life escaped the
gleam of his lantern . Gods, philosophers,
necromancers, yielded up their secrets to his
enquiry. With pitiless logic he criticized
their extravagance and pretension ; and actively
anticipating the spirit of modern science, he
accepted no fact, he subscribed to no theory,
which he had not examined with a cold impar
xiv INTRODUCTION .

tiality. Indeed , he was Scepticism in human

shape, but as the weapon of his destruction is
always raillery, as he never takes either himself
or his victims with exaggerated seriousness,
you may delight in his attack, even though
you care not which side wins the battle . His
wit was as mordant as Heine's own ;-is it
fantastical to suggest that Lucian too carried
Hebrew blood in his veins ? — yet when
the onslaught is most unsparing he is still
joyous. For a gay contempt, not a bitter hatred ,
is the note of his satire . And for the very
reason that his scepticism was felt, that it
sprang from a close intimacy with the follies
of his own time , so it is fresh and familiar
to an age that knows not Zeus. Not even the
Dialogues of the Gods are out of date, for if
we no longer reverence Olympus , we still blink
our eyes at the flash of ridicule . And

might not the Philopseudes, that masterly

analysis of ghostly terrors , might not
 INTRODUCTION. XV

Alexander the False Prophet, have been

written yesterday ?
And thus we arrive at Lucian's weakness .
In spite of its brilliance and flippancy, his
scepticism is at times over-intelligent. His
good sense baffles you by its infallibility ; his
sanity is so magnificently beyond question,
that you pray for an interlude of unreason.
The sprightliness of his wit, the alertness
of his fancy, mitigate the perpetual rightness
of his judgment. But it must be confessed
that for all his delicate sense of ridicule he
cherished a misguided admiration of the
truth. If only he had understood the joy of
self -deception, if only he had realized more
often (as he realized in The Ass), the delight
of throwing probability to the winds, we had
regarded him with a more constant affection.
His capital defect sprang from a lack of the
full -blooded humour which should at times
have led him into error. And yet by an irony
6
xvi INTRODUCTION .

it was this very love of truth which suggested

The True History, that enduring masterpiece
of phantasy. Setting out to prove his hatred
of other men's lies, he shows himself on the
road the greatest liar of them all. “ The father
and founder of all this foolery was Homer's
Ulysses " : thus he writes in his Preface,
confessing that in a spirit of emulation he
" turned his style to publish untruths,” but
with an honester mind, " for this one thing
I confidently pronounce for a truth, that
lie.” Such is the spirit of the work, nor
is there the smallest doubt that Lucian, once
embarked upon his voyage, slipped from his
ideal , to enjoy the lying for its own sake.
If The True History fails as a parody, that
is because we care not a jot for Ctesias,
Iambulus and the rest, at whom the satire
is levelled . Its fascination , in fact, is due to
those same qualities which, in others, its author
affected to despise. The facile variety of its
 INTRODUCTION. xvii

invention can scarce be matched in literature,

and the lies are told with so delightful an
unconcern, that belief is never difficult .! Nor
does the narrative ever flag. It ends at
the same high level of falsehood in which
it has its beginning . And the credibility is
increased by the harmonious consistency
cy of
each separate lie. At the outset the traveller
discovers a river of wine, and forthwith travels
up stream to find the source, and “ when we
were come to the head ” (to quote Hickes's
translation ), “ no spring at all appeared, but
mighty vine-trees of infinite number, which
from their roots distilled pure wine, which
made the river run so abundantly .” So con
clusive is the explanation , that you only would
have wondered had the stream been of water.
And how admirable is the added touch that
he who ate fish from the river was made
drunk ! Then by a pleasant gradation you
are carried on from the Hippogypians, or the
b 2
xviii INTRODUCTION.

Riders of Vultures, every feather in whose

wing is bigger and longer than the mast of
a tall ship, from the fleas as big as twelve
elephants, to those spiders of mighty bigness,
every one of which exceeded in size an isle of
the Cyclades. “ These were appointed to spin
a web in the air between the Moon and the
Morning Star, which was done in an instant,
and made a plain champaign, upon which the
foot forces were planted.” Truly a very
Colossus of falsehood, but Lucian's ingenuity
is inexhausted and inexhaustible, and the
mighty Whale is his masterpiece of impu
dence. For he " contained in greatness fifteen
hundred furlongs” ; his teeth were taller
than beech-trees, and when he swallowed the
travellers, he showed himself so far superior to
Jonah's fish, that ship and all sailed down
his throat, and happily he caught not the
pigmy shallop between his chops. And the
geographical divisions of the Whale's belly, and
 INTRODUCTION . xix

Lucian's adventures therein, are they not set

down with circumstantial verity ? Then there
is the episode of the frozen ship, and the sea of
milk, with its well- pressed cheese for an island,
which reminds one of the Elizabethan madri
gal: “ If there were O an Hellespont of Cream .”
Moreover, the verisimilitude is enhanced by
a scrupulously simple style. No sooner is
the preface concerning lying at an end than
Lucian lapses into pure narrative. A wealth
of minutely considered detail gives an air of
reality to the most monstrous impossibility ;
the smallest facts are explicitly divulged ;
the remote accessories described with order
and impressiveness; so that the wildest inven
tion appears plausible, even inevitable, and you
know that you are in company with the very
genius of falsehood . Nor does this wild diver
sity of invention suggest romance . It is still

classic in style and shape ; not a phrase nor a

word is lost ; and expression, as always in the
XX INTRODUCTION .

classics, is reduced to its lowest terms. But

when the travellers reach the Islands of the
Blessed , the style takes on a colour and a
beauty which it knew not before. A fragrant
air breathed upon them,, as of ““roses,, daffodils,,
gillyflowers, lilies,, violets,, myrtles,, bays,, and
blossoms of vines . " Happy also was the Isle
to look upon : ένθα δη και καθεωρώμεν λιμένας τε
πολλούς περί πάσαν ακλύστoυς και μεγάλους, ποταμούς
τε διαυγείς εξίοντας ηρέμα ες την θάλατταν έτι δε
λειμώνας και ύλας και όρνεα μουσικά, τα μεν επί των
ήϊόνων άδοντα, πολλά δε και επί των κλάδων αής
κούφος και εύπνους περιεκέχυτο την χώραν : “ a still
and gentle air compassing the whole country .”
Where will you find a more vivid impression
of elegance and serenity ? or where match “ the
melody of the branches, like the sound of
wind instruments in a solitary place ” (από των
κλάδων κινουμένων τερπνα και συνεχή μέλη απεσυρίζετο
έoικότα τους επ' ερημίας αυλήμασι των πλαγίων αυλών) ?
And when the splendour of the city breaks
 INTRODUCTION. xxi

upon you, with its smaragdus, its cinnamon

tree, its amethyst,, ivory, and beryl,, the
rich barbarity suggests Solomon's Temple , or
the City of the Revelation . Its inhabitants
are the occasion of infinite jesting , and again
and again does Lucian satirize the philoso
phers , his dearest foes. Socrates was in danger
of being thrust forth by Rhadamanthus , ģv
φλυαρή και μη εθέλη αφείς την ειρωνείαν ευωχείσθαι,
while as for Diogenes the Sinopean , so pro
foundly was he changed from his old estate ,
that he had married Lais the Harlot . The
journey to Hell is another excuse to gird at
the historians . The severest torments were
inflicted, says Lucian , upon Ctesias the Cni
dian , Herodotus and many others , which the
writer beholding “ was put in great hopes that
I should never have anything to do there , for I
do not know that ever I spake any untruth in
my life .” And yet with all his irony , all his
scorn , Lucian has ever a side -glance at litera
xxii INTRODUCTION .

ture. The verse of Homer is constantly upon

his lips, and it is from Homer that the Gods
take their ditties in the Elysian fields. Again,
when the traveller visits the city of Nephelo
coccygia, it is but to think upon the poet
Aristophanes, “ how wise a man he was, and
how true a reporter, and how little cause there
is to question his fidelity for what he hath
written ."
Such is the work which, itself a masterpiece,
has been a pattern and an exemplar unto
others. If Utopia and its unnumbered rivals
derive from Plato, there is not a single
Imaginary Traveller that is not modelled
upon Lucian . The True History was, in
effect, the beginning of a new literature. Not
only was its framework borrowed, not only
was its habit of fantastic names piously
imitated, but the disciples, like the master,
turned their voyages to the purpose of satire.
It was Rabelais who made the first adaptation,
 INTRODUCTION. xxiii

for, while Epistemon's descent into Hell was

certainly suggested by Lucian, Pantagruel's
voyage is an ample travesty of The True His
tory, and Lanternland, the home of the Lych
nobii, is but Lychnopolis, Lucian's own City
of Lights. The seventeenth century discovered
another imitator in Cyrano de Bergerac, whose
tepid Voyage dans la Lune is interesting
merely because it is a link in the chain that
unites Lucian with Swift. Yet the book had an
immense popularity, and Cyrano's biographer
has naught to say of the original traveller,
save that he told his story "avec beaucoup
moins de vraisemblance et de gentilesse
d'imagination que M. de Bergerac.” An
astounding judgment surely, which time has
already reversed. And then came Gulliver's
Travels, incomparably the greatest descendant
of The True History. To what excellent pur
pose Swift followed his Lucian is proved alike
by the amazing probability of his narrative,
xxiv INTRODUCTION .

and the cruelty of his satire. Like Lucian , he

professed an unveiled contempt for philoso
phers and mathematicians ; unlike Lucian, he
made his imaginary journey the occasion for a
fierce satire upon kings and politicians. But
so masterly is the narrative, so convincing the
reality of Lilliput and Brobdignag, that Gul
liver retains its hold upon our imagination,
though the meaning of its satire is long since
blunted . Swift's work came to astonish the
world in 1727, and some fourteen years later
in the century Holberg astonished the wits of
Denmark with a satire cast in Lucian's mould.
Nicolai Klimiï Iter Subterraneum — thus ran
the title, and from Latin the book was trans
lated into every known tongue.. The city of
walking trees , the home of the Potuans , and
many another invention , prove Holberg's debt
to the author of The True History. And if
the genre is dead to -day, it is dead because
the most intrepid humourist would hesitate
 INTRODUCTION. XXV

to walk in the footsteps of Lemuel Gul

liver.
Fortunate in his imitators, Lucian has been
not wholly unfortunate in his translators. Not
even envy could pick a quarrel with Francis
Hickes, whose Englishing of The True History
is here reprinted . The book appeared, under
the auspices of Hickes's son , in 1634, four
years after the translator's death . Thus it is
described on the title-page : " Certaine Select
Dialogues of Lucian together with his True
Historie, translated from the Greeke into
English by Mr. Francis Hickes. Whereunto
is added the Life of Lucian gathered out of
his own Writings, with briefe Notes and Illus
trations upon each Dialogue and Booke, by
T. H. Master of Arts , of Christ Church in
Oxford. Oxford, Printed by William Turner .
1634.” Composed with a certain dignity, it
is dedicated “ to the Right Worshipfull Dr.
Duppa, Deane of Christ- Church, and. Vice
xxvi INTRODUCTION .

Chancellor of the famous Universitie in Ox

ford.” And the work reflects a wholesome
glory upon the famous University. For it is
the work of a scholar, who knew both the lan
guages. Though his diction lacked the spirit
and colour which distinguish the splendid
versions of North and Holland , he was far
more keenly conscious of his original than were
those masters of prose. Not only did he, unlike
North, translate directly from the Greek, but he
followed his original with loyalty and patience.
In brief, his Lucian is a miracle of suitability.
The close simplicity of Hickes fits the classical
restraint of The True History to admiration .
As the Greek is a model of narrative, so you
cannot read the English version without think
ing of the incomparable Hakluyt. Thirty
years after the first printing of the translation,
Jasper Mayne published his “ Part of Lucian
made English ,” wherein he added sundry
versions of his own to the work already
 INTRODUCTION. xxvii

accomplished by Francis Hickes. And in his

Epistle Dedicatory” he discusses the art of
translation with an intelligence which proves
how intimately he realized the excellent
quality of Hicks's version. “ For as the
Painter, ” thus Jasper Mayne, “ who would
draw a man of a bald head, rumpled fore
head, copper nose, pigge eyes, and ugly face,
draws him not to life, nor doth the business
of his art, if he draw him less deformed or
ugly than he is ; or as he who would draw
a faire, amiable lady, limbes with an erring
pencil, and drawes a libell , not a face, if he
gives her not just features, and perfections :
So in the Translation of Bookes, he who
makes a dull author elegant and quick ; or
a sharp, elegant author flat, rustick, rude and
dull, by contrary wayes, commits the same
sinne, and cannot be said to translate, but
to transforme.” That is sound sense, and
judged by the high standard of Jasper Mayne,
xxviii INTRODUCTION .

Francis Hickes has most valliantly acquitted

himself.
He was the son of Richard Hickes, an arras
weaver of Barcheston, in Warwickshire, and
after taking the degree of bachelor in the
University of Oxford, which he entered in
1579, at the age of thirteen , he was diverted
(says Thomas, his son) “ by a country retire
ment. Henceforth he devoted his life to
husbandry and Greek. Besides Lucian , he
translated Thucydides and Herodian, the
manuscripts of which are said to survive in
the library of Christ-Church . Possibly it
was his long retirement that gave a turn of
pedantry to his mind . It was but natural that
in his remote garden he should exaggerate
the importance of the knowledge acquired in
patient solitude. But certain it is that the
notes wherewith he decorated his margins are
triumphs of inapposite erudition . When Lu
cian describes the famous cobwebs, each one
 INTRODUCTION. xxix

of which was as big as an island of the

Cyclades, Hickes thinks to throw light upon
the text with this astonishing irrelevancy :
“ They are in the Aegean Sea, in number
13." The foible is harmless , nay pleasant,
and consonant with the character of the
learned recluse. Thus lived Francis Hickes,
silent and unknown , until in 1630 he died at
a kinsman's house at Sutton in Gloucester
shire. And you regret that his glory was
merely posthumous. For, pedant as he was,
he made known to his countrymen the enemy
of all the pedants, and turned a masterpiece
of Greek into English as sound and scholarly
as is found in any translator of his time.
14
 1

LUCIAN'S

TRUE HISTORY .

B
 ΑΛΗΘΟΥΣ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑΣ

ΛΟΓΟΣ ΠΡΩΤΟΣ.

1. " Ωσπερ τοϊς αθλητικούς και περί την

.

των σωμάτων επιμέλειαν ήσκημένοις ου της

ευεξίας μόνον ουδε των γυμνασίων φροντίς
έστιν, αλλά και της κατά καιρον γινο
μένης ανέσεως - μέρος γούν της ασκήσεως
το μέγιστον αυτήν υπολαμβάνουσιν- ούτω
δη και τους περί τους λόγους εσπουδακόσιν
ηγούμαι προσήκειν μετά την πολλήν των
σπουδαιοτέρων ανάγνωσιν ανιέναι τε την
διάνοιαν και προς τον έπειτα κάματον
ακμαιοτέραν παρασκευάζειν.
 LUCIAN :

HIS TRUE HISTORY.

The Proem .
Even as champions and wrestlers and such
as practise the strength and agility of body
are not only careful to retain a sound con
stitution of health , and to hold on their
The mind
ordinary course of exercise, but sometimes requires some
recreation as
the
also to recreate themselves with seasonable well
body.
as

intermission, and esteem it as a main point

of their practice ; so I think it necessary for
scholars and such as addict themselves to the

study of learning, after they have travelled

long in the perusal of serious authors, to
relax a little the intention of their thoughts,
that they may be more apt and able to endure
a continued course of study.
B 2
4 ΑΛΗΘΟΥΣ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑΣ. Α. 2.

2. Γένοιτο δ' άν έμμελής η ανάπαυσις

αυτοίς, εί τοις τοιούτοις των αναγνωσμάτων
ομιλοξεν, μη μόνον εκ του αστείου τε
και χαρίεντος ψιλής παρέξει την ψυχαγω
γίαν, αλλά τινα και θεωρίαν ουκ άμουσον
επιδείξεται, οίόν τι και περί τώνδε των
συγγραμμάτων φρονήσειν υπολαμβάνω : ου
γαρ μόνον το ξένον της υποθέσεως ουδε το
χάριεν της προαιρεσέως επαγωγον έσται
αυτοίς ουδ' ότι ψεύσματα ποικίλα πιθανώς
τε και εναλήθως εξενηνόχαμεν, αλλ ' ότι
και των ιστορουμένων έκαστον ουκ άκωμω
δήτως πρός τινας ήνικται των παλαιών
ποιητών τε και συγγραφέων και φιλοσόφων
πολλά τεράστια και μυθώδη συγγεγραφό
των, ούς και ονομαστί αν έγραφον, ει μη
 TRUE HISTORY . 5

And this kind of repose will be the more

conformable, and fit their purpose better, if it
be employed in the reading of such works as
His purpose
shall not only yield a bare content by the history.
in writingthis
pleasing and comely composure of them, but
shall also give occasion of some learned specula
tion to the mind, which I suppose I have
effected in these books of mine : wherein not

only the novelty of the subject, nor the pleasing

ness of the project, may tickle the reader with
delight, nor to hear so many notorious lies
delivered persuasively and in the way of truth,
but because everything here by me set down
doth in a comical fashion glance at some or
other of the old poets, historiographers, and
philosophers, which in their writings have
recorded many monstrous and intolerable
untruths, whose names I would have quoted
6 ΑΛΗΘΟΥΣ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑΣ. Α. 3.

και αυτό σοι εκ της αναγνώσεως φανείσθαι

έμελλον.
3. Κτησίας και Κτησιόχου ο Κνίδιος συνέ
γραψε περί της Ινδών χώρας και των
παρ' αυτούς & μήτε αυτός είδε μήτε άλλου
ειπόντος ήκουσεν. έγραψε δε και Ιαμβούλος
περί των εν τη μεγάλη θαλάττη πολλα
παράδοξα , γνώριμον μεν άπασι το ψεύδος
πλασάμενος , ουκ ατερπη δε όμως συνθείς
την υπόθεσιν . πολλοί δε και άλλοι τα
αυτα τούτοις προελόμενοι συνέγραψαν ως
δή τινας εαυτών πλάνας τε και αποδημίας
θηρίων τε μεγέθη ιστορούντες και ανθρώπων
ωμότητας και βίων καινότητας αρχηγός
δε αυτούς και διδάσκαλος της τοιαύτης
 TRUE HISTORY . 7

down, but that I knew the reading would

bewray them to you.
Ctesias, the son of Ctesiochus, the Cnidian, 30Hewrotealso
Persian Hise
wrote of the region of the Indians and the fory.. Suid.
state of those countries, matters which he
neither saw himself, nor ever heard come from
the mouth of any man. Iambulus also wrote

many strange miracles of the great sea, which

all men knew to be lies and fictions, yet so
composed that they want not their delight :
and many others have made choice of the
like argument, of which some have published
their own travels and peregrinations, wherein
they have described the greatness of beasts,
the fierce condition of men, with their strange
and uncouth manner of life : but the first
father and founder of all this foolery was
8 ΑΛΗΘΟΥΣ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑΣ . Α. 4.

βωμολοχίας και του Ομήρου Οδυσσεύς, τους

περί τον 'Αλκίνουν διηγούμενος ανέμων τε
δουλείαν και μονοφθάλμους και ωμοφάγους
και αγρίους τινας ανθρώπους, έτι δε πολυ
κέφαλα ζώα και τας υπό φαρμάκων των
εταίρων μεταβολάς, για πολλά εκείνος ως
προς ιδιώτας ανθρώπους ετερατεύσατο τους
Φαίακας.
4. Τούτοις ούν έντυχών άπασι του ψεύσασθαι
μεν ου σφόδρα τους άνδρας έμεμψάμην
ορών ήδη σύνηθες εν τούτο και τους φιλο
σοφείν επισχνουμένους εκείνο δε αυτών
εθαύμαζον, ει ενόμισαν λήσειν ουκ αληθή
συγγράφοντες. διόπερ και αυτός υπό
κενοδοξίας απολιπείν τι σπουδάσας τους
μεθ' ημάς, ίνα μή μόνος άμοιρος και της
 TRUE HISTORY. 9

Homer's Ulysses, who tells a long tale to Odyss. 9, Sc.

Alcinöus of the servitude of the winds, and of
wild men with one eye in their foreheads that
fed upon raw flesh, of beasts with many
Tam vacui
heads and the transformation of his friends capitis popu.
Phæaca
lum

by enchanted potions, all which he made the JUVEN.

putavit?
silly Phæakes believe for great sooth.
This coming to my perusal, I could not con
demn ordinary men for lying, when I saw it in
request amongst them that would be counted
philosophical persons : yet could not but

wonder at them, that, writing so manifest lies,

they should not think to be taken with the
manner ; and this made me also ambitious to

leave some monument of myself behind me,

that I might not be the only man exempted
from this liberty of lying : and because I had
10 ΑΛΗΘΟΥΣ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑΣ. Α . 5.

εν τω μυθολογείν ελευθερίας, επεί μηδέν

αληθές ιστορείν είχον - ουδέν γαρ έπεπόνθειν
.

αξιόλογον –επί το ψεύδος ετραπόμην πολύ

των άλλων ευγνωμονέστερον " κάν εν γαρ
δή τούτο αληθεύσω λέγων, ότι ψεύσομαι.
ούτω δ' άν μοι δοκώ και την παρα των
άλλων κατηγορίαν εκφυγείν αυτος ομολογών
μηδέν αληθές λέγειν. γράφω τοίνυν περί
ών μήτε είδον μήτε έπαθον μήτε παρ'
άλλων επυθόμην, έτι δε μήτε όλως όντων
μήτε την αρχήν γενέσθαι δυναμένων. διο
δεί τους εντυγχάνοντας μηδαμώς πιστεύειν
αυτούς.
5. Ορμηθείς γάρ ποτε από Ηρακλείων
.

στηλών και αφείς ες τον εσπέριον ωκεανόν

 TRUE HISTORY. II

no matter of verity to employ my pen in (for

nothing hath befallen me worth the writing),
I turned my style to publish untruths, but
with an honester mind than others have done :

for this one thing I confidently pronounce for

a truth, that I lie : and this, I hope,' may be
an excuse for all the rest, when I confess
what I am faulty in : for I write of matters
He professes
which I ' neither saw nor suffered, nor heard himseif aliar.

by report from others, which are in no being,

nor possible ever to have a beginning. Let
no man therefore in any case give any credit
to them . Two moun .
tains, one in
Disanchoring on a time from the pillars onEurop
otherin e,
Africa,
each side the
valcar. of Gib
of Hercules, the wind fitting me well for my Straits
I2 ΑΛΗΘΟΥΣ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑΣ . Α. 5.

ουρίω ανέμω τον πλούν έποιούμην. αιτία δε

μοι της αποδημίας και υπόθεσις ή της
διανοίας περιεργία και πραγμάτων καινών
επιθυμία και το βούλεσθαι μαθείν τί το
τέλος εστί του ωκεανού και τίνες οι πέραν
κατοικούντες άνθρωποι. τούτου γε μέντοι
ένεκα πάμπολλα μεν σιτία ενεβαλόμην,
ικανόν δε και ύδωρ ενεθέμην, πεντήκοντα
δε των ηλικιωτών προσεποιησάμην την αυτήν
έμοί γνώμην έχοντας, έτι δε και όπλων
πολύ τι πλήθος παρεσκευασάμην και κυβερ
νήτης τον άριστον μισθώ μεγάλω πείσας
παρέλαβον και την ναύν-άκατος δε ήν–
ως προς μέγαν και βίαιον πλούν εκρατυνά
μην .
 TRUE HISTORY . 13

purpose, I thrust into the West Ocean . The

occasion that moved me to take such a voyage
in hand was only a curiosity of mind, a desire
of novelties, and a longing to learn out the
bounds of the ocean, and what people inhabit
the farther shore : for which purpose I made
plentiful provision of victuals and fresh water,
got fifty companions of the same humour to
associate me in my travels, furnished myself
with store of munition, gave a round sum of
money to an expert pilot that could direct us
in our course, and new rigged and repaired
a tall ship strongly to hold a tedious and
difficult journey.
Thus sailed we forward a day and a night
with a prosperous wind, and as long as we
1+ ΑΛΗΘΟΥΣ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑΣ. Α. 6.

6. Ημέραν μεν ούν και νύκτα ουρία

πλέοντες έτι της γης υποφαινομένης ου
σφόδρα βιαίως αναγόμεθα , τη επιούση δε
άμα ηλίω ανατέλλονται και το άνεμος επεδίδου
και το κύμα ηυξάνετο και ζόφος επεγίγνετο
και ουκέτ ' ουδε στείλει την οθόνην δυνατόν
ήν. επιτρέψαντες ούν τα πνεύματι και
παραδόντες εαυτούς έχειμαζόμεθα ημέρας
εννέα και εβδομήκοντα, τη όγδοηκοστή δε
άφνω εκλάμψαντος ηλίου καθορώμεν ου
πόρρω νήσον υψηλών και δασείαν, ου τραχεί
περιηχουμένην τα κύματα και γαρ ήδη το
πολύ της ζάλης κατεπέπαυτο. προσσχόντες
ούν και αποβάντες ως άν έκ μακράς ταλαι
πωρίας πολύν μεν επί της γης χρόνον
εκείμεθα , διαναστάντες δε όμως απεκρίνα
 X W KI
TH KCI YO RY
PUBLI LIBRA
X
ASTOR, LEMAOTI
MEN FOUND -73
 On

WS .
 TRUL HISTORY

had any sight of land, made no great haste

on our way ; but the next morrow about sun
rising the wind blew high and the waves
began to swell and a darkness fell upon us,
so that we could not see to strike oursails ,
but gave our ship over to the wind and
weather ; thus were we tossed in this tempest
. the space of threescore and nineteen days
together. On the fourscorth day the sun upon
a sudden brake out, and we descried notfam
off us an island full of mountains and woods ,
about the which the seas did not rageso
boisterously , for the storm was now reasonably
well calmed : there we thrust in and went on
shore and cast ourselves upon the ground , and
so lay a long time, as utterly tired with
our
misery at sea : in the end we arose up and lear
divided ourselves : thirty we left to guard our land,
ใด
 TRUE HISTORY. 15

had any sight of land, made no great haste

on our way ; but the next morrow about sun
rising the wind blew high and the waves
began to swell and a darkness fell upon us,
so that we could not see to strike our sails,
over to the wind and
but gave our ship over
weather ; thus were we tossed in this tempest
the space of threescore and nineteen days
together. On the fourscorth day the sun upon
a sudden brake out, and we descried not far
off us an island full of mountains and woods,
about the which the seas did not rage so
boisterously , for the storm was now reasonably
well calmed : there we thrust in and went on
It was re
shore and cast ourselves upon the ground, and pest
quisitethetem ;
continue thus
so lay a long time, as utterly tired with our sail
long,altogeth
and he er
in the dark,
misery at sea : in the end we arose up and betest asked
he should
the
to this
divided ourselves : thirty we left to guard our strangeIsland .
16 ΑΛΗΘΟΥΣ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑΣ . Α. 7.

μεν ημών αυτών τριάκοντα μέν φύλακας

της νεως παραμένειν, είκοσι δε συν έμοι
ανελθείν επί κατασκοπή των εν τη νήσω.
7. Προελθόντες δε όσον σταδίους τρεις από
της θαλάττης δι ' ύλης ερωμέν τινα στήλης
χαλκού πεποιημένην, Ελληνικούς γράμμασι
καταγεγραμμένην, αμυδρoϊς δε και εκτε
τριμμένοις, λέγουσαν ,, άχρι τούτων Ηρακλής
και Διόνυσος αφίκοντο .“ ήν δε και ίχνη δύο
πλησίον επί πέτρας, το μεν πλεθριαίον, το
δε έλαττον εμοί δοκεϊν, το μεν του Διο
νύσου το μικρότερον, θάτερον δε Ηρακλέους .
προσκυνήσαντες δ' ούν προήειμεν' ούπω δε
πολύ παρήειμεν και εφιστάμεθα ποταμώ
οίνον ρέοντι ομοιοτάτω μάλιστα ολόσπερ και
Χιός εστιν. άφθονον δε ήν το ρεύμα και
 CKRARI
!
S
* YOUNDATION
IONUT
 ‫ ارد‬//
(:

011

(JB
B-tant
1894
tratta
Il mo tellit
 TRUE HISTORY

ship nyself and twenty more went to

the island, and had not gone above three
furlongs from the sea through a wood, but
we saw a brazen pillar erected, whereupon
Greek letters wereengraven, though now much
wom and hard to be discerned , importing
Thus far travelled Hercules and Bacchus.
There were also near unto the place to
portraitures cut out in a rock, the one of the
quantity of an acre of ground, the other less
which made me imagine the lesser to be
Bacchus and the other Hercules : and giving
thena due adoration, we proceeded on our
journey, and far wehad not gone but we came
to a river, the stream whereof seemed torun
vith as rich wine as any is made in Chios datud

and of a great breadth , in some places able to do

சோயா

த
Cos
 17
TRUE HISTORY .

ship : myself and twenty more went to discover

the island, and had not gone above three
furlongs from the sea through a wood, but
we saw a brazen pillar erected, whereupon
Greek letters were engraven, though now much
worn and hard to be discerned, importing,
“ Thus far travelled Hercules and Bacchus."
There were also near unto the place two
portraitures cut out in a rock, the one of the
quantity of an acre of ground, the other less,
which made me imagine the lesser to be
Bacchus and the other Hercules : and giving
them due adoration , we proceeded on our
journey, and far we had not gone but we came
to a river, the stream whereof seemed to run
An island
with as rich wine as any is made in Chios, in the Ægaan
for
and of a great breadth, in some places able to excellentwines.

с
18 ΑΛΗΘΟΥΣ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑΣ . Α. 7.

