NATIONAL UNIVERSITY

First Year Syllabus

Department of Zoology

Four Year B.Sc. Honours Course

Effective from the Session : 2013–2014

National University
Syllabus for Four Year B.Sc. Honours Course
Subject: Zoology
Effective from the Session: 2013-2014

Year-wise Papers and marks distribution

 FIRST YEAR

DDdfedfe
Paper Code Paper Title Marks Credits
213101 Introduction to Zoology 100 4
213103 Animal diversity-1: Protozoa and Non-chordates 100 4
213104 Zoology Practical-I 100 4
Any Two of the following :
212807 Chemistry-I
Chemistry Practical-I
Or 100 4
Biochemistry-I
Biochemistry-I Practical
212808 50 2

212905 100 4
212906 50 2
213007 Botany-I
100 4
Botany-I Practical
213008 50 2
211501 History of the Emergence of Independent
100 4
Bangladesh
Total = 700 28
 Detailed Syllabus

Paper Code 213101 Marks: 100 Credits: 4 Class Hours: 60

Paper Title: Introduction to Zoology
1. Introduction
Concept, history and scope of Zoology, subdivisions of Zoology, application and importance of
Zoology, relation of animals to human.

2. Origin of Life Spontaneous generation, special creation, cosmic, naturalistic and recent theories.
3. Foundation of Animal Life
Origin of life – major stages in the early evolution of life (e.g. Stage I – Molecular, Stage II –
Polymeric, Stage III – Semi-biotic and Stage IV – Cellular); level of organization (protoplasmic,
cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, organism, species, individual, population, community, fauna,
biota, ecosystem, biosphere and biodiversity).

4. Cells and tissues

Cells and tissues – types, structure and function.

5. Bases of animal classification

Body forms (sexual, developmental and polymorphic), symmetry, polarity of the body, metamerism,
tagmatization, appendages (flagella, cilia, antenna, styles, poda, fins, wings and limbs); embryogeny
(radial, spiral, determinate and indeterminate cleavages; germinal layers and coelom types);
protostomia and deuterostomia; morphometrics and meristics.

1. Classification of Animals
Number of kingdoms; classification up to phyla on the basis of organization, symmetry, coelom and
phylogeny; different taxa and Linnaean hierarchy and nomenclature.

2. Methods of Studying Animals

Collection, sampling, transportation, preservation, identification and tagging.

3. Instrumentation in Zoological Studies

Microscopy, configuration, incubation, balance, collecting devices and kits, microtomes, habitat
analysis kits, haemocytometer, sphygmomanometer, photography, camera lucida and micrometer.

Paper Code 213103 Marks: 100 Credits: 4 Class Hours: 60

Paper Title: Animal divesity-1: Protozoa and Non-chordates
1. General characters with examples of protozoans, mesozoans and parazoans; radiate, acelomate and
pseudocelomate animals.
2. Broad classification of the following phyla up to orders with general and
diagnostic characteristics of each taxonomic category with examples and
affinities:
Sarcomastigophora, Apicomplexa, Ciliophora, Porifera, Cnidaria, Platyhelminthes, Annelida,
 Nematoda, Mollusca, Arthropoda, Echinodermata and Hemichordata.

3. Type study of the following with their origin, evolution, systematic position, habitats, external
morphology, organ systems such as digestion, movement, circulation, respiration, excretion,
nervous, reproduction, food and feeding habits, mode of life and development:

a. Phylum Sarcomastigophora: Euglena

b. Phylum Apicomplexa: Eimeria
c. Phylum Ciliophora: Paramecium
d. Phylum Porifera: Scypha
e. Phylum Cnidaria: Obelia and Aurelia
f. Phylum Ctenophora: Hormiphora
g. Phylum Platyhelminthes: Taenia
h. Phylum Nematoda: Ascaris
i. Phylum Acanthocephala: Macracanthorhynchus
j. Phylum Mollusca: Pila and Lamellidens
k. Phylum Annelida: Neanthes
l. Phylum Onychophora: Peripatus
m. Phylum Arthropoda: prawn and grasshopper
n. Phylum Bryozoa/Ectoprocta: Bugula
o. Phylum Brachiopoda: Lingula
p. Phylum Chaetognatha: Sagitta
q. Phylum Echinodermata: Asteropecten
r. Phylum Hemichordata: Balanoglossus

