UNIT 3: TECHNOLOGY_ADVANTAGE/ DISADVANTANGE ESSAY

A. LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT

1. NOUNS
Words/phrases Meaning Example
He spends hours online every
day, neglecting other aspects of
Internet addict (n) Nghiện mạng xã hội
his life. He’s become an Internet
addict
The new medical research led
Breakthrough (n) Bước đột phá to a significant breakthrough
in cancer treatment.
Facebook and Instagram are
popular social platforms for
Nền tảng xã hội
Social platform (n) connecting with friends and
sharing updates.
The degree of authenticity
in historical documents can
Degree of authenticity Mức độ đáng tin cậy
vary based on their sources
and age
The scientific community
Advance (n) Bước tiến celebrated the advance in
renewable energy technology.
The company’s latest product
Sự đổi mới, cải tiến, sáng showcases remarkable
Innovation (n)
tạo innovation in design and
functionality
The team’s hard work resulted
Progress (n) Sự tiến bộ in significant progress toward
achieving their goals.
The factory implemented
automation to improve
automation Sự tự động hóa
efficiency and reduce manual
labor.
Law enforcement agencies
work tirelessly to track down
and apprehend
Cybercriminal (n) Tội phạm mạng cybercriminals.
Cơ quan chức năng làm việc
không ngừng để tìm ra và bắt
giữ tội phạm mạng.

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 Online fraud gian lận and
hacking fall under the
Cybercrime (n)
category of cybercrime.
Thuộc loại
People value their privacy and
Privacy (n) sự riêng tư seek ways to protect their
personal information
Some argue that censorship stifles
(=PREVENT)
Censorship (n) Sự kiểm duyệt
freedom of expression.( tự do ngôn
luận)
Companies invest in robust
Bảo mật internet/An ninh (=strong) Internet security
Internet security/ Cybersecurity (n)
mạng measures to safeguard
sensitive data.
Parents educate their children
Internet safety (n) An toàn internet about Internet safety to
protect them from online risks.
A skilled hacker can
infiltrate(=xâm nhập)
Hacker (n) Hacker
computer systems and steal
sensitive information
The overuse of
antibiotics( kháng sinh) can
the overuse of Sự lạm dụng
lead to drug-resistant bacteria
vi khuẩn kháng thuốc
Emergence (n) Sự xuất hiện
The fashion influencer
collaborated with a clothing
Influencer (n) Người ảnh hưởng
brand to promote their latest
collection.
Many youngsters are
Thanh thiếu niên
Youngsters (n) passionate about technology
= teenagers
and digital media.
The digital era has
transformed the way we
Era (n) Kỉ nguyên/Thời đại
communicate and access
information.
Excessive screen time can
Adverse effect (n) Ảnh hưởng tiêu cực have adverse effects on
children’s health.
Ultimate choice (n) Lựa chọn cuối cùng Selecting the right university

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 is an ultimate choice that
impacts your future.
The smartphone’s unique
Unique feature (n) Đặc điểm độc đáo feature is its built-in language
translation tool.
Social media platforms
monitor(=supervise=oversee)
Inappropriate content (n) Nội dung không phù hợp and remove inappropriate
content to maintain a safe
environment.
Discussing adult-related
Vấn đề liên quan đến issues with teenagers
Adult-related issue (n)
người lớn requires sensitivity and
openness.
As a technophile, he eagerly
Technophile = techie Người yêu công nghệ explores the latest gadgets(=
devices) and software.
Surveillance Sự giám sát

2. VERBS
Words/phrases Meaning Example
The company implemented new
Streamline Tối ưu hóa processes to streamline production
and reduce costs.
Employees need proper security
Access Truy cập clearance(=admission) to gain
access to sensitive data.
She needs to transfer funds
(money) from her savings account to
Transfer Chuyển đổi
her checking account( tài khoản
thanh toán).
The software allows users to
integrate data from multiple
Integrate Tích hợp
sources into a single dashboard
(bảng. điều khiển)
The company decided to automate
Automate Tự động hóa repetitive tasks using robotic process
automation.
The GPS system helps drivers
Navigate Điều hướng
navigate through unfamiliar roads.
Monitor Giám sát The security team uses cameras to
monitor the premises( khu vực công

