19ECSP2014/1: Microstrip Components and Antennas

Course Category: Program Elective - I Credits: 3

Course Type: Theory Lecture - Tutorial -Practice: 3
Prerequisites: Antennas Continuous Evaluation: 40
Semester end Evaluation: 60
Total Marks: 100

Course Upon successful completion of the course, the student will be able to:
outcomes
CO1 Comprehend the properties of microstrip transmission lines and components.
Analyze the performance characteristics of low pass, high pass, band pass and
CO2
Band stop filters.
CO3 Analyze various parameters of rectangular microstrip antennas.

CO4 Understand behavior of broadband and loaded microstrip antennas.

Contribution PO1 PO2 PO 3 PO 4 PO5
of Course
Outcomes CO1 M
towards CO2 M
achievement
CO3 M
of Program
Outcomes
(L – Low, M - CO4 M
Medium, H –
High)
Course UNIT I:
Content MICROSTRIP TRANSMISSION LINES AND COMPONENTS
Microstrip Lines- Microstrip Structure, Waves in Microstrip, Quasi-TEM
Approximation , Effective Dielectric Constant and Characteristic Impedance,
Guided Wavelength, Propagation Constant, Phase , Velocity, and Electrical Length,
Synthesis of W/h, Effect of Strip Thickness, Dispersion in Microstrip, Microstrip
Losses, Effect of Enclosure, Surface Waves and Higher-Order Modes.
Coupled Lines - Even- and Odd-Mode Capacitances, Even- and Odd-Mode
Characteristic Impedances and Effective, Dielectric Constants, More Accurate
Design Equations.
Discontinuities and Components - Microstrip Discontinuities, Microstrip
Components, Loss Considerations for Microstrip Resonators, Other Types of
Microstrip Lines.(10 Hrs)
UNIT II:
LOW PASS AND BAND PASS FILTERS:
Low pass Filters- Stepped-Impedance L-C Ladder Type Low pass Filters, L-C
Ladder Type of Low pass Filters using Open-Circuited Stubs,
Band pass Filters- End-Coupled, Half-Wavelength Resonator Filters, Parallel-
Coupled, Half-Wavelength Resonator Filters, Hairpin-Line Band pass Filters, Inter
digital Band pass Filters,
HIGHPASS AND BANDSTOP FILTERS:
High pass Filters- Quasilumped High pass Filters, Optimum Distributed High pass
Filters. Band stop Filters- Narrow-Band Band stop Filters, Band stop Filters with
 Open-Circuited Stubs, Optimum Bandstop Filters, Bandstop Filters for RF Chokes.
( 10 Hrs)
UNIT III:
MICROSTRIP RADIATORS
Review of various Microstrip antenna configurations, Feeding techniques and
modelling, Radiation fields, Surface waves.
ANALYTICAL MODELS FOR MICROSTRIP ANTENNAS
Introduction, Transmission line model, Cavity model, generalized cavity model,
multiport network model.
RECTANGULAR MICROSTIP ANTENNAS
Introduction, Models for Rectangular patch antennas, Design considerations of
rectangular patch antennas.( 15 Hrs)
UNIT – IV:
BROADBANDING OF MICROSTIP ANTENNAS
Introduction, Effects of substrate parameters on bandwidth, Selection of suitable
patch shape, Selection of suitable feeding technique.
LOADED MICROSTRIP ANTENNAS & APPLICATIONS
Introduction, Polarization diversity using microstrip antennas, Frequency agile
microstrip antennas, Radiation pattern control of microstrip antennas, loading effect
of short, compact patch antennas.( 10 Hrs)
Text books Text Books:
and Reference 1. Microstrip Filters for RF / Microwave Applications- JIA- Sheng Hong,
books M.J.Lancaster, John Wiley & Sons. 2001. (Unit I and II)
2. Microstrip Antenna Design Hand Book – Ramesh Garg, Prakash
Bhartia,Inder Bahl, Apisak Ittipiboon, Artech House,2001. (Unit III and IV)
Reference Books:
1. Prakash Bhartia and Inder Bahl Microstrip Antennas Artech House.
2. Girish Kumar, K.P.Ray Broad Band Microstrip Antennas , Artech
House,2003.
3. Charles A. Lee & G.Conrod Delman Microwave Devices Circuits and their
Applications, John Wiley & Sons.
4. Kin-Lu Wong Compact Broad Band Microstrip Antennas, John Wiley &
Sons. 2002
E-resources https://nptel.ac.in/courses/108101112/
and other https://nptel.ac.in/courses/108101092/
digital
material
 19ECSP2014/3: RF and Microwave Circuit Design

