GUNA DISTRICT

MADHYA PRADESH

Ministry Of Water Resources

Central Ground Water Board
North Central Region
BHOPAL
2013-14
 GUNA DISTRICT AT A GLANCE

S.No. ITEMS STATISTICS

1. GENERAL INFORMATION
i) Geographical area (Sq. km) 6,484.63
ii) Administrative Divisions (As on 20011 )
Number of Tehsil / Blocks 7/5
Number of Panchayat / Villages 425/1338
iii) Population (Census 2011) 1241519
iv) Average Annual Rainfall (mm) 1042.7
2. GEOMORPHOLOGY
i) Major Physiographic Units 1.Eastern and Western
Vindhyan off shoot ranges
2. Sindh Valley and Malwa
plateau
3. Parbati Valley
4. Binaganj and Chachoda hills

ii) Major Drainage Innsh, Parbati & Kuno

3. LAND USE (Sq.Km)
i) Forest area 1009.28
ii) Net area sown 3285.89
iii) Cultivable area 4046.03
4. MAJOR SOIL TYPES Clayey, Loamy and Fine soil
5. AREA UNDER PRINCIPAL CROPS 4279.06
( as on June’2009)
6. IRRIGATION BY DIFFERENT SOURCES No of Area
Structures irrigated
(sq.km)
Dugwells 24646 401
Tube wells/Bore wells 8561 569
Tanks/Ponds 32 45
Canals 22 191.91
Other Sources - 258.45
Net Irrigated Area - 1478
Gross Irrigated Area - 1480
7. NUMBER OF GROUND WATER MONITORING
WELLS OF CGWB(As on 31.3.2013)
No. of Dug Wells 25
No. of Piezometers 08
8 PREDOMINANT GEOLOGICAL FORMATIONS Vindhyans sand stones, Shales
and Lime stones; Deccan Trap
9 HYDROGEOLOGY
Major Water Bearing Formation Weathered fractured & jointed
Deccan Trap & Vindhyan
Sandstone & Shales

(Pre-monsoon depth to water level range during 2012) 2.95 to 17.4 m b.g.l.
(Post-monsoon depth to water level range during 2012) 2.85 to 17.4 m b.g.l.

Long Term water level trend in 10 years (2003-2012) (-) 0.0043 – (-) 0.81 m/yr (Pre)
in m/yr (+) 0.0606 – (+) 5.357m/yr(Pre)
(-) 0.03 – (-) 0.93 m/yr (Post)
(+)0 .043– (+)1.146 - m/yrPost)
10. GROUND WATER EXPLORATION BY CGWB
(As on 31.3.2012)
No of wells drilled (EW,OW,PZ,SH = Total) 34, 2, 7, Nil =43
Depth Range (m) 61.00 to 193.00
Discharge (liters per second) 2.5 to 8
Storativity (S) -
Transmissivity (m2 /day) -
11. GROUND WATER QUALITY

Presence of Chemical constituents more than permissible Electrical Conductivity ranges

limit (e.g. EC, F, As, Fe) from 200 to 2792 μ-mhos/cm
at 25 0c
Type of Water C2S1, C3S1 & C4S1
12 DYNAMIC GROUND WATER RESOURCES
(year 2009) in ham
Annual Replenishable Ground Water Resources 71020 ham
Net Annual Ground Water Draft 40459 ham
Projected Demand for Domestic and Industrial uses up-to 4078 ham
2033
Stage of Ground Water Development 57%
13 EFFORTS OF ARTIFICIAL RECHARGE &
RAINWATER HARVESTING
Projects completed by CGWB (No. & Amount Spent) NIl
Projects under technical guidance of CGWB (Numbers) Nil
14 GROUND WATER CONTROL AND
REGULATION
Number of OE Blocks Nil
Number of Critical Blocks Nil
Number of Notified Blocks Nil
 1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Administrative Divisions

Guna district is situated in the northern part of the Madhya Pradesh and covers
an area of about 6,484.63 Sq. km. It lies between N Latitude 23o 53’ and 25o 06’ and
E longitude 76o 48’ and 78o 16’ and falling in Survey of India toposheet nos 54 G, H
& L. It is bounded in the North by Shivpuri district and east by Ashok Nagar district,
in the south by the Rajgarh district & in the west by the Rajasthan state.

