Các công thức biến đổi câu với Although sang câu với Despite

*Nếu chủ ngữ của 2 mệnh đề giống nhau thì ta bỏ chủ ngữ rồi lấy
động từ thêm –ing:
Although + S + V → In spite of/ Despite + V_ing

⇒ Despite being ill, he still went to school.

Ví dụ: Although he was ill, he still went to school.

*Nếu chủ ngữ là danh từ + be + tính từ thì ta đem tính từ đặt trước
danh từ, bỏ to be:
Although + The + N + Be + Adj → In spite of/Despite + The + Adj + N

⇒ Despite / in spite of the dirty car, he didn’t wash it.

Ví dụ: Although the car was dirty, he didn’t wash it.

*Nếu chủ ngữ là đại từ + be + tính từ thì ta đổi đại từ thành sở hữu,
đổi tính từ thành danh từ, bỏ be
Although + S + Be + Adj → In spite of/ Despite + His /her/ their + N

⇒ Despite his illness, he still went to school.

Ví dụ: Although he was ill, he still went to school.

*Thêm the fact that trước mệnh đề:

Although + S + V → In spite of/ Despite + The fact that + S + V

⇒ Despite the fact that I studied very hard, I failed the placement test.
Ví dụ: Although I studied very hard, I failed the placement test.

Bổ sung lý thuyết

1 – Cấu trúc Because

Because + S + V + O, S + V + O hoặc S + V + O, because S + V + O
Ví dụ:
We stay at our house because it is raining. (Chúng tôi ở trong nhà vì trời đang
mưa.)
We choose that option because it will help us to save marketing cost the most.
(Chúng tôi chọn phương án đó vì nó sẽ chúng chúng tôi tiết kiệm chi phí marketing
nhất.)
I like this one cause it is in green, that’s my favorite color. (Tôi thích cái này vì nó
màu xanh lá, đó là màu yêu thích của tôi.)
2 – Cấu trúc because of
2.1 – Công thức:
Nhìn từ các ví dụ này thì bạn cũng có thể đoán được là phia sau because of là các
danh từ hoặc là các cụm danh động từ .Because of + noun/ pronoun/ noun phrase
Ví dụ:
Because of the rain, we stay at our house. (Vì cơn mưa mà chúng tôi ở nhà.)
I decided to stay because of you. (Anh đã quyết định ở lại vì em đó.)
We were late because of the heavy traffic jam. (Chúng tôi đã đến muộn vì tắc
đường.)
She broke up with Jimmy because of his jealousy. (Cô ấy đã chia tay Jimmy vì tính
ghen tuông của anh ấy.)
Khi bạn sử dụng thành thạo because of rồi thì có thể bạn sẽ còn “nghiện” cấu
trúc này, bởi đặc điểm của nó là rút ngắn được câu. Trong các trường hợp trang
trọng hơn thì người bản ngữ cũng ưu tiên dùng because of vì cấu trúc này “che
giấu” được chủ thể thực hiện hành động, chỉ nêu cần nêu ra sự việc, giảm đi tính
cá nhân, tính công kích.
2.2 – Chuyển mẫu câu từ dùng because sang because of và ngược lại
Khi chuyển từ cấu trúc ngữ pháp tiếng Anh because sang cấu trúc because of ta
phải biến mệnh đề phía sau thành một danh từ, cụm danh từ hay danh động từ.
Lưu ý rằng nếu sau Because có “to be” hoặc “here, there” thì hãy bỏ nó đi, sau
đó tiếp tục xét 6 trường hợp sau đây.
a – Hai chủ ngữ ở 2 mệnh đề giống nhau
– Hai chủ ngữ giống nhau: bỏ chủ ngữ ở cấu trúc because, thêm “ing” vào động
từ.
I failed the exam because I overslept.
→ I failed the exam because of oversleeping.
b – Tân ngữ trong mệnh đề chứa because là một danh từ:
Trong trường hợp này, chúng ta chỉ cần bỏ đi chủ ngữ, sử dụng danh từ.
Ví dụ: Because there was a heavy traffic jam, we were late.
→ Because of the heavy traffic jam, we were late.
c – Tân ngữ có tính từ đứng trước danh từ
Trong trường hợp này, chúng ta chỉ cần đưa tính từ lên trước danh từ, bỏ đi các
phần không cần thiết.
Ví dụ: Because the traffic jam was heavy, we were late.
→ Because of the heavy traffic jam, we were late.
d – Một tính từ:
Trong trường hợp này, chúng ta đổi tính từ thành danh từ.
Ví dụ: Because it is raining, I stayed at my house.
→ Because of the rain, I stayed at my house.
e – Cách chuyển về dạng sở hữu: dùng danh từ dạng sở hữu.
Ví dụ: Because I was lazy, I failed the exam.
→ Because of my laziness, I failed the exam.
f – Sử dụng “the fact that”
Quy tắc chung cho đa số trường hợp: dùng cụm “the fact that ” đặt trước mệnh
đề muốn chuyển. Cách làm này chỉ sử dụng khi chúng ta không thể chuyển đổi
được bằng các cách trên và đúng cho đa số các trường hợp.
Ví dụ: Because Kim is short, she cannot reach the clock on the wall.
→ Because of the fact that Kim is short, she cannot reach the clock on the wall.