πολύ, ώστε ενιαχού και ναυσίπορον είναι

δύνασθαι. επήει ούν ημίν πολύ μάλλον
πιστεύειν τώ επί της στήλης επιγράμματα
δρώσι τα σημεία της Διονύσου επιδημίας.
δόξαν δέ μοι και όθεν έρχεται οο ποταμός
καταμαθεϊν, ανήειν παρα το ρεύμα, και
πηγήν μεν ουδεμίαν εύρον αυτού, πολλάς
δε και μεγάλας αμπέλους, πλήρεις βοτρύων,
παρά δε την ρίζαν εκάστην απέρρει σταγών
οίνου διαυγούς, αφ' ών εγίνετο ο ποταμός.
ήν δε και ιχθύς εν αυτώ πολλούς ιδεϊν,
οϊνω μάλιστα και την κρόαν και την
γεύσιν προσεοικότας: ημείς γούν αγρεύσαν
τες αυτών τινας και εμφαγόντες έμεθύσθη
μεν αμέλει και ανατεμόντες αυτούς ευρίσ
κομεν τρυγος μεστούς. ύστερον μέντοι
 TRUE HISTORY 19

bear a ship, which made me to give the more

credit to the inscription upon the pillar, when
I saw such apparent signs of Bacchus's pere
grination . We then resolved to travel up
the stream to find whence the river had his
original, and when we were come to the

head, no spring at all appeared, but mighty

great vine -trees of infinite number, which
from their roots distilled pure wine which
made the river run so abundantly : the stream
was also well stored with fish , of which we See Our
author's mod .

took a few , in taste and colour much resem- estry,

carriesforthis
probability by
bling wine, but as many as ate of them afar,than
spring that
of
wine should
fell drunk upon it ; for when they were opened rise cut
. of the

and cut up, we found them to be full of lees :

afterwards we mixed some fresh water fish

C 2
20 ΑΛΗΘΟΥΣ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑΣ . Α. 8.

επινοήσαντες τους άλλους ιχθύς, τους από

του ύδατος, παραμιγνύντες εκεράννυμεν το
σφοδρον της οινοφαγίας.
8. Τότε δε τον ποταμόν διαπεράσαντες, ή
διαβατός ήν, εύρομεν αμπέλων χρήμα
C

τεράστιον" το μεν γαρ από της γης, και στέλε

χος αυτός ευερνης και παχύς, το δε άνω
γυναίκες ήσαν, όσον εκ των λαγόνων άπαντα
έχουσαι τέλεια. τοιαύτην παρ' ημίν την
Δάφνην γράφουσιν άρτι του Απόλλωνος
καταλαμβάνοντος αποδενδρουμένην. από δε
των δακτύλων άκρων εξεφύοντο αυταίς οι
κλάδοι και μεστοι ήσαν βοτρύων . και μην
και τας κεφαλάς έκόμων έλιξί τε και
φύλλοις και βότρυσι,. προσελθόντας δε
ημάς ησπάζοντό τε και εδεξιούντο, αι μεν
 TRUE HISTORY. 21

with them, which allayed the strong taste of

the wine. We then crossed the stream where
we found it passable, and came among a world
of vines of incredible number, which towards
the earth had firm stocks and of a good
growth ; but the tops of them were women,
from the hip upwards, having all their propor
tion perfect and complete ; as painters picture
out Daphne, who was turned into a tree when
she was overtaken by Apollo ; at their fingers' ginHalf
and half a
Vir

tree .
ends sprung out branches full of grapes, and
the hair of their heads was nothing else but
winding wires and leaves, and clusters of
grapes. When we were come to them , they
saluted us and joined hands with us, and
spake unto us some in the Lydian and some
22 ΑΛΗΘΟΥΣ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑΣ . ΑΑ . 9.

Λύδιον, αι δε Ινδικήν, αι πλείσται δε την

Ελλάδα φωνήν προϊέμεναι. και έφίλουν
δε ημάς τους στόμασιν ' ο δε φιληθείς
αυτίκα εμέθυε και παράφορος ήν. δρέπε
σθαι μέντοι ου παρείχον του καρπού, αλλ'
ήλγουν και έβόων αποσπωμένου, αι δε και
μίγνυσθαι ημίν επεθύμουν και δύο τινές
των εταίρων πλησιάσαντες αυταίς ουκέτο
απελύοντο, αλλ' εκ των αιδοίων εδέδεντο:
συνεφύοντο γαρ και συνερριζούντο, και ήδη
αυτούς κλάδοι επεφύκεσαν οι δάκτυλοι και
ταϊς έλιξι περιπλεκόμενοι όσον ουδέπω και
αυτοί καρποφορήσειν έμελλον.
2. Καταλιπόντες δε αυτούς επί ναύν
έφεύγομεν και τους απολειφθείσι διηγούμεθα
ελθόντες τά τε άλλα και των εταίρων
fram
20. min
I
sn the Indian language, but most of
Greek : they also idssed us with their
but he that was so kissed fell drunk, and was
not his own man a good while after the
could not abide to have any fruit pulled
them , but would roar and cty out piti
if any man offered it. Some of them
to have carnal mixture with us
our company were so bold as to entertain
their offer, and could never aftensbe
loosed from them , but were knit fast together
at their nether parts, from whence they are
together and took root together, andtheir
fingers began to spring out with branches
and crooked wires as if they were ready to
bring out fruit : whereupon we forsook them
and fled to our ships, and told the company at
our coming what had betide unto us, how our
 TRUE HISTORY. 23

in the Indian language, but most of them in

Greek : they also kissed us with their mouths,
but he that was so kissed fell drunk, and was Many men
have thus lost
them elves, in
not his own man a good while after : they the the bewitching
yielding to
enticements of
could not abide to have any fruit pulled from wine and wo
Men .

them, but would roar and cry out pitifully

if any man offered it. Some of them desired
to have carnal mixture with us, and two of
our company were so bold as to entertain
their offer, and could never afterwards be
loosed from them , but were knit fast together
at their nether parts, from whence they grew
together and took root together, and their
fingers began to spring out with branches
and crooked wires as if they were ready to
bring out fruit : whereupon we forsook them
and fled to our ships, and told the company at
our coming what had betide unto us, how our
24 ΑΛΗΘΟΥΣ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑΣ. ΑΑ .. 10
ΙΟ.

την ομπελομιξίαν. και δη λαβόντες αμ

φορέας τινας και ύδρευσάμενοί τε άμα
και εκ του ποταμού οίνισάμενοι και αυτού
πλησίον επί της ήίόνος αυλισάμενοι έωθεν
ανήχθημεν ου σφόδρα βιαίω πνεύματι
περί μεσημβρίαν δε ουκέτι της νήσου
φαινομένης άφνω τυφών επιγενόμενος και
περιδινήσας την ναύν και μετεωρίσας όσον
επί σταδίους τρισχιλίους ουκέτι καθήκες
εις το πέλαγος, αλλ' άνω μετέωρον
εξαπηρτημένην άνεμος έμπεσων τοϊς ιστίοις
έφερε κυρτώσας την οθόνην.
10. Επτα δε ημέρας και τας ίσας
νύκτας αεροδρομήσαντες ογδόη καθορώμεν
γήν τινα μεγάλην εν τω αέρι καθάπερ
νησον, λαμπραν και σφαιροειδή και φωτί
 TRUE HISTORY . 25

fellows were entangled, and of their copulation

with the vines. Then we took certain of our

vessels and filled them, some with water and

some with wine out of the river, and lodged
for that night near the shore.
On the morrow we put to sea again, the
wind serving us weakly, but about noon, when
we had lost sight of the island, upon a sudden
a whirlwind caught us, which turned our ship
round about, and lifted us up some three
thousand furlongs into the air, and suffered
us not to settle again into the sea, but we
hung above ground , and were carried aloft
The Island
with a mighty wind which filled our sails of the Moon .

strongly. Thus for seven days' space and so

many nights were we driven along in that
manner, and on the eighth day we came in
26 ΑΛΗΘΟΥΣ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑΣ . Α. ΙΙ.

μεγάλω καταλαμπομένην προσενεχθέντες

δε αυτή και ορμισάμενοι απέβημεν, επι
σκοπούντες δε την χώραν ευρίσκομεν οί
κουμένην τε και γεωργουμένην. ημέρας
μεν ούν ουδέν αυτόθεν καθεωρώμεν, νυκτος
δε επιγενομένης εφαίνοντο ημίν και άλλαι
πολλαι νήσοι πλησίον , αι μεν μείζoυς , αι
δε μικρότεραι, πυρί την χρόαν προσεoικυίαι,
και άλλη δε τις γη κάτω και πόλεις εν
αυτή και ποταμούς έχουσα και πελάγη
και ύλας και όρη. ταύτην ούν την καθ'
ημάς οικουμένην εικάζομεν.
11. Δόξαν δε ημϊν και έτι πορρωτέρω
.

προελθεϊν, ξυνελήφθημεν τοϊς Ιππογύποις

παρ' αυτούς καλουμένοις απαντήσαντες, οι
δε Ιππότυποι ουτοί είσιν άνδρες επί γυπων
 TRUE HISTORY. 27

What wind
view of a great country in the air, like to a blew them
thither.
shining island, of aa round proportion, gloriously
glittering with light, and approaching to it, we
there arrived, and took land , and surveying the
country, we found it to be both inhabited and
husbanded : and as long as the day lasted we He closely
taxes their
opinion who
could see nothing there, but when night was Moon
hold the, and
Sun,
Stars to

come many other islands appeared unto us, countrie

inhabiteds.

some greater and some less , all of the colour of

fire, and another kind of earth underneath, in
which were cities and seas and rivers and

woods and mountains, which we conjectured

to be the earth by us inhabited : and going
further into the land , we were met withal and
taken by those kind of people which they call
A made word
Hippogypians. These Hippogypians are men signifying
horse-vultures,
riding upon monstrous vultures , which they horses,orPumulia
28 ΑΛΗΘΟΥΣ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑΣ . Α . ΙΙ .

μεγάλων οχούμενοι και καθάπερ ίπποις

τοϊς ορνέοις χρώμενοι μεγάλοι γαρ οι
γύπες και ως επίπαν τρικέφαλοι. μάθοι
δ' άν τις το μέγεθος αυτών εντεύθεν
νεως γαρ μεγάλης φορτίδος ιστού έκαστον
των πτερων μακρότερον και παχύτερον
φέρoυσι . τούτοις ούν τοϊς Ιππογύποις προσ
/

τέτακται περιπετομένοις την γην, ει' τις

ευρεθείη ξένος, ανάγειν ως τον βασιλέα
και δη και ημάς ξυλλαβόντες ανάγουσιν
C

ως αυτόν. ο δε θεασάμενος και από της

O

θέας και της στολής εικάσας , “Έλληνες

άρα , έφη, υμείς, ώ ξένοι και συμφησάντων
δέ, Πώς oύν αφίκεσθε, έφη, τοσούτον αέρα
διελθόντες ; και ημείς το πάν αυτώ διη
γούμεθα και ος αρξάμενος το καθ' αυ
 TRUE HISTORY. 29

ture-riders :
use instead of horses : for the vultures there and so are the
follow ,
are exceeding great, everyone with three and
namescomposed
coined
for his pur
heads apiece : you may imagine their greatness pose.
by this, for every feather in their wings was
bigger and longer than the mast of a tall ship :
their charge was to fly about the country, and
all the strangers they found to bring them to
the king : and their fortune was then to seize
upon us, and by them we were presented to
him . As soon as he saw us, he conjectured by
our habit what countrymen we were, and said,
Are not you , strangers, Grecians ? which when
we affirmed, And how could you make way,
said he, through so much air as to get hither ?
Then we delivered the whole discourse of our

fortunes to him ; whereupon he began to tell

30 ΑΛΗΘΟΥΣ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑΣ . Α. 12.

τον ημϊν διεξήει, ως και αυτός άνθ,ρωπος

ών τούνομα 'Ενδυμίων από της ημετέρας
γης καθεύδων άναρπασθείη ποτέ και άφι
κόμενος βασιλεύσεις της χώρας είναι δε
την γήν εκείνην έλεγε την ημϊν κάτω
φαινομένην Σελήνην. αλλά θαρρεϊν τε
παρεκελεύετο και μηδένα κίνδυνον υφορά
σθαι πάντα γαρ ημϊν παρέσεσθαι ών
δεόμεθα .
12. "Ην δε και κατορθώσω, έφη, τον πόλε
μον, ον εκφέρω νυν προς τους τον ήλιον
κατοικούντας , απάντων ευδαιμονέστατα παρ'
έμοι καταβιώσεσθε. και ημείς ήρόμεθα
τίνες τε είεν οι πολέμιοι και την αιτίαν
.

της διαφοράς : ο δε Φαέθων, φησίν, και

των έν τώ ηλίω κατοικούντων βασιλεύς –
 TRUE HISTORY . 30

us likewise of his own adventures, how that

he also was a man, by name Endymion, and Icaromen.C.
rapt up long since from the earth as he was
asleep, and brought hither, where he was
made king of the country, and said it was
that region which to us below seemed to be
the moon ; but he bade us be of good cheer Endymion,
King of the
Moon .
and fear no danger, for we should want nothing
we stood in need of : and if the war he was
now in hand withal against the sun succeeded
fortunately, we should live with him in the
highest degree of happiness. Then we asked
of him what enemies he had , and the cause of
the quarrel : and he answered, Phaethon, the PhæbuThe son of
s and
Clymiene, who
king of the inhabitants of the sun ( for that edhaving obtain
leave to ride
day about
is also peopled as well as the moon), hath made ene world in
32 ΑΛΗΘΟΥΣ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑΣ. Α . 12.

οικείται γαρ δή κακείνος ώσπερ και η

Σελήνη – πολύν ήδη προς ημάς πολεμεί
χρόνον. ήρξατο δε εξ αιτίας τοιαύτης :
των εν τη αρχή τη έμή ποτε τους
απορωτάτους συναγαγών εβoυλήθην αποικίαν
ες τον Εωσφόρον στείλαι, όντα έρημον
C

και υπό μηδενός κατοικούμενον ' ο τοίνυν

O

Φαέθων φθονήσας έκώλυε την αποικίαν

κατά μέσον τον πόρον απαντήσας επί των
Ιππομυρμήκων. τότε μεν ουν νικηθέντες –
ου γαρ ήμεν αντίπαλοι τη παρασκευή
ανεχωρήσαμεν νύν δε βούλομαι αύθις
εξενεγκεϊν τον πόλεμον και αποστείλει
την αποικίαν. ήν ούν εθέλητε, κοινωνήσατε
μοι του στόλου , γύπας δε υμίν εγώ παρέξω
των βασιλικών ένα εκάστω και την άλλη,
 TRUE HISTORY. 33

war against us a long time upon this occasion : chariot,

his father's
though
sore against his
I once assembled all the poor people and needy will,
unskilfuby his
l driv
ing scorched a
persons within my dominions, purposing to great part of
,
send a colony to inhabit the Morning Star, fore
and searchstruck
and
a

because the country was desert and had nobody thunderbolt og

Jupiter. Ovid.
dwelling in it. This Phaethon envying, crossed Met.
me in my design, and sent his Hippomyrmicks
to meet with us in the midway, by whom we
were surprised at that time, being not prepared
for an encounter, and were forced to retire :
now therefore my purpose is once again to
denounce war and publish a plantation of
people there : if therefore you will participate
with us in our expedition, I will furnish you
every one with a prime vulture and all
one with

armour answerable for service, for to -morrow

D
34 ΑΛΗΘΟΥΣ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑΣ. Α. 13.

όπλισιν ' αύριον δε ποιησόμεθα την έξοδον.

Ούτως, έφη , εγώ, γιγνέσθω, επειδή σοι
δοκεί.

13. Τότε μεν ούν παρ' αυτώ εστιαθέντες

εμείναμεν, έωθεν δε διαναστάντες έταττό
μεθα και γαρ οι σκοποί εσήμαινον πλη
σίον είναι τους πολεμίους. το μεν ούν
πλήθος της στρατιάς δέκα μυριάδες εγέ
νοντο άνευ των σκευοφόρων και των μη
χανοποιών και των πεζών και των ξένων
συμμάχων τούτων δε οκτακισμύριοι μεν
ήσαν οι Ιππότυποι, δισμύριοι δε οι επί
των λαχανοπτέρων. όρνεον δε και τούτο
εστι μέγιστον, αντί των πτερων λαχάνοις
πάντη λάσιον, τα δε ώκύπτερα έχει θρι
δακίνης φύλλοις μάλιστα προσεοικότα .
 TRUE HISTORY. 35

we must set forwards. With all our hearts,

said I, if it please you. Then were we feasted
The morn .
and abode with him , and in the morning ing The
there, but
the evening
arose to set ourselves in order of battle, for here.
our scouts had given us knowledge that the
enemy was at hand . Our forces in number
amounted to an hundred thousand, besides
such as bare burthens and engineers, and the
foot forces and the strange aids : of these,
fourscore thousand were Hippogypians, and
The number
twenty thousand that rode upon Lachanopters, of theirforces.
which is a mighty great fowl, and instead of
feathers covered thick over with wort leaves ;
but their wing feathers were much like the
leaves of lettuces : after them were placed the
Cenchrobolians and the Scorodomachians :

D 2
 Σ Σ
36 ΑΛΗΘΟΥ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑ . Α. 13 .

επί δε τούτοις οι Κεγχροβόλοι έτετάχατο

και οι Σκορoδoμάχοι. ήλθον δε αυτώ και
από της "Αρκτου σύμμαχοι, τρισμύριοι μεν
Ψυλλoτοξόται, πεντακισμύριοι δε 'Ανεμοδρό
μοι" τούτων δ' οι μεν Ψυλλoτοξόται επί
ψυλλων μεγάλων εππάζονται, όθεν και την
προσηγορίαν έχουσι μέγεθος δε των ψυλλών
όσον δώδεκα ελέφαντες οι δε 'Ανεμοδρόμοι
πεζοί μέν εισι, φέρονται δε εν τω αέρι
άνευ πτερών και δε τρόπος της φοράς
τoιόσδε χιτώνας ποδήρεις υποζωσάμενοι,
κολπώσαντες αυτούς των ανέμω καθάπερ
ιστία φέρονται ώσπερ τα σκάφη. τα πολλα
δ' οι τοιούτοι εν ταις μάχαις πελτασται
είσιν. έλέγοντο δε και απ' των υπέρ της
Καππαδοκίαν αστέρων ήξειν Στρουθοβάλανοι
 TRUE HISTORY. 37

there came also to aid us from the Bear Star

and fifty
thirty thousand Psyllotoxotans, and
thousand Anemodromians : these Psyllotoxo
tans ride upon great fleas, of which they have
their denomination , for every flea among them
is as big as a dozen elephants : the Anemo
dromians are footmen , yet flew in the air
without feathers in this manner : every man
had a large mantle reaching down to his foot,
which the wind blowing against, filled it like
a sail , and they were carried along as if they
had been boats : the most part of these in
targeteerss.
fight were targeteer It was said also that
there were expected from the stars over
Cappadocia threescore and ten thousand
Struthobalanians and five thousand Hippo
 ΘΟΥΣ
ΟΡΙΑΣ
38 ΑΛΗ ΙΣΤ . Α . 14 , 15 .

μεν επτακισμύριοι, Ιππογέρανοι δε πεντα

κισχίλιοι. τούτους εγω ουκ εθεασάμην ου
γαρ αφίκοντο. διόπερ ουδε γράψαι τας
φύσεις αυτών ετόλμησα. τεράστια γαρ και
άπιστα περί αυτών ελέγοντο.
C

Αίτη μεν η τού 'Ενδυμίωνος δύναμις

14.

ήν. σκευη δε πάντων και αυτή κράνη μεν

από των κυάμων" μεγάλοι γαρ παρ'
αυτούς οι κύαμοι και καρτεροί θώρακες
δε φολιδωτοι πάντες θέρμινοι " τα γαρ
λέπη των θέρμων συρράπτοντες ποιούνται
θώρακας " άρρηκτον δ' εκεί γίγνεται του
θέρμου το λέπος ώσπερ κέρας ασπίδες
δε και ξίφη οία τα Ελληνικά.
15. Επειδή δε καιρός ήν, ετάξαντο ώδε .
το μεν δεξιον κέρας είχον οι Ιππότυποι
 TRUE HISTORY. 39

geranians, but I had no sight of them, for

they were not yet come, and therefore I
durst write nothing, though wonderful and
incredible reports were given out of them.
This was the number of Endymion's army ;
the furniture was all alike ; their helmets of
bean hulls, which are great with them and
very strong ; their breastplates all of lupins
cut into scales, for they take the shells of
lupins, and fastening them together, make
breastplates of them which are impenetrable
and as hard as any horn : their shields and The order
of Endymion's
battle.
swords like to ours in Greece : and when the

time of battle was come, they were ordered in

this manner. The right wing was supplied by

the Hippogypians, where the king himself was

40 ΑΛΗΘΟΥΣ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑΣ . Α . 16.

και ο βασιλεύς τους αρίστους περί αυτόν

έχων και ημείς εν τούτοις ήμεν" το δε
ευώνυμον οι Λαχανόπτεροι" το δε μέσον οι
σύμμαχοι ως έκαστοι . το δε πεζών ήσαν
μεν αμφί τας εξακισχιλίας μυριάδας.
ετάχθησαν δε ούτως αράχναι παρ' αυτούς
πολλοί και μεγάλοι γίνονται πολύ των
Κυκλάδων νήσων έκαστος μείζων. τούτοις
προσέταξε διυφήναι τον μεταξύ της Σελήνης
και του Εωσφόρου αέρα. ώς δε τάχιστα
εξειργάσαντο και πεδίον εποίησαν, επί
τούτου παρέταξε το πεζόν: ηγείτο δε
αυτών Νυκτερίων και Ειδιάνακτος τρίτος
αυτός.
10. Των δε πολεμίων το μεν ευώνυμος
είχον οι Ιππoμύρμηκες και εν αυτούς και
 !! NEW YORK
T
PUBLIC LIBRA

AJYOR , LENO I
D ATORI
VOXN FOUN ,
yo
 TRUE HISTORY

in person with the choicest soldiers in the

army, among whom we also were ranged :the
Lachatiopters made the left wing, and the
gids were placed in the main battle as every
man's fortune fell : the, foot, which in number
were about six thousand myriads, were dis
posed of in this manner : there are many
spiders in those parts of nighty bigness
every one in quantity exceeding one of the
Islands Cyclades : these were appointed to
spin a web in the air between the Moon and
the Morning Star, which was done in an
instant, and made a plain champaign upon
which the foot forces were planted , who had
for their leader Nycterion ,the son of Eudianas.
and two other associates
But of the enemy's side the left wing con
sisted of the Hippomyrmicks, and among them
 TRUE HISTORY. 41

in person with the choicest soldiers in the

army, among whom we also were ranged : the
Lachanopters made the left wing, and the
aids were placed in the main battle as every
man's fortune fell : the foot, which in number
were about six thousand myriads, were dis
posed of in this manner : there are many
spiders in those parts of mighty bigness ,
every one in quantity exceeding one of the
Islands Cyclades : these were appointed to the greanin
Sea , in number

spin a web in the air between the Moon and 13.

the Morning Star, which was done in an
instant, and made a plain champaign upon
which the foot forces were planted , who had
for their leader Nycterion , the son of Eudianax , The order
of Phaethon's
battle.
and two other associates.

But of the enemy's side the left wing con

sisted of the Hippomyrmicks, and among them
42 ΑΛΗΘΟΥΣ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑΣ. Α. 16.

Φαέθων" θηρία δέ έστι μέγιστα , υπόπτερα,

τοϊς παρ' ημίν μύρμηξι προσεοικότα πλην
του μεγέθους και γαρ μέγιστος αυτών και
δίπλεθρος ήν. εμάχοντο δε ου μόνον οι επ'
αυτών, αλλά και αυτοί μάλιστα τους κέρα
σιν ελέγοντο δε ούτοι είναι αμφί τας
πέντε μυριάδας. επί δε του δεξιού αυτών
ετάχθησαν οι 'Αεροκώνωπες, όντες και
ούτοι αμφί τας πέντε μυριάδας, πάντες
τοξόται κώνωψι μεγάλοις εποχούμενοι μετα
δε τούτους οι Αεροκάρδακες, ψιλοί τε όντες
και πεζοί, πλην μάχιμοί γε και ουτοι
πόρρωθεν γαρ έσφενδόνων ραφανίδας υπερ
>

μεγέθεις, και ο βληθείς ουδ ' επ ' ολίγον

αντέχειν ηδύνατο, απέθνησκε δε, δυσωδίας
τινός τα τραύματι έγγινομένης έλέγοντο
 TEL NEW YORK
PUBLIC LIBRARY

ASTOR , LENOX ONS

WIDT.N FOUNDATI
TID

ma

JB- Clark
velicin • 1894
 TRUL HISTORY

Phaethon himself these are beasts of huge

Digness and winged, carrying the resemblancs
of our emmets,butfor their greatness for
those of thelargest size were of the quantity
of two acres, and not only the riders supplied
the place of soldiers, but they also did much
mischief with theirhorns: they were in number
fifty thousand. In the right wing wore i
the Aeroconopes, of which there were
about fifty thousand, all archers riding
great gnats : then followed the Aerocardakes ,
who were liglat armed and footmen, but good
soldiers, casting out of slings afar oft huge
great turnips, and whosoever was hit with
them lived not long after, but died with the
stink that proceeded from their wounds it is
SD Clan
 TRUE HISTORY. 43

Phaethon himself : these are beasts of huge

bigness and winged, carrying the resemblance
of our emmets, but for their greatness : for
those of the largest size were of the quantity
of two acres, and not only the riders supplied
the place of soldiers, but they also did much
mischief with their horns : they were in number
fifty thousand. In the right wing were ranged
the Aeroconopes, of which there were also
about fifty thousand, all archers riding upon
great gnats : then followed the Aerocardakes,
who were light armed and footmen, but good
soldiers, casting out of slings afar off huge
great turnips, and whosoever was hit with
them lived not long after, but died with the
stink that proceeded from their wounds : it is
44 ΑΛΗΘΟΥΣ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑΣ. Α . 16.

δε χρίειν τα βέλη μαλάκης Ιω. έχόμενοι

δε αυτών ετάχθησαν οι Καυλομύκητες,
οπλίται όντες και άγχέμαχοι το πλήθος
μύριοι εκλήθησαν δε Καυλομύκητες , ότι
ασπίσι μεν μυκητίναις έχρώντο,
, δόρασι δε

καυλίνoις τους από των ασπαράγων. πλησίον

δε αυτών οι Κυνοβάλανοι έστησαν, ούς
έπεμψαν αυτώ οι τον Σείριον κατοικούντες ,
πεντακισχίλιοι και ούτοι, άνδρες κυνοπρόσω
ποι επί βαλάνων πτερωτών μαχόμενοι.
ελέγοντο δε κακείνων υστερίζειν των συμ
μάχων ούς τε από του Γαλαξίου μετεπέμ
πετο σφενδονήτας και οι Νεφελοκένταυροι.
αλλ ' εκείνοι μεν της μάχης ήδη κεκριμένης
αφίκοντο, ως μήποτε ώφελον" οι σφενδονή
ται δε ουδε όλως παρεγένοντο, διόπερ φασίν
 TRUE HISTORY. 45

said they use to anoint their bullets with

the poison of mallows. After them were

placed the Caulomycetes, men -at -arms and

good at hand strokes, in number about
fifty thousand : they are called Caulomycetes
because their shields were made of mush

rooms and their spears of the stalks of the

herb asparagus : near unto them were placed
the Cynobalanians, that were sent from the
Dogstar to aid him : these were men with
dogs' faces, riding upon winged acorns : but
the slingers that should have come out of
Via Lactea, and the Nephelocentaurs came too
short of these aids , for the battle was done
before their arrival , so that they did them no
good : and indeed the slingers came not at
 ΟΥΣ ΡΙΑΣ
46 ΑΛΗΘ Ι Σ Τ Ο
. Α. 17 .

αυτοίς ύστερον οργισθέντα τον Φαέθοντα

πυρπολήσαι την χώραν. τοιαύτη μεν και ο
Φαέθων επήει παρασκευή .
17.
Συμμίξαντες δε επειδή τα σημεία
ήρθη και έγκήσαντο εκατέρων οι όνοι –
τούτοις γαρ αντί σαλπιγκτών χρώνται –
εμάχοντο. και το μεν ευώνυμον των
Ηλιωτών αυτίκα έφυγον ουδ' εις χείρας
δεξάμενοι τους Ιππογύπους, και ημείς είπό
μεθα κτείνοντες το δεξιόν δε αυτών εκράτει
του επί των ημετέρω ευωνύμου, και επεξήλ
θον οι 'Αεροκώνωπες διώκοντες άχρι προς
τους πεζούς. ενταύθα δε κακείνων επιβοη
θούντων έφυγον έγκλίναντες, και μάλιστα
επει ήσθοντο τους επί τω ευωνύμω σφών
νενικημένους. της δε τροπής λαμπράς
 TRUE HISTORY. 47

all, wherefore they say Phaethon in displeasure

over -ran their country. These were the forces
that Phaethon brought into the field : and
when they were joined in battle, after the
signal was given, and when the asses on
either side had brayed ( for these are to them
instead, of trumpets), the fight began, and The fight.

the left wing of the Heliotans, or Sun soldiers,

fled presently and would not abide to receive
the charge of the Hippogypians, but turned
their backs immediately, and many were put
to the sword : but the right wing of theirs
were too hard for our left wing, and drove
them back till they came to our footmen , who
joining with them , made the enemies there
also turn their backs and fly, especially when
they found their own left wing to be over
 ΥΣ Σ
Ο ΡΙΑ
ΗΘ ΤΟ
48 ΑΛ ΙΣ . Α . 18 .

γεγενημένης πολλοί μέν ζώντες ηλίσκοντο,

πολλοί δε και ανηρούντο, και το αίμα
έρρει πολύ μεν επί των νεφών , ώστε
αυτα βάπτεσθαι και ερυθρά φαίνεσθαι, οία
παρ' ημίν δυομένου του ηλίου φαίνεται,
πολύ δε και εις την γην κατέσταζεν,
ώστε με εικάζειν, μή άρα τοιούτου τινός
και πάλαι άνω γενομένου "Ομηρος υπέ
λαβεν αίματι υσαι τον Δία επί τω του
Σαρπηδόνος θανάτω.
18. 'Αναστρέψαντες δε από της διώξεως
δύο τρόπαια εστήσαμεν, το μεν επί των
αραχνίων της πεζoμαχίας, το δε της
αερομαχίας επί των νεφών . άρτι δε τού
των γιγνομένων ήγγέλλοντο υπό των σκοπών
οι Νεφελοκένταυροι προσελαύνοντες, ούς έδει
 TRUE HISTORY. 49

thrown. Thus were they wholly discomfited

on all hands ; many were taken prisoners,
and many slain ; much blood was spilt ; some
fell upon the clouds, which made them look
of a red colour, as sometimes they appear to
us about sun-setting ; some dropped down
upon the earth, which made me suppose it
was upon some such occasion that Homer
thought Jupiter rained blood for the death of 459.Iliad,xvi.,
his son Sarpedon. Returning from the pur
suit, we erected two trophies : one for the
fight on foot, which we placed upon the
spiders' web : the other for the fight in the
air, which we set up upon the clouds. As

soon as this was done, news came to us by

our scouts that the Nephelocentaurs were
coming on, which indeed should have come

E
50 ΑΛΗΘΟΥΣ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑΣ . Α. Ι8.