4. Brief notes on the following including habits, habitats, and food and feeding :

a. Sarcomastigophora: Trypanosoma, Leishmania

b. Ciliophora: Vorticella
c. Porifera: Spongilla
d. Cnidaria: Physalia, Gorgonia
e. Ctenophora: Bero
f. Platyhelminthes: Fasciola, Schistosoma
g Nematoda: Meloidogyne
h. Sipuncula: Sipunculus
i. Mollusca: Dentalium, Loligo, Octopus
j. Annelida: Chaetopterus, Tubifex
k. Arthropoda: Balanus, Scolopendra, housefly, Drosophila
l. Echinodermata: Echinus, brittle star

Paper Code 213104 Marks: 100 Credits: 4 Class Hours: 60

Paper Title: Zoology Practical-I
1. Study of museum specimens: Representative of all major non-chordate phyla
 (minimum 50 specimens to be studied).
2. Study of permanent slides: Whole mount, body parts and various cells and
invertebrate tissues (at least 20 slides to be studied):
a. Whole animals – representatives of protozoans, rotifers and arthropods.
b. Mouth parts of arthropods.
c. Parasites – nematodes and Platyhelminthes.
d. Different larval forms of invertebrates.
e. Histological slides of invertebrates.

3. Preparation and study of whole mounts of different non-chordates.

1. External morphology and dissection of various organ systems of earthworm, cockroach, prawn,
Pila and Lamellidens:

A. Major dissection
a. Circulatory system of earthworm and prawn.
b. Nervous system of cockroach, grasshopper, prawn, Pila and Lamellidens.
c. Reproductive systems of earthworm, cockroach, grasshopper and prawn.
B. Minor dissection
a. Digestive system of prawn, pila and Lamellidens
b. Nervous system of cockroach, grasshopper and prawn.

1. Temporary mounting:
a. Brain of earthworm.
b. Salivary gland of cockroach.
c. Statocyst of prawn.
1. Study of appendages (locomotory, prehensile, food capture, copulatory, defensive and offensive
organs of cockroach and prawn).
2. Field visit to observe local invertebrate fauna, or field visit to a farm, and prepare a report on
the visit.
 Distribution of Marks for First Year Final Examination

1. Major dissection (dissection 6 + display 2 + drawing and labeling 4) = 12 marks.

2. Minor dissection (dissection 4 + display 2 + drawing and labeling 2) = 8 marks.
3. Temporary mount (staining, mounting and display 4 + drawing and labeling 4) = 8 marks.
4. Spotting of museum specimens – 15 items (identification and classification 1 + diagnostic
characteristics 1) = 30 marks.
a. Invertebrate specimens (9 items) 2 × 9 = 18 marks.
b. Whole mount slides (mouth parts, parasites, larvae) (3 items) 2 × 3 = 6 marks.
c. Histological slides of non-chordates (3 items) 2 × 3 = 6 marks.
1. Appendages (detachment, placement and drawing on a paper sheet 4, labeling 2, displaying 1) = 7
marks.
2. Report writing on field visit = 15 marks.
3. Class records = 10 marks.
4. Viva-voce = 10 marks.

Books Recommended:

1. C. P. Hickman and L.S Roberts. 1995. Animal Diversity Wm C. Brown

2. J.W. Nybakken and J. McClintock 1996. The Diversity of Invertebrates: Gulf of Mexico Version.
Wm. C. Brown
3. L.S. Dillon. 1976 Animal Variety: An Evolutionary Account. Wm. C. Brown Company
Publishers. Dubuque. Iowa
1. J.D. Bernal. 1969. The Origin of Life. Weidenfeld and Nicolson. London.
2. G.B. Wilson and J. H. Morrison. Cytology. Affiliated East-West Press Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi
3. E.E. Rupert and R.D. Barnes 1994. Invertebrate Zoology (6th edition). Saunders
College Publishing Harcort Brace College Publishers. New York, London.
4. R.S.K. Barnes P. Calow and P.J.W. Olive, 1993. The Invertebrates A New Synthesis
Blackwell
5. A.J. Marshal and W.D. Williams. Text Book of Zoology Invertebrates (edited the 7th
Edition of Text Book of Zoology. Vol. 1, T. J. Parker and W.A. Haswell)
6. P. Wilmer 1990. Invertebrate Relationship: Patterns in Animal Evolution CUP.
7. J.W. Knudsen Biological Techniques. Collecting. Preserving an Illustrating Plants and
Animals. Harper and Row. New York, John Weather Hill Inc. Tokyo.
8. E.O. Wilson,T. Eisner and W.R. Brigges. Life Cells. Organist Populations.
9. M. Sleigh 1989. Protozoa and other protists.. Chapman and H. Inc. New York.
10. C. Starr and R. Taggart 1981. Biology: The Unity and Diversity life. Wadsworth Publ.
Co. Belmont, California.
11. J. W. Nybakken. 1996. The Diversity of Invertebrates a Laboratory Guide. Pacific Coast
Version. Wm. C. Brown
12. R.P. Dales. 1981. Practical Invertebrate Zoology. Blackwell Scientific Publications. Oxford.
London
13. R.L Wallace and W.K. Taylor. 1996 Invertebrate Zoology Laboratory Manual Practice-Hall
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Paper Code 212807 Marks: 100 Credits: 4 Class Hours: 60