Course Category: Programme Elective III Credits: 3

Course Type: Theory Lecture - Tutorial -Practice: 3-0-0
Prerequisites: Electromagnetic Theory and Continuous Evaluation: 40
Microwave Engineering Semester end Evaluation: 60
Total Marks: 100

Course Outcomes Upon successful completion of the course, the student will be able to:
Demonstrate on the RF design concept and impart knowledge on
CO1
design and implementation of high frequency Transceiver system.
Analyze various components of RF communication system
CO2 architecture.
Analyze the structure, characteristics, operation and other
CO3
important aspects of microwave solid state active devices
Demonstrate on the MMIC, their applications, advantages, various
CO4 fabrication techniques, encapsulation and mounting of active
devices.
Contribution of PO1 PO2 PO 3 PO 4 PO5
Course Outcomes CO1 L M L M
towards achievement CO2 H M H H
of Program Outcomes CO3 H M H H
(L - Low, M - Medium, M
H - High) CO4 M M H
Course Content UNIT I:
Importance of RF Design. Dimension and Units. Frequency Spectrum. RF
Behavior of Passive Components: High Frequency Resistors, High-
Frequency Capacitors and High-Frequency Inductors. Chip Components
and Circuit Board Considerations: Chip Resistors, Chip Capacitors and
Surface-Mounted Inductors. (10 Hrs)

UNIT II:
A brief overview of RF Filter: Filter Types and Parameters, Low-Pass
Filter, High-Pass Filter, Bandpass and Band stop Filters, Insertion Loss,
Butterworth-Type, Chebyshev and Denormalization of Standard Low-Pass
Design. Filter Implementations: Unit Elements, Kuroda’s Identities and
Examples of Microstrip Filter Design. Coupled Filter : Odd and Even
Mode Excitation, Bandpass Filter Section, Cascading Bandpass Filter
Elements, Design Examples.
Characteristics of Amplifier. Amplifier Power Relations: RF Source,
Transducer Power gain and Additional Power Relations. Stability
Considerations: Stability Circles, Unconditional Stability and Stabilization
Methods. Constant Gain: Unilateral Design, Unilateral Figure of Merit,
Bilateral Design and Power Gain Circles. Noise Figure Circles. Constant
VSWR Circles. Broadband, High-Power and Multistage Amplifiers.(15
Hrs)
UNIT III:
Semiconductor Basics: Physical Properties of Semiconductors, PN
Junction and Schottky Contact. RF Diodes :Schottky, PIN, Varactor,
 IMPATT, Tunnel, TRAPATT, BARRITT and Gunn Diodes. Bipolar
Junction, RF Field Effect and HighElectron Mobility Transistors:
Construction, Functionality, Frequency Response, Temperature Behaviour
and Limiting Values. (10 Hrs)

UNIT IV:
Introduction, Materials: Substrate Materials, Conductor Materials,
Dielectric Materials and Resistive Materials. Monolithic Microwave
Integrated Circuits (MMICs) and their advantages over discrete circuits.
Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuit Growth: MMIC Fabrication
Techniques and Fabrication Examples. MOSFET Fabrication: MOSFET
Formation, NMOS Growth, CMOS Development and Memory
Construction. Thin-Film Formation: Planar Resistor Film, Planar Inductor
Film and Planar Capacitor Film. Hybrid Integrated Circuit Fabrication. (10
Hrs)
Text Books and Text Books:
Reference Books 1. “RF Circuit Design: Theory & Applications, Pearson, 2nd Edition,
2009” by Reinhold Ludwig and Gene Bogdanov. ( Unit I-III)
2. “Microwave Devices & Circuits, Pearson, 3rd Edition, 2003” by
Samuel Y. Liao. (Unit IV)
Reference Books:
1. “Microwave Integrated Circuits, Wiley” by K. C. Gupta and Amarjit
Singh. (For Unit 4)
E-resources and Other 1. NPTEL Online Course - RF Integrated Circuits by Dr. Shouribrata
Digital Material Chatterjee, IIT Delhi. (Website Link :
https://nptel.ac.in/courses/117102012/)
2. NPTEL Online Course - Design Principles of RF and Microwave
Filters and Amplifiers by Dr. Amitabha Bhattacharya, IIT Kharagpur.
(Website Link : https://nptel.ac.in/courses/117105138/)
3. NPTEL Online Course - Microwave Integrated Circuits by Dr. Jayanta
Mukherjee, IIT Kharagpur. (Website Link :
https://nptel.ac.in/courses/117101119/)
 15ECSP1006/1