Guna district is divided into 7 tehsils and 5 blocks (Fig-1) It has 1338 villages
and the total population of the district is 1241519 (As per census 2011). The block
area and number of villages in each block are given in Table No. 1
Table-1 Block area & Number of villages
S. No Block Area in sq. km No of villages
1. Guna 1520.40 279
2. Bamori 1787.00 228
3. Raghogarh 1123.27 296
4. Aron 812.75 164
5. Chachoda 1149.94 293
Total 6393.36 1260

1.2 Basin & Sub basins

The district lies in the Yamuna drainage system. It is drained by the Parbati &
kuno rivers, which are the tributaries of River Chambal. The eastern part of the
district is drained by the river Sindh. The general flow direction of all the rivers is
towards north with low gradient

1.3 Hydrology & Irrigation

The gross irrigated area by all sources is 1478.59 Sq. Km. The Irrigation by different
sources is given in Table No. 2
Table- 2 Irrigation by different sources
SOURCES No of Structures Area irrigated
(sq.km)
Dugwells 24646 401
Tube wells/Bore wells 8561 569
Tanks/Ponds 32 45
Canals 22 199.1
Other Sources 268.45

1.4 Previous work

Systematic Hydrogeological studies was carried out by CGWB under Annual
Action Plan of 1990 – 91 and the Ground Water management studies was carried out
in the entire district under AAP 2000 - 2001.The ground water exploration in the
district was carried out under Annual Action Plan; 2002-03, 2003-04, & 2004-
2005.
 2.0 CLIMATE & RAINFALL

The climate of Guna district is characterised by a hot summer and general

dryness except during the southwestern monsoon. A year may be divided into four
seasons. Cold season, December to February followed by the hot season from March
to about middle of June. The period from Middle of June to September is the
southwestern monsoon season. October & November forms the post monsoon or
transition period.

The normal rainfall of the district is 1042.5 mm. District receives maximum
rainfall during southwest monsoon period i.e. June to September. About 92.2% of the
annual rain fall predicates during the monsoon season. Only 7.8% of the annual rain
fall takes place between October & May. Thus surplus water for ground water
recharge is available during the period from June to September. The maximum
rainfall in Chachoda is 1140.20 mm amd minimum 863.5 mm is at Ashoknagar.

During the southwest monsoon season the relative humidity generally exceeds
90% (August month) and the rest of the period is dry. The driest period is summer
season, when relative humidity is less than 27%. May is the driest month of the year.

Normal maximum temperature during the month of May is 41.30C and

minimum during January is 7.70C. Normal annual mean maximum & minimum
temperatures of Guna are 32.50C & 21.80C respectively.

Wind velocity is higher during the pre monsoon period as compared to the
post monsoon period. The maximum wind velocity is 14.3 km/h during the month of
June and minimum is 4.3 km/h during the month of November. Average normal
annual wind velocity of Guna district is 8.1km/h. Normal climatologically parameters
are given in Table No. 3
Table-3 Normal Climatologically Parameters
S. Parameters Jan Feb Mar April May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Annual
No.

1. Maximum 24.7 28.0 33.3 38.3 41.3 38.6 31.7 29.7 31.1 32.5 29.3 25.9 32.0
Temp (0C)
2. Minimum 7.7 10.1 15.4 20.8 25.6 26.5 24.0 23.2 22.0 17.4 11.6 8.1 17.7
Temp (0C)
3. Relative 65 53 38 27 31 41 85 90 81 61 56 65 59
Humidity
(%)
4. Wind 5.4 6.7 7.5 8.7 11.3 14.2 12.2 10.6 7.9 5.0 4.3 4.4 8.1
Velocity
(km/h)
5. Rain fall 14.3 7.1 5.8 3.4 10.1 97.0 348.7 345.0 170.2 22.3 12.1 6.5 1042.5
(mm)
 3.0 GEOMORPHOLOGY & SOIL TYPES

3.1 Geomorphology

Physiographically, the major part exhibits a region of low level plateau plain of
extrusive origin with terrace/rocky bench and flood plain (including in filled river
bed) along the course of the rivers. The other landforms are low structural plateau &
structural plains of Proterozoic rocks. The maximum & minimum elevations are 561
& 324 m above MSL at 9 km south of Aron in southern part and 31 km south south
west of Paron in the north western part of the district respectively.

3.2 Soil

The soil of the district can broadly be divided into 3 major groups

(A) Clayey soil associated with moderately stone of shallow depth occurring in
well-drained moderately sloping plateau formed by severe erosion
(B) Very shallow, well-drained loamy soils associated with stone on gently
sloping plateau formed by severe erosion.
(C) Moderately deep to deep fine soil developed in very gentle sloping and
well drained areas

4.0 GROUND WATER SCENARIO

4.1 Hydrogeology

District is characterised by variety of geological formations representing vast

period of geological time. The distribution of the geological formations is shown in
Fig-2

4.1.1 Laterite & Alluvium

Laterite of Cainozoic age occurs as boulders capping the Vindhyan & Deccan
Trap formations in the northern parts of the district. It varies in thickness from 1 to 5
m and ferruginous on nature.

