3.

Studies have shown that walking for 30 minutes a day

can delay and possibly prevent the development of type
2 diabetes.
1. There is a water reservoir floating in space that is equivalent A) Some studies have been conducted to prevent the
to 140 trillion times all the water in the world’s oceans. development of type 2 diabetes by walking for 30 minutes
A) The water in the seas of the planet is 140 trillion times a day.
bigger than the water storage in space’s sources. B) According to the studies, it is shown that walking 30

B) Compared to the water store drifting in space, the world’s minutes a day can delay and prevent the development of
seas are 140 trillion times bigger. one of the two types of diabetes.

C) In space, there is a water repository drifting that is C) According to the studies, walking for 30 minutes a day can

proportionate to 140 trillion times all the water in the put off and presumably prevent the development of type 2

oceans of the Earth. diabetes.

D) There used to be a water supply drifting in space that was D) The only way to prevent the development of type 2 diabetes

proportionate to 140 trillion times all the water in the world’s is walking for 30 minutes during the day.
sea. E) Studies show the fact that walking for 30 minutes during
E) There is a mineral deposit reservoir of the sea in space the day can prevent the risk of type 2 diabetes.
that is comparable to 140 trillion times bigger than the solar
system.

2. By the singer’s own admission in her autobiography, 4. The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) announced
working with a famous manager made her feel like a that if palm oil is refined at temperatures higher than 200
professional for the first time. degrees, it produces more carcinogenic substances than
other vegetable oils.
A) It was the first time the singer rejected that she felt like a
professional while writing her autobiography with a famous A) According to the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA),
manager. vegetable oils, when refined at temperatures above 200
degrees, create more carcinogenic chemicals than palm
B) It was the first time the singer felt like a professional when
oil.
she worked with a famous manager, which she admits in
her autobiography. B) The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) announced
that palm oil should not be refined at temperatures higher
C) In her autobiography, the singer admitted that working with
than 200 degrees due to its carcinogenic substances.
a famous manager professionally for the first time was
something she liked. C) According to the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA),
palm oil produces more carcinogenic chemicals whether
D) The singer liked the idea of working with a famous
refined at temperatures above 200 degrees or not.
manager for the first time when she admitted that she felt
like a professional in her own autobiography. D) Palm oil, when refined at temperatures above 200 degrees,
creates more carcinogenic chemicals than other vegetable
E) The singer admitted that she liked working with a famous
oils, according to the European Food Safety Authority
manager in her own autobiography.
(EFSA).

E) The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) warns people

about palm oil, which is refined at 200 degrees, as it can
cause cancer.

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5. Playing chess makes a significant positive contribution 7. Nutrition is a behaviour that should be done consciously
to mathematics and non-verbal cognitive skills and to take the nutrients needed by the body in sufficient
accelerates the development of the individual’s quantities and at the appropriate times in order to protect
mathematical intelligence. and develop health and improve the quality of life.

A) With its contributions to mathematics and non-verbal A) In order to protect and improve our health and increase
cognitive skills as well as mathematical intelligence, our quality of life, we must eat to get the nutrients our body
playing chess makes children positive. needs in sufficient quantities and at appropriate times.

B) Chess has a strong favourable impact on mathematics B) Nutrition is a deliberate action that consists of consuming
and non-verbal cognitive skills, as well as speeding up the the nutrients required by the body in order to protect and
development of mathematical intelligence. improve one’s health and quality of life.

C) A significant positive contribution to mathematics C) Consciously, the behaviour that needs to be done in order
and non-verbal cognitive skills are accelerated by to take the nutrients that the body needs in order to protect
the development of the individual’s mathematical and improve health and the quality of life is called nutrition.
intelligence.
D) Nutrition is a conscious activity that involves consuming
D) When an individual plays chess, less development of the the nutrients required by the body in sufficient quantities
individual’s mathematical intelligence and unfavourable and at the proper times in order to maintain and improve
impact on the individual’s mathematical intelligence can be health and quality of life.
seen.
E) We consciously want to protect our health and increase
E) While playing chess, you can feel the considerable positive our quality of life in order to get the nutrients needed by the
impact on mathematical intelligence and non-verbal body in sufficient quantities and at appropriate times; this
intellectual functioning. is called nutrition.