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 ty) 24/7.
Sensitive information is encrypted
Encrypt Mã hóa
to prevent unauthorized access.
The software update aims to
Enhance Tăng cường enhance user experience and
performance.
The new technology has the potential
Disrupt Phá vỡ to disrupt traditional business
models.
Professionals in the IT industry must
Cập nhật kiến thức cho bản
Keep oneself updated (v) keep themselves updated with
thân
the latest trends.
The invention of smartphones
Revolutionise (v) Cách mạng hóa revolutionized communication and
connectivity.
Organizations need to adapt to
Adapt Thích nghi
changing market conditions.
The software developer will modify
Modify (v) Điều chỉnh
the code to fix the bug=error
The new user interface( giao diện)
Simplify (v) Đơn giản hóa aims to simplify navigation for
beginners
The company was accused of
Manipulate Thao túng manipulating financial data to
inflate their profits.
The new meeting room layout is
designed to facilitate
facilitate communication Tạo điều kiện giao tiếp
communication among team
members.
It's important to engage in real-life
engage in real-life Tham gia vào các mối quan
relationships and not rely solely on
relationships hệ ngoài đời
social media for connections.

3. ADJECTIVE

Words/phrases Meaning Example

The company implemented an
Automated Tự động hóa automated system for payroll
processing.
The smartphone manufacturer
Innovative Đổi mới released an innovative device with
advanced features.
Sophisticated (adj) Tinh vi The software has a sophisticated
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 algorithm(thuật toán) for analyzing
large datasets.
The invention of the internet was
Revolutionary (a) Mang tính cách mạng revolutionary in connecting people
globally.
She is a tech-savvy individual who
Tech-savvy (a) Am hiểu về công nghệ can troubleshoot=solve computer
issues with ease.
My grandfather is a technophobe
Technophobe (a) Người hiểu về công nghệ and prefers traditional methods of
communication.
The website has a responsive
Responsive Đáp ứng design that adjusts to different
screen sizes.
The library is transitioning to a
Digital Kĩ thuật số digital catalog (danh mục) for easier
access to books.
The new smartphone has a stylish
Stylish (adj) Phong cách design with sleek curves and
vibrant=sống động colors.
Make sure your antivirus software is
Up-to-date (adj) Cập nhật up-to-date to protect against the
latest threats.
The company prides itself on its
ethical business practices, ensuring
Ethical Đạo đức
fair treatment of employees and
suppliers.
The level of rainfall this year is
Unprecedented Chưa từng có unprecedented, causing
widespread flooding in the region.
The educational app provides an
interactive learning experience for
Interactive (adj) Tương tác
students, allowing them to engage
with the material.
Traveling to different countries can
be an eye-opening experience,
Eye-opening (adj) Mở mang tầm mắt
exposing you to new cultures and
perspectives.
Biggest beneficiary (n) người hưởng lợi lớn nhất The new government policy will
make small businesses the biggest
beneficiaries by reducing taxes and

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 regulations.
User-friendly (adj) Dễ sự dụng The user-friendly interface of the
app makes it accessible to people of
all ages and technological abilities.
Multi-functional (adj) Đa chức năng This smartphone is multi-
functional, serving as a camera,
music player, and navigation device
all in one
Inclusive Bao hàm The company promotes an inclusive
workplace culture where diversity is
celebrated and everyone feels
valued.
Ám ảnh với Some people become obsessed
with social media, spending hours
Obsessed with (adj)
each day scrolling through their
feeds.
Bền vững The company is committed to
sustainable practices, using
Sustainable
recycled materials and renewable
energy in its production processes

