A

PROJECT REPORT ON

“IOT BASED TRANSMISSION LINE FAULT DETECTION

AND MONITORING SYSTEM”
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of
DIPLOMA IN
ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
{2021-2024}
BY
01. G. PRADEEPTHI 21630-EE-027
02. P. SAITEJA 21630-EE-024
03. A. PRANEETH 21630-EE-039
04. V. ANANDH 21630-EE-049
05. MD. MUQEET 21630-EE-010
06. J. VINAY 21630-EE-042
07. M. ABHIRAM 21630-EE-025
08. CH. DINESH 21630-EE-022
09. G. VAMSHI 21630-EE-016
10. V. SRAVANTHI 21630-EE-043
11. V. KARTHIK 21630-EE-032
12. P. THIRUPATHI 21630-EE-038
UNDER THE ESTEEMED GUIDANCE OF

SMT N. RAJESHWARI M. TECH

LECTURER IN EEE DEPARTMENT

DIPLOMA IN ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC CHERIAL

DIST: SIDDIPET, PIN:506223

 GOVERNMENT POLYTECHINC CHERIAL
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify the students G.PRADEEPTHI[21630-EE-027],P.SAITEJA[21630-EE-
024],A.PRANEETH[21630-EE-039],V.ANANDH[21630-EE-049],MD.MUQEET[21630-
EE-010],J.VINAY[21630-EE-042],M.ABHIRAM[21630-EE-025],CH.DINESH[21630EE-
022],G.VAMSHI[21630-EE-016],V.SRAVANTHI[21630-EE-043],V.KARTHIK[21630-
EE-032],P.THIRUPATHI[21630-EE-038], of Electrical and Electronics Engineering have
completed the project work entitled “ IOT BASED TRANSMISSION LINE FAULT
DETECTION AND MONITORING SYSTEM” In partial fulfillment of requirements for
the award of the d degree diploma in Electrical and Electronics Engineering during the
period of (2021-24).

(INTERNAL GUIDE) (EXTERNALGUIDE)

Smt N. RAJESHWARI M.Tech

(HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT) (PRICIPAL)

Smt M. AMBIKA VARMA M.Tech G. MOHANBABU M.Tech
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I owe my acknowledgement to all those people who made this project and express our
most sincere feelings to all those people who were involved in my project work.
I wish to express my sincere deep sense of gratitude to our guide Smt N. RAJESHWARI
for her significant suggestions and help in every aspect to accomplish the project work.
I wish to express my sincere thanks to the head of department,SmtM.AMBIKAVARMA,
without her blessings it would not have been possible for us to carry out this treatise work.
I wish to express our sincere thanks to the principal, Sri G. MOHANBABU,
Without his blessings it would not have been possible for us to carry out this treatise work.
I am grateful to my parents and friends for the way they co-operated and
expected me to achieve success have stirred out ambition always to do my best.
Last but not least, I would like to thank all our college lecturers who made us to
complete this project

G. PRADEEPTHI 21630-EE-027

P. SAITEJA 21630-EE-024

A. PRANEETH 21630-EE-039

V. ANANDH 21630-EE-049

MD. MUQEET 21630-EE-010

J. VINAY 21630-EE-042

M. ABHIRAM 21630-EE-025

CH. DINESH 21630-EE-022

G. VAMSHI 21630-EE-016

V. SRAVANTHI 21630-EE-043

V. KARTHIK 21630-EE-032

P. THIRUPATHI 21630-EE-038
 ABSTRACT

• The main aim of this project is to design a three-phase transmission line fault
detection using an Arduino Nano and display the fault type on LCD module. This
system detects such types of faults line-line fault, open circuit fault line to line-line,
line – line ground, line-ground fault. This proposed model uses the concept of Ohms
law to detect the faults which is quick, reliable and cost effective.
• This system consists of ESP 8266 WI-FI module to send the data into the thing speak
cloud and sends the alert intimation to user mobile through blynk application. Here
the current sensing circuits make a set of resistors interfaced to Arduino
microcontroller at A D C port for providing digital data to the microcontroller.
• Hence the fault is detecting in transmission lines, this data upload into the thing speak
cloud along with date and time and alert notification will send to the user mobile
through blynk app also microcontroller will display the fault name on LCD module
and activate Buzzer for alerts.
• This system will give the indication of particular phase fault through RED, GREEN
and YELLOW LEDs. This project consists of fire and smoke sensors to detect the fire
and smoke accidents and alerts the person through Buzzer. To achieve this task, the
microcontroller loaded program written in embedded language.
 CONTENTS