6. , which is supposed to stay on Mars for a 8. The concept of animal rights means that animals are not
long time, will collect soil samples; in this way, scientists objects that can be used for human purposes but should
will have the opportunity to closely examine the soil of be treated as individuals with their own wants and needs.
Mars. A) According to the animal rights concept, animals should be
A) , which is expected to spend a long time on regarded as persons with their own desires and needs.
Mars, will collect soil samples, thus allowing scientists to B) Animals should be treated as individuals with their own
investigate the Martian soil in greater detail. wants and needs rather than as objects to be utilised for
B) Although it is planned to stay on Mars for a long time, human reasons.
will leave Mars after collecting soil samples; C) Animal rights concept means that animals should be
in this way, scientists will examine the soil of Mars closely. treated as individuals with their own wants and needs
C) , sent to Mars to closely examine the Martian rather than as objects to be utilised for human reasons.
soil, is expected to collect soil samples which will be D) We should behave as individuals to the animals instead
studied by the scientists. of behaving as objects according to the animal rights
D) To have the opportunity to examine the Martian soil closely, concept.
the scientists allowed to collect soil samples E) Animal rights concepts mean behaving animals as
and stay on Mars for an extended period of time. individuals with their own wants and needs.
E) , which is scheduled to stay on Mars for
an extended period of time, is tasked with collecting soil
samples so that scientists have the opportunity to examine
the Martian soil closely.

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 3. The main function of some port cities such as Shanghai,

transport at first, but they have grown so excessively in

2019 YDT other ways that the major role of them is not just being a
port any more.
1. As shown in a study in which young adults became better
sleepers after three weeks of listening to classical music
at bedtime, music can have a profound effect on our lives. only port cities at the beginning; however, they have made
large progress in other fields and they are not used for sea
A) A study has found out that listening to classical music at
transportation any longer.
bedtime for three weeks helped young adults sleep better,
demonstrating how strongly music affects our lives. B) Before they were improved in other aspects immoderately,

B) According to the results of a study, young adults should

Francisco were used only for sea-land exchange.
listen to classical music at bedtime for three weeks to
increase their sleep quality since music has a deep effect
on our lives. to be the centre of sea trade, which led them to develop in
other matters inevitably.
C) As proven in a three-week study, bedtime classical music
has a significant effect on our lives, particularly helping
young adults improve their sleep quality. were among the port cities functioning as mainly sea-land
transportation once, they have had a vast improvement
D) Thanks to the profound effect of classical music young
in other businesses and therefore have other important
adults were able to become better sleepers at the end of a
functions as well today.
study after listening to it at bedtime for three weeks.
E) Music can impact our lives to a great extent, as young
the most important port cities, but they have lost their
adults who listened to classical music regularly at bedtime
importance as they have other trade businesses these
in a study were able to sleep better for three weeks.
days.

2020 YDT
2. Few inventions have had a more immediate or lasting 4. It may be challenging for specialists to find open positions
impact on world history than the railroad, the first mode outside of their original field because they have very
of land transport capable of outdistancing the horse and specific skills and knowledge.
camel.
A) Hard for specialists to find a job, they can keep it throughout
A) The railroad, the mode of land transport which offered their entire career if they are really successful in their
longer distances than the horse and camel for the first original field.
time, affected world history more directly and permanently B) Although it is very difficult for specialists to find an open
than most other inventions. position, once they find a job, they may keep it for many
B) Direct and permanent impact on world history came from a years.
number of land transport inventions, one of which was the C) Owing to their specific skills and knowledge, specialists
railroad, as it made it possible to travel longer distances have a better chance of finding a good position in their
compared to the horse and camel. original field whenever they need.
C) The horse and camel were outdistanced by the railroad, D) Job prospects for specialists are rather limited in that they
the first mode of land transport, which came as a more almost only have the knowledge and skills of the field they
direct and lasting impact on world history compared to have been trained in.
other inventions.
E) As bothersome as it may be to find an open position in their
D) Different modes of land transport that are able to go longer field, nothing compares to the job satisfaction specialists
distances than the horse and camel have been invented, achieve when they find a job in which they can use their
but the railroad was the first to have a direct and long- specific knowledge and skills.
lasting effect on world history.
E) World history has been influenced directly and permanently
by a great number of inventions, including the railroad,
which was the first mode of land transport that outperformed
both the horse and camel in terms of distance.

177
5. Although autism cannot be cured completely, individuals 7. While in some countries, nearly everybody is bilingual or
with autism can improve their adaptation skills to the multilingual, in the USA, many people speak only English,
world with socialisation treatments and special education, and they are rarely encouraged to become fluent in any
and they can also have a job and start a family. other languages.