Alluvium of Quaternary age occurs as a narrow belt along the major rivers like
Kuno, Parvati and Sindh. It comprises pebble beds, gravel, silt and sand

In the area occupied by the laterite and alluvium the ground water occurs
under water table condition. The granular portion of this formation such as sand &
gravel forms good aquifers, but the thickness is shallow. The depth to water level in
these formation ranges between 3.80 to 18.94 m.bgl. in pre monsoon period and water
level fluctuation ranges from 1.54 to 6.50 m
4.1.2 Deccan Trap

Deccan trap basalts of Malwa Group of Cretaceous to Paleozoic age occupy

major part of the district. Intertrappean of lacustrine or fluviatile origin occur in the
top part of the each lava flow. Deccan trap consist of number of basaltic lava flows.

Water bearing capacities in Deccan trap formation differ from flow to flow.
Phreatic aquifer occurs in weathered, jointed and fractured basalts. In the areas where
weathered basaltic layer is extensive, a continuous aquifer can be traced to some
distance, however due to low permeability of the weathered basalt the aquifer sustain
limited ground water withdrawal. The groundwater at deeper levels occurs under
semi- confined to confined conditions in vesicular, jointed & fractured basalts. Yield
of the wells in this formation varies from 3.5 to 8 lps. Unit draft of the wells varies
from 0.001 to 0.008 mcm/year for dug wells & 0.005 to 0.017 mcm/yr for tube wells.

Under the Ground water Exploration Programme CGWB has constructed the
exploratory wells and observation wells of 61.00 to 193.00m deep. The depth to water
levels in these wells varies from 12.10 to 41.20m bgl and discharge of the wells
ranges from negligible to 8 lps with a draw down of 28.00m.

4.1.3 Lameta Group

Lameta Group of Cretaceous age comprising siliceous limestone and highly

fossiliferous sandstone is exposed at 8 to 25 km. southwest of Sirsi in the northern
part of the district. It is horizontally disposed underneath the Deccan trap formation.
The ground water in this group occurs under phreatic condition with good yield.

4.1.4 Vindhyan Formation

The Sandstone intercalated with Shale beds are exposed in the northern &
northwestern parts of the district (Bamori & Guna blocks). The rocks are hard and
compact, but at places and at different depth it is fractured and jointed and forming
potential aquifer at deeper levels. The ground water occurs under semi confined to
confined conditions and are being exploited through bore wells. The yield of these
borewells is fairly good ranging between 2 to 10 lps. The depth to water level during
pre monsoon period ranges from 3.70 to 22.10 m.bgl. with seasonal fluctuation of
0.07 to 9.98 m

4.2 Depth to Water Level

To monitor the change in ground water levels in the district, Central Ground
Water Board is regularly monitoring 25dug wells and 8piezometers four times in a
year.

4.2.1 Pre Monsoon Depth to Water Levels

The depth to water levels during the pre monsoon period varies from 2.95
(village Akoda N lat.770 11’, E long 240 51’) to 17.40 ( village Myana E lat 770 27’, E
long 240 51’) m.bgl. The depth to water level of about 56.25% of the wells is in the
range of 6.50 to 12 m.bgl., 31.25% of the wells are falling in depth to water level
range of 12 to 17 m.bgl and in the remaining wells depth to water is between 15 and
17.40 m.bgl. The pre monsoon depth to water level map is shown in Fig No. 3

Fig.3:
4.2.2 Post Monsoon Water Levels

The depth to water levels during the post monsoon period varies from 2.85
(Village Berkheri) to 17.4 (village Myana E lat 770 27’, E long 240 51’) m.bgl. The
depth to water level of 56.25% of the wells is between 2.85 and 5.78 m.bgl. 31.25%
of the wells are falling in the depth to water level range of 6.00 to 10.00 m.bgl, and in
the remaining wells depth to water falls between 10.00 and 17.4 m.bgl. The post
monsoon depth to water level map is shown in Fig No. 4
Fig.4:
4.3 Ground Water Resources
Dynamic ground water resources of the district have been estimated for
base year -2008/09 on block-wise basis. There are five number of assessment units
(block) in the district which fall under non-command (96 %) and command (4.%
Bamhori and Guna) units. All blocks of the district are categorized as safe blocks. The
highest stage of ground water development is computed as 69 % in Guna block.. The
Net ground water availability in the district is 71,020 ham and ground water draft for
all uses is 40,459 ham, making stage of ground water development 57 % (54 % in
2003/04) as a whole for district. After making allocation for future domestic and
industrial supply for next 25 years, balance available ground water for future
irrigation would be 29,337 ham at 50 % stage of ground water development’s safe
limits in the district.