PRACTICE
Exercise 1: Complete the gaps with suitable words/ phrases given in the box.
MEDIA INFLUENCE
1. Why the media has a great influence in shaping people’s ideas
Very often, the media shows us a message over and over again____________, whether it is a
commercial or political message. _repeated exposure________ makes it easier for us to accept
something as true.
Media platforms often quote experts or famous people, and people tend to agree with these views
without verifying their __reliability__________.
Similarly, the media influences us by representing something as the view of the majority. We often
want to _____follow the crowd_______ when _ in doubt_________, thus can be easily persuaded
when the media uses this tactic_________.

reliability/ tactic repeated exposure/

in doubt over and over again/ follow the crowd/

2. Positives of media
All types of media connect people from all over the world easily and quickly. It is possible to know
about the news of our loved ones in real-time, even from halfway across the world.
Some media platforms allow some people to access information that they may not get otherwise. For
example, in certain countries, some political events may not be ____broadcasted_____ on TV, but
Facebook will still allow citizens to know about them.

3. Negatives of media

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One negative aspect of the media today is that it is hard to know which information is true or fake. As
anyone can spread any kind of information so easily, there is no verification of what we hear or see.
It is also very easy to get addicted to certain media channels like Facebook or television. Once
addicted, people cannot focus on more important tasks.
Sometimes the information we hear on the media influences our thinking in
___exaggerated_________ ways. For example, it is very easy to be __over-critical_________of
one’s body when unrealistic images of supermodels____flood the Internet_______.

over-critical flood the Internet broadcasted exaggerated

Exercise 2: Fill in the blanks with suitable words/phrases

Many people think modern communication technology is having some negative
effects on social relationships. Do you agree or disagree?

In recent years, modern communication technology has significantly impacted

social relationships. (1)While some argue that these technological
advancements have led to a decline in the quality of our connections with others,
I believe that there are both negative and positive effects to consider.
(2)On one hand., there is a prevailing concern that modern communication
technology has contributed to social isolation. It has created a situation where
people increasingly opt for (3)virtual experiences over face-to-face
interactions. In the past, friends and family gathered for meals, fostering
stronger bonds. Nowadays, individuals may sit together at a table but remain
engrossed in their smartphones, creating an emotional distance among them.
(4)Furthermore, the brevity of digital communication, such as texting and
social media, often fails to convey the depth of emotions and can lead to
misunderstandings and misinterpretations. (5)Consequently, people might
become overly reliant on technology for connection, inadvertently isolating
themselves from genuine social experiences.
(6)………………….., it is essential to acknowledge the positive effects of modern
communication technology on social relationships. (7)Most notably, it has
facilitated global connectivity by allowing people to stay in touch with loved ones
(8)regardless of geographical distances. Through video calls and instant
messaging, grandparents can witness their grandchildren's milestones, and
friends can maintain their bonds despite living in different countries.
(9)Additionally, online platforms offer opportunities for individuals to meet new
people, share common interests, and form new friendships, transcending the
limitations of physical proximity.
(10)In conclusion, while modern communication technology can indeed lead to
(11)social isolation, it is equally responsible for fostering global connectivity
and enabling meaningful interactions. (12)However, I believe that its overall

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 impact on social relationships is contingent on how individuals choose to use and
balance these technologies in their lives.

regardless of/ However While/ In conclusion

Additionally/ social isolation/ Most notably/ As such
Furthermore/ Consequently/ virtual experiences/ On one hand/

B. SKILLS DEVELOPMENT
Make outlines for these following essay topics
1. Many people use social media every day to get in touch with other people and obtain the
news. Do the advantages of this trend outweigh the disadvantages? opinion

Advantages of social media( more favored Drawbacks of social media( less favovered
side) side)