προ της μάχης ελθείν τω Φαέθοντι. και

δη εφαίνοντο προσιόντες, θέαμα παραδοξό
τατον, εξ ίππων πτερωτών και ανθρώπων
συγκείμενοι" μέγεθος δε των μεν ανθρώπων
όσον του Ροδίων κολοσσού εξ ημισείας ές
το άνω, των δε ίππων όσον νεως μεγάλης
φορτίδος. το μέντοι πλήθος αυτών ουκ
ανέγραψα , μή τω και άπιστον δόξη,
τοσούτον ήν. ηγείτο δε αυτών και εκ του
Ζωδιακού τοξότης. επεί δε ήσθοντο τους
φίλους νενικημένους, επί μεν τον Φαέθοντα
έπεμπον άγγελίαν αύθις επιέναι, αυτοί δε
διαταξάμενοι τεταραγμένοις επιπίπτουσι τοις
Σεληνίταις , ατάκτοις περί την δίωξιν και
τα λάφυρα διεσκεδασμένοις και πάντας
μεν τρέπουσιν , αυτόν δε τον βασιλέα
 TRUE HISTORY . 51

to Phaethon before the fight. And when they

drew so near unto us that we could take full

view of them, it was a strange sight to behold

such monsters, composed of flying horses and
men : that part which resembled mankind,
which was from the waist upwards, did equal
in greatness the Rhodian Colossus, and that Icaromen.y.
which was like a horse was as big as a great
ship of burden : and of such multitude that
I was fearful to set down their number lest

it might be taken for a lie : and for their

Chiron the
leader they had the Sagittarius out of the Centaur, who
was translated
Zodiac. When they heard that their friends into heaven,
of the 12 signs
were foiled, they sent a messenger to Phaethon of the Zodiac.
to renew the fight: whereupon they set them
selves in array, and fell upon the Selenitans or
the Moon soldiers that were troubled , and

E 2
52 ΑΛΗΘΟΥΣ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑΣ . Α. 19.

αταδιώκουσι προς την πόλιν και τα

κατ

πλείστα των ορνέων αυτού κτείνουσιν

ανέσπασαν δε και τα τρόπαια και κατέ
δραμον άπαν το υπό των αραχνών πεδίον
υφασμένον, έμε δε και δύο τινας των
εταίρων έζώγρησαν. ήδη δε παρών και ο
Φαέθων και άλλα αύθις τρόπαια υπ ' εκεί
νων ίστατο . ημείς μεν ούν απαγόμεθα ες
τον " Ήλιον αυθημερόν τω χείρε οπίσω
δεθέντες αραχνίου αποκόμματι .
19. Οι δε πολιορκεϊν μεν ουκ έγνωσαν
την πόλιν, αναστρέψαντες δε το μεταξύ
του αέρος απετείχιζον, ώστε μηκέτι τας
αυγας από του Ηλίου προς την Σελήνης
διήκειν. το δε τείχος ήν διπλούν, νεφελω
τόν · ώστε σαφής έκλειψις της Σελήνης
 in
mess
TRUE HISTORY.
Jo.me 55

eclipse of the Moon ensued , and all things

detained in perpetual night : wherewith
Endymion was so much oppressed that he
sent ambassadors to entreat the demolishing
of the building, and beseech him that he
would not damn them to live in darkness,
promising to pay him tribute, to be his friend
and associate, and never after to stir against
him . Phaethon's council twice assembled to
consider upon this offer, and in their first
meeting would remit nothing of their conceived
displeasure, but on the morrow they altered
their minds to these terms. “ The Heliotans

and their colleagues have made a peace with

the Selenitans and their associates upon these
conditions , that the Heliotans shall cast down
the wall, and deliver the prisoners that they
 ΑΣ
56 ΙΘΟΥΣ ΙΣΤΟΡΙ . Α . 20 .

μηκέτι ες . η Σελήνην έσβάλλειν, απο

. 0

δούναι δε και τους αιχμαλώτους ρητου

έκαστον χρήματος, τους δε Σεληνίτας
αφεϊναι μεν αυτονόμους τους γε άλλους
αστέρας, όπλα δε μη επιφέρειν τοϊς
Ηλιώταις , συμμαχεϊν δε τη αλλήλων, ήν
τις επίη φόρον δε υποτελεϊν εκάστου
έτους τον βασιλέα των Σεληνιτών τω
βασιλεϊ τών Ηλιωτών δρόσου αμφορέας
μυρίους, και ομήρους δε σφών αυτών
δούναι μυρίους, την δε αποικίαν την ές
τον Εωσφόρον κοινήν ποιείσθαι και μετέ
χειν των άλλων τον βουλόμενον" έγγράψαι
δε τας συνθήκας στήλη ηλεκτρίνη και
αναστήσαι εν μέσω τω αέρι επί τοις
μεθορίοις. ώμοσαν δε Ηλιωτών μεν Πυρω
 TRUE HISTORY . 57

have taken upon a ratable ransSin : and that

the Selenitans should leave the other stars

at liberty, and raise no war against the
Heliotans, but aid and assist one another if
either of them should be invaded : that the

king of the Selenitans should yearly pay to

the king of the Heliotans in way of tribute ten
thousand vessels of dew, and deliver ten
thousand of their people to be pledges for
their fidelity : that the colony to be sent to
the Morning Star should be jointly supplied
by them both, and liberty given to any else
that would to be sharers in it : that these
articles of peace should be engraven in a
pillar of amber, to be erected in the midst
of the air upon the confines of their country :
for the performance whereof were sworn of of These names
the inhabi.
 ΟΥΣ ΡΙΑΣ
58 ΑΛΗΘ ΙΣΤΟ . Α . 21 .

νίδης και Θερίτης και Φλόγιος, Σεληνιτών

66

δε Νύκτωρ και Μήνιος και Πολυλαμπής . "

21. Τοιαύτη μεν η ειρήνη εγένετο ευθύς
.

δε το τείχος καθηρείτο και ημάς τους

αιχμαλώτους απέδοσαν. έπει δε αφικόμεθα
ές της Σελήνην, υπηντίαζον ημάς και
ήσπάζοντο μετα δακρύων οι τε εταίροι
και ο 'Ενδυμίων αυτός. και ο μεν ήξίου
O

μεϊναι τε παρ' αυτό και κοινωνείν της

αποικίας, υπισχνούμενος δώσειν προς γάμος
τον εαυτού παίδα' γυναίκες γαρ ουκ εισι
παρ' αυτούς. εγώ δε ουδαμώς έπειθόμην,
αλλ' ήξίουν αποπεμφθήναι κάτω ες την
θάλατταν. ως δε έγνω αδύνατον ον
πείθειν, αποπέμπει ημάς εστιάσας επτα
ημέρας.
 TRUE HISTORY. 59

the Heliotans, Pyronides and Therites and tantsareof the

from things
Phlogius : and of the Selenitans, Nyctor and the
belonging to
day ; those
of the Moon
Menius and Polylampes.” Thus was the peace from things
appertaining to
the night.
concluded, the wall immediately demolished,
and we that were prisoners delivered. Being
returned into the Moon, they came forth
to meet us, Endymion himself and all his
friends, who embraced us with tears , and
desired us to make our abode with him, and
to be partners in the colony, promising to
give me his own son in marriage (for there are
no women amongst them), which I by no
means would yield unto, but desired of all
loves to be dismissed again into the sea,
and he finding it impossible to persuade us
to his purpose, after seven days' feasting,
gave us leave to depart.
 ' 141

60
ΑΛΗΘΟΥΣ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑΣ. Α. 22.

22. “A δε εν τω μεταξύ διατρίβων εν

τη Σελήνη κατενόησα καινα και παράδοξα,
ταύτα βούλομαι είπεϊν. πρώτα μεν το μη
έκ γυναικών γεννάσθαι αυτούς, αλλ ' από
των αρρένων" γάμοις γαρ τοϊς άρρεσι
χρώνται και ουδε όνομα γυναικός όλως
ίσασι. μέχρι μεν ούν πέντε και είκοσιν
ετών γαμείται έκαστος, από δε τούτων
γαμεϊ αυτός κύουσι δε ουκ εν τη νηδύι,
αλλ ' εν ταϊς γαστροκνημίαις · επειδάν γαρ
συλλάβη το έμβρυον, παχύνεται η κνήμη,
και χρόνο ύστερον ανατεμόντες εξάγουσι
νεκρά, εκθέντες δε αυτά προς τον άνεμον
κεχηνότα ζωοποιούσι. δοκεϊ δέ μοι και ές
τους Έλληνας εκείθεν ήκειν της γαστροκ
νημίας τούνομα, ότι παρ' εκείνοις αντί
 TRUE HISTORY. 61

The strange
Now , what strange novelties worthy of novelties he
observed in
note I observed during the time of my abode those parts.
there, I will relate unto you. The first is, that
they are not begotten of women, but of man
kind : for they have no other marriage but
of males : the name of women is utterly
unknown among them : until they accomp
lish the age of five and twenty years, they
are given in marriage to others : from that
time forwards they take others in marriage
to themselves : for as soon as the infant is
conceived the leg begins to swell, and after
wards when the time of birth is come, they
give it a lance and take it out dead : then they
lay it abroad with open mouth towards the Why that
parl which we
wind, and so it takes life : and I think thereof isGrecians
calledby the
the
the Grecians call it the belly of the leg, because belly of the
62 ΑΛΗΘΟΥΣ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑΣ . Α. 23.

γαστρος κυοφορεί. μείζον δε τούτου άλλο

διηγήσομαι. γένος έστι παρ' αυτούς ανθρώ
πως οι καλούμενοι Δενδρϊται, γίνεται δε
τον τρόπον τούτον όρχις ανθρώπου τον
δεξιών αποτεμόντες εν γή φυτεύουσιν, εκ
δε αυτού δένδρον αναφύεται μέγιστον,
σάρκινον, οίον φαλλός έχει δε και κλάδους
και φύλλα και δε καρπός έστι βάλανοι
πηχυαίαι το μέγεθος. επειδαν ούν πεπαν
θώσι, τρυγήσαντες αυτας εκκολάπτουσι
τους ανθρώπους . αιδοία μέντοι πρόσθετα
έχoυσιν οι μεν ελεφάντινα , οι δε πένητες
αυτών ξύλινα, και δια τούτων οχεύουσι και
πλησιάζουσι τοϊς γαμέταις τους εαυτών .
23. Επειδαν δε γηράση ο άνθρωπος, ουκ
αποθνήσκει , αλλ' ώσπερ οΟ καπνός διαλυό
 TRUE HISTORY . 63

therein they bear their children instead of

a belly. I will tell you now of a thing more
strange than this .
There are a kind of men
among them called Dendritans, which are
begotten in this manner : they cut out the
right stone out of a man's cod , and set it in
their ground, from which springeth up a
great tree of flesh, with branches and leaves,
bearing a kind of fruit much like to an acorn,
but of a cubit in length, which they gather
when they are ripe, and cut men out of them :
their privy members are to be set on and
taken off as they have occasion : rich men
have them made of ivory, poor men of wood ,
wherewith they perform the act of generation
and accompany their spouses.
When a man is come to his full age he dieth
64 ΑΛΗΘΟΥΣ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑΣ . Α. 23.

μενος αήρ γίνεται. τροφή δε πάσιν η

αυτή επειδαν γαρ πύρ ανακαύσωσι , βατ
ράχους οπτώσιν επί των ανθράκων πολλοί
δε παρ ' αυτούς είσιν εν τώ αέρι πετόμενοι
όπτωμένων δε περικαθεζόμενοι ώσπερ δή
περί τράπεζαν λάπτουσι τον αναθυμιώμενον
καπνόν και ευωχούνται. σίτω μεν δή τρέ
φονται τοιούτω " ποτόν δε αυτούς έστιν
αήρ αποθλιβόμενος ές κύλικα υγρόν άνιείς
ώσπερ δρόσον. ου μην απουρούσί γε και
αφοδεύουσιν, αλλ' ουδε τέτρηνται ήπερ
ημείς · αλλ' ουδε την συνουσίαν οι παίδες
εν ταϊς έδρας παρέχουσιν, αλλ' εν ταϊς
ιγνύσιν υπέρ της γαστροκνημίαν εκεί
γάρ εισι τετρημένοι. καλός δε νομίζεται
παρ ' αυτούς ήν που τις φαλακρός και
 TRUE HISTORY. 65

not, but is dissolved like smoke and is turned

into air. One kind of food is common to them Their food.

all , for they kindle aa fire and broil frogs upon the
coals, which are with them in infinite numbers
flying in the air, and whilst they are broiling,
they sit round about them as it were about a
table, and lap up the smoke that riseth from
them , and feast themselves therewith, and
this is all their feeding. For their drink they Their drink..
have air beaten in a mortar, which yieldeth
a kind of moisture much like unto dew. They
have no avoidance of excrements, either of
urine or dung, neither have they any issue
for that purpose like unto us. Their boys
admit opulation , not like unto ours , but
in their hams , a little above the calf of
the leg, for there they are open. They hold

F
66 ΑΛΗΘΟΥΣ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑΣ . ΑΑ.. 24.

άκομος ή, τους δε κομήτας και μυσάττονται.

επί δε των κομητών αστέρων τουναντίον
τους κομήτας νομίζουσι καλούς επεδήμουν
γάρ τινες, οι και περί εκείνων διηγούντο.
και μην και γένεια φύoυσι μικρόν υπέρ τα
γόνατα. και όνυχας εν τοις ποσίν ουκ
έχoυσιν , αλλά πάντες εισί μονοδάκτυλοι.
υπέρ δε τας πυγάς εκάστω αυτων κράμβη
εκπέφυκε μακρά ώσπερ ουρά, θάλλουσα ες
άει και υπτίου αναπίπτοντος ου κατακλω
μένη.
24 .
'Απομύττονται δε μέλι δριμύτατον
κάπειδαν ήη πονώσιν ή γυμνάζωνται, γά
λακτι πάν το σώμα ιδρoύσιν, ώστε και
τυρούς απ' αυτού πήγνυσθαι, ολίγον του
μέλιτος επιστάξαντες έλαιον δε ποιούνται
 TRUE HISTORY. 67

it a great ornament to be bald, for hairy Because that seem

to be hairy,
persons are abhorred with them, and yet and havetheir
name
from
thence.
among the stars that are comets it is thought
commendable , as some that have travelled
those coasts reported unto us. Such beards

as they have are growing a little above their

knees. They have no nails on their feet, for
their whole foot is all but one toe . Every
one of them at the point of his rump hath a
long colewort growing out instead of a tail,
always green and Aourishing, which though
a man fall upon his back, cannot be broken .
The dropping of their noses is more sweet than
honey. When they labour or exercise them
selves, they anoint their body with milk,
whereinto if a little of that honey chance to
drop, it will be turned into cheese. They

F 2
68 ΑΛΗΘΟΥΣ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑΣ . Α.. 25 .

από των κρομμύων πάνυ λιπαρόν τε και

ευώδες ώσπερ μύρον. αμπέλους δε πολλάς
έχoυσιν υδροφόρους αι γαρ ράγες των
βοτρύων εισίν ώσπερ χάλαζα, και μοι
δοκεϊ επειδαν έμπεσων άνεμος διασείση τας
αμπέλους εκείνας, τότε προς ημάς κατα
πίπτει η χάλαζα διαρραγέντων των βο
τρύων. τη μέντοι γε γαστρί όσα πήρα
χρώνται τιθέντες εν αύτη όσων δέονται:
ανοικτή γαρ αυτοϊς αύτη και πάλιν κλεί
στη έστιν έντερον δε ουδε ήπαρ εν αυτή
φαίνεται η τούτο μόνον, ότι δασεία πάσα
έντοσθεν και λάσιος έστιν, ώστε και τα
νεογνά, επειδαν ριγώσιν, ές ταύτην υπο
δύεται .
. 'Εσθης δε
25. τοις μεν πλουσίους υαλίνη
 TRUE HISTORY . 69

make very fat oil of their beans, and of as

delicate a savour as any sweet ointment. They
have many vines in those parts, which yield
them but water : for the grapes that hang upon
the clusters are like our hailstones : and I verily
think that when the vines there are shaken
The cause of
with a strong wind, there falls a storm of hail hail.

amongst us by the breaking down of those

kind of berries. Their bellies stand them

instead of satchels to put in their necessaries,

which they may open and shut at their
pleasure, for they have neither liver nor any
kind of entrails, only they are rough and hairy
within , so that when their young children are
cold, they may be enclosed therein to keep
them warm . The rich men have garments
70 ΑΛΗΘΟΥΣ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑΣ . Α . 25 .

μαλθακή, τοϊς πενησι δε χαλκή υφαντής

πολύχαλκα γαρ τα εκεί χωρία και εργά
ζονται τον χαλκόν ύδατι υποβρέξαντες ώσ
περ τα έρια . περί μέντοι των οφθαλμών,
οίους έχουσιν, όκνώ μεν ειπείν, μή τις με
νομίση ψεύδεσθαι δια το άπιστον του λόγου.
όμως δε και τούτο ερώ" τους οφθαλμούς
περιαιρετους έχουσι, και ο βουλόμενος εξε
)

λων τους αυτού τυφλώττει έστ' αν δεηθή

ιδείν ' ούτω δ' ενθέμενος δρά και πολλοί
τους σφετέρους απολέσαντες παρ ' άλλων
χρησάμενοι ρώσιν. εισί δ' οι και πολλούς
αποθέτους έχουσιν, οι πλούσιοι. τα ώτα δε
πλατάνων φύλλα έστιν αυτοίς πλήν γε
τοϊς από των βαλάνων εκείνοι γαρ μόνοι
ξύλινα έχoυσι.
 TRUE HISTORY. 71

of glass, very soft and delicate : the poorer

sort of brass woven, whereof they have great
plenty, which they enseam with water to make
it fit for the workman , as we do our wool. If
I should write what manner of eyes they have,
I doubt I should be taken for a liar in publish
ing a matter so incredible : yet I cannot choose
The like is
but tell it : for they have eyes to take in and feigned by the
Poets of the
out as please themselves : and when a man is sisters
Gorgons,three
so disposed, he may take them out and lay which between them
they
used by turns
them by till he have occasion to use them , and when they
went abroad .

then put them in and see again : many when

they have lost their own eyes, borrow of others,
for the rich have many lying by them. Their

ears are all made of the leaves of plane-trees,

excepting those that come of acorns, for they
only have them made of wood.
72 ΑΛΗΘΟΥΣ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑΣ . Α. 26, 27.

20. Και μην και άλλο θαύμα εν τοις

βασιλείοις έθεασάμην κάτοπτρον μέγιστον
κείται υπέρ φρέατος ου πάνυ βαθέος. αν
μεν ούν ες το φρέαρ καταβή τις, ακούει
πάντων των παρ' ημίν εν τη γή λεγομέ
νων, εαν δε ες το κάτοπτρον αποβλέψη,
πάσας μεν πόλεις, πάντα δε έθνη δρά ώσπερ
έφεστως εκάστους τότε και τους οικείους
εγώ εθεασάμην και πάσαν την πατρίδα,
ει δε κακείνοι έμε δώρων, ουκ έχω το
ασφαλές είπεϊν. όστις δε ταύτα μη πισ
τεύει ούτως έχειν, αν ποτε και αυτός
εκείσε αφίκηται,ι είσεται ως αληθή λέγω.
27. Τότε δ' ούν ασπασάμενοι τον βασιλέα
και τους αμφ' αυτόν εμβάντες ανήχθημεν
έμοι δε και δώρα έδωκεν ο 'Ενδυμίων, δύο
 TRUE HISTORY. 73

I saw also another strange thing in the same

court : a mighty great glass lying upon the top
of a pit of no great depth, whereinto, if any
man descend, he shall hear everything that is
spoken upon the earth : if he but look into
the glass, he shall see all cities and all nations
as well as if he were among them. There

had I the sight of all my friends and the whole

country about : whether they saw me or not
I cannot tell : but if they believe it not to be
so, let them take the pains to go thither them
selves and they shall find my words true.
Then we took our leaves of the king and such
as were near him, and took shipping and
departed : at which time Endymion bestowed
upon me two mantles made of their glass, and
74 ΑΛΗΘΟΥΣ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑΣ . Α. 28.

μεν των υαλίνων χιτώνων, πέντε δε χαλ

κούς, και πανοπλίαν θερμίνην, και πάντα εν
το κήτει κατέλιπον. συνέπεμψε δε ημίν
και Ιππογύπους χιλίους παραπέμψοντας
άχρι σταδίων πεντακοσίων .
28. Εν δε τώ παράπλω πολλάς μεν και
άλλας χώρας παραμείψαμεν, προσέσχομεν
δε και το Εωσφόρω άρτι συνοικιζομένω
και αποβάντες ύδρευσάμεθα. εμβάντες δε
εις τον Ζωδιακόν έν αριστερά παρήειμεν
τον ήλιον εν χρώ την γην παραπλέοντες'
ου γαρ απέβημεν καίτοι πολλα των εται
ρων επιθυμούντων, αλλ' ο άνεμος ουκ
έφηκεν. έθεώμεθα μέντοι την χώραν ευθαλή
τε και πίονα και εύυδρον και πολλών
αγαθών μεστήν. ιδόντες δε ημάς οι Νεφε
 TRUE HISTORY. 75

five of brass, with a complete armour of those

shells of lupins, all which I left behind me in
the whale : and sent with us a thousand of his
Hippogypians to conduct us five hundred

furlongs on our way . In our course we

coasted many other countries , and lastly

arrived at the Morning Star now newly

inhabited , where we landed and took in fresh
water : from thence we entered the Zodiac ,
passing by the Sun , and , leaving it on our
right hand , took our course near unto the shore ,
but landed not in the country, though our
company did much desire it, for the wind
would not give us leave : but we saw it was a
flourishing region, fat and well watered ,
abounding with all delights : but the Nephelo
centaurs espying us, wh who
o were mercenary
76 ΑΛΗΘΟΥΣ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑΣ . Α. 29.

λοκένταυροι, μισθοφορούντες [παρά τω Φαέ

θoντι, επέπτησαν επί την ναύν και μαθόντες
ένσπόνδους ανεχώρησαν.
20. ""Ήδη δε και οι Ιππότυποι απεληλύθε
σαν πλεύσαντες δε την επιούσαν νύκτα
και ημέραν περί εσπέραν άφικόμεθα ες
την Λυχνόπολιν καλουμένην, ήδη τον κάτω
πλούν διώκοντες . η δε πόλις αύτη κείται
μεταξύ του Πλειάδων και του Υάδων
αέρος, ταπεινοτέρα μέντοι πολύ του Ζωδία
κού . αποβάντες δε άνθρωπον μεν ουδένα
εύρομεν, λύχνους δε πολλούς περιθέοντας
και εν τη αγορά και περί τον λιμένα
διατρίβοντας , τους μεν μικρούς και ώσπερ
είπεϊν πένητας, ολίγους δε των μεγάλων
και δυνατών πάνυ λαμπρους και περιφανείς.
 TRUE HISTORY. 77

soldiers to Phaethon, made to our ship as fast

as they could, and finding us to be friends,
said no more unto us, for our Hyppogypians
were departed before. Then we made for
wards all the next night and day, and about
evening -tide following we came to a city called
The city of
Lychnopolis, still holding on our course down lights.
wards. This city is seated in the air between
the Pleiades and the Hyades, somewhat lower
than the Zodiac, and arriving there, not a man
was to be seen, but lights in great numbers
running to and fro, which were employed, some
in the market place, and some about the haven,
of which many were little, and as a man may
say,, but poor things ; some again were great
and mighty, exceeding glorious and resplen
78 ΑΛΗΘΟΥΣ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑΣ . Α. 20 .

οικήσεις δε αυτούς και λυχνεώνες ιδία εκά

στω πεποίηντο, και αυτοί ονόματα είχον,
ώσπερ οι άνθρωποι, και φωνήν προϊεμένων
ακούομεν, και ουδέν ημάς ήδίκουν, αλλά
και επί ξενία εκάλουν ημείς δε όμως
εφοβούμεθα, και ούτε δειπνήσαι ούτε υπνω
σαι τις ημών ετόλμησεν. αρχεία δε αυτούς
εν μέση τη πόλει πεποίηται, ένθα ο άρχων
αυτών δια νυκτός όλης κάθηται ονομαστι
καλών έκαστον ος δ' αν μη υπακούση,
καταδικάζεται αποθανείν ως λιπων την
τάξιν ο δε θάνατός έστι σβεσθήναι . παρ
εστώτες δε ημείς εωρώμεν τα γινόμενα
και ηκούομεν άμα των λύχνων απολογου
μένων και τας αιτίας λεγόντων δι ' ας
έβράδυνον. ένθα και τον ημέτερον λύχνον
 TRUE HISTORY. 79

dent, and there were places of receipt for them

all ; every one had his name as well as men ;
and we did hear them speak. These did us
no harm, but invited us to feast with them,
yet we were so fearful, that we durst neither
eat nor sleep as long as we were there. Their
court of justice standeth in the midst of the
city, where the governor sitteth all the night
long calling every one by name, and he that
answereth not is adjudged to die, as if he had
forsaken his ranks. Their death is to be
quenched. We also standing amongst them A very pro
per death,

saw what was done, and heard what answers

the lights made for themselves, and the reasons
they alleged for tarrying so long : there we
also knew our own light, and spake unto it,
80 ΑΛΗΘΟΥΣ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑΣ. Α. 29.

έγνώρισα και προσειπων αυτών περί των

κατ ' οίκον επυνθανόμων όπως έχοιεν · ο δε
μοι άπαντα εκείνα διηγήσατο. την μεν ούν
νύκτα εκείνην αυτού εμείναμεν, τη δε
επιούση άραντες έπλέομεν ήδη πλησίον των
νεφών· ένθα δη και την Νεφελοκοκκυγίαν
πόλιν ιδόντες έθαυμάσαμεν, ου μέντοι επέβη
μεν αυτής ου γάρ εία το πνεύμα. βασι
λεύειν μέντοι αυτών ελέγετο Κόρωνος και 0

Κοττυφίωνος . και εγώ εμνήσθην 'Αριστοφά

νους του ποιητού , ανδρός σοφού και αληθούς
και μάτην εφ' οίς έγραψεν άπιστουμένου.
τρίτη δε από ταύτης ημέρα και τον
ωκεανόν ήδη σαφώς εωρώμεν, γήν δε
ουδαμού, πλήν γε των εν τω αέρι" και
αυται δε πυρώδεις ήδη και υπεραυγείς
 TRUE HISTORY. 81

and questioned it of our affairs at home, and

how all did there,, which related everything affir
As somehave
med every
country to be
unto us. That night we made our abode there, governedspeci
ally by some
ular
and on the next morrow returned to our ship, partic
Star, sohe
feigned a light
in this cityfor
and sailing near unto the clouds had a sight wery,
which
nation
could
tell all that
of the city Nephelococcygia, which we beheld was
amongst them .
done

with great wonder, but entered not into it, for

the wind was against us . The king thereof
was Coronus, the son of Cottyphion :: and I
could not choose but think upon the poet
Aristophanes, how wise a man he was, and In
comedy called
his

the Clouds,
how true a reporter, and how little cause there which he
wrote against
is to question his fidelity for what he hath Socrates.
written .

The third after, the ocean appeared plainly

unto us, though we could see no land but
what was in the air, and those countries also

G
82 ΑΛΗΘΟΥΣ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑΣ. Α. 30.

έφαντάζοντο. τη δε τετάρτη περί μεσημ

βρίαν μαλακώς ενδιδόντος του πνεύματος
και συνιζάνοντος επί την θάλατταν κατε
τέθημεν.
30. Ως δε του ύδατος έψαύσαμεν, θαυμα
σίως υπερηδόμεθα και υπερεχαίρομεν και
πάσαν ευφροσύνην εκ των παρόντων όποιού
μεθα και αποβάντες ενηχόμεθα και γαρ
έτυχε γαλήνη ούσα και ευσταθούν το
πέλαγος. έoικε δε αρχή κακών μειζόνων
γίγνεσθαι πολλάκις ή προς το βέλτιον
μεταβολή και γαρ ήμεϊς δύο μόνας
ημέρας εν ευδία πλεύσαντες της τρίτης
υποφαινούσης προς ανίσχοντα τον ήλιον
άφνω δρώμεν θηρία και κήτη πολλά μέν
και άλλα , εν δε μέγιστον απάντων όσον
 TRUE HISTORY. 83

seemed to be fiery and of a glittering colour.

The fourth day about noon, the wind gently
forbearing, settled us fair and leisurely into the
sea ; and as soon as we found ourselves upon
water, we were surprised with incredible glad
ness, and
and our
our joy was unexpressible : we
feasted and made merry with such provision
as we had ; we cast ourselves into the sea,
and swam up and down for our disport, for
it was a calm. But oftentimes it falleth out
that the change to the better is the beginning
of greater evils : for when we had made only
two days' sail in the water, as soon as the
third day appeared, about sun-rising, upon a
sudden we saw many monstrous fishes and
whales : but one above the rest, containing in A fish of
an indifferent
greatness fifteen hundred furlongs, which came size.

G 2
84 ΑΛΗΘΟΥΣ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑΣ . Α. 31.