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
1.1 INTRODUCTION OF THE PROJECT
1.2 PROJECT OVERVIEW
1.3 THESIS
CHAPTER 2: HARDWARE DESCRIPTION
2.1 INTRODUCTION WITH BLOCK DIAGRAM
2.2 ARDUINO NANO
2.3 LED
2.4 ESP8266 WI-FI MODULE
2.5 FLAME SENSOR
2.6 LCD DISPLAY
2.7 BUZZER
2.8 SMOKE SENSOR
CHAPTER 3: PROJECT DESCRIPTION
3.1 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
3.2 WORKING
CHAPTER 5: ADVANTAGES AND APPLICATIONS
CHAPTER 6: CONCLUSION
 CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 INTRODUCTION:
The main aim of this project is to design a three-phase transmission line fault detection
using an Arduino Nano and display the fault type on LCD module. This system detects such
types of faults line-line fault, open circuit fault line to line-line, line – line ground, line-
ground fault. This proposed model uses the concept of Ohms law to detect the faults which is
quick, reliable and cost effective.

This system consists of ESP 8266 WI-FI module to send the data into the thing speak
cloud and sends the alert intimation to user mobile through blynk application. Here the
current sensing circuits made a set of resistors that are interfaced to Arduino microcontroller
at A D C port for providing digital data to the microcontroller.

Hence the fault is detecting in transmission lines, this data upload into the thing speak
cloud along with date and time and alert notification will send to the user mobile through
blynk app also microcontroller will display the fault name on LCD module and activate
Buzzer for alerts.

This system will give the indication of particular phase fault through RED, GREEN and
YELLOW LEDs. This project consists of fire and smoke sensors to detect the fire and smoke
accidents and alerts the person through Buzzer. To achieve this task, the microcontroller
loaded program written in embedded language.

1.2 PROJECT OVERVIEW:

The project “IOT BASED TRANSMISSION LINE FAULT DETECTION AND
MONITORING SYSTEM” using Arduino is an exclusive project which is capable of
detecting three phase fault and sending alert indication and sending alert notification to
the user mobile using blynk app also upload the fault information into the thing speak
cloud along with date and time using esp8266 wi-fi module. This system consists of fire
and smoke sensor to detects the fire and smoke and alerts the person through buzzer if
the system detects fire and smoke.
 CHAPTER 2:
HARDWARE DESCRIPTION

2.1 INTRODUCTION WITH BLOCK DIAGRAM:

In this chapter the block diagram of project and design is shown in figure below.

BLOCK DIAGRAM

The main block of the project is:

1. Adapter power supply.
2. Arduino UNO Microcontroller.
3. Three phase transmission lines.
4. Resistor.
5. LCD with driver.
6. Esp8266 Wi-Fi module.
7. Buzzer.
8. RED, GREEN, YELLOW LEDs.
9. Fire sensor.
10. Smoke sensor.
2.2 ARDUINO NANO:

Fig: 2.2 Arduino Pro Mini

This is a 3.3V Arduino running the 8 MHz bootloader. Arduino Pro Mini does not come
with connectors populated so that you can solder in any connector or wire with any orientation
you need. We recommend first time Arduino users start with the Uno R3. It's a great board that
will get you up and running quickly. The Arduino Pro series is meant for users that understand
the limitations of system voltage (3.3V), lack of connectors, and USB off board.

This board connects directly to the FTDI Basic Breakout board and supports auto-reset.
The Arduino Pro Mini also works with the FTDI cable but the FTDI cable does not bring out
the DTR pin so the auto-reset feature will not work. There is a voltage regulator on board so it
can accept voltage up to 12V DC. If you're supplying unregulated power to the board, be sure
to connect to the "RAW " pin on not VCC.

Arduino Pro Mini Specifications & Features:

• DC input 3.3V up to 12V.

• Max 150mA output.
• 3.3V regulator.
• Analog Pins: 8.
• Digital I/O s: 14.
• On board Power and Status LEDs.
• USB connection off board.
2.2 LED:

Fig: 2.3 LED

A light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor light source. LEDs are used as indicator
lamps in many devices and are increasingly used for lighting. Introduced as a practical
electronic component in 1962, early LEDs emitted low-intensity red light, but modern versions
are available across visible, ultraviolet and infrared wavelengths, with very high brightness.
The internal structure and parts of a led are shown in figure 2.3.

The structure of the LED light is completely different than that of the light bulb.
Amazingly, the LED has a simple and strong structure. The light-emitting semiconductor
material is what determines the LED 's colour. LED is based on the semiconductor diode.

