Insect Pests of Brinjal and Their Management

1. Brinjal Shoot and Fruit Borer (Fal O Kando Chidrokari Poka)

Sc. Name.- Leucinodes orbonalis
Damage
 Larva bores into tender shoots and causes withering of terminal shoots /dead hearts.
 Shedding of flower buds.
 Withering and drying of leaves.
 Bore holes on shoots and fruits plugged with excreta.
 Fruits become out of shape.

Eggs Larva Entry hole in the shoot

Larvae inside shoot Larvae inside fruit Emergence hole

 Adults

Management
 Collect and destroy the damaged tender shoots, fallen fruits and fruits with bore holes to
prevent population buildup.
 Intercropping of brinjal (2 rows) with coriander (one row).
 Install pheromone traps @ 4-5/acre for monitoring and 10/acre for mass trapping at 10
metres distance from 20 days after transplanting.
 Spray Bt formulations of Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki such as Dipel @ 1.5 to 2 ml
/L of water.
 Spray Broflanilide 20 SC (Brofreya) @ 0.25 ml/lit. or Chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC
(Coragen/ Cover) @ 0.4 ml/lit. or Emamectin benzoate 5 SG (Egao/ Em-1/ Commander)
@ 0.4 g/lit. or Flubendiamide 480 SC (Fame) @ 0.5 ml/lit. of water.

2. Hadda Beetle (Bagha Poka)

Sc. Name- Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata
Damage
 Both the grubs and the adult beetles scrape the leaves in semi-circular or half moon
shaped fashion.
  Heavy infestation result in leaf skeletonization.

Management
 Collect damaged leaves with grubs and egg masses and destroy them.
 Shake plants to dislodge grubs, pupae and adults and destroy.
 Chemical control same as BSFB.
3. Stem Borer (Majra Poka)
Sc. Name- Euzophera perticella
Damage
 Larva bores into main stem of young and old plants and move downwards.
 Top shoots of young plants crump and wither.
 Older plants become stunted.
 Fruit bearing capacity is adversely affected.
 There is a distinct thickening of stem at the entry point.

Management
 Collection and destruction of damaged and infested plants.
 Avoid ratooning of brinjal crop as its larvae preferred woody stem.
 Use of light traps @ 1/ha to attract and kill the moths.
 Chemical control same as BSFB.
4. Whitefly (Sada Machi)
Sc. Name- Bemisia tabaci, Aleurodicus disperses
Damage
  Nymphs and adults feed on the phloem sap and excretes honeydew, causing sooty
mould that may lead to leaf wilting and uneven ripening of the fruit.
 Affected leaves become yellowish, Curl downwards and are ultimately shed.
 Plants show Stunted growth.

Management
 Raise nurseries in seedling trays under nylon nets or polyhouses.
 Remove the leaf curl infested plants as soon as disease symptoms are expressed.
 Install yellow sticky traps at crop canopy level for monitoring adult whitefly
population.
 Spray Imidacloprid 17.8 SL 0.2 ml/lit. or Buprofezin 25 SC 2 ml/lit. or Diafenthiuron
50 WP 1.2 g/lit. or Thiacloprid 21.7 SC 1 ml/lit. or Flonicamid 50 WG 0.4 g/lit. or
Tolfenpyrad 15 EC @ 2 ml/lit. of water.

Insect Pests of Cucurbits and Their Management

1. Red Pumpkin Beetle (Kumror Lal Poka)
Sc. Name- Red Beetle: Aulacophora foveicollis, Ash beetle: A. cincta, Blue beetle: A.
intermedia

Aulacophora foveicollis A. cincta

Damage
 Both grubs and beetles damage.
  Grubs remain below the soil surface feeding on roots, underground stems of creepers
and on fruits lying in contact with the soil.
 The adults feed on leaf and flowers.

Management
 Plough the fields just after harvesting destroy the hibernating adults.
 Frequent raking of soil beneath the crop to expose and kill the eggs and grubs.
 Hand collection and destruction of infested leaves and fruits.
 Collect and destroy of beetles during morning hour in early stage of infection.
 Spray Cyantraniliprole 10.26 OD @ 1.8 ml/lit. or Indoxacarb 14.5 SC @ 0.5 ml/lit. or
Cabaryl 50 WP 4g/lit. or 25 EC @ 2 ml/lit. or Chlorpyriphos 20 EC @ 2.5ml/lit.
2. Fruit Fly (Foler Machi)
Sc. Name- Bactrocera cucurbitae
Damage
 Females lays eggs in the fruit.
 Maggots feed on the pulp of the fruits
 Oozing of resinous fluid from fruits
 Distorted and malformed fruits
 Premature dropping of fruits and also unfit for consumption
Management
 Frequent rake the soil under the vine or plough the infested field after the crop to kill
pupae.
 Collect infested and fallen fruits and dump in deep pits.
 Use attractants like citronella oil, eucalyptus oil, vinegar (acetic acid), and lactic acid
to trap flies.
 Installation of cue lure baited traps @ 10 traps/acre for male annihilation by mixing
ethanol, cue lure and the insecticide deltamethrin 2.8 EC in the ratio of 6:4:2 saturated
in wooden block.
 Application of bait spray containing 5.2 ml Spinosad 45 SC + 10 g protein
hydrolysate + 500 g jaggery in 20 litres of water/acre as a strip to a row on every 3rd
row on under surface of leaves at 15 days interval from flowering.