σταδίων χιλίων και πεντακοσίων το μέγεθος

επήει δε κεχηνος και προ πολλού ταράττον
την θάλατταν αφρό τε περικλυζόμενον
και τους οδόντας εκφαίνον πολύ των παρ'
ημίν φαλλών υψηλοτέρους, οξείς δε πάντας
ώσπερ σκόλοπας και λευκούς ώσπερ ελε
φαντίνους . ημείς μεν ούν το ύστατον
αλλήλους προσειπόντες και περιβαλόντες
εμένομεν" το δε ήδη παρών και αναρροφή
σαν ημάς αυτή νηι κατέπιεν. ου μέντοι
έφθη συναράξαι τοϊς οδούσιν, αλλά δια
των αραιωμάτων ή ναύς ες το έσω διεξέ
πεσεν .
31. Επει δε ένδον ήμεν, το μεν πρώτον
σκότος ήν και ουδέν έωρώμεν, ύστερον δε
αυτού αναχανόντος είδομεν κύτος μέγα και
 TRUE HISTORY. 85

gaping upon us and troubled the sea round

about him, so that he was compassed on every
side with froth and foam , showing his teeth
afar off, which were longer than any beech
trees are with us, all as sharp as needles, and
as white as ivory : then we took, as we thought,
our last leaves one of another, and embracing
together, expected our ending day. The
monster was presently with us, and swallowed
us up ship and all ; but by chance he caught
us not between his chops, for the ship slipped
through the void passages down into his
entrails. When we were thus got within him
we continued a good while in darkness, and
could see nothing till he began to gape, and then
we perceived it to be a monstrous whale of a
86 ΑΛΗΘΟΥΣ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑΣ. Α. 32.

πάντη πλατύ και υψηλόν, ικανόν μυριάνδρω

πόλει ένοικεϊν. έκειντο δε εν μέσω και
μικροί ιχθύες και άλλα πολλά θηρία
συγκεκομμένα και πλοίων ιστία και άγκυραι
και ανθρώπων οστέα και φορτία, κατά
μέσον δε και γη και λόφοι ήσαν, έμοι
δοκεϊν, έκ της ιλύος ήν κατέπιε συνιζάνουσα.
ύλη γούν επ' αυτής και δένδρα παντοία
έπεφύκει και λάχανα εβεβλαστήκει και
εώκει πάντα εξειργασμένοις. περίμετρον δε
της γης στάδιοι διακόσιοι και τετταράκοντα.
ήν δε ιδείν και όρνεα τα θαλάττια , λάρους
και αλκυόνας, επί των δένδρων νεοττεύοντα .
Τότε μεν ούν επί πολύ εδακρύομεν,
32 .

ύστερον δε αναστήσαντες τους εταίρους την

μεν ναύν υπεστηρίξαμεν, αυτοί δε τα
 p.870

IHA NEW YORK

PUBLIC LIBRARY

ANTOR , LANOTXIONS
YILOAN FOUNDA
N
IO

C
TE
IT
NO
TR
W.S.
 TRUE HISTORI

propped up our ship,and struck fire. The

we made ready supper of such a web
for abundance of all sort of fish tay ray
by us, and we had yet water enough left
we brought out of the Morning Star The
next morrow werose to watch when the whale
should gape and then looking out, we could
sometimes see mountains, sometimes only the
skies, and many times islands , for
that the fish carried himself with greater
chess to every part of the sea . When we grew
weary of this, I took seven of my company,
and went into the wood to see what I could
find there, and we had not gone above five
furlongs but welight upon a templeerected
to Neptune, as by the title appeared , and not
far off we espied many sepulchres andpillers
 u i
c
 TRUE HISTORY . 89

propped up our ship, and struck fire. Then

we made ready supper of such as we had,
for abundance of all sort of fish lay ready
by us, and we had yet water enough left which
we brought out of the Morning Star. The
next morrow we rose to watch when the whale

should gape : and then looking out, we could

sometimes see mountains , sometimes only the
skies, and many times islands, for we found
that the fish carried himself with great swift
ness to every part of the sea. When we grew
weary of this, I took seven of my company,
and went into the wood to see what I could

find there, and we had not gone above five

furlongs but we light upon a temple erected
to Neptune, as by the title appeared , and not
far off we espied many sepulchres and pillars
90
ΑΛΗΘΟΥΣ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑΣ. Α. 33

λας επ' αυτών πλησίον τε πηγήν ύδατος

διαυγούς, έτι δε και κυνός υλακήν ηκούομεν
και καπνος εφαίνετο πόρρωθεν καί τινα
και έπαυλις εικάζομεν .
33. Σπουδή ούν βαδίζοντες εφιστάμεθα
πρεσβύτη και νεανίσκω μάλα προθύμως
πρασιάν τινα εργαζομένους και ύδωρ από
της πηγής επ' αυτήν διοχετεύουσιν ' ησθέν
τες oύν άμα και φοβηθέντες έστημεν
κακείνοι δε ταυτον ημϊν ως το είκός παθ
όντες άναυδοι παρεστήκεσαν χρόνω δε και
πρεσβύτης έφη, Τίνες άρα υμείς έστε,
ξένοι ; πότερον, έφη, των εναλίων δαιμόνων
ή άνθρωποι δυστυχείς ημίν παραπλήσιοι ;
και γαρ ημείς άνθρωποι όντες και εν γη
τραφέντες νύν θαλάττιοι γεγόναμεν και
 TRUE HISTORY. 91

placed upon them, with a fountain of clear

water close unto it : we also heard the barking
of a dog, and saw smoke rise afar off, so that
we judged there was some dwelling thereabout.
Wherefore making the more haste, we lighted
upon an old man and a youth, who were very
busy in making a garden and in conveying
water by a channel from the fountain into it :
whereupon we were surprised both with joy and
fear : and they also were brought into the
same taking, and for a long time remained
mute. But after some pause, the old man
said, What are ye, you strangers ? any of the
sea spirits ? or miserable men like unto us ? for
we that are men by nature, born and bred
in the earth, are now sea -dwellers, and swim
92 ΑΛΗΘΟΥΣ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑΣ . Α. 33.

συννηχόμεθα τα περιέχοντι τούτω θηρίω,

ουδ ' & πάσχομεν ακριβώς είδότες τεθνά
ναι μεν γαρ εικάζομεν, ζήν δε πιστεύομεν.
προς ταύτα κάγώ είπον : Και ημείς σοι
άνθρωποι νεήλυδες , ωώ πάτερ, αυτό σκάφει
πρώην καταποθέντες. προήλθομεν δε νύν
βουλόμενοι μαθεϊν τα εν τη ύλη ως έχει
πολλή γάρ τις και λάσιος εφαίνετο. δαίμων
δέ τις , ως έoικεν, ημάς ήγαγε σε τε
όψομένους και είσομένους ότι μη μόνοι εν
τώδε καθείργμεθα τα θηρίω' άλλα φράσον
γε ημίν την σαυτού τύχην, όστις τε ών
C

και όπως δεύρο εισήλθες. ο δε ου πρότερον

έφη έρείν ουδε πεύσεσθαι παρ' ημών πριν
ξενίων των παρόντων μεταδούναι, και λαβών
ημάς ήγεν επί την οικίαν – επεποίητο δε
 TRUE HISTORY. 93

up and down within the Continent of this

whale, and know not certainly what to think
of ourselves : we are like to men that be dead,
and yet believe ourselves to be alive. Where
unto I answered, For our parts, father, we are
men also, newly come hither, and swallowed
up ship and all but yesterday : and now come
purposely within this wood which is so large
and thick : some good angel, I think, did
guide us hither to have the sight of you ,
and to make us know that we are not the

only men confined within this monster : tell

us therefore your fortunes,, we beseech you,
what you are, and how you came into this
It was

place. customtimes
But he answered , You shall not hear ancient in

to entertain all

a word from me, nor ask any more questions astrangerswith

feast before
enquired
until you have taken part of such viands as of their affairs.
94 ΑΛΗΘΟΥΣ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑΣ . Α . 34.

αυτάρκη και στιβάδας ενωκοδόμητο και τα

άλλα εξήρτιστο - παραθείς δε ημϊν λάχανά
τε και ακρόδρυα και ιχθυς, έτι δε και
οίνον εγχέας , επειδή ικανώς έκορέσθημεν,
επυνθάνετο και επεπόνθειμεν " κάγώ πάντα α

εξής διηγησάμην, τόν τε χειμώνα και τα

εν τη νήσω και τον εν τω αέρι πλούν,
1

και τον πόλεμον, και τα άλλα μέχρι της

ες το κήτος καταδύσεως .
54. Ο δε υπερθαυμάσας και αυτός εν
34 .

μέρει τα καθ' εαυτόν διεξήει λέγων, Το

μεν γένος ειμί, ώ ξένοι, Κύπριος, ορμηθείς
δε κατ' εμπορίαν από της πατρίδος μετά
παιδός, ον οράτε, και άλλων πολλών οικε
των έπλεον εις Ιταλίαν ποικίλον φόρτον
κομίζων επί νεως μεγάλης, ήν επί στόματι
 TRUE HISTORY. 95

we are able to afford you. So he took us

and brought us into his house, which was
sufficient to serve his turn : his pallets were
prepared, and all things else made ready.
Then he set before us herbs and nuts and

fish, and filled out of his own wine unto us :

and when we were sufficiently satisfied , he
then demanded of us what fortunes we had

endured , and I related all things to him in

order that had betide unto us, the tempest,
the passages in the island, our navigation in
the air, our war, and all the rest, even till
our diving into the whale. Whereat he

wondered exceedingly, and began to deliver

also what had befallen to him, and said, By
lineage, O ye strangers, I am of the isle An island
in the eastern
part of the
Cyprus, and travelling from mine own country Mediterranean
Sea, betwixt
Syria and
as a merchant, with this my son you see here, Cilicia.
 ΥΣ ΑΣ
96 ΑΛΗΘΟ ΙΣΤΟΡΙ . Α . 34.

του κήτους διαλελυμένην ίσως έωράκατε.

μέχρι μεν ούν Σικελίας ευτυχώς διεπλεί
σαμεν εκείθεν δε αρπασθέντες ανέμω
σφοδρό τριταίοι ες τον ωκεανόν απηνέχθη
μεν, ένθα το κήτει περιτυχόντες και
αύτανδροι καταποθέντες δύο ημείς μόνοι
των άλλων αποθανόντων εσώθημεν. θάψαν
τες δε τους εταίρους και ναόν τω Ποσει
δώνι δειμάμενοι τουτονι τον βίον ζωμεν,
λάχανα μεν κηπεύοντες, ιχθύς δε σιτούμενοι
και ακρόδρυα. πολλή δε, ως δράτε, η ύλη,
και μην και αμπέλους έχει πολλάς, αφ'
ών ήδιστος οίνος γίγνεται και την πηγήν
δε ίσως είδετε καλλίστου και ψυχροτάτου
ύδατος. εύνην δε από των φύλλων ποιούμεθα
και πύρ άφθονον καίομεν και όρνεα δε
 TRUE HISTORY. 97

and many other friends with me, made a

voyage for Italy in a great ship full fraught
with merchandise, which perhaps you have
seen broken in pieces in the mouth of the
whale. We sailed with fair weather till we

were as far as Sicily, but there we were over

taken with such a boisterous storm that the

third day we were driven into the ocean, where

it was our fortune to meet with this whale
which swallowed us all up, and only we two
escaped with our lives ; all the rest perished,
whom we have here buried and built a temple
to Neptune. Ever since we have continued

this course of life, planting herbs and feeding

upon fish and nuts : here is wood enough, you
see, and plenty of vines which yield most deli
cate wine : we have also a well of excellent cool

water, which it may be you have seen : we

н
 ΟΥΣ ΙΑΣ
98 ΑΛΗΘ ΙΣΤΟΡ . Α . 35.

θηρεύομεν τα είσπετόμενα και ζώντας

ιχθύς αγρεύομεν εξιόντες επί τα βραγχία
του θηρίου, ένθα και λουόμεθα , οπόταν
επιθυμήσωμεν. και μην και λίμνη ου πόρρω
έστιν αλμυρα σταδίων είκοσι το περίμετρον
ιχθύς έχουσα παντοδαπούς, εν ή και νη
χόμεθα και πλέομεν επί σκάφους μικρού,
και εγώ έναυπηγησάμην. έτη δε ημίν έστι
της καταπόσεως ταύτα επτα και είκοσι .
85. και τα μεν άλλα ίσως φέρειν έδυ
νάμεθα , οι δε γείτονες ημών και πάροικοι
σφόδρα χαλεποί και βαρείς είσιν, άμικτοί τε
όντες και άγριοι. Η γάρ, έφην έγω, και
άλλοι τινές εισιν εν τω κήτει ; Πολλοί μέν,
έφη, και άξενοι και τας μορφές αλλόκοτοι:
τα μεν γαρ εσπέρια και ουραία της ύλης
 TRUE HISTORY. 99

make our beds of the leaves of trees, and burn

as much wood as we will : we chase after the

birds that fly about us, and go out upon the

gills of the monster to catch after live fishes :
here we bathe ourselves when we are disposed,
for we have a lake of salt water not far off,
about some twenty furlongs in compass, full of
sundry sorts of fish , in which we swim and
sail upon it in a little boat of mine own
making. This is the seven-and-twentieth year
of our drowning, and with all this we might be
well enough contented if our neighbours and
borderers about us were not perverse and
troublesome, altogether insociable and of stern
condition. Is it so, indeed, said I, that there
should be any within the whale but your
selves ? Many, said he, and such as are un
reconcilable towards strangers, and of mon
H 2
-
100 ΑΛΗΘΟΥΣ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑΣ . Α. 35 .

Ταριχάνες oικoύσιν , έθνος εγχελυωπόν και

καραβοπρόσωπον, μάχιμον και θρασύ και
ωμοφάγον" τα δε της ετέρας πλευράς
κατα τον δεξιόν τοίχον Τριτωνομένδητες,
τα μεν άνω ανθρώποις έoικότες, τα δε
κάτω τοϊς γαλεώταις, ήττον μέντοι άδικοί
είσι των άλλων " τα λαια δε Καρκινόχειρες
και Θυννοκέφαλοι συμμαχίαν τε και φιλίαν
προς εαυτούς πεποιημένοι " την δε μεσό
γαιαν νέμονται Παγουρίδαι και Ψηττόπο
δες, γένος μάχιμον και δρομικώτατον ' τα
ερα δε προς αυτό το στόματι τα μεν
πολλά έρημά έστι προσκλυζόμενα τη θα
λάττη. όμως δε εγώ ταύτα έχω, φόρον
τοϊς Ψηττόποσιν υποτελών εκάστου έτους
όστρεια πεντακόσια.
 TRUE HISTORY. IOI

strous and deformed proportions. The western

countries and the tail -part of the wood are
inhabited by the Tarychanians that look like
eels, with faces like a lobster : these are war
like, fierce, and feed upon raw flesh : they
that dwell towards the right side are called
Tritonomendetans, which have their upper
parts like unto men, their lower parts like cats,
and are less offensive than the rest. On the

left side inhabit the Carcinochirians and the

Thinnocephalians, which are in league one with
another : the middle region is possessed by the
Paguridians, and the Psettopodians, a warlike
nation and swift of foot : eastwards towards

the mouth is for the most part desert, as over

washed by the sea : yet am I fain to take that
for my dwelling, paying yearly to the Psetto
podians in way of tribute five hundred oysters.
102 ΑΛΗΘΟΥΣ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑΣ . Α . 36.

36.
τοιαύτη μεν η χώρα εστίν υμάς δε
χρή ορών όπως δυνησόμεθα τοσούτοις
έθνεσι μάχεσθαι και όπως βιοτεύσομεν.
Πόσοι δε, έφην εγώ, πάντες ούτοι εισι ;
Πλείους, έφη, των χιλίων . “Όπλα δε
τίνα εστιν αυτοίς; Ουδέν, έφη, πλήν τα
οστά των ιχθύων . Ούκούν, έφην έγω ,
άριστ’ αν έχoι δια μάχης ελθείν αυτοίς
άτε oύσιν άνόπλοις αυτούς γε ωπλισ
μένους " ει γαρ κρατήσομεν αυτών, αδεώς
τον λοιπόν βίον oικήσομεν . έδοξε ταύτα,
και απελθόντες επί ναύν παρεσκευαζόμεθα .
αιτία δε του πολέμου έμελλεν έσεσθαι του
φόρου ήη ουκ απόδοσις, ήδη της προθεσμίας
ενεστώσης. και δη οι μεν έπεμπον απαι
τούντες τον δασμών και δε υπεροπτικώς
 TRUE HISTORY. 103

Of so many nations doth this country consist.

We must therefore devise among ourselves
either how to be able to fight with them , or
how to live among them. What number may
they all amount unto ? said I. More than a

thousand , said he. And what armour have

they ? None at all, said he, but the bones
of fishes. Then were it our best course, said I ,
to encounter them , being provided as we are,
and they without weapons, for if we prove too
hard for them we shall afterward live out of
fear. This we concluded upon, and went to
our ship to furnish ourselves with arms. The
occasion of war we gave by non-payment of
tribute, which then was due, for they sent their
messengers to demand it, to whom he gave a
harsh and scornful answer, and sent them
104 ΑΛΗΘΟΥΣ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑΣ. Α . 37.

αποκρινόμενος απεδίωξε τους αγγέλους.

πρώτοι ούν οι Ψηττόποδες και οι Παγουρίδαι
χαλεπαίνοντες τω Σκινθάρα - τούτο γαρ
εκαλείτο - μετά πολλού θορύβου επήεσαν.
87. ημείς δε την έφοδον υποπτεύοντες
εξοπλισάμενοι άνεμένομεν, λόχον τινα
προτάξαντες ανδρών πέντε και είκοσιν ·
N

προείρητο δε τοίς εν τη ενέδρα , επειδαν

ίδωσι παρεληλυθότας τους πολεμίους , επ
ανίστασθαι " και ούτως εποίησαν. επανασ
τάντες γαρ κατόπισθεν έκοπταν αυτούς, και
ημείς δε και αυτοί πέντε και είκοσι τον
αριθμόν όντες-και γαρ ο Σκίνθαρος και
ο παίς αυτού συνεστρατεύοντο -- υπηντιάζο
μεν και συμμίξαντες θυμώ και ρώμη
διεκινδυνεύομεν. τέλος δε τροπήν αυτών
 TRUE HISTORY. 105

packing with their arrant. But the Psetto

podians and Paguridians, taking it ill at the

hands of Scintharus , for so was the man named ,
came against us with great tumult : and we,
suspecting what they would do, stood upon our
guard to wait for them, and laid five-and
twenty of our men in ambush, commanding
them as soon as the enemy was passed by to
set upon them, who did so, and arose out of
their ambush, and fell upon the rear. We also

being five-and -twenty in number (for Scintharus Who supplieit

the room of the
trvo that were
and his son were marshalled among us) ad- lost.
vanced to meet with them, and encountered
them with great courage and strength : but in
the end we put them to flight and pursued
them to their very dens. Of the enemies were
1ο6 ΑΛΗΘΟΥΣ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑΣ. Α . 38.

ποιησάμενοι κατεδιώξαμεν άχρι προς τους

φωλεούς. απέθανον δε των μεν πολεμίων
εβδομήκοντα και εκατον, ημών δε είς και ο
κυβερνήτης τρίγλης πλευρά διαπαρεις το
μετάφρενον.
38. εκείνην μεν ούν την ημέραν και
την νύκτα επηυλισάμεθα τη μάχη και
τρόπαιον εστήσαμεν ράχιν ξηράν δελ
φίνος αναπήξαντες . τη υστεραία δε
και οι άλλοι αισθόμενοι παρήσαν , το μεν
δεξιών κέρας έχοντες οι Ταριχάνες - ηγείτο
δε αυτών Πήλαμος - το δε ευώνυμον οι
Θυννοκέφαλοι , το μέσον δε οι Καρκινόχειρες
οι γαρ Τριτωνομένδητες την ησυχίαν ήγον
ουδετέροις συμμαχεϊν προαιρούμενοι. ημείς
δε προαπαντήσαντες αυτούς παρά το Ποσει
 TRUE HISTORY. 107

slain an hundred threescore and ten, and but

one of us besides Trigles, our pilot, who was
thrust through the back with a fish's rib. All
that day following and the night after we
lodged in our trenches, and set on end a dry
backbone of a dolphin instead of a trophy.
The next morrow the rest of the country
people, perceiving what had happened, came to
assault us . The Tarychanians were ranged in
the right wing, with Pelamus their captain : the
Thinnocephalians were placed in the left wing :
the Carcinochirians made up the main battle :
for the Tritonomendetans stirred not, neither
would they join with either part. About the
temple of Neptune we met with them, and
joined fight with a great cry, which was
Ιο8 ΑΛΗΘΟΥΣ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑΣ . Α. 39.

δώνιον συνεμίξαμεν πολλή βοή χρώμενοι.

αντήχει δε το κύτος ώσπερ τα σπήλαια .
τρεψάμενοι δ ' αυτούς άτε γυμνήτας όντας
και καταδιώξαντες ες την ύλην το λοιπόν
επεκρατούμεν τής γής.
39. και μετ' ου πολύ κήρυκας αποσ
τείλαντες νεκρούς τε ανηρούντο και
περί φιλίας διελέγοντο. ημίν δε ουκ
έδόκει σπένδεσθαι, αλλά τη υστεραία
χωρήσαντες επ' αυτούς πάντας άρδην
εξεκόψαμεν πλην των Τριτωνομενδήτων.
ουτοι δε ως είδον τα γιγνόμενα , διαδράντες
εκ των βραγχίων αφήκαν αυτούς ες την
θάλατταν. ημείς δε την χώραν επελθόν
τες έρημον ήδη ούσαν των πολεμίων το
λοιπόν αδεώς κατωκούμεν τα πολλά γυμ
 TRUE HISTORY. 109

answered with an echo out of the whale as if

it had been out of a cave : but we soon put
them to flight, being naked people, and chased
them into the wood, making ourselves masters
of the country. Soon after they sent ambas
sadors to us to crave the bodies of the dead
and to treat upon conditions of peace ; but we
had no purpose to hold friendship with them,
but set upon them the next day and put them
all to the sword except the Tritonomendetans,
who, seeing how it fared with the rest of their
fellows, fled away through the gills of the fish,
and cast themselves into the sea. Then we

travelled all the country over, which now was

desert, and dwelt there afterwards without fear
of enemies , spending the time in exercise of the
IO ΑΛΗΘΟΥΣ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑΣ . Α. 40.

νασίοις τε και κυνηγεσίοις χρώμενοι και

αμπελουργούντες και τον καρπόν συγκομι
ζόμενοι τον εκ των δένδρων, και όλως
EK

εώκειμεν τοίς εν δεσμωτηρίω μεγάλο και

αφύκτω τρυφώσι και λελυμένοις. ενιαυτόν
μεν ούν και μήνας οκτώ τούτον διήγoμεν
τον τρόπον.
τω δ' ενάτω μηνί πέμπτη ισταμένου
40.

περί την δευτέραν του στόματος ανοιξιν

άπαξ γαρ δή τούτο κατά την ώραν εκάσ
την επoίει το κήτος , ώστε ημάς προς τας
3
ανοίξεις τεκμαίρεσθαι τας ώρας - περί ούν
την δευτέραν, ώσπερ έφην, άνοιξιν, άφνω
βοή τε πολλή και θόρυβος ηκούετο και
ώσπερ κελεύσματα και ειρεσίαι ταραχ
' αυτό το
θέντες ούν ανειρπύσαμεν επ'
 TRUE HISTORY . III

body and in hunting, in planting vineyards and

gathering fruit of the trees, like such men as
live delicately and have the world at will, in a
spacious and unavoidable prison. This kind
of life led we for a year and eight months, but
when the fifth day of the ninth month was
come, about the time of the second opening of
his mouth ( for so the whale did once every A gaping
clock .

hour, whereby we conjectured how the hours

went away ), I say about the second opening,
upon a sudden we heard a great cry and a
mighty noise like the calls of mariners and the
stirring of oars, which troubled us not a little.
Wherefore we crept up to the very mouth of
the fish, and standing within his teeth, saw
the strangest sight that ever eye beheld-men
112
ΑΛΗΘΟΥΣ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑΣ . Α. 40.

στόμα του θηρίου και στάντες ένδοτέρω

των οδόντων καθεωρώμεν απάντων ών
εγώ είδον θεαμάτων παραδοξότατον, άν .

δρας μεγάλους όσον ήμισταδιαίους τας

ηλικίας επί νήσων μεγάλων προσπλέοντας
ώσπερ τριηρών . οίδα μεν ούν απίστοις
έoικότα ιστορήσων, λέξω δε όμως.
Νήσοι ήσαν επιμήκεις μέν , ου πάνυ δε
υψηλαί, όσον εκατόν σταδίων εκάστη το
περίμετρον επί δε αυτών έπλεον των αν
δρών εκείνων αμφί τους είκοσι και εκατόν :
τούτων δε οι μεν παρ' εκάτερα της νήσου
καθήμενοι εφεξής εκωπηλάτουν κυπαρίτ
τοις μεγάλαις αυτοκλάδοις και αυτοκόμοις
ώσπερεί έρετμοϊς , κατόπιν δε επί της
πρύμνης, ως έδόκει , κυβερνήτης επί λόφου
 TRUE HISTORY. 113

of monstrous greatness, half a furlong in

stature, sailing upon mighty great islands as if
they were upon shipboard. I know you will
think this smells like a lie, but yet you shall

have it. The islands were of a good length

indeed, but not very high, containing about an
hundred furlongs in compass ; every one of
these carried of those kind of men eight-and
twenty, of which some sat on either side of the
island and rowed in their course with great
cypress trees, branches, leaves and all , instead
of oars. On the stern or hinder part, as I take
it, stood the governor, upon a high hill, with a
brazen rudder of a furlong in length in his
hand : on the fore- part stood forty such fellows
as those, armed for the fight, resembling men

I
114 ΑΛΗΘΟΥΣ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑΣ. Α. 41 .

υψηλού ειστήκει χάλκεον έχων πηδάλιον

πεντασταδιαίον το μήκος " επί δε της
πρώρας όσον τετταράκοντα ωπλισμένοιa

αυτών εμάχοντο πάντα έoικότες ανθρώπους

πλην της κόμης " αύτη δε πύρ ήν και
έκαίετο, ώστε ουδε κορύθων εδέοντο. αντί
δε ιστίων ο άνεμος εμπίπτων τη ύλη
πολλή ούση εν εκάστη έκόλπου τε αυτην
και έφερε την νήσον η εθέλοι και κυβερ
.

νήτης " κελευστής δε έφειστήκει αυτούς

και προς την ειρεσίαν οξέως έκινούντο
ώσπερ τα μακρα των πλοίων .
« 1. το μεν ούν πρώτον δύο ή τρείς
41

εωρώμεν, ύστερον δε εφάνησαν όσον εξα

κόσιοι, και διαστάντες επολέμους και
έναυμάχουν. πολλαι μεν ούν αντίπρωροι
 TRUE HISTORY. 115

in all points but in their hair, which was all

fire and burnt clearly, so that they needed no
helmets. Instead of sails the wood growing
in the island did serve their turns, for the wind
blowing against it drave forward the island
like a ship, and carried it which way the
governor would have it, for they had pilots to
direct them, and were as nimble to be stirred
with oars as any long -boat. At the first we had
the sight but of two or three of them : after
wards appeared no less than six hundred,
which, dividing themselves in two parts, pre
pared for encounter, in which many of them A strange
sea - fight.
by meeting with their barks together were
broken in pieces, many were turned over and
drowned : they that closed, fought lustily and
would not easily be parted, for the soldiers in

I 2
116 ΑΛΗΘΟΥΣ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑΣ . Α, 42.

συνηράσσοντο αλλήλαις , πολλαι δε και

έμβληθείσαι κατεδύοντο , αι δε συμπλεκό
μεναι καρτερώς διηγωνίζοντο και ου ρα
δίως απελύοντο οι γαρ επί της πρώρας
παρατεταγμένοι πάσαν επεδείκνυντο προ
.

θυμίαν επιβαίνοντες και αναιρούντες έζώ

γρει δε ουδείς. αντί δε χειρών σιδηρών
πολύποδας μεγάλους εκδεδεμένους αλλήλοις
απερρίπτουν, οι δε περιπλεκόμενοι τη
ύλη κατείχον αυτην την νήσον . έβαλλον
μέντοι και ετίτρωσκον όστρείοις τε αμαξ
οπληθέσι και σπόγγοις πλεθριαίοις.
ηγείτο δε των μεν Αίολοκένταυρος,
42 .

των δε Θαλασσοπότης και μάχη αυτούς

έγεγένητο, ως έδόκει, λείας ένεκα ελέγετο
γαρ ο Θαλασσοπότης πολλάς αγέλας δελ
 TRUE HISTORY. 117

the front showed a great deal of valour, enter

ing one upon another, and killed all they could,
for none were taken prisoners. Instead of iron
A fish with
grapples they had mighty great polypodes fast manyfeet.

tied, which they cast at the other, and if they

once laid hold on the wood they made the isle
sure enough for stirring. They darted and
wounded one another with oysters that would
fill aa wain, and sponges as big as an acre. The
leader on the one side was Æolocentaurus, and
of the other Thalassopotes. The quarrel, as it
seems, grew about taking a booty : for they
said that Thalassopotes drave away many
flocks of dolphins that belonged to Æolocen
taurus, as we heard by their clamours one to
another, and calling upon the names of their
118 ΑΛΗΘΟΥΣ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑΣ. Α. 42.

φίνων του Αίολοκενταύρου εληλακέναι, ως

ήν ακούειν επικαλούντων αλλήλοις και τα
ονόματα των βασιλέων επιβοωμένων. τέ
λος δε νικώσιν οι του Αίολοκενταύρου και
νήσους των πολεμίων καταδύουσιν αμφι
τας πεντήκονταα και εκατον και άλλας
τρείς λαμβάνουσιν αυτοϊς ανδράσιν, αι δε
λοιπαι πρύμναν κρουσάμεναι έφευγαν. οι
δε μέχρι τινός διώξαντες, επειδή εσπέρα
ήν, τραπόμενοι προς τα ναυάγια των
πλείστων επεκράτησαν και τα εαυτών
ανείλοντος και γαρ εκείνων κατέδυσαν
νήσοι ουκ ελάττους των όγδοήκοντα . έσ
τησαν δε και τρόπαιον της νησομαχίας
επί τη κεφαλή του κήτους μίαν των
πολεμίων νήσων ανασταυρώσαντες. εκείνην
 TRUE HISTORY. 119

kings : but Æolocentaurus had the better of

the day and sunk one hundred and fifty of the
enemy's islands, and three they took with the
men and all . The rest withdrew themselves

and fled, whom the other pursued, but not

far, because it grew towards evening, but re
turned to those that were wrecked and broken ,
which they also recovered for the most part,
and took their own away with them : for on
their part there were no less than fourscore
islands drowned. Then they erected a trophy
for a monument of this island fight, and
fastened one of the enemy's islands with a
stake upon the head of the whale. That night
they lodged close by the beast, casting their
cables about him, and anchored near unto him :
their anchors are huge and great, made of
120 ΑΛΗΘΟΥΣ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑΣ . Α. 42.