When a diode is forward biased (switched on), electrons can recombine with holes within
the device, releasing energy in the form of photons. This effect is called electro luminescence
and the colour of the light (corresponding to the energy of the photon) is determined by the
energy gap of the semiconductor.

LED lights have a variety of advantages over other light sources:

• High-levels of brightness and intensity.

• High-efficiency.
• Low -voltage and current requirements.
• Low radiated heat.
• High reliability.
2.4 ESP8266 WI-FI MODULE:

Fig: 2.4 ESP8266 Wi-Fi Module:

The ESP8266 Wi-Fi Module is a self-contained SOC with integrated TCP/IP protocol
stack that can give any microcontroller access to your Wi-Fi network. The ESP8266 is
capable of either hosting an application or offloading all Wi-Fi networking functions from
another application processor. Each ESP8266 module comes pre-programmed with an AT
command set firmware, meaning you can simply ok this up to your Arduino device and get
about as much Wi-Fi-ability as a Wi-Fi Shield offers (and that’s just out of the box). The ESP
8266 module is an extremely cost-effective board with a huge, and ever-growing,
community.

This module has a powerful enough on-board processing and storage capability that
allows it to be integrated with the sensors and other application specified devices through its
GPIOs with minimal development up front and minimal loading during runtime. Its high
degree of on-chip integration allows for minimal external circuitry, including the front-end
module, and is designed to occupy minimal PCB area. The ESP8266 supports APSD for
VoIP applications and Bluetooth co-existence interfaces; it contains a self-calibrated RF
allowing it to work under all operating conditions and requires no external RF parts.

ESP8266 Wi-Fi Module Specifications & Features:

• 802.11 b/g/n.
• Wi-Fi Direct (P2P), soft-AP.
• Integrated TCP/IP protocol stack.
• 1MB Flash Memory.
2.5 FLAME SENSOR:

Fig: 2.5 Flame Sensor:

The Flame Detection Sensor Module is sensitive to flames, but also can detect ordinary light.
Usually used as a flame alarm. Detects a flame or a light source of a wavelength in the range
of 760nm -1100 nm. Detection points of about 60 degrees, particularly sensitive to the flame
spectrum. Sensitivity is adjustable, stable performance.

Flame Sensor Specifications & Features:

• The detection angle is about 60 degrees, it is sensitive to the flame spectrum. Accuracy
adjustable.
• Operating voltage 3.3V-5V.
• Output a analog voltage output b digital switch outputs (0 and 1) With a mounting screw
hole PCB size: 3cm * 1.6cm.
• Power indicator (red) and digital switch output indicator (green)
• Comparator chip LM 393, it is stable.
• Flame detection distance, lighter flame test can be triggered within 0.8m, if the
• intensity of the flame is high; the detection distance will be increased.
2.6 LCD DISPLAY:

Fig: 2.6 Lcd Display

LCD 16x2 Pin Configuration and Its Working:

Nowadays, we always use devices which are made of LCDs such as CD players, DVD
players, digital watches, computers, etc. These components are used in the screen industries to
replace the utilizations of CRTs. Cathode Roy tubes use huge power when compared with
LCDs and CRTs heavier as well as bigger. These devices are thinner as well power
consumption is extremely less. The LCD 16x2, pin configuration and its working.

What is the LCD 16x2:

The term LCD stands for liquid crystal display. It is one kind of electronic display module
used in an extensive range of applications like various circuits & devices like mobile phones,
calculators, TV sets, etc. These displays are mainly preferred for multi-segment light-emitting
diodes and seven segments.

LCD Display Features:

• The utilization of current is 1mA with no backlight.

• Its display can work in two modes like 4-bit & 8-bit.
• It includes two rows where each row can produce 16 characters.
2.7 BUZZER:

Fig: 2.7 Buzzer:

Basically, the sound source of a piezoelectric sound component is piezoelectric

diaphragm. A piezoelectric diaphragm consists of a piezoelectric ceramic plate which has
electrodes on both sides and of a metal plate (brass or stainless steel, etc.). A piezoelectric
ceramic plate is attached to a metal plate with adhesives. Applying DC. voltage between
electrodes of a piezoelectric diaphragm causes mechanical distortion due to the piezoelectric
effect. For a misshaped piezoelectric element, the distortion of the piezoelectric element
expands in a radial direction. And the piezoelectric diaphragm bends toward the direction.