3. Hadda Beetle (Bagha Poka)

Sc. Name- Henosepilachna septima, H. dodecastigma
Damage
 Both the grubs and the adult beetles scrape the leaves in semi-circular or half moon
shaped fashion.
 Heavy infestation result in leaf skeletonization.

Management
 Collect damaged leaves with grubs and egg masses and destroy them.
 Shake plants to dislodge grubs, pupae and adults and destroy.
 Spray Broflanilide 20 SC (Brofreya) @ 0.25 ml/lit. or Chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC
(Coragen/ Cover) @ 0.4 ml/lit. or Emamectin benzoate 5 SG (Egao/ Em-1/
Commander) @ 0.4 g/lit. or Flubendiamide 480 SC (Fame) @ 0.5 ml/lit. of water.

4. Pumpkin caterpillar (Kumror Lada Poka)

Sc. Name- Diaphania indica
Damage
 Young larva scrapes the chlorophyll content.
 Later on it folds and webs the leaves and feeds within.
 It also feeds on flowers and bores into developing fruits.

Management
 Collect and destroy early stage caterpillars.
 Chemical control same as hadda beetle.
5. Whitefly (Sada Machi)
Sc. Name- Bemisia tabaci
Damage & Management
Same as brinjal whitefly.

Insect Pests of Okra and Their Management

1. Shoot and fruit borer (Fal O Kando Chidrokari Poka)
Sc. Name- Earias vitella, E. insulana
Damage
 Larva bores into tender terminal shoots in the vegetative stage and flower buds,
flowers and young fruits in the fruit formation stage.
 The damaged shoots droop, wither and dry up.
 The infested fruits present a deformed appearance and become unfit for consumption.
 Bore holes - plugged with excreta.

Management
 Collect and destroy infested shoots, buds, flowers and fruits.
 Set up pheromone traps in field @ 5/ha.
 Release egg parasitoid, Trichogramma chilonis @40,000/acre and larval predator,
Chrysoperla carnea @ 4000/acre.
 Spray Bacillus thuringiensis @ 400–600 g/200 litre of water/acre and Beauveria
bassiana 1% WP @1500–2000 g/160–200 litre of water/acre.
 Spray Broflanilide 20 SC (Brofreya) @ 0.25 ml/lit. or Chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC
(Coragen/ Cover) @ 0.4 ml/lit. or Emamectin benzoate 5 SG (Egao/ Em-1/
Commander) @ 0.4 g/lit. or Flubendiamide 480 SC (Fame) @ 0.5 ml/lit. of water.
2. Leaf Hopper (Shyama Poka)
Sc. Name- Amrasca biguttula biguttula, Empoasca devastans
Damage
 Both nymphs and adults suck the sap from the under surface of leaves.
 Tender leaves become yellow.
 The margin of the leaves start curling downwards and reddening sets in.
  In the case of severe infestation leaves get a bronze which is typical “hopper burn”
symptom.
 The margins of the leaf get broken and crumble into pieces when crushed.
 The leaves dried up and shed and growth of the crop is retarded.