μεν ούν την νύκτα περί το θηρίον ηυλί

σαντο εξάψαντες αυτού το απόγεια και
επ ' άγκυρων πλησίον όρμισάμενοι και
γαρ αγκύραις έχρώντο μεγάλαις, υαλίναις,
καρτεραϊς . τη υστεραία δε θύσαντες επι
του κήτους και τους οικείους θάψαντες
επ ' αυτού απέπλεον ηδόμενοι και ώσπερ
παιάνας άδοντες. ταύτα μεν τα κατά
την νησομαχίαν γενόμενα .
 TRUE HISTORY. 121

glass, but of a wonderful strength. The

morrow after, when they had sacrificed upon

the top of the whale, and there buried their
dead, they sailed away, with great triumph and
songs of victory. And this was the manner of
the islands ' fight.
 ΑΛΗ ΘΟΥΣ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑΣ

ΛΟΓΟΣ ΔΕΥΤΕΡΟ Σ .

1. Το δ' άπό τούτου μηκέτι φέρων

εγω την εν τω κήτει δίαιταν άχθόμενός τε
τη μονή, μηχανήν τινα εζήτουν δι '
ής αν εξελθεϊν γένοιτο : και το μεν
πρώτον έδοξεν ημίν διορύξασι κατά τον
δεξιόν τοίχον αποδράναι, και αρξάμενοι
διεκόπτομεν " επειδή δε προελθόντες όσον
πέντε σταδίους ουδέν ηνύομεν, του μεν
ορύγματος έπαυσάμεθα, την δε ύλην καύ
σαι διέγνωμεν · ούτω γαρ αν το κήτος
 LUCIAN :

HIS TRUE HISTORY.

THE SECOND BOOK.

UPON this we began to be weary of our

abode in the whale, and our tarriance there did
much trouble us. We therefore set all our
wits a -work to find out some means or other to

clear us from our captivity. First, we thought

it would do well to dig a hole through his
right side and make our escape that way forth,
which we began to labour at lustily ; but after
we had pierced him five furlongs deep and
found it was to no purpose, we gave it over.
Then we devised to set the wood on fire, for
I 24 ΑΛΗΘΟΥΣ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑΣ . Β. Ι .

αποθανείν ' ει δε τούτο γένοιτο, ραδία

έμελλεν ημίν έσεσθαι η έξοδος. αρξά
μενοι ούν από των ουραίων έκαίομεν, και
ημέρας μεν επτα και ίσως νύκτας άν
αισθήτως είχε του καύματος, ογδόη δε και
ενάτη συνίεμεν αυτού νοσούντος. αργότε
ρον γούν ανέχασκε, και εί ποτε αναχάνοι,
ταχύ συνέμυε . δεκάτη δε και ενδεκάτη
τέλεoν απονενέκρωτο και δυσώδες ήν
τη δωδεκάτη δε μόλις ένενοήσαμεν, ως,
εί μή τις χανόντος αυτού υποστηρίξειε TE

τους γομφίους , ώστε μηκέτι συγκλείσαι,

κινδυνεύσομεν κατακλεισθέντες εν νεκρώ
αυτή απολέσθαι. ούτω δη μεγάλους δοκούς
το στόμα διερείσαντες την ναύν έπεσ
κευάζομεν ύδωρ τε ως ένι πλείστον έμ
 X XEW YORK Y
C R
PEELI LIBRA

XXAOTXIONS
TOR , LN
ATN
TE FOU D
JB-Clarke.94
 TRUE STORY

thatwould certainly kill him without all de

tion, and being once dead, our issue would be
easy enough. This we also put in practice
and began our project at the tail end, which
burtseven daysand as many nights before he
had any feeling of our fireworks : upon the
eighth and ninth days we perceived he began
to grow sickly : for he gaped more dully thai
he was wont to do, and sooner closed his
Inouth again : the tenth and eleventh he was
thoroughly mortified and began to stink upon
the twelfth day we bethought ourselves, though
almost too late, that unless weunderpropped
his chops when he gaped next to keep them
from closing, we should be in danger of per
petual imprisonment within his dead carcase
and there miserably perish. We therefore
 TRUE HISTORY. 125

that would certainly kill him without all ques

tion, and being once dead, our issue would be
easy enough. This we also put in practice,
and began our project at the tail end, which
They set the
burnt seven days and as many nights before he whale on fire.
had any feeling of our fireworks : upon the
eighth and ninth days we perceived he began
to grow sickly : for he gaped more dully than
he was wont to do, and sooner closed his
mouth again : the tenth and eleventh he was
thoroughly mortified and began to stink : upon
the twelfth day we bethought ourselves, though
almost too late, that unless we underpropped
his chops when he gaped next to keep them
from closing, we should be in danger of per
petual imprisonment within his dead carcase
and there miserably perish. We therefore
I 26 ΑΛΗΘΟΥΣ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑΣ . Β. 2 .

βαλλόμενοι και τα άλλα επιτήδεια "

κυβερνάν δ' έμελλεν ο Σκίνθαρος . τη δ'
επιούση το μεν ήδη έτεθνήκει.
2 ημείς δε ανελκύσαντες το πλοίον και
δια των αραιωμάτων διαγαγόντες και εκ
των οδόντων εξάψαντες ηρέμα καθήκαμεν
ές την θάλατταν : επαναβάντες δε επι
τα νώτα και θύσαντες τω Ποσειδώνι
αυτού παρά το τρόπαιον ημέρας τε τρείς
έπαυλισάμενοι-- νηνεμία γαρ ήν-τη τε
τάρτη απεπλεύσαμεν. ένθα δη πολλούς
των εκ της ναυμαχίας νεκρούς απηντώ
μεν και προσωκέλλομεν, και τα σώματα
καταμετρούντες έθαυμάζομεν. και ημέρας
μέν τινας έπλέομεν εύκράτω αέρι χρώ
μενοι, έπειτα βορέου σφοδρού πνεύσαντος
 TRUE HISTORY. 127

pitched long beams of timber upright within

his mouth to keep it from shutting, and then
made our ship in a readiness, and provided
ourselves with store of fresh water, and all
other things necessary for our use, Scintharus
taking upon him to be our pilot, and the next
morrow the whale died . Then we hauled our
ship through the void passages, and fastening
cables about his teeth, by little and little settled
it into the sea, and mounting the back of the
whale, sacrificed to Neptune, and for three
days together took up our lodging hard by the
trophy, for we were becalmed. The fourth day
we put to sea , and met with many dead corpses
that perished in the late sea-fight, which our
ship hit against, whose bodies we took measure
of with great admiration, and sailed for a few
128 ΑΛΗΘΟΥΣ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑΣ. Β. 2.

μέγα κρύος εγένετο και υπ ' αυτού παν

επάγη το πέλαγος ουκ επιπολής μόνον,
αλλά και ές βάθος όσον επί τετρακοσίας
οργυιάς, ώστε και αποβάντας διαθεϊν επί
του κρυστάλλου. επιμένοντος δε του πνεύ
ματος φέρειν ου δυνάμενοι τοιόνδε τι
επενοήσαμεν -- και δε την γνώμην αποφη
νάμενος ήν Σκίνθαρος - σκάψαντες γαρ εν
τω ύδατι σπήλαιον μέγιστον έν τούτω
εμείναμεν ημέρας τριάκοντα, πύρ ανα
καίοντες και σιτούμενοι τους ιχθύς ευρίσ
κομεν δε αυτούς ανορύττοντες. επειδή δε
ήδη επέλιπε τα επιτήδεια , προελθόντες
και την ναύν πεπηγυίαν ανασπάσαντες
και πετάσαντες την οθόνην έσυρόμεθα
ώσπερ πλέοντες λείως και προσηνώς επί
 TRUE HISTORY. 129

days in very temperate weather. But after that

the north wind blew so bitterly that a great
frost ensued , wherewith the whole sea was all
frozen up, not only superficially upon the upper

part, but in depth also the depth of four

hundred fathoms, so that we were fain to for
sake our ship and run upon the ice. The

wind sitting long in this corner, and we not

able to endure it, put this device in practice,
which was the invention of Scintharus :-with

mattocks and other instruments we made a

mighty cave in the water, wherein we sheltered
ourselves forty days together : in it we kindled
fire, and fed upon fish , of which we found great
plenty in our digging. At the last, our pro
vision falling short, we returned to our frozen
ship, which we set upright, and spreading her

K
I 30 ΑΛΗΘΟΥΣ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑΣ . Β. 3.

του πάγου διολισθαίνοντες . ημέρα δε

πέμπτη αλέα τε ήδη ήν και ο πάγος
ελύετο και ύδωρ πάντα αύθις εγίνετο.
πλεύσαντες ούν όσον τριακοσίους
3.

σταδίους νήσω μικρά και ερήμη προση

νέχθημεν, αφ' ής ύδωρ λαβόντες - επε
λελοίπει γαρ ήδη- και δύο ταύρους αγρί
ους κατατοξεύσαντες απεπλεύσαμεν . οι δε
ταύροι ούτοι τα κέρατα ουκ επί της
κεφαλής είχον, αλλ' υπό τοϊς οφθαλμούς ,
ώσπερ ο Μώμος ήξίου. μετ' ου πολύ δε
είς πέλαγος ενεβαίνομεν , ουχ ύδατος,
αλλά γάλακτος και νήσος εν αυτώ έφαί
νετο λευκη πλήρης αμπέλων . ήν δε η)
νήσος τυρός μέγιστος , πάνυ συμπεπηγώς ,
ως ύστερον εμφαγόντες εμάθομεν, πέντε
 TRUE HISTORY. 131

sails, went forward as well as if we had been

upon water, leisurely and gently sliding upon
the ice ; but on the fifth day the weather grew
warm , and the frost brake, and all was turned
to water again . We had not sailed three

hundred furlongs forwards but we came to a

little island that was desert , where we only
took in fresh water (which now began to fail
us), and with our shot killed two wild bulls ,
and so departed. These bulls have their horns
growing not upon their heads but under their
eyes, as Momus thought it better. Then we fault
Momusfound
Jupiter for
entered into a sea, not of water but of milk , in bulls'
not setting
horns the
in
this .

which appeared a white island full of vines. ani.

Arist.de
I. 3. part.
He
was the god of
This island was only a great cheese well of
feastingcarpins
and

amongst the

pressed (as we afterwards found when we fed Heathen.

Hesiod , in
his Theog., says
that he was the
son of theNight,
but begotten
without
father.
K 2
132 ΑΛΗΘΟΥΣ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑΣ. Β. 4.

και είκοσι σταδίων το περίμετρον αι

δε άμπελοι βοτρύων πλήρεις, ου μέντοι
οίνον, αλλά γάλα εξ αυτών αποθλίβοντες
επίνομεν. Γερον δε εν μέση τη νήσω
άνωκοδόμητο Γαλατείας της Νηρηίδος ,
ως εδήλου το επίγραμμα . όσον δ' ούν
χρόνον εκεί εμείναμεν, όψον μεν η γη
και σιτίoν υπήρχε, ποτόν δε το γάλα
το εκ των βοτρύων. βασιλεύειν δε των
χωρίων τούτων ελέγετο Τυρω η Σαλ
μωνέως, μετά την εντεύθεν απαλλαγής
ταύτην παρά του Ποσειδώνος λαβούσα
την τιμήν.
μείναντες δε ημέρας εν τη νήσω
4.

πέντε τη έκτη εξωρμήσαμεν , αύρας μέν

τινος παραπεμπούσης, λειοκύμονος δε ού
 TRUE HISTORY. 133

upon it), about some five -and -twenty furlongs

in bigness : the vines were full of clusters of
grapes, out of which we could crush no wine,
but only milk : in the midst of the island there
A Se a
was a temple built dedicated to Galatea, one nymph , daugh
of Nereus
of the daughters of Nereus, as by the inscrip- calied
and Doris, so
because

tion appeared. As long as we remained there ofistherewhite.

ness as pure as
milk .

the soil yielded us food and victuals , and our

drink was the milk that came out of the

grapes : in these, as they said , reigneth Tyro, Neptofune herbegot

Pelias, and

the daughter of Salmoneus, who, after her father Nelers,of Nestor.

the

departure , received this guerdon at the hands akingterritory

of Eris,of,
Peloponnesus,
of Neptune . and for imitat.
ing the thunder
In this island we rested ourselves five chario
by running his
t over a
bridge of brass,
was slain with
days, and on the sixth put to sea again, a thunderbolo
by Jupiter.
a gentle gale attending us, and the seas
all still and quiet. The eighth day, as we
134 ΑΛΗΘΟΥΣ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑΣ. Β. 4.

σης της θαλάττης τη ογδόη δε ημέρα

πλέοντες ουκέτι δια του γάλακτος, αλλ'
ήδη εν αλμυρώ και κυανώ ύδατι, καθο
ρώμεν ανθρώπους πολλούς επί του πελά
γους διαθέοντας , άπαντα ημϊν προσεοικό
τας και τα σώματα και τα μεγέθη ,
πλην των ποδών μόνων " ταύτα γαρ
>

φέλλινα είχον αφ ' ού δη οίμαι και

έκαλούντο Φελλόποδες . εθαυμάζομεν ούν
ιδόντες ου βαπτιζομένους, αλλ ' υπερέχον
τας των κυμάτων και αδεώς οδοιπορούν
τας . οι δε και προσήεσαν και ήσπά
ζοντο ημάς Ελληνική φωνή έλεγόν τε
εις Φελλω την αυτών πατρίδα επείγεσ
θαι' μέχρι μεν ούν τινος συνοδοιπόρουν
.

ημίν παραθέοντες, είτα αποτραπόμενοι

 TRUE HISTORY. 135

sailed onward, not in milk any longer, but in

salt and azure water, we saw many men run
ning upon the sea, like unto us every way
forth, both in shape and stature, but only for
their feet, which were of cork, whereupon , I
suppose, they had the name of Phellopodes.
We marvelled much when we saw they did not
sink, but keep above water, and travel upon it
so boldly. These came unto us, and saluted
us in the Grecian language, and said they were
bound towards Phello, their own country, and
for aa while ran along by us, but at last turned
their own way and left us, wishing us a happy
and prosperous voyage. Within a while after
many islands appeared, and near unto them ,
upon our left hand, stood Phello, the place
136 ΑΛΗΘΟΥΣ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑΣ . Β . 5.

της οδού έβάδιζον εύπλοιαν ημίν επευξά

μενοι. μετ' ολίγον δε πολλαι νήσοι
εφαίνοντο, πλησίον μεν εξ αριστερών η
Φελλώ, εις ήν εκείνοι έσπευδον, πόλις
επί μεγάλου και στρογγύλου φελλού
κατοικουμένη" πόρρωθεν δε και μάλλον
έν δεξιά πέντε μέγισται και υψηλόταται,
και πύρ πολύ απ' αυτών ανεκαίετο.
5. κατά δε την πρώραν μία πλατεία
ταπεινή , σταδίους επέχουσα ουκ
και ταπεινή,
ελάττους πεντακοσίων . ήδη δε πλησίον
τε ημεν και θαυμαστή τις αύρα περι
έπνευσεν ημάς, ηδεία και ευώδης, οίαν φη
σιν ο συγγραφεύς Ηρόδοτος απόζειν της
ευδαίμονος 'Αραβίας. οίον γαρ από ρόδων
και ναρκίσσων και υακίνθων και κρίνων
 TRUE HISTORY. 137

whereunto they were travelling, which was a

city seated upon a mighty great and round
cork. Further off, and more towards the right
hand, we saw five other islands, large and
mountainous, in which much fire was burning ;
but directly before us was a spacious flat island ,
distant from us not above five hundred fur

longs : and approaching somewhat near unto it,

a wonderful fragrant air breathed upon us,
of a most sweet and delicate smell , such as
Herodotus, the story -writer, saith ariseth out
of Arabia the happy, consisting of a mixture
of roses, daffodils, gillyflowers, lilies, violets,
myrtles, bays, and blossoms of vines : such a
dainty odoriferous savour was conveyed unto
us .
138 ΑΛΗΘΟΥΣ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑΣ . Β. 5.

και των, έτι δε μυρρίνης και δάφνης

και αμπελάνθης, τοιούτον ημϊν το ηδυ
προσέβαλλεν. ησθέντες δε τη οσμή και
χρηστα εκ μακρών πόνων ελπίσαντες
κατ ' ολίγον ήδη πλησίον της νήσου
έγιγνόμεθα. ένθα δη και καθεωρώμεν
λιμένας τε πολλούς περί πάσαν ακλύσ
τους και μεγάλους ποταμούς τε διαυγείς
εξιόντας ηρέμα ες την θάλατταν, έτι
δε λειμώνας και ύλας και όρνεα μου
σικά, τα μεν επί των ηϊόνων άδοντα,
πολλά δε και επί των κλάδων : αήρ
τε κούφος και εύπνους περιεκέχυτο την
χώραν και αύραι δέ τινες ηδείαι δι
απνέουσαι ήρέμα την ύλην διεσάλευον,
ώστε και από των κλάδων κινουμένων
 TRUE HISTORY. 139

Being delighted with this smell, and hoping

for better fortunes after our long labours,
we got within a little of the isle, in which we
found many havens on every side, not sub
ject to overflowing, and yet of great capacity,
and rivers of clear water emptying themselves
easily into the sea, with meadows and herbs
and musical birds, some singing upon the
shore, and many upon the branches of trees, a
still and gentle air compassing the whole
country. When pleasant blasts gently stirred
the woods the motion of the branches made a
continual delightsome melody, like the sound
of wind instruments in a solitary place : a kind
of clamour also was heard mixed with it, yet
140 ΑΛΗΘΟΥΣ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑΣ . Β. 6.

τερπνά και συνεχή μέλη απεσυρίζετο

έoικότα τοϊς επ ' ερημίας αυλήμασι των
πλαγίων αυλών. και μην και βοή σύμ
μικτος ηκούετο άθρους, ού θορυβώδης,,
αλλ ' οία γένοιτ' άν έν συμποσίω, των
μεν αυλoύντων, των δε έπαινούντων, ενί
ων δε κροτούντων προς αυλόν ή κιθάραν.
6. τούτοις άπασι κηλούμενοι κατήχθη
.

μεν, ορμίσαντες δε την ναύν απεβαίνο

μεν τον Σκίνθαρον εν αυτή και δύο των
εταίρων απολιπόντες . προϊόντες δε δια
λειμώνος ευανθούς εντυγχάνομεν τοίς
φρουρούς και περιπόλοις , οι δε δήσαντες
ημάς ροδίνoις στεφάνοις- ούτος γαρ μέγι
στος παρ ' αυτούς δεσμός έστιν- ανήγον
ως τον άρχοντα, παρ ' ών δη καθ ' οδόν
 TRUE HISTORY. 141

not tumultuous nor offensive, but like the noise

of a banquet, when some do play on wind in
struments, some commend the music, and some
with their hands applaud the pipe, or the harp.
All which yielded us so great content that we
boldly entered the haven, made fast our ship
and landed, leaving in her only Scintharus and
two more of our companions behind us. Pass
ing along through a sweet meadow we met
with the guards that used to sail about the
island, who took us and bound us with gar
lands of roses (which are the strictest bands
they have), to be carried to their governor :
from them we heard, as we were upon the way,
that it was the island of those that are called
142 ΑΛΗΘΟΥΣ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑΣ . Β. 7, 8.

ηκούσαμεν ως η μεν νήσος είη των Μα

κάρων προσαγορευομένη, αρχος δε ο Κρης
Ραδάμανθυς. και δη αναχθέντες ως αυ
τον εν τάξει των δικαζομένων έστημεν
τέταρτοι .
7. ήν δε η μεν πρώτη δίκη περί
Αίαντος του Τελαμώνος , είτε χρη αυτον
συνεϊναι τοίς ήρωσιν είτε και μή κατ
ηγορείτο δε αυτού ότι μεμήνοι και εαυ
τον αποκτάνοι . τέλος δε πολλών ρηθέν
των έγνω ο Ραδάμανθυς, νύν μεν αυτόν
πιόμενον του ελλεβόρου παραδοθήναι
“Ιπποκράτει τω Κώω ιατρώ, ύστερον δε
σωφρονήσαντα μετέχειν του συμποσίου.
8. δευτέρα δε ήν κρίσις ερωτική, Θη
σέως και Μενελάου περί της Ελένης
 TRUE HISTORY . 143

The
blessed , and that Rhadamanthus was governor See
Tyrant, y .

there, to whom we were brought and placed the

fourth in order of them that were to be

judged.
A contro
The first trial was about Ajax, the son of versy concern
ing Ajax , who,
Telamon, whether he were a meet man to be bybeing overcome
the eloquence
of Ulysses
admitted into the society of the Heroes or armour,
about Achilles
fell
mad and slew
not : the objections against him were his mad- himself..
ness and the killing of himself : and after long
pleading to and fro, Rhadamanthus gave this
sentence, that for the present he should be
put to Hippocrates, the physician of Cos, to
helleborus, and upon the
be purged with helleborus,
recovery of his wits to have admittance .
The second was a controversy of love, The
seus and Menelaus contending which had the
better right to Helen ; but Rhadamanthus gave
144 ΑΛΗΘΟΥΣ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑΣ . Β . 9, το.

διαγωνιζομένων, πoτέρω κρη αυτην συνοι

κεϊν . και ο Ραδάμανθυς εδίκασε Μενε
λάω συνείναι αυτήν άτε και τοσαύτα
πονήσαντι και κινδυνεύσαντι του γάμου
ένεκα και γαρ αυ τω Θησεί και
άλλας είναι γυναίκας τήν τε 'Αμαζόνα
και τας του Μίνωος θυγατέρας.
9. τρίτη δ' εδικάσθη περί προεδρίας
'Αλεξάνδρω τε τω Φιλίππου και 'Αννίβα
τω Καρχηδονίω, και έδοξε προέχειν και
'Αλέξανδρος, και θρόνος αυτώ ετέθη
παρα Κύρον τον Πέρσην τον πρότερον.
10. τέταρτοι δε ημείς προσήχθημεν
.

και ο μεν ήρετο τι παθόντες έτι ζώντες

ιερού χωρίου επιβαίημεν ημείς δε
πάντα εξής διηγησάμεθα . ούτος δη
 TRUE HISTORY. 145

judgment on Menelaus' side, in respect of the

manifold labours and perils he had incurred
for that marriage' sake, whereas Theseus had
wives enough beside to live withal—as the
Amazon, and the daughters of Minos. The Hippolyta.
Ariadne and
Phadra ,
third was a question of precedency between
Alexander
Alexander, the son of Philip, and Hannibal ,
The son of
the Carthaginian, in which Alexander was pre- general
Hamilcar, and
of the
Carthaginians
ferred, and his throne placed next to the elder against the See
Ro.
mans .
PLUTARCH in
Cyrus the Persian . his life .
The son of
In the fourth place we appea red , and translated
appeared, Cambyses,who
the
kingdom from
he demanded of us what reason we had , the Medesto See
Persians .
the
the Surveyors.
being living men, to take land in that sacred The younger
Cyrus was the
son of Darius
country, and we told him all our adventures Nothus and brother to Ar .
of
in order as they befell us : then he com- whom 'Xeno PHON ,

manded us to stand ' aside, and considering

L
146 ΑΛΗΘΟΥΣ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑΣ . Β . 11 .

μεταστησάμενος ημάς επί πολύν χρόνον εσ

κέπτετο και τους συνέδρους εκoινoύτo περί
ημών. συνήδρευον δε άλλοι τε πολλοί
και Αριστείδης και δίκαιος ο Αθηναίος.
ως δε έδοξεν αυτώ, απεφήνατο, της μεν
φιλοπραγμοσύνης και της αποδημίας, επ
ειδαν αποθάνωμεν, δούναι τας ευθύνας, το
δε νύν ρητον χρόνον μείναντας εν τη
νήσω και συνδιαιτηθέντας τους ήρωσιν
απελθείν. έταξε δε και την προθεσμίαν
της επιδημίας μη πλέον μηνών επτά.
11. τούντεύθεν ημίν αυτομάτων των
στεφάνων περιρρυέντων ελελύμεθα και
εις την πόλιν ήγόμεθα και εις το των
Μακάρων συμπόσιον, αύτη μεν ούν η
πόλις πάσα χρυσή, το δε τείχος περί
 TRUE HISTORY. 147

upon it a great while, in the end proposed it

to the benchers, which were many, and among
them Aristides the Athenian , surnamed the PLUTARCH .
Just : and when he was provided what sentence
to deliver, he said that for our busy curiosity
and needless travels we should be accountable
after our death ; but for the present we should
have a time limited for our abode, during
which we should feast with the Heroes and

then depart, prefixing us seven months' liberty

to conclude our tarriance, and no more . Then

our garlands fell off from us of themselves,

and we were set loose and led into the city to
feast with the blessed .
The city was all of gold, compassed the city of the
of He describes

blessed and
with a wall made of the precious stone Elysian feldpers,
petual shame
out- lies Homer
and all the
poets.

L 2
148 ΑΛΗΘΟΥΣ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑΣ . Β . 12 .

κειται σμαράγδινον · πύλαι δε εισιν επτά,

πάσαι μονόξυλοι κινναμώμινοι " το μέν
τοι έδαφος της πόλεως και η εντός του
τείχους γη ελεφαντίνη : ναοί δε πάντων
θεών βηρύλλου λίθου ώκοδομημένοι , και
βωμοί εν αυτοίς μέγιστοι μονόλιθοι άμε
>

θύστινοι, εφ ' ών ποιούσι τας εκατόμβας.

περί δε την πόλιν ρεϊ ποταμός μύρου
του καλλίστου το πλάτος πήχεων εκατόν
βασιλικών , βάθος δε πεντήκοντα , ώστε
νεϊν εύμαρώς. λουτρά δέ έστιν εν αυτοίς
οίκοι μεγάλοι υάλινοι , τω κινναμώμω έγ
καιόμενοι" αντί μέντοι ύδατος εν ταϊς
πυέλους δρόσος θερμή έστιν.
έσθητι δε χρώνται άραχνίοις λεπ
12.

τοϊς, πορφυρούς. αυτοί δε σώματα μεν

 TRUE HISTORY. 149

smaragdus, which had seven gates, every

one cut out of a whole piece of timber
of cinnamon -tree : the pavement of the city
and all the ground within the walls was
ivory : the temples of all the gods are built of
beryl, with large altars made all of one whole
amethyst, upon which they offer their sacri
fices : about the city runneth a river of most
excellent sweet ointment, in breadth an hun
dred cubits of the larger measure, and so deep
that a man may swim in it with ease. For

their baths they have great houses of glass,

which they warm with cinnamon : and their
bathing-tubs are filled with warm dew instead
of water. Their only garments are cobwebs
of purple colour ; neither have they any bodies,
150 ΑΛΗΘΟΥΣ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑΣ . Β. 12 .

ουκ έχουσιν, αλλ' αναφείς και άσαρκοί

είσι , μορφήν δε και ιδέαν μόνην έχουσι
και εμφαίνουσι, και ασώματοι όντες
όμως συνεστασι και κινούνται και φρο
νούσι και φωνήν άφιάσι, και όλως έoικε
γυμνή τις η ψυχή αυτών περιπολεϊν την
του σώματος ομοιότητα περικειμένη ει
γούν μη άψαιτό τις, ουκ αν ελέγξειε
μη είναι σώμα το δρώμενον εισί γαρ
ώσπερ σκιαι ορθαι, ου μέλαιναι. γηράσ
>

κει δε ουδείς, αλλ' εφ' ής αν ηλικίας

έλθη παραμένει. ου μήν ουδε νυξ παρ'
αυτοϊς γίνεται , ουδε ημέρα πάνυ λαμπρά
καθάπερ γαρ το λυκαυγές ήδη προς έω
μηδέπω ανατείλαντος ηλίου, τοιούτο φώς
επέχει την γην. και μέντοι και ώραν
!
 TRUE HISTORY. 151

but are intactile and without flesh, a mere

shape and presentation only : and being thus
bodiless, they yet stand, and are moved , are
intelligent, and can speak : and their naked
soul seemeth to wander up and down in a
corporal likeness : for if a man touch them not
he cannot say otherwise, but that they have
bodies, altogether like shadows standing up
right, and not, as they are, of a dark colour.
No man waxeth any older there than he was
before, but of what age he comes thither, so
he continues. Neither is there any night with
them , nor indeed clear day : but like the
twilight towards morning before the sun be
up, such a kind of light do they live in . They
know but one season of the year which is the
152 ΑΛΗΘΟΥΣ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑΣ . Β. 13 .

μίαν ίσασι του έτους αεί γαρ παρ '

αυτοϊς έαρ εστί και είς άνεμος παρ '
αυτούς πνεϊ και ζέφυρος .
18. ή δε χώρα πάσι μεν άνθεσι, πάσι
.

δε φυτοϊς ημέρους τε και σκιερούς τέθη

λεν ' αι μεν γαρ άμπελοι δωδεκάφοροί
είσι και κατά μήνα έκαστον καρποφο
ρούσι " τας δε ροιας και τας μηλέας
και την άλλην οπώραν έλεγον μεν είναι
τρισκαιδεκάφορον ' ενός γαρ μηνός του
παρ' αύτοϊς Μινώου δις καρποφορεί. αντί
>

δε πυρού οι στάχυες άρτον έτοιμον επ '

άκρων φύoυσιν ώσπερ μύκητας. πηγαι
δε περί την πόλιν ύδατος μέν πέντε και
εξήκοντα και τριακόσιαι, μέλιτος δε άλ
λαι τοσαύται , μύρου δε πεντακόσιαι, μικ
 TRUE HISTORY. 153

spring, and feel no other wind but Zephyrus.