Phần II. Bài tập

Task 1. Choose the best answer to complete these sentences.
1. _______ he likes chocolate, he tries not to eat it.
A. as
B.though
C. since
D. despite
2. _______________ he had enough money, he refused to buy a new car.
A. In spite
B. In spite of
C. Despite
D. Although
3. _______________, he walked to the station.
A. Despite being tired
B. Although to be tired
C. In spite being tired
D. Despite tired
4. ________________ her lack of hard work, she was promoted.
A. Because
B. Even though
C. In spite of
D. Despite of
5. She left him _______________ she still loved him.
A. even if
B. even though
C. in spite of
D. despite
Task 2. Choose the best answer to complete these sentences.
1. Mr. Ba was late for the meeting though he took a taxi.
A. Even though taking a taxi, Mr. Ba was late for the meeting.
B. In spite of taking a taxi, but Mr. Ba was late for the meeting.
C. Mr. Ba was late for the meeting despite the fact he took a taxi.
D. Mr. Ba was late for the meeting although having taken a taxi.
2. We came to the meeting on time though the traffic was heavy.
A. Despite the traffic was heavy; we came to the meeting on time.
B. In spite of the heavy traffic, we came to the meeting on time.
C. Even though the heavy traffic, we came to the meeting on time.
D. Although the traffic was heavy, but we came to the meeting on time.
3. Although he took a taxi, Bill still arrived late for the concert.
A. Bill arrived late for the concert whether he took a taxi or not.
B. Bill arrived late for the concert because of the taxi.
C. In spite of taking a taxi, Bill arrived late for the concert.
D. Bill took a taxi to the concert, but he couldn’t catch it.
4. Although she is rich, she can’t afford to buy the car.
A. She doesn’t have enough money to buy the car she likes.
B. Rich as she is, she can’t afford to buy the car.
C. The car is too expensive for her to buy.
D. She wants to buy the car but it costs a lot.
5. Although Sue felt tired, she stayed up late talking to Jill.
A. Despite feeling tired, Sue stayed up late talking to Jill.
B. In spite feeling tired, Sue stayed up late talking to Jill.
C. Sue wouldn’t feel tired despite staying up late talking to Jill.
D. Sue stayed up late talking to Jill. As a result, she was tired.
Task 4. Viết lại câu.

⇒ Despite / In spite of .........

1. Although Nam is not an intelligent student, he can learn very fast.

⇒ Because of ..........
2. Because Hoa was rich, she could buy that house.

⇒ Because of ..........
3. Because the rain was so heavy, I couldn't go to school.

⇒ Because of .........
4. His father asked him to go stay at home because he was sick.

⇒ Because of ..........
5. Because there was an accident, I was late.

Task 6. Make one sentence from two. Use the word(s) in brackets in your
sentences.
1. I couldn't sleep. I was very tired.
(despite) I couldn't sleep despite being vey tired.
2. They have very little money. They are happy.
(in spite of) ................................
3. My foot was injured. I managed to walk to the nearest village.
(although) ...................................
4. I enjoyed the film. The story was silly.
(in spite of) ................................
5. We live in the same street. We hardly ever see each other.
(despite) ....................................
6. I got very wet in the rain. I was only out for five minutes.
(even though) ................................
Task 7. Complete the sentences, using although, despite/in spite of. Sometimes,
two answers are possible.
1. ______ the story of the film was good, I didn’t like the acting.
2. I went to see the film ______ feeling really tired.
3.I really enjoyed the Water War_____ most of my friends said it wasn’t a very
good film.
4. ______ careful preparation, they had a lot of difficulties in making the film.
5. ______ the film was gripping, Tom slept from beginning to end.
Task 8. Rewrite these sentences below withh Althought, Despite, In spite..

⇒ Despite / In spite of .........

1. Although Bean is not an intelligent children, he can speak English very well

⇒ Because of .........
2. Because Phuong was tall, she never wear high heals

3. Because the wind was so heavy, I couldn’t go to home

⇒ Because of .........

⇒ Because of .........
4. Her mother asked her to go stay at home because she was headache

⇒ Because of .........
5. Because there was traffic jams, I was late.

Task 9. Viết lại câu.

⇒ Because of .......
1. She failed the University entrance exam because her grades were bad.

2. Although he has a physical handicap, he has become a successful business

⇒ Despite .......
man.