Paper Title: Chemistry-I

1. Measurements and the Scientific Method: Measurements, units, SI units,

reliability of measurements – precision and accuracy, rounding off, significant
figures, significant figures in calculation, mean and median, errors, sources of
errors.
2. Structure of atom: Atom , isotopes, atomic masses, mass spectroscopy, atomic
nucleus, nuclear binding energy, nuclear reactions –fission and fusion reactions,
Bohr atom model, spectrum of atomic hydrogen, dual nature of electron,
Heisenberg uncertainty principle, quantum numbers, atomic orbitals, Aufbau
principle, Pauli exclusion principle, Hund’s rule of maximum multiplicity,
electronic configuration of atoms.
3. Periodic Table: Periodic law, periodic table, electronic configurations from the
periodic table, periodic properties of the elements such as ionization energies,
electron affinity, electro negativity, atomic/ionic radius along a period and down
a group, diagonal relationship
4. Chemical Bonds: Chemical bond, types of chemical bonds – ionic, covalent
coordination, metallic, hydrogen, polar and non polar covalent bonds, Lewis dot
structure, shapes of molecules, VSEPR theory, valence bond theory,
hybridization, ó- and ð-bonding in compounds, molecular orbital theory.
5. Oxidation and reduction: redox reactions, writing and balancing redox reactions,
6. States of Matter: Comparison between solids, liquids and gases, changes of
state, m.p. and b.p, phase transition, phase diagram of water.
7. Gases and Their Properties: The gas laws , the perfect gas equation, the
kinetic theory of gases, Van der Waals equations, real gases, Graham’s laws of
diffusion and effusion.
8. Solutions: Solubility and intermolecular forces, solubility product, types of
concentration units, colligative properties, of solutions, Henry’s law, Nernst
distribution law.
9. Acids and Bases: Various concepts on acids and bases, conjugate acids and
bases, neutralization reactions acid- base strength, pH, acid-base titrations,
acid-base indicatiors, acid-base properties of salts, the common ion effect, buffer
solutions, hard and soft acids and bases.
10. Chemical Equilibrium: Reversible reactions and the equilibrium state, the
equilibrium law, reaction quotients and equilibrium constants, calculations
 using Kc, Kp.
Homogeneous and heterogeneous equilibria, the principle of Le Chatelier and Brown.
11. Hydrocarbons: Hydrocarbons, saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons,
alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes, nomenclature of organic compounds- the
IUPAC system natural gas, petroleum, petrochemicals.
12. Study of different classes of organic Compounds: Alcohols,
aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, esters, amines and amides.

Books recommended:

1. General Chemistry, D. D. Ebbing, Houghton Miffin Co.

1. Chemistry – The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change, M. Siberberg. WCB
/Mc Graw-Hill.
2. Introduction to Modern Inorganic Chemistry, S.Z. Haider, Friends’ International.
3. Principles of physical chemistry, M. M. Huque and M. A Nawab, students’ publications.
4. Essentials of Physical chemistry, B.S Bahl, G.D Tuli and A Bahl, S. Chand & Co. Ltd.
5. Advanced Organic Chemistry, B.S. Bahl and A Bahl, S. Chand & Co. Ltd.
6. A Level chemistry by C.W. Ramsden
7. Organic Chemistry: T Morrison and R.N Boyed,
8. Fundamental of Organic Chemistry by W Solomons