Management
 Seed treatment with imidacloprid 48% FS @ 500-900 ml/100 kg seed or imidacloprid
70% WS @ 500-1000 ml/100 kg seed.
 Do not use over doses of nitrogenous fertilizers.
 Use of yellow sticky traps to monitor the pest activity.
 Conservation of spiders in the field minimizes the leaf hopper population.
 Spray Imidacloprid 17.8 SL 0.2 ml/lit. or Buprofezin 25 SC 2 ml/lit. or Diafenthiuron
50 WP 1.2 g/lit. or Thiacloprid 21.7 SC 1 ml/lit. or Flonicamid 50 WG 0.4 g/lit. or
Tolfenpyrad 15 EC @ 2 ml/lit. of water.
3. Whitefly (Sada Machi)
Sc. Name- Bemisia tabaci
Damage
 Nymphs and adults feed on the phloem sap and excretes honeydew, causing sooty
mould that may lead to leaf wilting.
 Chlorotic spots on the leaves which latter coalesce forming irregular yellowing of leaf
tissue.
 Severe infestation results in premature defoliation.
 Vector of yellow vein mosaic virus.
Management
 Field sanitation, rouging.
 Plant tall border crops like maize, sorghum or pearl millet to reduce whitefly
infestations (4 rows).
 Install yellow sticky traps @ 2/acre for monitoring purpose.
 Peppermint plants act as repellent for whitefly.
 Remove the leaf curl infested plants as soon as disease symptoms are expressed. This
helps in reducing source of inoculums of the disease.
 Before transplanting, dip the roots of seedlings for 15 minutes in imidacloprid 17.8
SL @ 7 ml/ litre of water to protect against white fly.
 Spray Imidacloprid 17.8 SL 0.2 ml/lit. or Buprofezin 25 SC 2 ml/lit. or Diafenthiuron
50 WP 1.2 g/lit. or Thiacloprid 21.7 SC 1 ml/lit. or Flonicamid 50 WG 0.4 g/lit. or
Tolfenpyrad 15 EC @ 2 ml/lit. of water.

Insect Pests of Chilli and Their Management

1. Chilli Thrips (Chiruni Poka)
Sc. Name- Scirtothrips dorsalis
Damage
 Both adult and nymphs suck the sap from young developing leaves.
 Affected leaves curl upwards along the margin and get crinkled and reduced in size.
 They also feed on floral parts and fruits.
 Fruit damage result in rough brown patches affecting their quality and drastically
reducing the market value.
 Vector of Chilli Leaf Curl virus.
Management
 Intercropping with tomato reduces the populations of thrips.
 Do not follow chilli and onion mixed crop – both the crops attacked by thrips.
 Sprinkle water over the seedlings to check the multiplication of thrips.
 Seed treatment with imidacloprid 70% WS @ 12 g/ kg seed.
 Spray Fluxametamide 10% EC @ 0.8 ml/lit. or Spinetoram 11.7% SC @ 1 ml/lit. or
Spirotetramat 15.31% OD @ 0.8 ml/lit. or Thiacloprid 21.7% SC @ 0.5 ml/lit. or
Cyantraniliprole 7.3% w/w + Diafenthiuron 36.4% w/w SC (Plesiva) @ 1.25 ml/lit. or
Thiacloprid 21.7 SC 1 ml/lit. or Flonicamid 50 WG 0.4 g/lit. or Tolfenpyrad 15 EC @
2 ml/lit. of water.
2. Yellow Mite (Holud Makar)
Sc. Name- Polyphagotarsonemus latus
Damage
 Damage is more in hot and humid conditions.
 Adults and nymphs scrape terminal leaves and auxiliary shoots.
 As a result, leaves become narrow, twisted with elongated petiole.
 The damage is characterized by downward curling of leaves which exhibits inverted
boat shaped.
 Stunted growth of plants and dropping of flowers.
Management
 Chilli crop bordered by two rows of maize at every 0.5 acre area (31.2 x 60 sqm).
 Maintain field sanitation by removing and destroying crop residues and weeds.
 Avoid water stress and water logging conditions.
 Timely pruning of infested leaves or removal of plants with symptoms.
 Adopt overhead irrigation with sprinklers.
 Spray neem seed kernel extract or neem oil at 10 days interval @ 2 ml/lit. of water.
 Spray following chemicals-
Oberon Spiromesifen 240 SC (22.9 % w/w) 0.3 ml/lit water

Plesiva Cyantraniliprole 7.3% w/w + 1.25 ml/lit.

Diafenthiuron 36.4% w/w SC
Maiden Hexythiazox 5.45% EC 0.8 – 1 ml/lit water
EMA Gold Emamectin Benzoate 5% SG 0.5 gm/lit water
Pegasus, Derby, Pager Diafenthiuron 50% WP 0.8 -1.2 ml/lit water
Godrej Hanabi Pyridaben 20% w/w WP 1 gm/lit water
Sedna Fenpyroximate 5 % SC 1 – 1.5 ml/lit water
Flotis Buprofezin 25 SC 0.5 -1.2 ml/lit water
Intrepid Chlorfenapyr 10% SC 1.5 – 2 ml/lit water
Keefun Tolfenpyrad 15% EC 2 ml/lit water
Omite Propargite 57% EC 3 ml/lit water
Meothrin Fenpropathrin 30% EC 0.5ml/lit water
Magister Fenazaquin 10% EC 2 ml/lit water

3. Whitefly (Sada Machi)

Sc. Name- Bemisia tabaci
Damage and Management
Same as Okra.