HOMER.
The region flourisheth with all sorts of flowers,
and with all pleasing plants fit for shade : their
vines bear fruit twelve times a year, every
month once : their pomegranate -trees, their
apple -trees, and their other fruit, they say,
bear thirteen times in the year, for in the
month called Minous they bear twice. In

stead of wheat their ears bear them loaves

of bread ready baked, like unto mushrooms.

About the city are three hundred three-score
and five wells of water, and as many of
honey, and five hundred of sweet ointment,
for they are less than the other. They
have seven rivers of milk and eight of
wine.
154 ΑΛΗΘΟΥΣ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑΣ. Β. 14.

ρότεραι μέντοι αύτααύταιι : και ποταμοί

γάλακτος επτα και οίνου οκτώ.
14. το δε συμπόσιον έξω της πόλεως
πεποίηται εν τω Ηλυσίω καλουμένω πε
δίω' λειμων δε εστι κάλλιστος και περί
αυτόν ύλη παντοία , πυκνή , επισκιάζουσα
τους κατακειμένους, και στρωμνή μεν εκ
των ανθέων υποβεβληται . διακονούνται
δε και διαφέρουσιν έκαστα οι άνεμοι
πλήν γε του οινοχοεϊν · τούτου γαρ ου
δέονται, περί δε το συμπόσιον υάλινά
εστι μεγάλα δένδρα της διαυγεστάτης
υαλου, και καρπός έστι των δένδρων τού
των
ποτήρια παντοΐα και τας κατασ
κευάς και τα μεγέθη. επειδαν ούν παρίγη
τις ες το συμπόσιον, τρυγήσας έν ή και
 TRUE HISTORY. 155

They keep their feast without the city

in a field called Elysium , which is a most
pleasant meadow , environed with woods of
all sorts, so thick that they serve for a
shade to all that are invited , who sit upon
beds of flowers, and are waited upon , and
have everything brought unto them by the
winds, unless it be to have the wine filled :
and that there is no need of : for about the

banqueting place are mighty great trees grow

ing of clear and pure glass, and the fruit of
those trees are drinking -cups and other kind
of vessels of what fashion or greatness you
will: and every man that comes to the feast
gathers one or two of those cups, and sets
them before him , which will be full of wine
156 ΑΛΗΘΟΥΣ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑΣ . Β . 15 .

δύο των εκπωμάτων παρατίθεται, τα δε

αυτίκα οίνου πλήρη γίγνεται . ούτω μεν
πίνουσιν . αντί δε των στεφάνων αι αη
δόνες και τα άλλα μουσικά όρνεα εκ των
πλησίον λειμώνων τους στόμασιν ανθολο
γούντα κατανίφει αυτούς μετ ' ωδής υπερ
πετόμενα.. και μην και μυρίζονται ώδε :
νεφέλαι πυκναι ανασπάσασαι μύρον εκ των
πηγών και του ποταμού και επιστάσαι υπέρ
το συμπόσιον ηρέμα των ανέμων υποθλι
βόντων ύoυσι λεπτόν ώσπερ δρόσον.
15. επί δε το δείπνο μουσική τε και
ωδαίς σχολάζουσιν άδεται δε αυτούς τα
του Ομήρου έπη μάλιστα και αυτός
γαρ πάρεστι και συνευωχείται αυτούς
 TRUE HISTORY. 157

presently, and then they drink. Instead of

garlands the nightingales and other musical

birds gather flowers with their beaks out of
the meadows adjoining, and flying over their
heads with chirping notes scatter them among
them .

They are anointed with sweet ointment

in this manner : sundry clouds draw that
unguent out of the fountains and the rivers ,
which settling over the heads of them that
are at the banquet, the least blast of wind
makes a small rain fall upon them like unto
a dew. After supper they spend the time in
music and singing : their ditties that are in
For he was
most request they take out of Homer's verses, in most esteem

who is there present himself and feasteth among the an

158 ΑΛΗΘΟΥΣ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑΣ . Β. 16 .

υπέρ τον Οδυσσέα κατακείμενος. οι μεν

ούν χοροι εκκ παίδων εισί και παρθένων
εξάρχουσι δε και συνάδουσιν Εύνομός τε
και Λοκρός και 'Αρίων ο Λέσβιος και
'Ανακρέων και Στησίχορος και γαρ
>

τούτον παρ' αυτούς εθεασάμην, ήδη της

Ελένης αυτώ διηλλαγμένης. επειδαν δε
ούτοι παύσωνται άδοντες, δεύτερος χορός
παρέρχεται εκ κύκνων και χελιδόνων και
αηδόνων. επειδαν δε και ούτοι άσωσι,
τότε ήδη η πάσα ύλη έπαυλεί των ανέ
μων καταρχόντων .
10. μέγιστον δε δή προς ευφροσύνην
εκείνο έχουσι πηγαί εισι δύο παρά το
συμπόσιον, η μεν γέλωτος, η δε ηδονής :
εκ τούτων εκατέρας πάντες εν αρχή
 TRUE HISTORY. 159

among them, sitting next above Ulysses : their Ulysses had

give place to
who
choirs consist of boys and virgins, which were Homer
lied so, lustily
for his credit.
directed and assisted by Eunomus the Lo Tavo excel
lent musicians.
Two famous
crian, and Arion the Lesbian , and Anacreon,
Stesichorus
and Stesichorus, who hath had a place there inveighed
having much
sainst Helena
ever since his reconcilement with Helena . As in his verses as
the cause of all
the Trojan war,
soon as these have done there enter a second was struck
blind by Castor
and Pollux,
choir of swans, swallows and nightingales ; but upon his
recantation re
covered his
and when they have ended; the whole woods sight.

ring like wind-instruments by the stirring of

the air.

But that which maketh most for their

mirth are two wells adjoining to the ban

queting place, the one of laughter, the
Excellent li
other of pleasure : of these every man drinks quor for afeast.
to begin the feast withal, which makes
160 ΑΛΗΘΟΥΣ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑΣ . Β. 17.

της ευωχίας πίνουσι και το λοιπόν ηδό

μενοι και γελώντες διάγουσι.
17. Bούλομαι δε είπεϊν και των επι
σήμων ούστινας παρ' αυτούς εθεασάμην :
πάντας μεν τους ημιθέους και τους επί
"Ίλιον στρατεύσαντας πλήν γε του Λοκρού
Αίαντος εκείνον δε μόνον έφασκον εν
τω των ασεβών χώρω κολάζεσθαι . βαρ
βάρων δε Κύρους τε αμφοτέρους και τον
Σκύθην 'Ανάχαρσιν και τον Θράκα Ζά
μολξιν και Νουμάν τον Ιταλιώτην, και
μην και Λυκούργον τον Λακεδαιμόνιον και
Φωκίωνα και Τέλλον τους Αθηναίους ,
και τους σοφούς άνευ Περιάνδρου. είδαν
δε και Σωκράτης τον Σωφρονίσκου αδο
λεσχούντα μετα Νέστορος και Παλαμή
 TRUE HISTORY . 161

them spend the whole time in mirth and * This Ajax,

when Troy was
taken , ravished
Cassandra the
laughter . daughter of
Priamus, being
virginto ani!
I will also relate unto you what famous men apriest
nerva in the
Pala
templefor ofwhich
I saw in that association. There were all the las,
demigods, and all that fought against Troy, atempestwhich
dispersed
navy of
Grecians, asthey
excepting Ajax* the Locrian : he only, they returned and
sunk Ajaxwith
told me, was tormented in the region of the a thunderbolt.
+ The only
man
unrighteous. wiseg the Scy.
Of barbarians there was the amon
thians,who, en .
deavouring
elder and the younger Cyrus, and Anacharsist bring to
in the
Athenian laws
his
the Scythian, Zamolxis the Thracian , and amongst barba : ous coun
trymen, was

Numas the Italian . There was also Lycurgus" king,

slain hisby bro.
the
ther. Laert.
the Lacedæmonian , and Phocion and Tellus #Scholar and
servant to Py.

$ The .second
the Athenians," and all the Wise Men , unless thagoras
Roman king.
it were Periander. ** || Lawgiver to
the Lacedæmo.
nians. Plu .
I also saw Socrates, the son of Sophro TARCH .
Two wise

that of
niscus, prattling with Nestor and Palamedes,h min Athens
profe ssed
poverty . PlU .
and close by him stood Hyacinthus the TARCH, ** Who was
King of Co
rinth and a

tyrant.
M Necrom.r.
162 ΑΛΗΘΟΥΣ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑΣ . Β. 18.

δους : περί δε αυτόν ήσαν Υάκινθός τε

ο Λακεδαιμόνιος και ο Θεσπιείς Νάρκισ
σος και "Ύλας και άλλοι πολλοί και
καλοί. και μου έδόκει έραν του Υακίν
θου τα πολλά γούν εκείνον διήλεγχεν.
ελέγετο δε χαλεπαίνειν αυτώ ο Ραδάμαν ν

θυς και ήπειληκέναι πολλάκις εκβαλεϊν

αυτόν εκ της νήσου, ήν φλυαρή και μη
εθέλη αφείς την ειρωνείαν ευωχείσθαι.
Πλάτων δε μόνος ου παρών, αλλ ' ελέ
γετο και αυτός εν τη αναπλασθείση υπ'
αυτού πόλει οικεϊν χρώμενος τη πολιτεία
και τους νόμοις οίς συνέγραψεν.
18 οι μέντοι αμφ' 'Αρίστιππόν τε και
.

'Επίκουρον τα πρώτα παρ' αυτούς εφέ

ροντο δείς τε όντες και κεχαρισμένοι
 TRUE HISTORY. 163

Lacedæmonian, and the gallant Narcissus fesSocr

sed
ates pro
himsel
learned in nof
and Hylas, and other beautiful and lovely love,
thingandbutthatonlyof
young ,
youths, and for aught I could gather by bewhich he held to
the best and

him he was far in love with Hyacinthus , tion,seeingaffec

that
this was the best
for he discoursed with him more than all the means to bring
up the younger
sort in the
of
rest : for which cause, they said , Rhadaman- knowledge
Fondness and
virtue ; but his
made
thus was offended at him, and often threatened enemies
the worst con
struction of it,
to thrust him out of the island if he continued him
and isintherefore
here
these
to play the fool in that fashion, and not give youn
withg and
beautiful lands.
over his idle manner of jesting, when he was
at their banquet. Only Plato was not present,
for they said he dwelled in a city framed by asSuch a one
he would
have in his

himself, observing the same rule of govern- Commonwealth.

ment and laws as he had prescribed for them
to live under.

Aristippus and Epicurus are prime men

amongst them, because they are the most

M 2
164 ΑΛΗΘΟΥΣ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑΣ. Β. 18.

και συμποτικώτατοι. παρήν δε και Αϊ

σωπος οó Φρύξ · τούτω δε όσα και γελω
τοποιώ χρώνται. Διογένης μέν γε ο
Σινωπεύς τοσούτον μετέβαλε του τρόπου,
ώστε γήμαι μεν Λαΐδα την εταίραν,ν
όρχείσθαι δε πολλάκις υπό μέθης ανισ
τάμενον και παροινείν. τών δε Στωϊκών
ουδείς παρην · έτι γαρ ελέγοντο ανα
βαίνειν τον της αρετής όρθιον λόφον.
ακούομεν δε και περί Χρυσίππου ότι ου
πρότερον αυτώ επιβήναι της νήσου θέμις,
πριν το τέταρτον εαυτόν ελλεβορίση.
τους δε 'Ακαδημαϊκούς έλεγον έθέλειν μεν
έλθεϊν, επέχειν δε έτι και διασκέπτεσθαι
μηδε γαρ αυτο τούτο πω καταλαμβάνειν,
εί και νησός τις τοιαύτη εστίν . άλλως
 TRUE HISTORY. 165

jovial good fellows and the best companions.

Diogenes the Sinopean was so far altered
from the man he was before that he married
with Lais the harlot, and was many times
so drunk that he would rise and dance about

the room as a man out of his senses. Æsop The. fable

the Phrygian served them for a jester. There
No Stoics in
was not one Stoic in company but were still Elysium .

busied in ascending the height of virtue's

A
А philoso
hill : and of Chrysippus we heard that it pher,
Zeno,
scholar to
great the
was not lawful for him by any means to este his logician
time, andof
chief of the
touch upon the island until he have the fourth Stoics' sect.
time purged himself with helleborus. The
He means
Academics, they say, were willing enough to not the Platon .
ics, who
come, but that they yet are doubtful and in Academics,
called the old
but
the
suspense, and cannot comprehend how there mics,whowould
affirm nothing,
and held it im .
should be any such island ; but indeed, I possible
anything
that

should be truly
known, and
166 ΑΛΗΘΟΥΣ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑΣ . Β. 19.

τε και την επί του Ραδαμάνθυος, oίμαι,

κρίσιν έδεδοίκεσαν, άτε και το κριτήριον
αυτοι ανηρηκότες. πολλούς δε αυτών
έφασκον ορμηθέντας ακολουθεϊν τοϊς αφικ
νουμένοις, υπό νωθείας δε απολείπεσθαι
μη καταλαμβάνοντας και αναστρέφειν
εκ μέσης της οδού.
19. ούτοι μεν ούν ήσαν οι αξιολογώτα
.

τοι των παρόντων. τιμώσι δε μάλιστα

τον Αχιλλέα και μετά τούτον Θησέα.
περί δε συνουσίας και αφροδισίων ούτω
φρονούσι: μίσγονται μεν αναφανδόν πάν
των δρώντων και γυναιξί και άρρεσι, και
ουδαμώς τούτο αισχρον αυτοϊς δοκεί μό
νος δε Σωκράτης διώμνυτο ή μην καθα
ρώς πλησιάζειν τοϊς νέους και μέντοι
 TRUE HISTORY. 167

think, they were fearful to come to be judged therefore,

sagreed,they abomhe.d
ish all kin
by Rhadamanthus, because themselves have What
fun judgment.
was
difference be
tween these and
abolished all kind of judgment : yet many the Pyrrhoni.
ans or Sceptics ?
of them, they say, had a desire, and would I.seeii.. GELLIUS,
c . 5.

follow after those that were coming hither,

but were so slothful as to give it over

because they were not comprehensive , and

therefore turned back in the midst of their

way.
These were all the men of note that I saw

there; and amongst them all Achilles was

held to be the best man, and next to him
Theseus. For their manner of venery and
copulation thus it is : they couple openly in
the eyes of all men , both with females and
male kind, and no man holds it for any
168 ΑΛΗΘΟΥΣ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑΣ. Β. 20.

πάντες αυτού επιορκεϊν κατεγίνωσκον

πολλάκις γούν και μεν Υάκινθος ή ο Νάρ
κισσος ώμολόγους , εκείνος δε ηρνείτο. αι
δε γυναϊκές εισι πάσι κoιναι και ουδείς
φθονεϊ τώ πλησίον, αλλ ' εισί περί τούτο
μάλιστα Πλατωνικώτατοι και οι παίδες
δε παρέχoυσι τοϊς βουλομένοις ουδεν αντι
λέγοντες.
20. Ούπω δε δύο ή τρείς ημέραι διελη
λύθεσαν, και προσελθών εγω Ομήρω το
ποιητή, σχολής ούσης αμφούν, τα τε

άλλα επυνθανόμων και όθεν είη , λέγων

>

τούτο μάλιστα παρ' ημίν εισέτι νύν ζη

τεΐσθαι. ο δε ουδ' αυτός μεν αγνοεϊν
έφασκεν ως οι μεν Χίον , οι δε Σμυρναίον ,
πολλοί δε και Κολοθώνιον αυτόν νομίζου
 TRUE HISTORY. 169

dishonesty. Only Socrates would swear

deeply that he accompanied young men in

a cleanly fashion, and therefore every man
condemned him for a perjured fellow : and
Hyacinthus and Narcissus both confessed
otherwise for all his denial .

The women there are all in common , and

no man takes exception at it, in which respect
Plato in his
they are absolutely the best Platonists in Commonwealth
would have all
com
the world : and so do the boys yield them- women
selves to any man's pleasure without con
tradiction .

After I had spent two or three days in

this manner, I went to talk with Homer
the poet, our leisure serving us both well,
and to know of him what countryman he
was, a question with us hard to be resolved,
170 ΑΛΗΘΟΥΣ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑΣ . Β. 20.

σιν .
είναι μέντοι γε έλεγε Βαβυλώνιος,
και παρά γε τούς πολίταις ουχ " Όμηρος ,
αλλά Τιγράνης καλείσθαι' ύστερον δε
ομηρεύσας παρά τους Έλλησιν αλλάξει
την προσηγορίαν. έτι δε και περί των
>

αθετουμένων στίχων επηρώτων, εί υπ '

εκείνου εισίν εγγεγραμμένοι . και ος
έφασκε πάντας αυτού είναι . κατεγίνωσ
κον ούν τών αμφί τον Ζηνόδοτος και Αρίσ
ταρχον γραμματικών πολλήν την ψυχρο
λογίαν. έπει δε ταύτα ικανώς απεκρίνατο,
πάλιν αυτόν ηρώτων τί δή ποτε από της
μήνιδος την αρχήν εποιήσατο και ος
είπεν ούτως επελθεϊν αυτώ μηδεν επιτη
δεύσαντι1 . και μην κάκείνο επεθύμουν
είδέναι , εί προτέραν έγραψε την Οδύσ
 TRUE HISTORY. 171

and he said he could not certainly tell him

Seven cities
self, because some said he was of Chios, of Greece strove
for the birth of
some of Smyrna, and many to be of Colo- are
Homer, which
comprised
in this verse :
phon ; but he said indeed he was a Baby- dos,Smyma,Rho
Colophon,
Salamis, Chios,
lonian, and among his own countrymen not Argos, Athenæ.

called Homer but Tigranes, and afterwards

living as an hostage among the Grecians, nifies
"Ouapos sig.
a pledge
or hostage.
he had therefore that name put upon him.
Then I questioned him about those verses
in his books that are disallowed as not of
his making, whether they were written by
him or not, and he told me they were all
his own, much condemning Zenodotus and gram Two carping
marians

Aristarchus, the grammarians, for their weak- ofto correct some

Homer's
verses.

ness in judgment.
This touches
When he had satisfied me in this, I asked some commen
tators upon
who
him again why he began the first verse of have
Homer,
gone about
to give a reason
almiost of every
word he wrote .
 172 ΑΛΗΘΟΥΣ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑΣ . Β. 21.

σειαν της Ιλιάδος, ως οι πολλοί φασιν

και δε ηρνείτο. ότι μεν γαρ ουδε τυφλός
ήν, και και αυτό περί αυτού λέγουσιν, αυ
τίκα ήπιστάμην" εώρα γάρ, ώστε ουδε
πυνθάνεσθαι έδεόμην. πολλάκις δε και
άλλοτε τούτο εποίουν , εί ποτε αυτόν σχο
λήν άγοντα εώρων προσιων γάρ τι επυν
θανόμην αυτού, και ός προθύμως πάλιν
απεκρίνατο, και μάλιστα μετά την δίκην,
επειδή εκράτησεν" ήν γάρ τις γραφή
κατ ' αυτού επενηνεγμένη ύβρεως υπό
Θερσίτου εφ' οίς αυτόν εν τη ποιήσει
* έσκωψε, και ενίκησεν "Ομηρος Οδυσσέως
συναγορεύοντος .
21. κατά δε τους αυτούς χρόνους αφίκετο
και Πυθαγόρας ο Σάμιος επτάκις αλλαγείς
 TRUE HISTORY. 1 173

his poem with anger : and he told me it fell

out so by chance, not upon any premedita
tion . I also desired to know of him whether

he wrote his Odysseys before his Iliads, as

many men do hold : but he said it was not
SO . As for his blindness which is charged
upon him, I soon found it was far other
wise, and perceived it so plainly that I needed
not to question him about it.
Thus was I used to do many days when
I found him idle, and would go to him and
ask him many questions, which he would
give me answer to very freely : especially
when we talked of a trial he had in the court

of justice, wherein he got the better : for

Thersites had preferred a bill of complaint mant
See. b .Necro
against him for abusing him and scoffing at
him in his Poem , in which action Homer
174 ΑΛΗΘΟΥΣ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑΣ. Β. 22 .
.

και εν τοσούτοις ζώοις βιοτεύσας και εκτε

λέσας της ψυχής τας περιόδους. ήν δε
χρυσούς όλον το δεξιον ημίτομον. και
εκρίθη μεν συμπολιτεύσασθαι αυτούς, ενε
δοιάζετο δε έτι πότερον Πυθαγόραν ή
Εύφορβον χρή αυτόν ονομάζειν. και μέντοι
Εμπεδοκλής ήλθε μεν και ούτος, περί
εφθος και το σώμα όλον ώστημένος ου
μην παρεδέχθη καίτοι πολλά ικετεύων .
22 Προϊόντος δε του χρόνου ενέστη και
.

αγών τα παρ' αύτοϊς Θανατούσια. ήγω

νοθέτει δε 'Αχιλλεύς το πέμπτον και
Θησεύς το έβδομον. τα μεν ούν άλλα
μακρόν αν είη λέγειν' τα δε κεφάλαια
των πραχθέντων διηγήσομαι. πάλην μεν
ενίκησε Kάρος και αφ ' Ηρακλέους 'Οδυσ
O
 TRUE HISTORY . 175

Who was an
was acquitted, having Ulysses for his advo eloquent orator.
cate.

About the same time came to us Pythagoras a.SeeTheCock,

h

the Samian, who had changed his shape now

seven times, and lived in as many lives, and
accomplished the periods of his soul. The

right half of his body was wholly of gold ;

and they all agreed that he should have place
amongst them, but were doubtful what to call
him, Pythagoras or Euphorbus. Empedocles Icaromenip. a.

also came to the place, scorched quite over,

as if his body had been broiled upon the
embers ; but could not be admitted for all his
great entreaty .
The time passing thus along, the day of
prizes for masteries of activity now approached,
which they call Thanatusia. The setters of Games and
masteries a
mong the dead.
them forth were Achilles the fifth time, and
176 ΑΛΗΘΟΥΣ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑΣ . Β. 23.

σέα περί του στεφάνου καταγωνισάμενος

πυγμη δε ίση εγένετο 'Αρείου τε του
Αίγυπτίου, ος έν Κορίνθω τέθαπται, και
Επειού αλλήλοις συνελθόντων. παγκρα
τίου δε άθλα ου τίθεται παρ' αυτούς. τον
μέντοι δρόμον ουκέτι μέμνημαι όστις ενί
κησε . ποιητών δε τη μεν αληθεία παρα
πολύ εκράτει "Ομηρος , ενίκησε δε όμως
Ησίοδος . τα δε άθλα ήν άπασι στέφα
νος πλακείς εκ πτερών ταωνείων .
23. "Αρτι δε του αγώνος συντετελεσμένου
ηγγέλλοντο οι εν τω χώρω των ασεβών
κολαζόμενοι απορρήξαντες τα δεσμά και
της φρουράς επικρατήσαντες ελαύνειν επί
την νήσον ηγείσθαι δε αυτών Φάλαρίν
τε τον 'Ακραγαντίνου και Βούσιριν τον
 TRUE HISTORY . 177

Theseus the seventh time . To relate the He alludes to

the manner of
the Roman ma .

whole circumstance would require a long dis- when

gistrates,
they who
ex
hibited plays
course, but the principal points I will deliver. unto names
the people,of
the settersforth
At wrestling Carus, one of the lineage of and
were the
registered
time
how often they
Hercules, had the best, and wan the garland had done it.
from Ulysses . The fight with fists was equal
between Arius the Ægyptian, who was buried
at Corinth, and Epius, that combated for it.
There was no prize appointed for the Pancra- Fighting at
all manner of
weapons.
tian fight : neither do I remember who got
the best in running : but for poetry, though
Homer without question were too good for
Homer and
them all , yet the best was given to Hesiodus. Hesiod lived
about the same

The prizes were all alike, garlands plotted of time

hath, been
andconit.
troverted by
which
peacocks' feathers. many
was the better
poct.
As soon as the games were ended, news
came to us that the damned crew in the
habitation of the wicked had broken their
N
178 ΑΛΗΘΟΥΣ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑΣ . Β. 23.

Αιγύπτιον και Διομήδην τον Θράκα και

τους περί Σκείρωνα και Πιτυοκάμπτην .
ως δε ταύτα ήκουσεν ο Ραδάμανθυς, εκ
τάττει τους ήρωας επί της ήίόνος ηγείτο
δε Θησεύς τε και 'Αχιλλεύς και Αίας και
Τελαμώνιος ήδη σωφρονών και συμμί
ξαντες εμάχοντο και ενίκησαν οι ήρωες
'Αχιλλέως τα πλείστα κατορθώσαντος.
ηρίστευσε δε και Σωκράτης επί τω δεξιά
ταχθείς πολύ μάλλον ή ότε ζων επι
Δηλίω έμάχετο.. προσιόντων γαρ των
πολεμίων ουκ έφυγε και το πρόσωπον
άτρεπτος ήν εφ' οίς και ύστερον εξηρέθη
αυτώ αριστείον, καλός τε και μέγιστος
παράδεισος εν τω προαστείω, ένθα και
LEDARY

AION
FOUND :
nim
i 4 尔
119
Ceviritt M
(1.
Sigitar":
1894
JB
 STORM

bounds,, escaped the gates

to assail the islands
gentine, Busyris they
Thracian , Sciron , Pitoocan
which Rhadamanthus ling the
Heroes in battle array on hore
under the leading of Thesis and Achilles
and Ajax Telamonius, who had
his senses, where they joined light,
Heroes had the day, Achilles during his
very nobly . Socrates also, aho Maced
in the right wing, was noted for a brave
soldier, much better than he was in his life
tinte, in the battle at Delium : for when the
enemy charged him, he neither fled non
changed countenance : wherefore afterwards,
in reward of his valour, he had a prize set
out for him on purpose, which was abeautiful
N2
JB
 TRUE HISTORY. 179

bounds, escaped the gaolers, and were coming

to assail the island, led by Phalaris the Agri- Whowere all
bloody tyrants,
or notorious
gentine, Busyris the Ægyptian, Diomedes the robbers.
Thracian, Sciron, Pituocamptes, and others :
which Rhadamanthus hearing, he ranged the
Heroes in battle array upon the sea -shore,
under the leading of Theseus and Achilles
and Ajax Telamonius, who had now recovered
his senses, where they joined fight; but the
Heroes had the day, Achilles carrying himself
very nobly. Socrates also, who was placed
PLATO in his
in the right wing, was noted for a brave Laches, or Dia
logue of Forti.
soldier, much better than he was in his life- Socrates
tude, praiseth
for his
manhood at De
time, in the battle at Delium : for when the battle
lium ,in which
the Athe.
nians were over .
enemy charged him , he neither fled nor thrown by the
Baotians, and
ran all away.
changed countenance : wherefore afterwards,
in reward of his valour, he had a prize set
out for him on purpose, which was a beautiful Arademiawas
a woody place
N 2
18ο
ΑΛΗΘΟΥΣ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑΣ . Β. 24.

συγκαλών τους εταίρους διελέγετο Νεκρα

καδημίαν τον τόπον προσαγορεύσας.
24. συλλαβόντες ούν τους νενικημένους
και δήσαντες αύθις απέπεμψαν έτι μάλ
λον κολασθησομένους. έγραψε δε και
ταύτην την μάχην "Ομηρος και απιόντι >

μοι έδωκε τα βιβλία κομίζειν τοϊς παρ '

ημίν ανθρώποις " αλλ' ύστερον και ταύτα c

μετα των άλλων απωλέσαμεν. ήν δε η

αρχή του ποιήματος αύτη,
νύν δέ μοι έννεπε, Μούσα, μάχην
νεκύων ηρώων.
τότε δ ' ούν κυάμους εψήσαντες , ώσπερ
παρ ' αυτούς νόμος επειδαν τον πόλεμον
κατορθώσωσιν , είστιώντο τα επινίκια και
εορτήν μεγάλην ήγον" μόνος δε ταύτης ου
W.S
 TRUE HISTORY

and spacious garden planted in the suburbs

of the city , whereunto he invited many and
disputed with them there,giving it the name
of Necracademia .
Then we took the vanquished prisoners,
and bound them , and sent them back to be
punished with greater torments
This fight was also penned by the
my departure, gave me the
my friends, which I afterwards lost
things else beside : but the first verso
poem II remember wasthis: " Tell me now ., Son
Muse, how thedead Heroes fought."
When they overcome in fight, they have
custom to make a feast with sodden
wherewith they banquet together for joy
their victory :only Pythagoras had no part
with them , but sat alool off and lost his
 TRUE HISTORY. 181

aboutm aAthemile
and spacious garden, planted in the suburbs fro ns,
where Socrates
sometimes
of the city, whereunto he invited many, and did hisscholars
and dispute
disputed with them there, giving it the name withthem ;bornhere,
and from hence
of Necracademia . Lucian
this
takes
name,
which signifies
Then we took the vanquished prisoners , the Academyof
thedead .

and bound them, and sent them back to be

punished with greater torments.
This fight was also penned by Homer, who,
at my departure, gave me the book to show
my friends, which I afterwards lost and many
things else beside : but the first verse of the
Somewhat like
poem I remember was this : “ Tell me now, thebeginning of
his Odyss.
Muse, how the dead Heroes fought.”
When they overcome in fight, they have a
custom to make a feast with sodden beans,
wherewith they banquet together for joy of
their victory : only Pythagoras had no part SeeThe Cock.
with them , but sat aloof off, and lost his
I 82 ΑΛΗΘΟΥΣ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑΣ. Β . 25 .

μετείχε Πυθαγόρας, αλλ' άσιτος πόρρω

έκαθέζετο μυσαττόμενος την κυαμοφαγίαν.
25. " Ήδη δε μηνών εξ διεληλυθότων περί
μεσούντα τον έβδομον νεώτερα συνίστατο
πράγματα και Κινύρας και του Σκινθάρου
παίς μέγας τε ών και καλός ήρα επί
πολύν χρόνον ήδη της Ελένης , και αύτη
δε ουκ αφανής ήν έπινώς αγαπώσα τον
νεανίσκον" πολλάκις γούν και διένευον άλλο
ήλοις εν τω συμποσίω και προύπινον
και μόνοι εξανιστάμενοι επλανώντο περί
την ύλην . και δή ποτε υπό του έρωτος
και της αμηχανίας έβουλεύσατο και Κινύ
ρας αρπάσας την Ελένην φυγείν. έδόκει
δε κακείνη ταύτα, οΐχεσθαι απιόντας ές
τινα των επικειμένων νήσων, ήτοι ες την
 TRUE HISTORY. 183

dinner because he could not away with

beans .