Paper Code 212808 Marks: 50 Credits: 2 Class Hours: 30

Paper Title: Chemistry-I Practical

1. Preparation of FeSO4 Mohr’s salt and potash alum.

7H2O,

2. Separation and identification of four radicals from a mixture of anions and

cations The cations are pb 2+ , cu 2+ , Cd 2+ , Al 3+ , Fe 2+ , Fe 3+ , Co 2+ , Ni2+ , Zn 2+
Ca2+, Ba2+, Na+, K+ , and NH4 + , the anions are NO3 , CO32-, S2-, SO42-, Cl , Br and I+
3 . Standardization of NaOH solution using standard oxalic acid solution,
4. Determination of Fe 2+ using standard permanganate solution
1. Iodometric determination of copper (II) using standard Na2SO3 solution.]
2. Gravimetric determination of nickel as Ni(HDMG)2 complex
3. Determination of the enthalpy change for the decomposition of Sodium bicarbonate
into
Sodium carbonate.
1. Determination of the pH- neutralization curves of a strong acid by a strong base.
2. Investigation of the conductance behaviour of electrolytic solution and
applications (acetic acid)
3. Determination of the presence of nitrogen, halogen and sulphur in organic compounds.
4. Identification of the functional groups (unsaturation, alcohol, phenol, carbonyl, aldehyde,
ketone, carboxylic acid, aromatic amine, amide and nitro- groups) in organic compound.
Books Recommended:
 1. A Text Book of Quantitative Inorganic Analysis, A.I. Vogel, 3rd/4th edition,
ELBS and Longman Green & Co. Ltd.
2. A Text Book of Quantitative Inorganic Analysis, A.I. Vogel 3rd /4th edition,
ELBS and Longman Green & Co. Ltd.
3. Practical physical chemistry, A Faraday.
4. A Text Book of practical organic chemistry, A.I. Vogel, ELBS edition.

Paper Code 212905 Marks: 100 Credits: 4 Class Hours: 60

Paper Title: Biochemistry-I

1. Acid, base & buffer: Ion product of water; acid base PH, PH indicators, buffer solution and
buffer capacity, some biological buffer.
3. Thermodynamics: 1st law of thermodynamics, enthalpy, Hess’s law, 2nd law of
thermodynamics, Entropy, standard states, spontaneous, reversible, irreversible and
non-equilibrium reactions steady state.
4. Cell: Cell, Sub-cellular particles and structure and their isolation and identification; their
functions.
5. Carbohydrates: Nomenclature, classification, optical properties, general reactions,
colour
test and methods of estimation, isolation from natural sources and structure of glucose,
fructose, galactose, sucrose, lactose, maltose, starch, glycogen, cellulose, amino sugar.
Biological importance of carbohydrates.
6. Lipids: Nomenclature, classification. Reactions of fatty acids, sterols and methods of estimation;
structure and biological functions of different classes of lipids. Role of phospholipid in membrane
formation- the fluid mosaic model.
7. Amino acids and Peptides: Structural features, optical activity and classification of amino acids,
reaction of amino acids, ionization in solution, isoelectric behaviour, colour tests, isolation of amino
acids from protein hydrolyses, peptide bonds and biologically important peptides.
8. Proteins: General introduction; biological functions classification based on shape. Structure: different
levels of structural organization (in brief). Enzymes-chemical nature; effect of substrate. Temperature
and PH on its activity, Michaels-Menten equation, significance of Km values and Vmax; enzyme
inhibition, digestive enzymes.
9. Nucleosides and nucleotides: Basic chemistry of nucleosides and nucleotides: polynucleotides.
10. Vitamins: Classification, occurrence, deficiency symptoms, biological functions, vitamins as
coenzymes.
11. Hormones: Definition, Classification, their importance and functions.

Books Recommended:
1. Lehninger Principle of Biochemistry
By: David L., Nelson and Michael M. Cox.
Publisher: W.H. Freeman and company, New York.
2. Biochemistry By: Lubert Stryer.
 Publisher: W.H. Freeman and company, New York.
3. Biochemistry
By: Donald Voit and Juldith Voit.
Publisher: John Viliy & Sons.
4. Cell and Molecular biology
By: Gerald Karp.
Publisher: John Viliy & Sons.

Paper Code 212906 Marks: 50 Credits: 2 Class Hours: 30

Paper Title: Biochemistry-I Practical

a) Preparation of standard solution and standardization of HCL.

b) Estimation of calcium in biological sample.
c) Determination of ascorbic acid content of a biological sample.
d) Color tests for bio-molecules.
e) Determination of lactose content of milk.
f) Determination of phosphorus content of the supplied solution.

