PRELIM WEEK 1 Interpersonal communication is an exchange

of information between two or more people.

WHAT IS LANGUAGE? 3. EXTENDED COMMUNICATION- Extended
communication involves the use od electronic
A language is a system of communication which
media. Example televesion and radio.
consists of a set of sound and written symbols which
4. ORGANIZATIONAL COMMUNICATION-
are used by the people for talking or writing.
defined as the channels and forms of
SPEECH COMMUNITY a group of people who share a communication in which organizations such as
set of linguistic ans rules in the language system corporations, non-profits, and governmental
bodies engage, including both the internal
LANGUAGE ACQUISITION the language acquired communications that occur within an
while growing up are known as MOTHER TANGUE organization, and external-facing
also referred to as FIRST LANGUAGE communications between an organization
WHAT IS COMMUNICATION?
What are the types of organizational
Communication is the act of giving, receiving and communication?
sharing information in other words talking or wring 1. FORMAL AND INFORMAL
COMMUNICATION- It’s all about the
and listening or reading.
language and tone an organization uses
when communicating. Corporate
CONTEXT is the circumstance or environment in
communication calls for the ability to
which communication takes place. Includes physical
assess what level of formality is required in
or actual setting. a particular situation.
a. Formal communication- used when
TYPES OF COMMUNICATION ACCORDING TO MODE communicating with customers and
clients, especially during an official
1. COMMUNICATION MODE
press release. Formal communication
VERBAL- NON VERBAL COMMUNICATION- tends to follow a specific
Verbal communication is using speech or organizational structure, such as mass
spoken words to exchange information, communication in a carefully crafted
emotions and thoughts. Non-Verbal email campaign or at a meeting.
communication is conveying and exchanging b. Informal communication -also known
messages without the use of spoken words. as “grapevine” communication, is
equally important, as it is the most
2. VISUAL COMMUNICATION is the type of
common way internal organizational
communication that uses visual to convey communication occurs.
information or messages. Examples are Sign, 1. Downward Communication- refers to an
symbols, imagery, maps, graphs, drawing and employee communicating with another
even various form of electronic employee in a lower-ranking position.
communication examples are Emojis emotion 2. Upward communication- the reversal of
and animation. downward communication.
3. Horizontal communication - efers to the
TYPES OF COMMUNICATION ACCORDING TO
communication of employees on the
CONTEXT
same hierarchical level.
1. INTRAPERSONAL COMUNICATION- intra 4. Crosswise communication- is diagonal in
means within or inside. Intrapersonal nature as empoyees from different units
communication means talking to oneself or or department working at various level
inner talk, inner monolue, or dialogue. communicate with each other.
Psycologist call self verbalization or self-
statement.
2. INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION- Inter
means between, among and together.
INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION- refers to the
communication between people from two different
cultures. Intercultural communication is a symbolic, The Shannon-Weaver Model- Originally designed for
interpretive, transactional, contextual process in telephone communication. It has fivebasic elements;
which people from different cultures create shared information source, transmitter, receiver, destination,
meanings. and noise. Moreover this model describes
communication as a one way process of transmission
PRELIM WEEK 2-3 and reception of messages.

LESSON II- The Communication Process: Some Notes

and Perspectives

Diagram representation of the basic models of

communication
Schramms Model- The highlight of Wilbur schramms
Aristotelian Model- was developed among the Greeks model of communication is the field of experience
in ancient times, it is the ost simple and it has basic ‘’concept’’. This model assumed that every
elements: speaker, message, and audience. communicator (sender) has within himself pastand
present experience that helps him relate to other
communicators. These expreriences form a ‘’field of
experience’’ from which he draws meaning at any
point of communication.
ONE-WAY PROCESS

Lasswell Model- is one of the most of the earliest

models of communication which was developed by Berlos Model- David berlo focuses on the speakers
Harold Lasswel in 1948. It consists of five basic and reaceivers knowledge, attitudes, socio-cultural
elements in a linear pattern. system and communication skills. The message on the
other hand gives emphasis on the element, structure,
content treatment and coding. Likewise, the channels
of communication are focused on the five senses:
seeing,touching,smelling and tasting.
White’s Model

GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF EFFECTIVE

COMMUNICATION

1. Know your porpuse in communicating.

2. Know your audience.
3. Know your topic.
4. Adjust your speech or writing to the context
of the situation.
5. Work on the feedback given you.