Table No. 5 Block wise Ground Water Resources

S. No. District/ Sub-unit Net Annual Existing Existing Existing Provision Net Ground Stage of
Assessment Command/ Ground Gross Gross Gross for water Ground
Unit Non- water Ground Ground Ground domestic, Availability water
Command/ Availability water water water and for future Development %
(ham) Draft for Draft for Draft industrial irrigation d
Irrigation Domestic for All requirement development
(ham) & uses supply to (ham)
Industrial (ham) next 25 year
water (2033)
Supply (ham)
(ham)

17 Guna
Command
Aron Non-Command 10493 3345 400 3745 575 6573 36
Block Total 10493 3345 400 3745 575 6573 36
Command 2603 220 37 257 49 2334 10
Bamori Non-Command 14610 8143 438 8581 649 5819 59
Block Total 17214 8363 475 8838 698 8153 51
Command
Chachoda Non-Command 14453 8523 723 9246 912 5019 64
Block Total 14453 8523 723 9246 912 5019 64
Command
Guna Non-Command 14566 9496 578 10075 712 4358 69
Block Total 14566 9496 578 10075 712 4358 69
Command 2854 323 52 375 106 2425 13
Raghogarh Non-Command 11439 7554 626 8180 1075 2810 72
Block Total 14294 7878 678 8555 1182 5234 60
District Total 71020 37605 2855 40459 4078 29337 57
4.4 Ground Water Quality

Ground Water quality in Guna district is assessed by CGWB on the basis of

water samples collected from twenty-five numbers of hydrograph stations. Ground
water is generally medium to high saline as electric conductivity values vary between
353 to 2443 micro mhos/cm. High EC of more than 1500 micro mhos/cm was found
in three dug well of Barod (1704 micro mhos/cm), Panchi (1709 micro mhos/cm) and
Khakariya (2643 micro mhos/cm) villages. Constituents like Fluoride, Sulphate,
calcium and Magnesium were within the safe limit for drinking water as per BIS
standards. Nitrate in the ground water varies from 6.4 to 332mg/l. nitrate more than
100 mg/l was found at Husainpur (332 mg/l) and Mau (313 mg/l) villages. High
nitrate in ground water appears due to the use of fertilizers etc. The total hardness of
ground water is under safe limit of BIS standards. High chloride of more than 250
mg/l was found at Barod, Panchi & Khakariya villages.

4.4.1 Quality of Ground water for Irrigation

High SAR is not good for irrigation as it lead to Sodium hazards. Water
samples fall in C2S1, C3S1 & C4S1 classes of US salinity diagram. The ground water in
the district is safe for irrigation purpose but proper drainage system is required where
EC is high.

4.5 Status of Ground water Development

Block wise status of irrigation by Canals, Tube wells, Dug wells and Ponds as
on year 2011) is given in table no. 6

Table- 6 Status of Irrigation

S.no. Block Number Number of Number of Dug Number Number of
of Canal/ Tube wells/ wells/ of Ponds/ other
Irrigated Irrigated Irrigated Area in Irrigated sources/
Area in Area in sq. sq. km Area in Irrigated
in sq. km km sq. km Area in sq.
km
1. Guna 8.70 159.13 43.28 5.57 43.78
4 2477 2882 5
2. Bamori 97.65 209.46 10.65 4.57 38.74
7 3636 1449 11
3. Aron 3.5 71.27 10.74 1.08 34.31
3 1012 1547 1
4. Raghogarh 80.14 45.53 150.64 24.32 108.07
3 642 6517 8
5. Chachora 9 11.22 97.84 3.14 18.32
5 278 5373 7
Total 199.01 569 401 38.68
22 8561 24646 32 258.45
Total %
Irrigation 13.4 38.4 27.1 3.04 18.1
Ground water is the main source of irrigation in the district and about 64.94% of the
irrigation is from either through the dug well or tube wells. Till 1960 farmers were
depended mostly on monsoon rainfall and a few dug wells were exited. The deeper
aquifers were totally unexploited in the year 1960 but after that ground water
development in the district progressed. The total number of dug wells and tube wells
in the year 2006 for irrigation purpose are 17768 and 8045 respectively.

5.0 GROUND WATER MANAGEMENT STRATEGY

5.1 Ground Water Development

Ground water development of the Guna district is 54.39% and all the blocks of
the district falls under the safe category and block wise ground water development
varies from 28.39 to 69.98%.

5.2 Water Conservation & Artificial Recharge

So far CGWB has not constructed any ground water conservation &
artificial recharge structures in the district.

6.0 GROUND WATER RELATED ISSUES & PROBLEMS

In general quality of ground water in the district is suitable for domestic and
irrigation purposes.
All the blocks of the district falls under the safe category and block wise
ground water development varies from 28.39 to 69.98%.
 7.0 RECOMMENDATIONS
The large area of the Guna District is suitable for bore wells and small patches
in western part and central part is suitable for construction of dug wells (Fig- 6.)

Compiled by-
H.S. Namdeo
Scientist-“C”

Under the able guidance of-

Shri. Parvinder Singh
Regional Director(I/C)