A) Even if autism is a curable disease, people with autism A) Some countries force people to speak two or more
cannot adjust to the world, so they cannot do social languages at the same time, but in the USA, people are
activities such as having a job or starting a family. free to speak what languages they want.
B) In spite of its incurability, autism may give an opportunity for B) Even though nearly all people speak two or more
autists to adapt to social life with treatment and education, languages in some countries, many citizens of the USA
and also a chance to have a job and family. are not much motivated to speak other languages well, so
they speak only their mother tongue.
C) People with autism can be treated and adjusted to the
social world with special treatment, and therefore they can C) Although almost all people learn to speak foreign languages
marry and start work. in some countries, many Americans in the USA do not
D) Autism cannot be cured a hundred per cent, but individuals have the courage to speak another language fluently.
with autism can live with this disorder and can work as well D) Whether bilingual or multilingual, nearly everyone speaks
by means of special education. another language in the USA, but in other countries, almost
nobody speaks a foreign language in a fluent way.
E) Autism cannot be treated completely, but thanks to special
education and socialisation programmes, autists may be E) Whereas everyone knows how to speak at least two
adapted to the world as well as have an occupation and languages in many countries, nearly no one has the ability
found a family. to speak another language fluently in the USA.

6. The most fruitful product in Central America, the Gros 8. At the global climate change conference, more than a
Michel banana, was facing death in the 1950s, and these hundred countries signed a statement saying they will
days, the Cavendish, the Gros Michel’s descendant, has reform land use, reinvigorate agriculture and trade, and
the same fate as its ancestor. reverse the loss and destruction of forests by 2030.

A) The Gros Michel banana is the most lucrative product for A) Until 2030, the countries will have reformed land use,
Central American banana growers who had the experience reinvigorated agriculture and trade, and completed
of losing this fruit, but the Cavendish has been successfully forestation according to the statement signed at the global
grown, unlike its ancestor. climate change conference.
B) In Central America, the Gros Michel banana was the most B) The global climate change conference will make more than
famous fruit in the 1950s, but it did not live so long as its a hundred countries gather and come to an agreement on
descendant, the Cavendish. reforming land use, improving agriculture and trade, and
C) The Gros Michel banana, the most productive fruit in making up for the loss of forests by 2030.
Central America, was in danger of extinction years ago, C) Several hundreds of countries will have signed a
and its successor the Cavendish is in similar condition pact declaring land-use reform, agriculture and trade
today. enhancement, and forestation by 2030 at the global
D) The Gros Michel banana and the Cavendish banana were climate change conference.
grown successively, but the Gros Michel died in the 1950s, D) Over a hundred countries taking part in the conference of
the Cavendish is still alive now. global climate change signed a declaration in which they
announced their plans about land use reform, agriculture
E) The Cavendish banana has the same final as its ancestor,
the Gross Michel, which became extinct about seventy and trade fortification as well as transposing deforestation
years ago. until 2030.
E) At the global climate change conference, a hundred
countries around the world had an agreement on reforming
land use, improving agriculture and trade, except stopping
deforestation before 2030.

178
 4. The quality of the relationship that individuals establish
with their families during adolescence has an impact on
their future lives.
1. No matter how hard they try, this team will always be A) The future life of young people is of good quality if they
surpassed by their competitors in this tournament. have a good relationship with their families during their
teenage years.
A) Only if they try harder can they be ahead of their competitors
in this tournament. B) Adolescents’ future life quality is affected by the relationship
that they have with their families.
B) They will eventually beat their competitors in this
tournament unless they give up trying. C) Individuals’ future lives are influenced by the intensity
of their relationships with their families when they are
C) Although they tried as hard as their competitors did, they
teenagers.
couldn’t be successful in this tournament.
D) Adolescents’ family relations must be of good quality as
D) It is impossible for the team to outperform their competitors
they influence their future lives.
in this tournament however hard they try.
E) Future lives of individuals are under the influence of their
E) Whether they try or not, they will be able to outscore their
family relations.
competitors in this tournament.

2. It is possible that she could not concentrate on the exam

5. Humans are rare creatures that can distinguish between
questions yesterday because of her headache.
simple and complex rhythms since they are born.
A) Yesterday, she was so good that she was able to solve the
A) Humans can rarely differentiate the simple and difficult
exam questions easily.
rhythms from the early years of their lives.
B) She used to solve questions easily, but she did not
B) People who have the ability to understand the difference
understand anything at the exam due to her headache.
between simple and complex rhythms are really unique
C) She might not have focused on the exam questions creatures.
yesterday since she had a headache.
C) Humans are extraordinary creatures having the ability to
D) She could not take an exam yesterday because she had a produce simple and complex rhythms.
headache.
D) People are unique beings who have the ability to figure out
E) Yesterday, the exam programme must have been cancelled the differences between simple and complex rhythms from
because of the teacher’s health problem. the moment they are born.
E) Differentiating complex and straightforward rhythms is a
rare ability for human beings since they are born.
3. Hypertension is a common condition in which the pressure
of blood pushes against the walls of arteries, and it may
cause health problems, such as heart disease.