PRINCIPLES OF EFFECTIVE ORAL COMMUNICATION

These eight stages of oral
communication are the following. 1. Be clear with your porpuse. You should know
by heart your objective in communicating.
1.Thinking– a desire, feeling, or an emotion provides a 2. Be complete with the message you deliver.
speaker a stimulus to communicate a need. Make sure that your claims are supported by
the facts and essential information.
2.Symbolizing– before he can utter sounds, a speaker
3. Be concise. You do not need to be verbode or
has to know the code of oral language withwhich to
wordy with your stateents. Brevitry in speech
represent his ideas and in order to make his selection.
is a must.
3.Expressing– the speaker then uses his vocal 4. Be natural with your delivey. Punctuate
mechanism to produce the sounds of important words with the appropriete
languageaccompanied by his facial expression, gestures and movements.
gestures, and body stance. 5. Be specific and timely with your feedbacks.
Imputs are most helpful when provided on
4.Transmitting– waves of sound spreading at 1,000 times.
feet per second and waves of light traveling at aspeed
of 186,000 miles per second carry the speaker’s ETHICS OF COMMUNICATION- Communication ethics
message to his listeners. emphasizes that morals influence the behavior of an
individual, group, or organization thereby affecting
5.Receiving– sound waves impinge upon the listener’s their communication.
ears after which the resulting nerve impulsesreach the
brain via the auditory nerve; light waves strike the COMMUNICATION MODES- Refers to the channel
listener’s eyes after which the resultingnerve impulses through which one expresses his communicative
reach the brain via the optic nerve. intent. It is the medium through which one conveys
his thoughts.
6.Decoding– the listener interprets the language
symbols he receives and thinks further. The most commom of all thes modes is the face to
face interaction, video, audio and text based
7.Feedbacking– the listener may manifest overt communication.
behavior like a nod, smile, or yawn or he may
notshow any behavior at all (covert behavior like fast Dau Voire suggests: ‘’Be brave enough to start a
heartbeat, a poker face, etc.) conversation that matters.’’

8.Monitoring– while the speaker watches for signs of As Diana Wheatly aptly puts it: ‘’Meaning is made in
reception or understanding of his messageamong his conversation; Reality is created in communication,
listeners, he is also attuned to what’s going on inside
him; the speaker is receiving anddecoding messages
about himself from his audience in order to adjust to
the particular situation.
 2. Globalization not only allowed nations to
trade, but also cooperates with each other as
PRELIM WEEK 4 never before. Take the Paris agreement on
THE GLOBALIZATION PHENOMENON climate change, where 195 countries all
agreed to work towardsredusing their carbon
Reuters- a global information and news provider emissions for the grater global good.
headquartered in London, England, that serves
professionals in the financial, media, and corporate INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION- Intercultural
markets. Reuters was standalone global news and communication refers to the communication between
financial information company. people from two different cultures. Intercultural
communication is a symbolic, interpretive,
International Monetary Fund (IMF) - is an transactional, contextual process in which people
organization, working to foster global monetary from different cultures create shared meanings.
cooperation, secure financial stability of the
international financial system. COMMUNICATING ACROSS CULTURES
By Carol Kinsey Goman (2011)
Paris Agreement on Climate Change- aim is to
1. Communicating across culture is challenging.
strengthen the global response to the threat of
2. The challenge for multinational
climate change by keeping a global temperature rise
communication has never been greater.
this century well below 2 degrees Celsius above pre-
3. We are all individuals, and no two people
industrial levels and to pursue efforts to limit the
belonging to the same culture are guaranteed
temperature increase even further to 1.5 degrees
to respond in exactly the same way.
Celsius.
HIGH-CONTEXT VS. LOW CONTEXT
Oxfam- a global movement of people, working
together to end the injustice of poverty. 1. High-context cultures leave much of
the message unspecified, to be
understood through context of what
WHAT IS COMMUNICATION ANYWAY? is acually said.
By Alex Gray (World Ecomonic Forum,2007) 2. Low-context cultures expect
messages to be explicit and specific.
HOW GLOBALIZATION WORKS
SEQUENTIAL VS. SYNCHRONIC
1. Globalization is the process by which people
and goods move easily across the boarders. 1. Sequential cultures business people give full
Principally, its an economic concept. attention to one agenda item after another.
2. Globalization has brought many benefits to 2. Synchronic cultures this viewpoint influences
many people. But not to everyone. how organizations in those culture approach
deadlines, strategic thinking, investment,
HOW DID GLOBALIZATION HAPPEN? developing talent from within and the
1. Silk Road, when trade spread rapidly between concept of ‘’long term’’ planning.
china and Europe via overland route.
Merchants carried goods for trade back and
forth, trading silk as well as gems and spices
and coffee, an example of how globalizations
can spred across the country.

WHAT’S GOOD ABOUT IT?

1. Globalization has led to many millions of

people lifted out of poverty.