Six months were now passed over, and

the seventh halfway onwards, when a new

business was begot amongst us. For Cinyras
the son of Scintharus , a proper tall young
man , had long been in love with Helena ,
and it might plainly be perceived that she
as fondly doted upon him, for they would
still be winking and drinking one to another
whilst they were a -feasting, and rise alone
together, and wander up and down in the
wood. This humour increasing , and knowing
not what course to take , Cinyras ' device was
A second rape
to steal away Helena , whom he found as of Helena .

pliable to run away with him, to some of

the islands adjoining, either to Phello , or
184 ΑΛΗΘΟΥΣ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑΣ . .Β . 26.

Φελλω ή ες την Τυρόεσσαν. συνωμότας

δε πάλαι προσειλήφεσαν τρείς των εται
ρων των εμών τους θρασυτάτους. το
μέντοι πατρί ταύτα ουκ εμήνυσεν ήπίσ
>

τατο γαρ υπ ' αυτού κωλυθησόμενος. ως

δε έδόκει αυτούς, ετέλουν την επιβουλήν.
και επειδή νυξ εγένετο -εγω μεν ου παρ
ήμην ετύγχανον γαρ εν τω συμποσίω
κοιμώμενος- οι δε λαθόντες τους άλλους
αναλαβόντες την Ελένην υπό σπουδής
ανήχθησαν.
28. περί δε το μεσονύκτιον ανεγρόμενος
26

ο Μενέλεως επεί έμαθε την εύνην κενών

της γυναικός, βοήν τε ίστη και τον αδελ
φον παραλαβών ήει προς τον βασιλέα
τον Ραδάμανθυν. ημέρας δε υποφαινού
 TRUE HISTORY. 185

Tyroessa, having before combined with three

of the boldest fellows in my company to join
with them in their conspiracy ; but never
acquainted his father with it, knowing that
he would surely punish him for it.
Being resolved upon this, they watched
their time to put it in practice: for when
night was come, and I absent (for I was
fallen asleep at the feast), they gave a slip to
all the rest, and went away with Helena to
shipboard as fast as they could. Menelaus
waking about midnight, and finding his bed
empty, and his wife gone, made an outcry,
and calling up his brother, went to the court
of Rhadamanthus.
As soon as the day appeared, the scouts
told them they had descried a ship, which
186 ΑΛΗΘΟΥΣ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑΣ, Β . 20.

σης έλεγον οι σκοποί καθορών την ναύν

πολύ απέχουσαν" ούτω δή έμβιβάσας και
“Ραδάμανθυς πεντήκοντα των ηρώων εις
ναύν μονόξυλον ασφοδελίνην παρήγγειλε
διώκειν' οι δε υπό προθυμίας ελαύνοντες
περί μεσημβρίαν καταλαμβάνουσιν αυτους
άρτι ες τον γαλακτώδη ωκεανόν έμβαί
νοντας πλησίον της Τυροέσσης παρα
τοσούτον ήλθον διαδράναι και αναδησά
μενοι την ναύν αλύσει ροδίνη κατέπλεον.
η μεν ούν “Ελένη εδάκρυέ τε και ήσχύ
νετο και ένεκαλύπτετο, τους δε αμφί τον
Κινύραν ανακρίνας πρότερον και Ραδάμαν
θυς, εί τινες και άλλοι αυτοϊς συνίσασιν,
ως ουδένα είπον, εκ των αιδοίων δήσας
 TRUE HISTORY. 187

by that time was got far off into the sea.

Then Rhadamanthus set out a vessel made
of one whole piece of timber of asphodelus
wood, manned with fifty of the Heroes to
pursue after them, which were so willing on
their way, that by noon they had overtaken
them newly entered into the milky ocean ,
not far from Tyroessa , so near were they
got to make an escape. Then took we their
ship and hauled it after us with a chain of
roses and brought it back again .
Rhadamanthus first examined Cinyras and
his companions whether they had any other
partners in this plot, and they confessing
none, were adjudged to be tied fast by the
privy members and sent into the place of
the wicked, there to be tormented, after they
188 ΑΛΗΘΟΥΣ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑΣ . Β . 27.

απέπεμψεν ες τον των ασεβών χώρων

μαλάχη πρότερον μαστιγωθέντας.
27. εψηφίσαντο δε και ημάς εμπροθέσ
μους εκπέμπειν εκ της νήσου την επιού
σαν ημέραν μόνην επιμείναντας . έντα
θα δη εγω εποτνιώμην τε και εδάκρυον
οία έμελλον αγαθά καταλιπών αύθις πλανη
θήσεσθαι . αυτοι μέντοι παρεμυθούντο
λέγοντες oύ πολλών ετών αφίξεσθαι πάλιν
ως αυτούς, και μοι ήδη θρόνον τε και
κλισίαν ές τουπιον επεδείκνυσαν πλησίον
των αρίστων. εγω δε προσελθών τω
Ραδαμάνθει πολλά ικέτευον ειπείν τα
μέλλοντα και υποδείξαι μοι τον πλουν. και
δε έφασκεν αφίξεσθαι μεν ες την πατ
ρίδα πολλά πρότερον πλανηθέντα και
 TRUE HISTORY. 189

had been scourged with rods made of mallows.

Helena, all blubbered with tears, was SO
ashamed of herself that she would not show

her face.. They also decreed to send us

packing out of the country, our prefixed
time being come, and that we should stay
there no longer than the next morrow : where
with I was much aggrieved and wept bitterly
to leave so good a place and turn wanderer
again I knew not whither : but they com
forted me much in telling me that before
many years were past I should be with them
again, and showed me a chair and a bed
prepared for me against the time to come
near unto persons of the best quality.
Then went I to Rhadamanthus, humbly
beseeching him to tell me my future fortunes,
190 ΑΛΗΘΟΥΣ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑΣ . Β. 27.

κινδυνεύσαντα, τον δε χρόνον ουκέτι της

επανόδου προσθείναι ηθέλησεν" αλλά δη
και δεικνυς τας πλησίον νήσους-εφαί
νοντο δε πέντε τον αριθμόν , άλλη δε
έκτη πόρρωθεν - ταύτας μεν είναι έφασκε
τας των ασεβών, τας πλησίον, 'Αφ ' ών,
έφη, ήδη το πολύ πυρ οράς καιόμενον,
έκτη δε εκείνη των ονείρων ή πόλις
μετά ταύτην δε ή της Καλυψούς νησος ,
αλλ ' ουδέπω σοι φαίνεται. επειδαν δε
ταύτας παραπλεύσης, τότε δή αφίξη ές
την μεγάλην ήπειρον την εναντίαν τη
υφ' υμών κατοικουμένη" ενταύθα δη
πολλά παθών και ποικίλα έθνη διελθών
και ανθρώποις αμίκτοις επιδημήσας χρόνω
ποτε ήξεις εις την ετέραν ήπειρον . τοσ
αυτα είπε. .
 TRUE HISTORY. 191

and to direct me in my course ; and he told

me that after many travels and dangers, I
should at last recover my country, but would
not tell me the certain time of my return :
and showing me the islands adjoining, which
were five in number, and a sixth a little
further off, he said, Those nearest are the
islands of the ungodly, which you see burn
ing all in a light fire, but the other sixth
is the island of dreams, and beyond that is
Ogygia, an
the island of Calypso, which you cannot see island between
the Phanician
from hence. When you are past these, you inandSyrianseas
which Calyp
so , a sea -nymph,
shall come into the great continent, over
over Ve drughter of
Oceanus and
, being
against your own country, where you shall tained
Queen, Ulysses enter

in his travels,
suffer many afflictions, and pass through love
and with
fallinghimin
him
many nations, and meet with men of inhuman years.
with her seven
conditions, and at length attain to the other
continent.
192 ΑΛΗΘΟΥΣ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑΣ . Β. 28.

28. και ανασπάσας από της γης μαλά

χης ρίζαν ώρεξέ μοι , ταύτη κελεύσας
εν τοις μεγίστους κινδύνοις προσεύχεσθαι
παρήνεσε δε και εί ποτε αφικοίμην ές
τήνδε την γην, μήτε πυρ μαχαίρα σκα
λεύειν μήτε θέρμους εσθίειν μήτε παιδί
υπέρ τα οκτωκαίδεκα έτη πλησιάζειν"
τούτων γαρ αν μεμνημένον ελπίδας έχειν
της εις την νήσον αφίξεως. τότε μεν
ούν τα περί τον πλούν παρεσκευαζόμην ,
και έπει καιρός ήν, συνειστιώμην αυτοϊς.
τη δε επιούση προσελθών προς "Ομηρον
τον ποιητήν εδεήθην αυτού ποιήσαί μοι
δίστιχον επίγραμμα και επειδή εποίησε,
στήλην βηρύλλου λίθου αναστήσας επέ
1
6
4

( 31
JB

1894
IN
 TRUE HISTORY

When he had told me this he plucked

root of mallows out of the ground, and
reached it to me, commanding me in my
greatest perils to make my prayers to that:
advising me further neither to make in the
fire with my knife, nor to feed uponlupins,
nor to come near a boy when he is past
eighteen years of age: if I were mindful of
this, the hopes would be great that I should
come to the island again .
Then we prepared for our passages and
feasted with them at the usual hour, and
next morrow I went to "Homer, entreating
him to do so much as make an epigram of
two verses for me, which he did : and I
erected a pillar of berylstone near unto the
NE
 TRUE HISTORY . 193

When he had told me this, he plucked a

root of mallows out of the ground , and
reached it to me, commanding me in my
greatest perils to make my prayers to that :
Most have
advising me further neither to rake in the interpreted this
Pythagorean
fire with my knife, nor to feed upon lupins, precept, not to
anger of great
nor to come near a boy when he is past and powerful
persons.
eighteen years of age : if I were mindful of
this, the hopes would be great that I should
come to the island again.
Then we prepared for our passage, and
feasted with them at the usual hour, and
next morrow I went to Homer, entreating
him to do so much as make an epigram of
two verses for me, which he did : and I
erected a pillar of berylstone near unto the

0
194 ΑΛΗΘΟΥΣ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑΣ . Β. 29.

γραψα προς το λιμένι,. το δε επί

γραμμα ήν τοιόνδε .
Λουκιανός τάδε πάντα φίλος μακάρεσσι
θεοίσιν

είδε τε και πάλιν ήλθεν ειν ες πατρίδα

γαϊαν .
20. μείνας δε κακείνην την ημέραν της
.

επιούσης αναγόμην των ηρώων παραπεμ

πόντων. ένθα μοι και Οδυσσεύς προσελ
θων λάθρα της Πηνελόπης δίδωσιν επισ
τολήν εις Ωγυγίαν την νήσον Καλυψοί
κομίζειν. συνέπεμψε δέ μοι ο Ραδάμαν .

θυς τον πορθμέα Ναύπλιον , ίν' ει καταχ

θείημεν ές τας νήσους, μηδείς ημάς συλ
λάβη άτε κατ ' άλλην εμπορίαν κατα
πλέοντας . επει δε τον ευώδη αέρα προϊ
 TRUE HISTORY. 195

haven, and engraved them upon it. The

epigram was this :

Lucian, the gods' belov’d, did once Λουκιανός τάδε

πάντα φίλος
μακάρ :σσι θε
attain oio
Eldé te kal ad.
λιν ήλθεν έην
To see all this, and then go home és πατρίδα
γαϊαν .

again .

After that day's tarrying, we put to sea,

brought onward on our way by the Heroes,
where Ulysses closely coming to me that
Penelope might not see him, conveyed a The wife of
Ulysses.

letter into my hand to deliver to Calypso in

the isle of Ogygia. Rhadamanthus also sent
The son of
Nauplius, the ferryman, along with us, that Neptune and
Amymone, the
if it were our fortune to put into those daughterof Da.
naus, king of
the Argives.
islands, no man should lay hands upon us,
because we were bent upon other employ
ments .

( 2
 1

196 ΑΛΗΘΟΥΣ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑΣ . Β. 30 .

όντες παρεληλύθειμεν, αυτίκα ημάς οσμή

τε δεινή διεδέχετο οίον ασφάλτου και
θείου και πίττης άμα καιομένων, και
κνίσα δε πονηρά και αφόρητος ώσπερ
απ ’ ανθρώπων όπτωμένων, και ο αήρ
ζοφερός και ομιχλώδης, και κατέσταζεν
εξ αυτού δρόσος πιττίνη" ηκούομεν δε και
μαστίγων ψόφον και οιμωγήν ανθρώπων
πολλών .
30. ταϊς μεν ούν άλλαις ου προσέσχο
μεν, ή δε επέβημεν, τοιάδε ήν κύκλω
μεν πάσα κρημνώδης και απόξυρος, πέτ
ραις τραχέσι κατεσκληκυία , δένδρον δ '
ουδεν ουδε ύδωρ ενην" ανερπύσαντες δε
όμως κατά τους κρημνούς προήειμεν διά
τινος ακανθώδους και σκολόπων μεστής
 TRUE HISTORY. 197

No sooner had we passed beyond the smell

of that sweet odour but we felt a horrible
filthy stink, like pitch and brimstone burning,
carrying an intolerable scent with it as if men
were broiling upon burning coals : the air
was dark and muddy, from which distilled a
pitchy kind of dew. We heard also the lash
of the whips, and the roarings of the tor
mented : yet went we not to visit all the
The Islands
islands, but that wherein we landed was of of thetormented .

this form : it was wholly compassed about

with steep, sharp, and craggy rocks, without
either wood or water : yet we made a shift
to scramble up among the cliffs, and so went
forwards in a way quite overgrown with
briars and thorns through a most villainous
198 ΑΛΗΘΟΥΣ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑΣ. Β. 31.

ατραπού, πολλήν αμορφίαν της χώρας

εχούσης. ελθόντες δε επί την ειρκτην
και το κολαστήριον πρώτα μεν την
φύσιν του τόπου έθαυμάζομεν το μεν
γάρ έδαφος αυτό μαχαίραις και σκόλοψι
πάντη εξυνθήκει, κύκλω δε ποταμοί περι
έρρεoν, ο μεν βορβόρου, και δε δεύτερος
αίματος , και δε ένδον πυρός, πάνυ μέγας
0

ούτος και απέρατος, και έρρει ώσπερ

ύδωρ και έκυματούτο ώσπερ θάλαττα,
και ιχθύς δε είχε πολλούς, τους μεν
δαλοϊς προσεοικότας, τους δε μικρούς άν
θραξι πεπυρωμένοις, εκάλουν δε αυτούς
λυχνίσκους .
31. είσοδος δε μία στενή δια πάντων,
>

και πυλωρός έφειστήκει Τίμων ο Αθη

 TRUE HISTORY. 199

ghastly country, and coming at last to the

prison and place of torment we wondered to
see the nature and quality of the soil, which
brought forth no other flowers but swords
and daggers, and round about it ran certain
rivers, the first of dirt, the second of blood ,
and the innermost of burning fire, which was
very broad and unpassable, floating like water,
and working like the waves of the sea, full
of sundry fishes, some as big as firebrands,
others of a less size like coals of fire, and
these they call Lychniscies .
There was but one narrow entrance into it,
and Timon of Athens appointed to keep the
door, yet we got in by the help of Nauplius,
and saw them that were tormented, both
200 ΑΛΗΘΟΥΣ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑΣ . Β . 31.

ναίος. παρελθόντες δε όμως του Ναυπλίου

καθηγουμένου εωρώμεν κολαζομένους πολ
λους μεν βασιλέας, πολλούς δε και ιδιώ
τας, ών ένίους και εγνωρίζομεν " είδομεν
δε και τον Κινύραν καπνώ υποτυφόμενον
εκ των αιδοίων απηρτημένον . προσετί
θεσαν δε οι περιηγηται και τους εκάσ
των βίους και τας αιτίας εφ ' αίς κολά
ζονται και μεγίστας απασών τιμωρίας
υπέμενον οι ψευσάμενοί τι παρά τον βίον
και οι μη ταληθή συγγεγραφότες , εν
οίς και Κτησίας ο Κνίδιος ήν και Ηρόδο
τος και άλλοι πολλοί. τούτους ούν ορών
εγώ χρηστάς είχον εις τουπιον τας ελπί
δας' ουδεν γαρ έμαυτώ ψεύδος είπόντι
συνηπιστάμην.
 TRUE HISTORY. 201

kings and private persons very many, of

which there were some that I knew , for there

I saw Cinyrus tied by private members , and
hanging up in the smoke . But the greatest
torments of all are inflicted upon them that
told any lies in their lifetime, and wrote
untruly , as Ctesias the Cnidian , Herodotus , Two historia
ans .

and many other , which I beholding, was put

in great hopes that I should never have any
Witness this
thing to do there , for I do not know that history.
ever I spake any untruth in my life. We
therefore returned speedily to our ship (for
we could endure the sight no longer ), and
taking our leaves of Nauplius , sent him back
again .
202 ΑΛΗΘΟΥΣ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑΣ. Β. 32.

32. ταχέως δ' ούν αναστρέψας επί την

ναύν- ουδε γαρ ηδυνάμην φέρειν την
όψιν - ασπασάμενος τον Ναύπλιον απέ
πλευσα και μετ ' ολίγον εφαίνετο πλη
σίον ή των ονείρων νήσος, αμυδρά και
ασαφής ιδείν είχε δε και αυτή τι τους
ονείροις παραπλήσιον υπεχώρει γαρ προ
σιόντων ημών και υπέφευγε και πορρω
τέρω υπέβαινε. καταλαβόντες δέ ποτε
αυτήν και έσπλεύσαντες ες τον "Ύπνον
λιμένα προσαγορευόμενον πλησίον των
α
πυλών των ελεφαντίνων, ή το του 'Αλεκ
τρυόνος ιερόν έστι, περί δείλην όψίαν
απεβαίνομεν , παρελθόντες δε ες την
πόλιν πολλούς ονείρους και ποικίλους έωρ
ωμεν . πρώτον δε βούλομαι περί της
 TRUE HISTORY. 203

The Island
A little after appeared the Isle of Dreams and City of
Dreams de
near unto us, an obscure country and un- scribed.
perspicuous to the eye, endued with the
same quality as dreams themselves are : for
as we drew, it still gave back and fled
from us , that it seemed to be farther

off than at the first, but in the end we

attained it and entered the haven called

Hypnus, and adjoined to the gate of Orvos, sleep.

ivory, where the temple of Alectryon stands,
and took land somewhat late in the even- Or, Alector.

ing
Entering the gate we saw many dreams of See The Cock.
A

sundry fashions; but I will first tell you

somewhat of the city, because no man else
hath written any description of it : only
204 ΑΛΗΘΟΥΣ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑΣ. Β. 33.

πόλεως είπεϊν , επεί μηδε άλλω τινι γέ

γραπται περί αυτής, ός δε και μόνος
επεμνήσθη "Ομηρος, ού πάνυ ακριβώς
συνέγραψε .
3. κύκλω μεν περί πάσαν αυτην ύλη
.

ανέστηκε, τα δένδρα δε εστι μήκωνες

υψηλαι και μανδραγόραι και επ' αυτώνT

πολύ τι πλήθος νυκτερίδων " τούτο γαρ

μόνον έν τη νήσο γίνεται όρνεον. ποτα
μός δε παραρρεϊ πλησίον ο υπ ' αυτών
καλούμενος Νυκτιπόρος, και πηγαι δύο
παρά τας πύλας" ονόματα και ταύταις,
τη μεν Νήγρετος, τη δε Παννυχία. Ο
περίβολος δε της πόλεως υψηλός τε και
ποικίλος, ίριδι την χρόαν ομοιότατος.
πύλαι μέντοι έπεισιν ου δύο, καθάπερ
!
 MOND

th
 TRUE HISTORY

Homer hath touched it a little but to small

purpose
It is round about environed with a wood ,
the trees whereof are exceeding high poppies
and mandragoras, in which an infinite num GUE
ber of owls do nestle, and no other birds
to be seen in the island : near unto it is
a river running, called by them Nyctiporus.
and at the gates are two wells, the one
named Negretus, the other Pannychia . The
wall of the city is high and of a changeable
colour, like unto the rainbow , in which are
four gates, though Homer speak but of
two : for there are two which look toward
the fields of sloth , the one made of iron , the
 TRUE HISTORY. 205

Odyss. lib. 9,
Homer hath touched it a little, but to small v. 562.

purpose.
It is round about environed with a wood ,
the trees whereof are exceeding high poppies
and mandragoras, in which an infinite num Herbs pro
curing sleep.
The
ber of owls do nestle, and no other birds both of places
andpersonshere
to be seen in the island : near unto it is of such words
as signify some
a river running , called by them Nyctiporus, orto dreams,sleep,
to the night.
and at the gates are two wells, the one
named Negretus, the other Pannychia . The
wall of the city is high and of a changeable
colour, like unto the rainbow , in which are
four gates, though Homer speak but of
two : for there are two which look toward
the fields of sloth, the one made of iron, the
206 ΑΛΗΘΟΥΣ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑΣ . Β. 33.

" Ομηρος είρηκεν, αλλά τέτταρες, δύο

μεν προς το της Βλακείας πεδίον απο
βλέπουσαι , η μεν σιδηρά, η δε εκ κερά
μου πεποιημένη, καθ' ας ελέγοντο απο
δημεϊν αυτών οί τε φοβεροί και φονικοί
και απηνείς, δύο δε προς τον λιμένα και
την θάλατταν, η μεν κερατίνη, καθ '
ην ημείς παρήλθομεν, η δε ελεφαντίνη.
είσιόντι δε ες την πόλιν έν δεξιά μέν
έστι το Νυκτώον σέβουσι γαρ θεών
ταύτην μάλιστα και τον 'Aλεκτρυόνα
εκείνω δε πλησίον του λιμένος το ιερόν
πεποίηται . εν αριστερά δε τα του
"Ύπνου βασίλεια . ούτος γαρ δή άρχει
παρ' αυτούς σατράπας δύο και υπάρχους
πεποιημένος, Ταραξίωνά τε τον Μαται
 TRUE HISTORY. 207

other of potter's clay, through which those

dreams have passage that represent fearful,
bloody, and cruel matters : the other two
behold the haven and the sea, of which the
one is made of horn , the other of ivory,
which we went in at.

As we entered the city, on the right hand

stands the temple of the Night, whom, with
Alectryon, they reverence above all the gods :
for he hath also a temple built for him
near unto the haven. On the left hand

stands the palace of sleep, for he is

the sovereign king over them all , and
hath deputed two great princes to govern
under him, namely, Taraxion, the son of
Matogenes, and Plutocles, the son of Phan
tasion .
208 ΑΛΗΘΟΥΣ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑΣ . Β. 34.

ογένους και Πλουτοκλέα τον Φαντασίωνος.

εν μέση δε τη αγορά πηγή της έστιν,
ήν καλούσι Καρεώτιν και πλησίον ναοί
δύο, 'Απάτης και Αληθείας ένθα και
το άδυτόν έστιν αυτούς και το μαντείον ,
oυ πρoειστήκει προφητεύων 'Αντιφών και
των ονείρων υποκριτής, ταύτης παρά του
"Ύπνου λαχων της τιμής.
84. αυτών μέντοι των ονείρων ούτε
φύσις ούτε ιδέα ή αυτή. αλλ' οι μεν
μακροί τε ήσαν και μαλακοί και καλοί
και ευειδείς , οι δε σκληροί και μικροί
και άμορφοι, και οι μεν χρύσεοι, ως
έδόκουν, οι δε ταπεινοί τε και ευτελείς.
ήσαν δ' εν αυτούς και πτερωτοί τινες
και τερατώδεις, και άλλοι καθάπερ ες
WA
 TRUE HISTORY

In themiddest of the marketplace

well, by the called Careous, and two
temples adjoining the one offalschood ,
the other of truth, which have either of
them a private cell peculiar to thepriests,
and an oracle, in which the chief prophet
is Antiphon , the interpreter of dreams, who
was preferred by Sleep to that place
dignity
These dreams are not all alikeither in
nature or shape, for some of them are long,
beautiful, and pleasing : others again areas
short and deformed. Some make show to

be of gold , and others to be as baso

beggarly. Some of them had wings
were of monstrous forms others set
 TRUE HISTORY. 209

In the middest of the market-place is a

them called Careotis, and two
well, by them
temples adjoining, the one of falsehood, .

the other of truth , which have either of

them a private cell peculiar to the priests,
and an oracle, in which the chief prophet
is Antiphon, the interpreter of dreams, who
was preferred by Sleep to that place of
dignity.
These dreams are not all alike either in

nature or shape, for some of them are long,

beautiful, and pleasing : others again are as
short and deformed. Some make show to
be of gold , and others to be as base and
beggarly. Some of them had wings, and
were of monstrous forms : others set out in

Р
21ο ΑΛΗΘΟΥΣ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑΣ. Β . 35 .

πομπην διεσκευασμένοι , οι μεν ές βασι

λέας, οι δε ες θεούς, οι δε εις άλλα
τοιαύτα κεκοσμημένοι. πολλούς δε αυτών
και εγνωρίσαμεν πάλαι παρ' ημίν έωρα
κότες, οι δη και προσήεσαν και ησπά
ζοντο ως άν και συνήθεις υπάρχοντες,
και παραλαβόντες ημάς και κατακoιμί
σαντες πάνυ λαμπρώς και δεξιώς εξέ
νιζον, τήν τε άλλην υποδοχήν μεγαλο
πρεπή κατασκευάσαντες και υπισχνούμε
νοι βασιλέας τε ποιήσεις και σατράπας.
ένιοι δε και απήγον ημάς εις τας πατρί
δας και τους οικείους επεδείκνυον και
αυθημερόν επανήγον .
ημέρας μεν ούν τριάκοντα και ίσας
35 .

νύκτας παρ' αυτούς εμείναμεν καθεύδοντες

 TRUE HISTORY. 211

pomp, as it were in a triumph, representing

the appearances of kings, gods, and other
persons .

Many of them were of our acquaintance,

for they had been seen of us before, which
came unto us and saluted us as their old

friends, and took us and lulled us asleep,

and feasted us nobly and courteously, pro
mising beside all other entertainment which
was sumptuous and costly, to make us kings
and princes. Some of them brought us home
to our own country to show us our friends
there, and come back with us the next
morrow .

Thus we spent thirty days and as many

nights among them , sleeping and feasting

P2
212 ΑΛΗΘΟΥΣ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑΣ . Β . 35.

και ευωχούμενοι. έπειτα άφνω βροντής

μεγάλης καταρραγείσης ανεγρόμενοι και
αναθoρόντες ανήχθημεν επισιτισάμενοι.
τριταίοι δ ' εκείθεν τη 'Ωγυγία νήσω
προσσχόντες επιβαίνομεν. πρότερον δ '
εγω λύσας την επιστολήν ανεγίνωσκον
τα γεγραμμένα . ήν δε τοιάδε' ,, Οδυσ
σεύς Καλυψοί χαίρειν. "Ισθι με, ως τα
πρώτα εξέπλευσα παρά σου την σχεδίαν
κατασκευασάμενος, ναυαγία χρησάμενον
μόλις υπό Λευκοθέας διασωθήναι εις την
των Φαιάκων χώραν, υφ' ών ες την
οικείαν αποπεμφθείς κατέλαβον πολλούς
της γυναικός μνηστήρας εν τοϊς ημετέ
ροις τρυφώντας αποκτείνας δε άπαντας
υπό Τηλεγόνου ύστερον του εκ Κίρκης
EK
 TRUE HISTORY. 213

all the while, until a sudden clap of thunder

awakened us all , and we starting up, pro
vided ourselves of victuals, and took sea
again, and on the third day landed in
Ogygia. But upon the way I opened the
letter I was to deliver, and read the contents,
which were these :

Ulysses to Calypso sendeth greeting. Homer,Odyss.

This is to give you to understand that after
my departure from you in the vessel I made
in haste for myself, I suffered shipwreck,
and hardly escaped by the help of Leucothea
into the country of the Phæacks, who sent
me to mine own home, where I found many
that were wooers to my wife, and riotously
consumed my means ; but I slew them all,
214 ΑΛΗΘΟΥΣ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑΣ. Β. 36.

μοι γενομένου ανηρέθην , και νύν είμι εν

τη Μακάρων νήσω πάνυ μετανοών επί
τω καταλιπείν την παρα σοι δίαιταν και
την υπό σου προτεινομένην αθανασίαν.
ήν ούν καιρού λάβωμαι , αποδράς αφίξο
μαι προς σε.. “ ταύτα μεν εδήλου η
επιστολή , και περί ημών, όπως ξενισ
θώμεν.
έγω δε προελθών ολίγον από της
36.

θαλάττης εύρον το σπήλαιον τοιούτον οίον

" Ομηρος είπε, και αυτην ταλασιουργού
σαν . ως δε την επιστολήν έλαβε και
επελέξατο, πρώτα μεν επί πολύ εδάκ
ρυεν, έπειτα δε παρεκάλει ημάς επί
ξενία και είστία λαμπρώς και περί του
Οδυσσέως επυνθάνετο και περί της Πη
 TRUE HISTORY. 215

and was afterwards killed myself by my son

Who being
Telegonus, whom I begat of Circe, and am told by his mo
ther whose son
now in the island of the blessed, where I hewas,travelled
to
,
daily repent myself for refusing to live with bybeingthekeptguard,
back
and not suffered
to have admit .
you, and forsaking the immortality proffered tance, he slew
,
me by you ; but if I can spy a convenient Ulysses
and at length
being
drawn thither
time, I will give them all the slip and come by the tumult,
Telegonus not
knowing who he
to you ." was, ignorantly
slew him .
This was the effect of the letter, with
some addition concerning us, that we should
have entertainment : and far had I not gone
from the sea but I found such a cave as

Homer speaks of, and she herself working

busily at her wool. When she had received

the letter, and brought us in, she began to

weep and take on grievously, but afterwards
 ΑΛΗΘΟΥΣΣ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑΣ .
216 ΑΛΗΘΟΥ Β . 37.