A) The state of blood pressure’s forcing vessels is called 6. If the components within the screen are not out of date,
hypertension, which results in heart disorders. dead pixels will not appear on LCD or similar devices.
B) When the blood pressure is high in the arteries, hypertension
A) The main cause of dead pixels on LCD and similar devices
occurs, and as a consequence, health problems like heart
is that the components on the screen are broken.
disease might develop.
B) Even if there are dead pixels on LCD and similar devices,
C) Hypertension is a prevalent situation of the walls of arteries
the components on the screen can be expired.
being forced by the pressure of blood, and as a consequence
of this, such health issues as heart disease might appear. C) Up-to-date components inside the screen can cause dead
pixels to appear on LCD or similar devices.
D) Hypertension occurs when the blood pressure is higher in
the vessels because of health problems, including heart D) Dead pixels will not display on LCD or comparable devices
disease. unless the components inside the screen are expired.

E) Heart disease, for example, is among the health problems E) In order to prevent dead pixels from appearing on LCD and
which may cause hypertension by making the blood similar devices, components within the display should be
pressure high in the arteries. updated.

179
7. Empathy is crucial in reducing aggressive behaviour, 10. The main mission of the project is to alter the fundamental
which is one of the most important steps to build a happier human understanding of nature by giving animals an
society. opportunity to communicate with us.

A) Creating a happier society without empathy will be difficult A) The project mainly aims to change how people regard
as hostile behaviours cannot be decreased. nature after animals are given a chance to talk to us.
B) In order to make a happier community, empathy has one of B) If animals are allowed to converse with us, the basic
the most important roles with great necessity in decreasing human perception of nature is going to change.
aggressive behaviour. C) The way people regard nature is supposed to change
C) Empathy, which helps to reduce hostile behaviours, is when we give animals a chance to communicate with us.
extremely important in order to build a happier society. D) It was primarily aimed to change human perception of
D) Hostile behaviours that cause unhappiness can be reduced nature by making animals talk to us.
through empathy, which is a very important step.
E) Changing the basic human perception of nature by giving
E) Empathy, which is a prerequisite for a happier society, animals a chance to converse with us is the project’s main
occurs with the reduction of hostile behaviours. task.

8. Given the history of humans, the existence of a settled life 11. Children with obesity may not eat more than their peers, but
began on a day that can be considered almost yesterday. they spend less energy, and their low energy consumption
is one of the risk factors for weight gain.
A) The transition of people to settled life took place very
recently, so we can say it was just like yesterday. A) If the obese children do not eat more and gain weight, it
means that they do not move enough.
B) The date when people settled down in the history of
humankind was not too far off. B) Doing sport is the most important thing not to be obese
C) People settled down such a short time ago that it can be because spending less energy means gaining more
regarded as almost yesterday. weight.

D) Considering the date when people settled down, it can be C) Obese children may not eat more than their friends but still
called new as it was yesterday. gain weight owing to the fact that they spend less energy.
D) Obese children may not consume more calories than their
E) Regarding the history of humanity, the existence of a
friends, but they consume less energy, which is one of the
settled life began on a day as if it had happened nearly
risk factors for weight increase.
yesterday.
E) Low energy consumption is more important than eating
much for gaining weight.

9. As well as supplying the body with oxygen, breathing 12. Not knowing that Jeff had fallen and broken his leg, Oliver
serves another practical purpose; it allows us to make continued hiking without pausing in the forest.
noises.
A) Oliver went on walking in the forest without a break
A) Breathing has another useful purpose besides delivering although he knew that Jeff had fallen and broken his leg.
oxygen to the body, enabling us to generate noises.
B) Because Oliver kept walking in the jungle with no pause,
B) Providing the body with oxygen, breathing makes it he was unaware that Jeff had fallen and broken his leg.
possible for us to make noises in a practical way.
C) Contrary to Jeff, who had fallen and broken his leg, Oliver
C) Aside from allowing us to generate noises, breathing continued walking in the forest non-stop.
supplies the body with oxygen, which is a really crucial
D) Oliver kept hiking without giving a break in the forest,
function.
unaware that Jeff had fallen and broken his leg.
D) The mere reason behind our ability to produce sounds is
E) Oliver not only kept walking in the forest without giving a
breathing, which also supplies the body with oxygen.
pause but also did not know that Jeff had fallen and broken
E) The process of inhaling and exhaling has only two his leg.
functions; providing the body with an oxygen supply and
helping us make sounds.

180