Paper Code 213007 Marks: 100 Credits: 4 Class Hours:60

Paper Title: Botany-I

1. Introduction: Origin and evolution of life; differences between plants and animals; modern
concepts of classification of living organisms.
2. Microbiology:
a) Introduction to Viroid, Prions, Rickettsia and Mycoplasmas.
a) Virus: Physical and chemical nature of phage, plant and animal viruses, multiplication of HIV virus and
economic importance.
b) Bacteria: Types, fine structure, reproduction and importance.
c) Fungi: Habitat, characteristics, classification up to class (Alexopoulos), reproduction, importance, life
history of Saccharomyces.
d) Cyanobacteria: Habitat, characteristics, structure, importance of Cyanobacteria.
e) Algae: Habitat, characteristics, classification up to class (Fritsch), reproduction, importance; life history
of Oeodogonium.
f) Phytoplankton: Habitat, characteristics, classification and importance.

1. Lichen: Habitat, characteristics, classification and importance.

2. Limnology: Definition, scope, importance and classification of lakes.
3. Bryophyta: Habitat, characteristics, classification up to classes and reproduction; life history of Riccia and
Anthoceros.
4. Pteridophyta: Habitat, characteristics, classification up to classes, importance; life history of Selaginella and
Christella.
5. Gymnosperms: Habitat, characteristics and importance; life history of Cycas and Gnetum.
6. Angiosperms: Habitat, characteristics, ICBN, classification systems of plant kingdom. (Artificial, natural &
phylogenetic). Identifying characters and economic importance of the following families: (a) Fabaceae, (b)
Solanaceae and (c) Malvaceae and (d) Poaceae.
7. Plant Pathology: Concept of diseases in plants, causes, diagnosis, classification and importance of plant
diseases, symptomatology and control measures; forecasting of plant diseases.
Causal organisms, symptoms and control measures of brown spot of rice, stem rot of jute, citrus canker and
tungro disease of rice.
8. Economic Botany: Local and scientific names, parts used and importance of at least 8 prominent plants of
each of the following groups: (a) Food, (b) medicine, (c) timber, (d) fiber, (e) oil and (f) vegetables.
Cultivation and processing of tea and rubber.

Books Recommended:
1. Agrios, G.N. 1997 : Plant Pathology (4th ed.). Academic Press, London.
2. Bold, H.C. and
M.J. Wynne. 1978 : Introduction to the Algae, Prentice Hall, India
3. Hawker, Lilian, E. 1967 : Fungi, Hutchinson Univ. Library, Cambridge Univ. Press,
London.
4. Lawrence, G.H.M. 1951 : Taxonomy of Vascular Plants. The Macmillan Co. New York.
5. Pelczer, M.J., E.C.S. Chan : Microbiology: Concepts and Applications. McGraw Hill Book
Co. and N.R. Krieg. 1993 Inc. New York.
6. Vashista, P.C. 1993 : Botany for Degree Students: Pteridophyta. S.C. Chand & Co.
Ltd. Ramnagar, New Delhi.
7. Mukherji, H. and Ganguly, 2000: Plant Groups, Central Book Agency, Calcutta.
8. Hill,F.A. 1972. : Economic Botany, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company,
India.
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 Paper Code 213008 Marks: 50 Credits: 2 Class Hours:30
Paper Title: Botany-I Practical

1. Detail study including dissection (where necessary), mounting, drawing, description and
identification with classification of the following genera: (any one) 10
Cyanobacteria : Nostoc, Anabaena
Fungi : Saccharomyces
Bryophyte : Riccia
Pteridophyte : Christella
Gymnosperms : Cycas
Angiosperm : Poaceae
2. Identification of the following genera with reasons: 6×1=6

Algae Volvox, Polysiphonia

Fungi Rhizopus, Agaricus

Lichen Crustose and Foliose

Bryophyte Anthoceros

Pteridophyte Selaginella, Marsilea

Gymnosperms Male cones of Cycas,

Angiosperms Scientific names of common plants around the institution.