νελόπης, οποία τε είη την όψιν και ει

σώφρων, καθάπερ Οδυσσεύς πάλαι περί
αυτής εκόμπαζε και εμείς τοιαύτα απε
κρινάμεθα, εξ ών εικάζομεν ευφρανείσθαι
αυτήν. τότε μεν ούν απελθόντες επί την
ναύν πλησίον επί της ήίόνος εκοιμήθημεν.
87. έωθεν δε αναγόμεθα σφοδρότερον
κατιόντος του πνεύματος και δη χειμασ
θέντες ημέρας δύο τη τρίτη περιπίπτομεν
τοϊς Κολοκυνθοπειραταϊς . άνθρωποι δε
εισιν ούτοι άγριοι εκ των πλησίον νήσων
ληστεύοντες τους παραπλέοντας . τα πλοία
δε έχουσι μεγάλα κολοκύνθινα το μήκος
πήχεων εξήκοντα επειδαν γαρ ξηράνωσι
την κολοκυνθαν , κοιλάναντες αυτήν και
εξελόντες την εντεριώνην εμπλέoυσιν , ίσ
 TRUE HISTORY . 217

she called us to meat, and made us very

good cheer, asking us many questions con
cerning Ulysses and Penelope, whether she
was so beautiful and modest as Ulysses had
often before bragged of her.
And we made her such answer as we

thought would give her best content : and

departing to our ship, reposed ourselves near
unto the shore, and in the morning put to
sea, where we were taken with a violent

storm, which tossed us two days together,

and on the third we fell among the Colocyn
thopiratans. These are a wild kind of men,
that issue out of the islands adjoining, and
prey upon passengers, and for their shipping
have mighty great gourds six cubits in
218 ΑΛΗΘΟΥΣ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑΣ. Β. 38.

τοϊς μεν χρώμενοι καλαμίνοις, αντί δε

της οθόνης τα φύλλα της κολοκύνθης..
προσβαλόντες ούν ημίν από δύο πληρω
μάτων εμάχοντο και πολλούς κατετραυ
μάτιζον βάλλοντες τω σπέρματι των
κολοκυνθών . αγχωμάλως δε επί πολύ
ναυμαχούντες περί μεσημβρίαν είδομεν
κατόπιν των Κολοκυνθοπειρατών προσπλέ
οντας τους Καρυοναύτας. πολέμιοι δε
ήσαν αλλήλοις, ως έδειξαν" επεί γαρ
εκείνοι ήσθοντο αυτους επιόντας, ημών
μεν ώλιγώρησαν, τραπόμενοι δε επ'
εκείνους έναυμάχουν.
ημείς δε εν τοσούτω επάραντες την
38.

οθόνην έφεύγομεν απολιπόντες αυτούς μα

χομένους. και δηλοι ήσαν κρατέσοντες οι
 TRUE HISTORY. 219

length, which they make hollow when they

are ripe , ' and cleanse out all that is within
them, and use the rinds for ships, making
their masts of reeds, and their sails of the
gourd leaves.
These set upon us with two ships fur
nished and fought with us, and wounded
many, casting at us instead of stones the
seeds of those gourds. The fight was con
tinued with equal fortune until about noon ,
at which time, behind the Colocynthopiratans,
we espied the Caryonautans coming on, who,
as it appeared, were enemies to the other,
for when they saw them approach, they for
sook us and turned about to fight with
them ; and in the mean space we hoist sail
and away, leaving them together by the ears,
220 ΑΛΗΘΟΥΣ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑΣ . Β. 39.

Καρυοναύται άτε και πλείους - πέντε γαρ

είχον πληρώματα και από ισχυροτέρων
νεών μαχόμενοι τα γαρ πλοία ήν αυτούς
κελύφη, καρύων ημίτομα , κεκενωμένα,
μέγεθος δε εκάστου ημιτομίου ές μήκος
όργυιαι πεντεκαίδεκα . έπει δε απεκρύ
ψαμεν αυτούς, ώμεθά τε τους τραυμα
τίας και το λοιπόν εν τοις όπλοις ήμεν
ως επίπαν αεί τινας επιβουλές προσδε
χόμενοι' ου μάτην .
39. ούπω γούν εδεδώκει ο ήλιος, και
από τινος ερήμου νήσου προσήλαυνον ημίν
όσον είκοσιν άνδρες επί δελφίνων μεγά
λων οχούμενοι , λησται και ούτοι και οι
δελφίνες αυτούς έφερον ασφαλώς, και
αναπηδώντες εχρεμέτιζον ώσπερ ίπποι.
 TRUE HISTORY. 221

and no doubt but the Caryonautans had the

better of the day, for they exceeded in num
ber, having five ships well furnished, and
their vessels of greater strength, for they are
made of nutshells cloven in the midst and
cleansed, of which every half is fifteen fathom
in length .
When we were got out of sight we were
careful for the curing of our hurt men, and
from that time forwards went no more un

armed, fearing continually to be assaulted on

the sudden : and good cause we had : for
before sunsetting some twenty men or there
abouts, which also were pirates, made towards
us, riding upon monstrous great dolphins,
which carried them surely : and when their
riders gat upon their backs, would neigh
222 ΑΛΗΘΟΥΣ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑΣ . Β. 40.

έπει δε πλησίον ήσαν, διαστάντες οι μεν

ένθεν, οι δε ένθεν έβαλλον ημάς σηπίαις
ξηραϊς και οφθαλμούς καρκίνων. τοξευόν
των δε και ημών και ακοντιζόντων ουκέτι
υπέμειναν, αλλά τρωθέντες οι πολλοί
αυτών προς την νήσον κατέφυγον.
περί δε το μεσονύκτιον γαλήνης
40 .

ούσης ελάβομεν πρoσoκείλαντες αλκυονος

καλιά παμμεγέθει σταδίων γούν ήν αύτη
εξήκοντα το περίμετρον. επέπλει δε η
αλκυών τα ωα θάλπουσα ου πολύ μείων
της καλιάς . και δη αναπταμένη μικρού
μεν κατέδυσε την ναύν τώ ανέμω των
πτερών" ώχετο δ ' ούν φεύγουσα γοεράν
τινα φωνήν προϊεμένη. έσβάντες δε
ημεϊς ημέρας ήδη υποφαινούσης έθεώ
 TRUE HISTORY. 223

like horses. When they were come near us,

themselves,
they divided themselve s, some on the one
side, and some on the other, and flung at
us with dried cuttle- fishes and the eyes of
sea-crabs ; but when we shot at them again
and hurt them, they would not abide it,
but fled to the island, the most of them
wounded .

About midnight, the sea being calm, we

fell before we were aware upon a mighty
great halcyon's nest, in compass no less than or kingfisher.
threescore furlongs, in which the halcyon
herself sailed, as she was hatching her eggs,
in quantity almost equalling the nest, for
when she took her wings, the blast of her
feathers had like to have overturned our
ship, making a lamentable noise as she few
along
224 ΑΛΗΘΟΥΣ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑΣ . Β . 41 .

μεθα την καλιαν σχεδία μεγάλη προσ

εοικυίαν εκ δένδρων μεγάλων συμπεφο
ρημένην επην δε και θα πεντακόσια ,
έκαστον αυτών Χίου πίθου περιπληθέστε
ρον. ήδη μέντοι και οι νεοττοι ένδοθεν
εφαίνοντο και έκρωζον. πελέκεσιν ούν
διακόψαντες εν των ωων νεοττόν άπτερον
εξεκολάψαμεν είκοσι γυπων αδρότερον .
41. έπει δε πλέοντες απείχομεν της
καλιάς όσον σταδίους διακοσίους , τέρατα
ημίν μεγάλα και θαυμαστά επεσήμανεν
και τε γαρ εν τη πρύμνη χηνίσκος άφνω
έπτερύξατο και ανεβόησε , και ο κυβερ
0

νήτης ο Σκίνθαρος φαλακρός ήδη ών άνε

κόμησε, και το πάντων δή παραδοξότατον,
ο γαρ ιστος της νεως έξεβλάστησε και
 R
OM SPO
C S Y
PUBLI LIERA

ASOR , LEDNAOTXION
IN HOUN
 .· As soon as it was do
and found it to be a nest fashion
great lighter, with trees plated
one within another, in which welive
dred eggs, every one bigger
Chios measure, and so near
hatching that the young chick
seen and began to cry. Then
we hewed one of the eggs in
cut out a young one that had no
which yet was bigger than twenty
vultures .

When we had gone some two hundred

furlongs from this nest, fearful pada
strange tokens appeared unto
carved goose, that stood for an
 TRUE HISTORY. 225

As soon as it was day, we got upon it,

and found it to be a nest, fashioned like a
great lighter, with trees plaited and wound
one within another, in which were five hun
dred eggs, every one bigger than a tun of
Chios measure, and so near their time of
hatching that the young chickens might be
seen and began to cry . Then with an axe

we hewed one of the eggs in pieces , and

cut out a young one that had no feathers,
which yet was bigger than twenty of our
vultures .

When we had gone some two hundred

furlongs from this nest, fearful prodigies and
strange tokens appeared unto us, for the
carved goose,, that stood for an ornament on

Q
226 ΑΛΗΘΟΥΣ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑΣ . Β. 42.

κλάδους ανέφευσε και επί τω άκρω εκαρ

ποφόρησεν, ο δε καρπός ήν σύκα και
σταφυλή μέλαινα, ούπω πεπειρος. ταύτα
ιδόντες ως το είκός εταράχθημεν και
ηυχόμεθα τους θεούς αποτρέψαι το αλ
λόκοτος του φαντάσματος.
ούπω δε πεντακοσίους σταδίους διελ
42.

θόντες είδομεν ύλην μεγίστης και λάσιον

πιτύων και κυπαρίττων. και ημείς μεν
εικάσαμεν ήπειρον είναι το δε ήν πέ
λαγος άβυσσον άρρίζοις δένδροις καταπε .
φυτευμένον ειστήκει δε τα δένδρα όμως
ακίνητα, ορθά καθάπερ επιπλέοντα. πλη
σιάσαντες γούν και το παν κατανοήσαν
τες έν απόρω είχόμεθα τί χρη δρών
ούτε γαρ δια των δένδρων πλεϊν δυνα
 TRUE HISTORY. 227

the stern of our ship, suddenly flushed out

with feathers and began to cry. Scintharus,
our pilot, that was a bald man, in an instant
was covered with hair : and which was more

strange than all the rest, the mast of our

ship began to bud out with branches and
to bear fruit at the top, both of figs and
great clusters of grapes, but not yet ripe.
Upon the sight of this we had great cause
to be troubled in mind , and therefore be
sought the gods to avert from us the evil
that by these tokens was portended.
And we had not passed full out five hun
dred furlongs, but we came in view of a
mighty wood of pine - trees and cypress,
which made us think it had been land, when
it was indeed a sea of infinite depth, planted
with trees that had no roots, but floated
Q 2
228 ΑΛΗΘΟΥΣ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑΣ . Β. 42.

τον ήν-πυκνά γαρ και προσεχή υπήρ

χεν - ούτε αναστρέφειν έδόκει ράδιον.
εγώ δε ανελθών επί το μέγιστον δένδρον
απεσκόπουν τα επέκεινα όπως έχοι, και
εώρων επί σταδίους μεν πεντήκοντα ή
ολίγω πλείους την ύλην ούσαν, έπειτα
δε αύθις έτερον ωκεανών εκδεχόμενον. και
δή έδόκει ημίν αναθεμένους την ναύν
'
επί την κόμης των δένδρων - πυκνή δε
ήν-υπερβιβάσαι, ει δυναίμεθα, ές την
θάλατταν την ετέραν και ούτως έποιού
μεν. εκδήσαντες γαρ αυτην κάλω με
γάλω και ανελθόντες επί τα δένδρα
μόλις ανιμησάμεθα , και θέντες επί των
κλάδων, πετάσαντες τα ιστία καθάπερ
έν θαλάττη έπλέομεν του ανέμου προω
 LIERARY

ACTOR , EXNOX S
1140N FOUNDATION
)0ଏ

1894
JBC
 TRUE HISTORY

firm and upright, standing upon the

When we came to it and found how
case stood with us, we knew not what
with ourselves. To go forwards through the
trees was altogether impossible they were
so thick and grew so close together : and to
turn again with safety was as much unlikely
therefore got me up tothe top of the
highest tree to discover, if I could, what
was beyond ; and I found the breadth of
the wood to be fifty furlongs or there
about, and then appeared another ocean
to receive us. Wherefore we thought it
best to assay to lift up our ship upon the
leaves of the trees which were thick gron
and by that means pass over, if it were
possible, to the other ocean and so we
did : for fastening a strong cable to our
10
 TRUE HISTORY. 229

firm and upright, standing upon the water.

When we came to it and found how the

case stood with us, we knew not what to do

with ourselves. To go forwards through the
trees was altogether impossible : they were
so thick and grew so close together : and to
turn again with safety was as much unlikely.
I therefore got me up to the top of the
highest tree to discover, if I could, what
was beyond ; and I found the breadth of
the wood to be fifty furlongs or there

about, and then appeared another ocean

to receive us . Wherefore we thought it
best to assay to lift up our ship upon the
leaves of the trees which were thick grown ,
and by that means pass over, if it were
and so
possible, to the other ocean : and we

did : for fastening a strong cable to Our

230 ΑΛΗΘΟΥΣ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑΣ . Β . 43.

θούντος επισυρόμενοι ένθα δη και το

'Αντιμάχου του ποιητού έπος επεισήλθε ,
φησί γάρ που κακείνος
Τοίσιν δ' υλήεντα δια πλέον ερχομένοισι .
43. βιασάμενοι δε όμως την ύλην άφι
κόμεθα ες το ύδωρ, και πάλιν ομοίως
καταθέντες την ναύν έπλέομεν δια καθα
ρού και διαυγούς ύδατος, άχρι δη επέσ
τημεν χάσματι μεγάλω εκ του ύδατος
διεστώτος γεγενημένω, καθάπερ εν τη
γη πολλάκις δρώμεν υπό σεισμών γενό
μενα διαχωρίσματα. η μεν ούν ναύς
καθελόντων ημών τα ιστία ου ραδίως
έστη παρ' ολίγον έλθούσα κατενεχθήναι.
υπερκύψαντες δε ημείς εωρώμεν βάθος
όσον σταδίων χιλίων μάλα φοβερον και
 TRUE HISTORY. 231

ship, we wound it about the tops of the

trees, and with much ado poised it up to
the height, and placing it upon the branches,
spread our sails, and were carried as it

were upon the sea, dragging our ship after

us by the help of the wind which set it
forwards. At which time a verse of the

poet Antimachus came to my remembrance,

wherein he speaks of sailing over tops of
trees .

When we had passed over the wood , and

come to the sea again , we let down
our ship in the same manner as we took it
up. Then sailed we forwards in a pure and
clear stream , until we came to an exceeding
great gulf or trench in the sea, made by
the division of the waters as many times
is upon land , where we see great clefts
232 ΑΛΗΘΟΥΣ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑΣ . Β . 44.

παράδοξον ειστήκει γαρ το ύδωρ ώσπερ

μεμερισμένον περιβλέποντες δε δρώμεν
κατα δεξιά ου πάνυ πόρρωθεν γέφυραν
επεζευγμένην ύδατος συνάπτοντας τα πε
λάγη κατά την επιφάνειαν, εκ της ετέ
ρας θαλάττης ες την ετέραν διαρρέοντος.
προσελάσαντες ούν ταϊς κόπαις κατ '
εκείνο παρεδράμομεν και μετά πολλής
αγωνίας έπεράσαμεν ούποτε προσδοκή
σαντες .

44. εντεύθεν ημάς υπεδέχετο πέλαγος

τε προσηνες και νήσος oύ μεγάλη, ευ
πρόσιτος, συνοικουμένη ενέμοντο δε αυτήν
άγριοι άνθρωποι, Βουκέφαλοι , κέρατα
έχοντες, οίον παρ' ημίν τον Μινώταυρον
αναπλάττουσιν . αποβάντες δε προήειμεν
 TRUE HISTORY. 233

made in the ground by earthquakes and

other means . Whereupon we struck sail
and our ship stayed upon a sudden when
it was at the pit's brim ready to tumble
in : and we stooping down to look into it,
thought it could be no less than a thou
sand furlongs deep, most fearful and mon
strous to behold, for the water stood as it
were divided into two parts, but looking
on our right hand afar off, we perceived a
bridge of water, which to our seeming, did
join the two seas together and crossed over
from the one to the other. Wherefore we
laboured with oars to get unto it, and over
it we went and with much ado got to
the further side beyond all our expectation .
Then a calm sea received us, and in it
we found an island, not very great, but
234 ΑΛΗΘΟΥΣ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑΣ . Β. 44.

υδρευσόμενοι και σιτία ληψόμενοι, εί ποθεν

δυνηθείημεν ουκέτι γαρ είχομεν. και
ύδωρ μεν αυτού πλησίον εύρομεν, άλλο
δε ουδεν εφαίνετο, πλήν μυκηθμός πολύς
ου πόρρωθεν ηκούετο. δόξαντες ούν αγέλης
είναι βοών, κατ' ολίγον προχωρούντες
επέστημεν τους ανθρώποις . οι δε ιδόντες
ημάς εδίωκον , και τρεις μεν των εται
ρων λαμβάνουσιν, οι δε λοιποί προς την
θάλατταν κατεφεύγομεν . είτα μέντοι
πάντες οπλισάμενοι- ου γαρ έδόκει ημίν
ατιμωρήτους περιδεϊν τους φίλους - έμ
πίπτομεν τοίς βουκεφάλοις τα κρέα των
ανηρημένων διαιρουμένοις βοήσαντες δε
πάντες εδιώκομεν, και κτείνομέν τε όσον
πεντήκοντα και ζώντας αυτων δύο λαμ
 TRUE HISTORY. 235

inhabited with unsociable people, for in it

were dwelling wild men named Bucepha
lians, that had horns on their heads like
A monster
the picture of Minotaurus, where we went who was half
a bull and half
ashore to look for fresh water and victuals, aonman,begotten
,
Pasiphaë,the
wife of Minos ,
for ours was all spent : and there we found byKing of Crete
a bull, with
which she fell
love, etc.
water enough, but nothing else' appeared ;; in
Ovid. Met.

only we heard a great bellowing and roar

ing a little way ,off, which we thought to
have been some herd of cattle, and going
forwards, fell upon those men, who espying
us, chased us back again , and took three of
our company : the rest fled towards the sea .
Then we all armed ourselves , not mean
ing to leave our friends unrevenged, and
set upon the Bucephalians as they were
dividing the flesh of them that were slain,
and put them all to fight, and pursued
236 ΑΛΗΘΟΥΣ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑΣ . Β . 44:

βάνομεν, και αύθις οπίσω άνεστρέψαμεν

τους αιχμαλώτους έχοντες. σιτίον μέντοι
ουδέν εύρομεν. οι μεν ουν άλλοι παρήνουν
αποσφάττειν τους ειλημμένους , εγώ δε
ουκ εδοκίμαζον, αλλά δήσας έφύλαττον
αυτούς, άχρι δη αφίκοντο παρά των
Βουκεφάλων πρέσβεις αιτούντες επί λύτ
ρους τους συνειλημμένους συνίεμεν γαρ
αυτών διανευόντων και γοερόν τι μυκωμέ
νων ώσπερ ικετευόντων. τα λύτρα δε
ήν τυροι πολλοί και ιχθύς ξηροί και
κρόμμυα και έλαφοι τέτταρες, τρείς
εκάστη πόδας έχουσα, δύο μεν τους όπισ
θεν, οι δε πρόσω εις ένα συνεπεφύκεισαν.
επί τούτοις αποδόντες τους συνειλημμένους
και μίαν ημέραν επιμείναντες ανήχθημεν.
 TRUE HISTORY . 237

after them, of whom we killed fifty, and

two we took alive, and so returned with
our prisoners ; but food we could find none.
Then the company were all earnest with
me to kill those whom we had taken ; but
I did not like so well of that, thinking it
better to keep them in bonds until ambas
sadors should come from the Bucephalians to
ransom them that were taken, and indeed they
did : and I well understood by the nodding
of their heads, and their lamentable lowing,
like petitioners, what their business was.
So we agreed upon a ransom of sundry
cheeses and dried fish and onions and four

deer with three legs apiece, two behind and

one before. Upon these conditions we de
livered those whom we had taken, and tarry
ing there but one day, departed .
238 ΑΛΗΘΟΥΣ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑΣ . Β. 45.

45 .
ήδη δε ιχθύες τε ημίν εφαίνοντο
και όρνεα παρεπέτετο και άλλ ’ οπόσα
γής πλησίον ούσης σημεία, προυφαίνετο .
μετ ' ολίγον δε και άνδρας είδομεν καινω
τρόπο ναυτιλίας χρωμένους αυτοί γάρ
και ναύται και νήες ήσαν. λέξω δε του
πλού τον τρόπον ύπτιοι κείμενοι επί του
ύδατος ορθώσαντες τα αιδοία - μεγάλα δε
φέρουσιν- εξ αυτών οθόνην πετάσαντες
και ταϊς χερσί τους ποδεώνας κατέχοντες
εμπίπτοντος του ανέμου έπλεον,. άλλοι
δε μετά τούτους επί φελλών καθήμενοι
ζεύξαντες δύο δελφίνας ήλαυνόν τε και
ηνιόχουν " οι δε προϊόντες έπεφέροντο τους
φελλούς. ούτοι! ημάς ούτε ήδίκουν ούτε
έφευγον, αλλ' ήλαυνον αδεώς τε και
 TRUE HISTORY. 239

Then the fishes began to show them

selves in the sea, and the birds flew over
our heads,, and all other tokens of our
approach to land appeared unto us. Within
a while after we saw men travelling the

seas , and a new found manner of navigation ,

themselves supplying the office both for ship
and sailor , and I will tell you how. As they
lie upon their backs in the water and their
privy members standing upright , which are of
a large size and fit for such a purpose , they
fasten thereto a sail, and holding their cords
in their hands , when the wind hath taken it,
are carried up and down as please themselves .
After these followed others riding upon
cork, for they yoke two dolphins together,
and drive them on ( performing themselves
the place of a coachman ), which draw the
240 ΑΛΗΘΟΥΣ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑΣ. Β. 46.

ειρηνικώς το είδος του ημετέρου πλοίου

θαυμάζοντες και πάντοθεν περισκοπούντες .
εσπέρας δε ήδη προσήχθημεν νήσω
46 .

ου μεγάλη κατώκητο δε αύτη υπό γυ

ναικών, ως ένομίζομεν, Ελλάδα φωνήν
προϊεμένων προσήεσαν γαρ και εδεξιούν
το και ήσπάζοντο, πάνυ εταιρικώς κεκοσ
μημέναι και καλαί πάσαι και νεάνιδες,
ποδήρεις τους χιτώνας επισυρόμεναι. η
μεν ούν νήσος εκαλείτο Καββαλούσα, η
>

δε πόλις Υδραμαρδία . λαβούσαι δ ' ούν

ημάς αι γυναίκες εκάστη προς εαυτην
απήγε και ξένον εποιείτο. εγω δε μικ
ρον υποστας- ου γαρ χρηστά εμαντευό
μην -ακριβέστερόν τε περιβλέπων ορώ
πολλών ανθρώπων οστά και κρανία κεί
 LCRARY
PEDR, LENOX
TDS POUNTATE
T3his

cBay
 TRUE HISTORY

cork along after them . These never offered us

any violence, nor once shunned our sight, but
passed along in our company without fear, in a
peaceablemanner, wondering at the greatness
of our ship, and beholding it on every side.
At evening we arrived upon a small island
inhabited , as it seemed , only by women
which could speak the Greek language
they came unto us, gave us their hands
and saluted us, all attired like to
beautiful and young, wearing long
down to the foot : the island
Cabbalusa and the city. Hydramardi
the women received us , and even
them took aside one of us for her
made him her guest. But I pas
little upon it ( for my heart misge
looked narrowly round about, and sa
w
 TRUE HISTORY . 241

cork along after them. These never offered us

any violence, nor once shunned our sight ; but
passed along in our company without fear, in a
peaceable manner, wondering at the greatness
of our ship, and beholding it on every side.
At evening we arrived upon a small island,
inhabited , as it seemed , only by women ,
which could speak the Greek language ; for
they came unto us , gave us their hands,
and saluted us, all attired like wantons,
beautiful and young, wearing long mantles
down to the foot : the island was called
Cabbalusa and the city Hydramardia . So

the women received us, and every one of

them took aside one of us for herself, and
made him her guest. But I pausing a
little upon it (for my heart misgave me),
looked narrowly round about , and saw the
242 ΑΛΗΘΟΥΣ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑΣ.. Β. 46.

μενα και το μεν βοην ιστάναι και τους

εταίρους συγκαλεϊν και ες τα όπλα χω
ρείν ουκ εδοκίμαζον. προχειρισάμενος δε
την μαλάχην πολλά ευχόμην αυτη δια
>

φυγείν εκ των παρόντων κακών. μετ '

ολίγον δε της ξένης διακoνoυμένης είδαν
τα σκέλη ου γυναικός, αλλ' όνου οπλάς
και δη σπασάμενος το ξίφος συλλαμβάνω
τε ταύτην και δήσας περί των όλων
ανέκρινον. η δε, άκουσα μεν, είπε δε
όμως, αυτας μεν είναι θαλαττίους γυναί
κας ' Ονοσκελέας προσαγορευομένας, τρο
φήν δε ποιείσθαι τους επιδημούντας ξένους.
επειδάν γαρ, έφη, μεθύσωμεν αυτούς,
συνευνηθείσαι κοιμωμένους επιχειρούμεν.
ακούσας δε ταύτα εκείνην μεν αυτού κατ
 TRUE HISTORY. 243

bones of many men, and the skulls lying

together in a corner ; yet I thought not good to
make any stir, or to call my company about
me, or to put on arms ; but taking the mallow
into my hand , made my earnest prayers thereto

that I might escape out of those present perils.

Within a while after, when the strange
female came to wait upon me, I perceived
she had not the legs of a woman, but the
hoofs of an ass. Whereupon I drew my
sword, and taking fast hold of her, bound
her, and examined her upon the point : and
she, though unwillingly, confessed that they
were sea -women , called Onosceleans , and
they fed upon strangers that travelled that
way. For, said she, when we have made
them drunk, we go to bed to them, and
in their sleep, make a hand of them .
244 ΑΛΗΘΟΥΣ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑΣ. Β. 47.

έλιπον δεδεμένην, αυτός δε ανελθών επί

το στέγος έβόων τε και τους εταίρους
συνεκάλουν. έπει δε συνήλθον, τα πάντα
εμήνυον αυτούς και τα τε οστά εδείκνυον
και ήγον έσω προς την δεδεμένην " η δε
αυτίκα ύδωρ εγένετο και αφανής ήν.
όμως δε το ξίφος ες το ύδωρ καθήκα
πειρώμενος το δε αίμα έγένετο.
47. ταχέως oύν επί ναϋν κατελθόντες
απεπλεύσαμεν και επεί ημέρα υπηύ
γαζε, την ήπειρον αποβλεπόμενοι εικάζο
Σ

μεν είναι την αντιπέραν τη υφ' ημών

>

οικουμένη κειμένην. προσκυνήσαντες δ '

ούν και προσευξάμενοι περί των μελλόν
των εσκοπούμεν, και τοις μεν έδόκει
επιβάσι μόνον αύθις οπίσω αναστρέφειν,
 381

ΟΝΟ Ο Ο
 TIISTORY

I hearing this left her bound in the

place where she was, and went up to the
roof of the house, where I made an outcry
and called my company to me, and when they
were come together, acquainted them with all
that I had heard, and showed them the bones ,
and brought them into her that was bound,
who suddenly was turned into water, and
could notbe seen. Notwithstanding . I trust
my sword into the water to see what would
come of it, and it was changed into blood.
Then we made all the haste we could to our
ship , and got us away, and as soon as it is
clearday, we had sight of the mainland, whe
we judged to be the country opposite
continent. Whereupon we worship
made our prayers, and took coud
now to be done. Some thought
DOO

1
 TRUE HISTORY 245

I hearing this, left her bound in the

place where she was, and went up to the
roof of the house, where I made an outcry,
and called my company to me, and when they
were come together, acquainted them with all
that I had heard, and showed them the bones,
and brought them into her that was bound,
who suddenly was turned into water, and
could not be seen. Notwithstanding, I thrust
my sword into the water to see what would
come of it, and it was changed into blood.
Then we made all the haste we could to our

ship, and got us away, and as soon as it was

clear day, we had sight of the mainland , which
we judged to be the country opposite to our
continent . Whereupon we worshipped, and
made our prayers, and took council what was
now to be done. Some thought it best only to
246 ΑΛΗΘΟΥΣ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑΣ . Β . 47.

τοϊς δε το μεν πλοίον αυτού καταλιπείν,

ανελθόντας δε ες την μεσόγαιαν πειρα
θήναι των ενοικούντων. εν όσω δε ταύτα
ελογιζόμεθα , χειμων σφοδρός επιπεσων
και προσαράξας το σκάφος των αιγιαλό
διέλυσεν. ήμεϊς δε μόλις εξεναξάμεθα
τα όπλα έκαστος και εί τι άλλο οδός τε
ην αρπασάμενοι.
Ταύτα μεν ούν τα μέχρι της ετέρας
γης συνενεχθέντα μοι εν τη θαλάττη
και παρά τον πλούν εν ταϊς νήσοις και
>

εν τω αέρι και μετ ' αυτά εν τω κήτει

και επειδή εξήλθομεν, παρά τε τοϊς
ήρωσι και τοϊς ονείροις και τα τελευταία
παρά τοϊς Βουκεφάλοις και ταϊς Ονοσ
κελέαις, τα δε επί της γης εν τοις εξής
βιβλίοις διηγήσομαι .
 TRUE HISTORY. 247

go a-land and so return back again : others

thought it better to leave our ship there and
march into the mid-land to try what the
inhabitants would do : but whilst we were
. upon this consultation aa violent storm fell upon
3
us, which drave our ship against the shore,
and burst it all in pieces, and with much ado
we all swam to land with our arms, every man
e s
notche
ali

catching what he could lay hands on.

These are all the occurrences I can ac

quaint you withal , till the time of our land

ing, both in the sea, and in our course to
the islands, and in the air, and after that in
the whale ; and when we came out again what
betid unto us among the Heroes and among
the dreams, and lastly among the Bucephalians
and the Onosceleans. What passed upon land
the next books shall deliver.
‫(‪1‬‬
‫خ‬
APA 2 7 1942