The metal plate bonded to the piezoelectric element does not expand. Conversely, when
the piezoelectric element shrinks, the piezoelectric diaphragm bends in the direction Thus,
when AC voltage is applied across electrodes, the bending is repeated, producing sound waves
in the air.

If a battery is used as the power supply, it is worth remembering that piezo so under draw much
less current than buzzers. Buzzers also just have one‘tone’, whereas a piezo sounder can create
sounds of many different tones.

To switch on buzzer -high 1

To switch off buzzer -low 1

2.8 SMOKE SENSOR:

Fig: 2.8 Smoke Sensor:

The sensitive material of MQ-2 smoke sensor is SnO2, which with lower conductivity
in clean air. When the target combustible smoke exists, the sensor’s conductivity is higher
along with the smoke concentration rising. Please use simple electro circuit, convert change of
conductivity to correspond output signal of smoke concentration.MQ-2 smoke sensor has
highly sensitive to LPG, Propane and Hydrogen, also could be used to Methane and other
combustible steam, it is with low cost and suitable for different applications.

This semiconductor gas sensor detects the presence of combustible gas and smoke at
concentrations from 300 to 10,000 ppm. The sensor’ simple analog voltage interface requires
only one analog input pin from your microcontroller. This flammable gas and smoke sensor
detects the concentrations of combustible gas in the air and outputs its reading as an analog
voltage. The sensor can measure concentrations of flammable gas of 300 to 10,000 ppm. The
sensor can operate at temperatures from -20 to 50°C and consumes less than 150 mA at 5 V.

Smoke Sensor Specifications & Features:

• Wide detecting scope.

• Fast response and High sensitivity.
• Stable and long life.
• Simple drive circuit.
 CHAPTER 3:

PROJECT DESCRIPTION

3.1 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

3.2 WORKING OF PROJECT:

This system detects such types of faults line-line fault, open circuit fault line to line-line,
line – line ground, line-ground fault. This proposed model uses the concept of Ohms law to
detect the faults which is quick, reliable and cost effective.

This system consists of ESP 8266 WI-FI module to send the data into the thing speak
cloud and sends the alert intimation to user mobile through blynk application. Here the current
sensing circuits made a set of resistors that are interfaced to Arduino microcontroller at A D C
port for providing digital data to the microcontroller.

Hence the fault is detecting in transmission lines, this data upload into the thing speak
cloud along with date and time and alert notification will send to the user mobile through blynk
app also microcontroller will display the fault name on LCD module and activate Buzzer for
alerts.
 This system will give the indication of particular phase fault through RED, GREEN and
YELLOW LEDs. This project consists of fire and smoke sensors to detect the fire and smoke
accidents and alerts the person through Buzzer.
 CHAPTER 4:
ADVANTAGES & APPLICATIONS

ADVANTAGES:
• Automatic detection of three phase faults.
• Automatic fire and smoke detection
• Automatic alert using buzzer and blynk app
• Low power consumption
• Efficient and low-cost design
• Fast response

APPLICATIONS:

• Industrials applications
• Home appliances
• Underground faults on road
RESULT:

The project “IOT BASED TRANSMISSION LINE FAULT DETECTION AND

MONITORING SYSTEM” was design a transmission line fault detection system. When the
system detects the fault, IoT device will upload the fault data along with date and time into
the thingspeak cloud technology and sending blynk notification to the used mobile
simultaneously the appropriate LED will glow automatically. This system will monitor the
fault type on LCD and activate the buzzer for alerts. When the system detects fire or smoke,
it will activate the buzzer for alerts. To achieve this task Arduino loaded program written in
embedded C language.
 CHAPTER 6

CONCLUSION

CONCLUSION:

Integrating features of all the hardware components used have been developed in it the
presence of every module has been reasoned out and placed carefully, thus contributing to the
best working of the unit. Secondly, using highly advanced ICs with the help of growing
technology, the project has been successfully implemented. Thus, the project has been
successfully designed and tested.

FUTURE SCOPE:

We can add GSM to this project so we can get the alert message from the kit.

REFERENCES:

The sites which were used while doing the project:

1. www.wikipedia.com
2. www.allaboutcircuits.com
3. www.microchip.com
4. www.howstuffworks.com

BOOKS REFERED:

1. Raj Kamal – Microcontrollers Architecture, Programming, Interfacing and System

Design.
2. Mazidi and Mazidi – Embedded Systems.
3. PCB Design Tutorial – David.L.Jones.
4. PIC Microcontroller Manual – Microchip.
5. Embedded C – Michael.J.Pont.