3. Find out algal specimens from local fresh water sample; draw and describe 05

4. Study of the symptoms and causal organisms of Brown spot of rice and stem rot of Jute.

05
1. Detailed taxonomic study of the families as included in the theory syllabus.
08
2. Study of plant and plant parts, and economic uses of angiosperms included in the syllabus.
06
3. Preparation of herbarium specimens of local plants and submission during examination.
05
4. Laboratory Note book. 05

Books Recommended:

1. Agrios, G.N 1997 : Plant Pathology (4th Ed.). Academic Press, London.
2. Bold, H.C. and M. J. Wynne. 1978 : Introduction to the Algae, Prentice Hall, India
3. Devlin, M.R. and H.F. Witham.1986 : Plant Physiology (4th Ed.). CBS Publishers and
Distributors, New Delhi.
4. Esau, K.1953 : Plant Anatomy. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York.
5. Goodwin, T.W. and E. I. Mereer. : Introduction to Plant Biochemistry (2nd ed.). Pergamon
Press.
6. Hawker, Lillin, E. 1967 : Fungi, Hutchinson Univ. Library, Cambridge Univ. Press,
London.
7. Kumar, H.D. 1995 : General Ecology, Vikash Pub. House, India.
8. Lawrence, G.H.M. 1995 : Taxonomy of Vascular Plants. The Macmillan Co. New
York.
9. Pelczer, M.J., E.C.S. Chan and
N.R. Krieg.1993 : Microbiology: Concepts and Applications. McGraw Hill
Book Co. Inc. New York.
10. Vashista, P.C. 1993 : Botany for Degree Students: Pteridophyta. S.C. Chand &
Co. Ltd. Ramnagar, New Delhi.
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Paper Code 211501 Marks: 100 Credits: 4 Class Hours: 60

Paper Title: History of the Emergence of Independent Bangladesh

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K) †K›`ªxq I cÖv‡`wkK KvVv‡gv
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M) A_©‰bwZK, mvgvwRK I mvs¯‹…wZK ˆelg¨

4| fvlv Av‡›`vjb I evOvwji AvZ¥cwiPq cÖwZôv

K) gymwjg jx‡Mi kvmb I MYZvwš¿K ivRbxwZi msMÖvg
L) AvIqvgx jx‡Mi cÖwZôv, 1949
M) fvlv Av‡›`vjb: cUf~wg I NUbv cÖevn
N) nK-fvmvbx-†mvnivIqv`©xi hy³d«›U, 1954 mv‡ji wbe©vPb I cwiYwZ

5| mvgwiK kvmb: AvBqye Lvb I Bqvwnqv Lv‡bi kvmbvgj (1958-71)

K) mvgwiK kvm‡bi msÁv I ˆewkó¨
L) AvBqye Lv‡bi ¶gZv `Lj I kvm‡bi ˆewkó¨ (ivR‰bwZK wbcxob, †gŠwjK MYZš¿,
a‡g©i
ivR‰bwZK e¨envi)
M) AvBqye Lv‡bi cZb I Bqvwnqv Lv‡bi kvmb, GK BDwbU wejywßKiY, mve©Rbxb
†fvUvwaKvi, GjGdI (Legal Framework Order)

6| RvZxqZvev‡`i weKvk I ¯^vwaKvi Av‡›`vjb

K) mvs¯‹…wZK AvMÖvm‡bi wei“‡× cÖwZ‡iva I evOvwj ms¯‹…wZi D¾xeb
L) †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi 6-`dv Av‡›`vjb
M) 6-`dv Av‡›`vj‡bi cÖwZwµqv, ¸i“Z¡ I Zvrch©
N) AvMiZjv gvgjv, 1968

7| 1969-Gi MYAfy¨Ìvb I 11-`dv Av‡›`vjb

K) cUf~wg
L) Av‡›`vj‡bi Kg©m~Px, ¸i“Z¡ I cwiYwZ
8| 1970 Gi wbe©vPb, Amn‡hvM Av‡›`vjb I e½eÜzi ¯^vaxbZv †NvlYv
K) wbe©vP‡bi djvdj Ges Zv †g‡b wb‡Z †K‡›`ªi A¯^xK…wZ
L) Amn‡hvM Av‡›`vjb, e½eÜzi 7B gv‡P©i fvlY, Acv‡ikb mvP©jvBU
M) e½eÜzi ¯^vaxbZv †NvlYv I †MÖdZvi