⇒ Because .......
3. Because of the cheap price, my wife insists on buying the Tivi.

⇒ Despite / In spite of .......

4. Although it was raining heavily, we still went to school.

⇒ Because of .......
5. Because I studied hard, I passed the exam.

Task 10. Choose the best answer to complete these sentences.

1. Last night we came to the show late _______the traffic was terrible.
A. although
B. despite
C. and
D. because
2. _______there is a lot of noise in the city, I prefer living there.
A. despite
B. in spite of
C. because of
D. though
3. _______ the weather, we went sailing.
A. despite
B. in spite of
C. although
D. A and B
4. _______Hudson led early, he lost the race.
A. though
B. although
C. even though
D. all are correct
5. In spite of not speaking French, Mike decided to settle in Paris.
A. Even though Mike didn’t speak French, but he decided to settle in Paris.
B. Mike decided to settle in Paris despite he didn’t speak French.
C. Mike decided to settle in Paris though the fact that not speaking French.
D. Although Mike didn’t speak French; he decided to settle in Paris.
Task 2: Make one sentence from two. Use the word(s) in brackets in your
sentences.
 1. It was late. He insisted on finishing his work before going to bed.
(although)
→ __________________________________.
2. They decided to go for a walk in the park. There was a heavy rain. (in spite
of)
→___________________________________.
3. He picked it up quickly. It was his first time skiing. (even though)
→ ___________________________________.
4. They faced criticism. They continued with their innovative approach.
(despite)
→____________________________________.
5. The test was challenging. He scored well. (though)
→____________________________________.
Task 3: Rewrite sentence.

1. Although it was his first time driving in the city, he navigated through
traffic successfully.
→ Despite __________________________________.
2. Although he had studied hard, he didn't perform well in the exam.
→ In spite of __________________________________.
→ In spite of __________________________________.
3. Although it was raining heavily, they still went for a hike in the mountains.
→ Despite __________________________________.
→ Despite __________________________________.
4. Although she had a sore throat, she sang beautifully in the choir concert.
→ In spite of __________________________________.
→ Inspite of __________________________________.
5. Although he didn't win the competition, he was proud of his performance.
→ Despite __________________________________.
→ Despite __________________________________.
6. Despite having little experience, she excelled in her new job.
→ Although __________________________________.
7. Despite the fact that he was injured, he insisted on playing in the soccer
match.
→ Even though __________________________________.
8. Despite the heavy rain, they decided to go camping.
→ Though __________________________________.
9. Despite having limited resources, they were able to complete the
renovation.
→ Even though __________________________________.
 10. Despite the fact that she was nervous, she delivered a confident speech.
→ Though __________________________________.

Phần III. Bài tập bổ sung

Exercise 1. Rewrite the following sentences as indicated.
1. Although I was late, I didn’t miss the bus.
In spite of _______________________________________.
2. In spite of the rain, they went to the football match.
Although ________________________________________.
3. Kate never learnt Spanish. She lived in Spain for years.
Although ________________________________________.
4. I got very wet in the rain. I had an umbrella.
Although ________________________________________.
5. They have very little money. They are happy.
In spite of _______________________________________.
6. David smokes. He seems to be in good health.
Although _______________________________________.
7. In spite of the high prices, my roommates go to the movies every Saturday.
Although _______________________________________.
8. Even though she had a poor memory, she told interesting stories to the
children.
In spite of _______________________________________.
9. In spite of their poverty, they are very generous.
Although _______________________________________.
10. Though she has been absent frequently, he has managed to pass the test.
In spite of _______________________________________.
11. In spite of Lee’s Sadness at losing the contest, she managed to smile.
Although _______________________________________.
12. Although Tom was a poor student, he studied very well.
In spite of _______________________________________.
13. Although the weather was bad, she went to school on time.
In spite of _______________________________________.
14. My mother told me to go to school although I was sick.
In spite of _______________________________________.
15. Although Nam is not a smart student, he learns very hard.
In spite of _______________________________________.
16. Although he has a physical handicap, he has become a successful business
man.
In spite of _______________________________________.
17. Although it was raining heavily, we still went to school.
In spite of _______________________________________.
18. Although his friend was sick, she still went to work yesterday.
In spite of _______________________________________.
19. In spite of the dirty room, Salim didn’t clean it.
Although ________________________________________.
20. In spite of her unkind behavior, we still love her.
Although ________________________________________.
21. Although there was the traffic jam, they went to the post office.
In spite of _______________________________________.
22. In spite of the fact that Tony learnt very hard, he failed this test.
Although ________________________________________.
23. Although my uncle was tired, he still drove a hundred kilometers to the next
city.
In spite of ________________________________________.
24. Her brother really enjoyed this job although the salary was very low.
In spite of ________________________________________.
25. The film poster is wonderful. I don’t like to see it.
Although _________________________________________.