- Social media platforms are widely - Negative impact on mental health

accessible, allowing people to connect + immerse himself in virtual world,
regardless of geographical location.=> leading to mental health
grow up, have to work or study in outcomes such as
another city or country =>This loneliness,anxiety and
accessibility fosters a sense of depression
community and helps bridge physical + addictive behavior and social
distances.t comparison
- Social media users have access to a - stop oneself enjoy real-life experience
diverse range of news sources and + avoid engaging real-life
perspectives, allowing them to obtain a conversation => connect to each
well-rounded understanding of issues.=> others => not have a quality
By following different accounts and relationship
pages, individuals can obtain a well- + miss out the small joys in life or
rounded understanding of current take it for granted => not value
events, global issues, and local the life
happenings=> Counter(opinion) : - If we use social platforms,
it can be a great tool for us to broaden our
knowledge with potential sources. Also have
more motivation instead of comparing yourself
to others and have more networking
opportunities.

2. In most countries, with the widespread use of the Internet, people have more freedom to
choose to work and study at home instead of travelling to work or college. Do the advantages
outweigh the disadvantages?

Advantages Disadvantages
 Flexibility: Working or studying from  Lack of Social Interaction: Working or
home allows individuals to create their studying from home can lead to feelings
own schedules, accommodating of isolation and loneliness, as individuals
personal preferences and miss out on the social interactions and
responsibilities. networking opportunities that come with
For example, a parent with young being in a physical office or classroom.
children may find it more convenient to e.g: an extroverted individual who
work from home as they can schedule thrives on social interaction and
their work hours around their children's collaboration. Working from home may
needs, such as school drop-offs and deprive them of the camaraderie and

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 pickups. This flexibility allows them to support of colleagues, leading to
balance their professional feelings of loneliness and isolation.
responsibilities with their caregiving Without face-to-face interactions, they
duties effectively. may struggle to maintain meaningful
 Cost Savings: Consider an individual relationships with coworkers.
who commutes long distances to work  Impact on Mental Health: Prolonged
each day. Working from home periods of isolation and the lack of face-
eliminates the need for daily commuting to-face interactions can contribute to
expenses, such as fuel costs, public feelings of anxiety, depression, or
transportation fares, and tolls. Over time, burnout, impacting overall mental well-
these savings can add up significantly, being.
resulting in more disposable income for
the individual.
 Increased Productivity: With fewer
distractions and interruptions from
colleagues or classmates, individuals
may find they can focus better and
accomplish tasks more efficiently.

3. Is it good for children to start using computers from an early age and spend long hours on
it? Discuss the advantages and disadvantages.
Advantages Disadvantages
 Early Exposure to Technology:  Health Risks:
Introducing children to computers at a Excessive screen time and prolonged
young age can help them become computer use can lead to various health
comfortable and proficient with issues, including eye strain, headaches,
technology, which is increasingly musculoskeletal problems, obesity, and
important in today's digital society. sleep disturbances.

Example: Children who start using Example: Children who spend long
computers early may develop better hours on computers may experience eye
technological skills and adapt more discomfort, neck and back pain from
easily to new digital tools and platforms poor posture, weight gain due to lack of
later in life. physical activity, and disrupted sleep
patterns from exposure to blue light
 Enhanced Learning Opportunities: emitted by screens.
Computers offer access to a wide range  Risk of Addiction:
of educational resources, interactive Children can develop problematic
learning programs, and academic behaviors and dependency on computer
materials that can supplement traditional use, leading to difficulties in managing
learning methods and enhance screen time, withdrawal symptoms when
children's educational experiences. away from screens, and neglect of other
responsibilities and activities.
Example: Educational software, online
courses, and educational websites can Example: Children who exhibit signs of
provide children with opportunities to excessive computer use, such as
explore subjects in depth, engage with irritability when offline, loss of interest in
interactive learning activities, and other activities, or neglect of schoolwork
reinforce classroom learning at their own or chores, may be at risk of developing
pace. internet addiction or problematic gaming
behaviors.