9| gyw³hy× 1971
K) MYnZ¨v, bvix wbh©vZb, kiYv_©x
L) evsjv‡`k miKvi MVb I ¯^vaxbZvi †NvlYvcÎ
M) ¯^Z:ù‚Z© cÖv_wgK cÖwZ‡iva I msMwVZ cÖwZ‡iva (gyw³‡dŠR,
gyw³evwnbx, †Mwijv I m¤§yL hy×)
N) gyw³hy‡× cÖPvi gva¨g (¯^vaxb evsjv †eZvi †K›`ª, we‡`kx cÖPvi gva¨g I RbgZ
MVb)
O) QvÎ, bvix I mvaviY gvby‡li Ae`vb (MYhy×)
P) gyw³hy‡× e„nrkw³ mg~‡ni f~wgKv
Q) `Lj`vi evwnbx, kvwš—KwgwU, Avje`i, Avjkvgm, ivRvKvi evwnbx, ivR‰bwZK `j I
†`kxq
Ab¨vb¨ mn‡hvMx‡`i ¯^vaxbZvwe‡ivax Kg©KvÛ I eyw×Rxex nZ¨v
R) cvwK¯Ív‡b ew›` Ae¯’vq e½eÜzi wePvi I wek¦cÖwZwµqv
S) cÖevmx evOvwj I we‡k¦i wewfbœ †`‡ki bvMwiK mgv‡Ri f~wgKv
T) gyw³hy‡× fvi‡Zi Ae`vb
U) †hŠ_ evwnbx MVb I weRq
V) ¯^vaxbZv msMÖv‡g e½eÜzi †bZ…Z¡

10| e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi kvmbKvj, 1972-1975

K) ¯^‡`k cÖZ¨veZ©b
L) msweavb cÖYqb
M) hy× weaŸ¯— †`k cybM©Vb
N) mcwiev‡i e½eÜz nZ¨v I Av`wk©K cUcwieZ©b

History of the Emergence of Independent Bangladesh

Introduction: Scope and description of the emergence of Independent Bangladesh.

Writing on this topic.

1. Description of the country and its people.

a. Geographical features and their influence.
b. Ethnic composition.
c. Language.
d. Cultural syncretism and religious tolerance.
e. Distinctive identity of Bangladesh in the context of undivided Bangladesh.

2. Proposal for undivided sovereign Bengal and the partition of the Sub Continent, 1947.
a. Rise of communalism under the colonial rule, Lahore Resolution 1940.
b. The proposal of Suhrawardi and Sarat Bose for undivided Bengal : consequences
c. The creation of Pakistan 1947.

3. Pakistan: Structure of the state and disparity.

a. Central and provincial structure.
b. Influence of Military and Civil bureaucracy.
C . Economic, social and cultural disparity

4. Language Movement and quest for Bengali identity

a. Misrule by Muslim League and Struggle for democratic politics .
b. The Language Movement: context and phases.
c. United front of Haque – Vasani – Suhrawardi: election of 1954, consequences.

5. Military rule: the regimes of Ayub Khan and Yahia Khan (1958-1971)
a. Definition of military rules and its characteristics.
b. Ayub Khan’s rise to power and characteristics of his rule (Political repression, Basic
democracy, Islamisation)
c. Fall of Ayub Khan and Yahia Khan’s rule (Abolition of one unit, universal suffrage, the
Legal Framework Order)

6. Rise of nationalism and the Movement for self-determination.

a. Resistance against cultural aggression and resurgence of Bengali culture.
b. Sheikh Mujibur Rahman and the six point movement
c. Reactions : Importance and significance
d . The Agortola Case 1968.

7. The mass- upsurge of 1969 and 11 point movement: background, programme and
significance.

8. Election of 1970 and the Declaration of Independence by Bangobondhu

a. Election result and centers refusal to comply
b. The non-co-operation movement, the 7th March , Address , Operation Searchlight
c. Declaration of Independence by Bangobondhu and his arrest

9. The war of Liberation 1971

a. Genocide, repression of women, refugees
b. Formation of Bangladesh government and proclamation of Independence
c. The spontaneous early resistance and subsequent organized resistance (Mukti Fouz, Mukti
Bahini, guerillas and the frontal warfare )
d. Publicity Campaign in the war of Liberation (Shadhin Bangla Betar Kendra, the Campaigns
abroad and formation of public opinion )
e. Contribution of students, women and the masses (Peoples war)
f. The role of super powers and the Muslim states in the Liberation war.
g. The Anti-liberation activities of the occupation army, the Peace Committee, Al-Badar,
Al-Shams, Rajakars, pro Pakistan political parties and Pakistani Collaborators , killing of the
intellectuals.
h. Trial of Bangabondhu and reaction of the World Community.
i. The contribution of India in the Liberation War
j. Formation of joint command and the Victory
k. The overall contribution of Bangabondhu in the Independence struggle.

10. The Bangabondhu Regime 1972-1975

a. Homecoming
b. Making of the constitution
c. Reconstruction of the war ravaged country
d. The murder of Bangabondhu and his family and the ideological turn-around.

mnvqK MÖš’
1. bxnvi iÄb ivq, evOvjxi BwZnvm, †`Õ R cvewjwks, KjKvZv 1402 mvj|

2. mvjvn& DwÏb Avn‡g` I Ab¨vb¨ (m¤úvw`Z), evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³ msMÖv‡gi BwZnvm

1947-1971, AvMvgx cÖKvkbx, XvKv 2002|
3. wmivRyj Bmjvg (m¤úvw`Z), evsjv‡`‡ki BwZnvm 1704-1971, 3 LÛ, GwkqvwUK
†mvmvBwU Ae evsjv‡`k, XvKv 1992|
4. W. nvi“b-Ai-iwk`, evsjv‡`k: ivRbxwZ, miKvi I kvmbZvwš¿K Dbœqb 1757-2000,
wbD GR cvewj‡KkÝ, XvKv 2001|
5. W. nvi“b-Ai-iwk`, evOvwji ivóªwPš—v I ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`‡ki Af~¨`q, AvMvgx
cÖKvkbx, XvKv 2003|
6. W. nvi“b-Ai-iwk`, e½eÜzi Amgvß AvZ¥Rxebx cybcv©V, w` BDwbfvwm©wU †cÖm
wjwg‡UW, XvKv 2013|
7. W. AvZdzj nvB wkejx I W.†gvt gvneyei ingvb, evsjv‡`‡ki mvsweavwbK BwZnvm
1773-1972, m~eY© cÖKvkb, XvKv 2013|
8. gybZvwmi gvgyb I RqšÍ Kzgvi ivq, evsjv‡`‡ki wmwfj mgvR cÖwZôvi msMÖvg,
Aemi, XvKv 2006|
9. AvwZDi ingvb, Amn‡hvM Av‡›`vj‡bi w`b¸wj: gyw³hy‡×i cÖ¯‘wZ ce©, mvwnZ¨
cÖKvk, XvKv 1998|
10. W. †gvt gvneyei ingvb, evsjv‡`‡ki BwZnvm, 1905-47, Zvgªwjwc, XvKv 2011|
11. W. †gvt gvneyei ingvb, evsjv‡`‡ki BwZnvm, 1947-1971, mgq cÖKvkb, XvKv
2012|
12. ‰mq` Av‡bvqvi †nv‡mb, evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv hy‡× civkw³i f~wgKv, Wvbv
cÖKvkbx, XvKv 1982|
13. Aveyj gvj Ave`yj gywnZ, evsjv‡`k: RvwZiv‡óªi D™¢e, mvwnZ¨ cÖKvk, XvKv
2000|
14. ‡kL gywReyi ingvb, Amgvß AvZ¥Rxebx, w` BDwbfvwm©wU †cÖm wjwg‡UW,
XvKv 2012|
15. wmivR D`&`xb Avn‡g`, GKvˇii gyw³hy×: ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`‡ki Af~¨`q, BmjvwgK
dvD‡Ûkb, XvKv 2011|
16. RqšÍ Kzgvi ivq, evsjv‡`‡ki ivR‰bwZK BwZnvm, myeY© cÖKvkb, XvKv 2010|
17. Harun-or-Roshid, The Foreshadowing of Bangladesh: Bengal Muslim League and
Muslim Politics, 1906-1947, The University Press Limited, Dhaka 2012.
18. Rounaq Jahan, Pakistan: Failure in National Integration, The University Press Limited,
Dhaka 1977.
19. Talukder Maniruzzaman, Radical Politics and the Emergence of Bangladesh, Mowla,
Brothers, Dhaka 2003.
20. ‡gmevn Kvgvj I Ckvbx PµeZx©, bv‡Pv‡ji K…lK we‡`ªvn, mgKvjxb ivRbxwZ I Bjv
wgÎ, DËiY, XvKv 2008|
21. ‡gmevn Kvgvj, Avmv` I Ebmˇii MYAfy¨Ìvb, weeZ©b, XvKv 1986|