4. The internet and technology, like mobile phones and laptops, are connecting us to each
other every hour of the day via networking sites and applications. Do you think it’s an
advantage or disadvantage?
Advantages Disadvantages
 Enhanced Communication: For
example, individuals can use messaging
apps like WhatsApp or social media
platforms like Facebook to stay in touch

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 with friends and family, even if they are
located in different parts of the world.
This connectivity allows for instant
messaging, voice calls, and video calls,
fostering closer relationships despite
physical distance.

 Strengthened Social Connections:

Social media platforms such as
Instagram or Twitter allow individuals to
connect with like-minded people, join
communities of interest, and participate
in discussions on topics they care about.
This virtual socialization can help
individuals feel connected and
supported, particularly during times of
isolation or loneliness.

 Enhanced Convenience: Imagine a busy

professional who needs to manage their
schedule, communicate with clients, and
access important documents while on
the go. Having a smartphone with
productivity apps like Google Calendar,
email clients, and cloud storage services
enables them to stay organized and
productive, even outside the office.

5. With the latest technological advancements, dating is now possible online. Would you
recommend online dating for your single friends? What are the advantages and
disadvantages of online dating?

Advantages of online dating Disadvantages of online dating

- Online dating platforms provide access - Online interactions can lack the depth
to a diverse pool of potential partners, and authenticity of face-to-face
expanding the dating pool beyond communication, making it challenging to
geographical limitations. gauge chemistry and connection
+ they can match people from accurately.
around the world, so they can + We did not know about dating
freely choose the most online before,so we tend to have
appropriate people to date with the insecurity to talk to them in
- Users can browse profiles and real life.
communicate with potential matches at + Some users may exaggerate or
their own pace and convenience, misrepresent themselves in their
eliminating the need for traditional in- profiles, leading to
person encounters. disappointment or deception
+Many online dating sites and when meeting in person.
apps use algorithms to match - Online dating scams and fraudulent
users based on compatibility activities, such as catfishing or financial
factors such as interests, values, exploitation, pose risks to users'
and personality traits, increasing emotional well-being and financial
the likelihood of finding security.
compatible matches.
+Some workaholic might find + It can be dangerous for users
struggling looking for their partner especially those in younger ages

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 => because they have to + it can also cause cyberbullying if
contribute the major time to work, they do not keep the sensitive
online dating is optimal choice for information or images.
them

6. Advancement in technology helps to improve the standard of life. Meanwhile, according to

data, while the average change in society in developing countries is positive, in richer
countries this can be exactly the opposite. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this?

A. Introduction

Explanation of the impact of technological advancement on the standard of living, noting its varying effects
across different countries.

Thesis statement: While technology generally enhances living standards, its effects can differ based on a
country's level of development.

B. Body

I. Positive Impact in Developing Countries

1. Access to Information and Education

Explanation: Technological innovations like the internet and mobile phones have revolutionized access to
information and education.

Example: In rural areas of Africa, mobile phones provide access to educational content and online
courses, empowering individuals with knowledge and skills.

2. Economic Growth and Infrastructure Development

Explanation: Technology-driven economic activities contribute to economic growth and infrastructure

development.

Example: Mobile banking services in India have facilitated financial inclusion, allowing people in remote
areas to access banking services and participate in the formal economy.

II. Challenges in Richer Countries

1. Job Displacement and Economic Shifts

Explanation: Automation and digitalization in richer countries have led to job displacement and shifts in
the labor market.

Example: The rise of e-commerce has disrupted traditional retail industries, resulting in job losses in
brick-and-mortar stores.

2. Social and Environmental Concerns

Explanation: Technology advancements raise social and environmental concerns, particularly in terms of
inequality and environmental sustainability.

Example: The digital divide widens inequality as those without access to technology are left behind in
terms of education, job opportunities, and social inclusion.

III. Conclusion

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 1. Recap of thesis: Technology has diverse effects on living standards, influenced by a country's
development status.

2. Call to action: Highlight the importance of addressing the challenges associated with technological
advancement through balanced policies and global cooperation to ensure inclusive and sustainable
development.

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