ANTENNAS FOR WIRELESS COMMUNICATION

Lecture : 3 Hrs/ Week Practical: - Internal Assessment: 40

Credits : 3 Final Examination: 60

Course outcomes:
Upon successful completion of the course, the student will be able to
1. Analyze the concepts of smart antennas for various means of beam forming.
2. Evaluate the antennas required in different mobile communication and intelligent
transportation systems such as on Cars, Trains and Buses
3. Demonstrate the different types Land Mobile Antenna Systems for Pagers and
Portable Phones with safety aspects.
4. Analyze various types of antennas used in Aeronautical Mobile satellite and
Aeronautical Mobile Communication systems.

UNIT - I: Introduction to Smart antennas: Spatial Processing for Wireless Systems:

Key benefits of Smart Antenna Technology, Introduction to Smart antenna technology, The
vector Channel Impulse Response and the Spectral Signature, Spectral Processing Receivers,
Fixed Beamforming Networks, Switched beam Systems, Adaptive antenna Systems,
Wideband Smart Antennas, spatial diversity-Diversity combining-Sectoring.

UNIT - II: Land Mobile Antenna Systems-Basic Techniques and Application: Antennas,
Propagation Problems, Base station antenna Techniques, Mobile Station Antenna
Techniques, Development in Mobile Phone Antenna Car Installations.
Land Mobile Antenna Systems for Cars, Trains, Buses: Antenna Systems for Broadcast
Reception in Cars, Antenna Systems for TV Reception in Cars, Antenna Systems for
Shinkansen (New Bullet Train), Antenna Systems for City Bus Operation.

UNIT - III: Land Mobile Antenna Systems for Pagers, Portable Phones and Safety:
Practical Requirements and Constraints on Pager Antenna Design, Pager type and
Performance, Design Techniques for Portable Phone Antennas, Portable Phone Antenna
Systems, Safety Aspects of Portable and Mobile Communication Antenna Design.

UNIT - IV:
Antennas for Mobile satellite systems: Introduction, system requirements for vehicle
antennas, Omnidirectional Antennas for mobile satellite communications, Directional
antennas for mobile satellite communications, Antenna system for GPS, Antenna system for
satellite broadcasting.
Antenna Systems for Aeronautical Mobile Communications: Propagation Problems,
General Requirements and Remarks, Current Airborne Antennas, Advanced Circularly
Polarized Antennas.
 Text Books:
1. Joseph C.Liberti & Theodore S. Rappaport ―Smart Antennas for Wireless
Communication, Prentice Hall Communication Engineering Series.1999.(Unit-I)
2. K.Fujimoto, J.R.James, ―Mobile Antenna Systems Handbook, II nd Edition, Artech
House, 2001.(Unit-II,III,IV)

Reference Books:
1. KIN-LU WANG ―Planar Antenna for Wireless Communications, John-Wiley 2002.
2. Girish Kumar, K. P. Ray, Broadband Microstrip Antenna, Artech House, Boston,
London, 2003
3. J. Bhal and P. Bhartia, Microstrip Antennas, Artech House, Dedham, 1980.
4. BALANIS.A ―Antenna Theory Analysis and Design, John Wiley and Sons, New York,
2000
 15ECSP2006/3

ANN FOR RF AND MICROWAVE DESIGN

Lecture : 3 Hrs/ Week Practical: - Internal Assessment: 40

Credits : 3 Final Examination: 60

Prerequisites: Basic course on ANN

Course outcomes:
Upon successful completion of the course, the students will be able to
1. Understand the anatomy of the overall design process.
2. Discuss various structures used for constructing Neural Networks.
3. Use various algorithms for training the ANNs.
4. Model different MW devices and circuits using ANN.

UNIT-I
INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW
RF and microwave design, Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs)
MODELING AND OPTIMIZATION FOR DESIGN
The design process, Anatomy of the design process, Conventional design procedures, CAD
Approach, Knowledge-Aided Design (KAD) Approach, RF and Microwave circuit CAD,
Modeling of circuit components, Computer Aided analysis Techniques, Circuit Optimization,
CAD for printed RF and Microwave antennas, Modeling of printed Patches and slots,
Analysis of printed patches and slots, Role of ANNs in RF and Microwave CAD, Modeling
of RF and Microwave components, Efficient Optimization strategies, Implementation of
Knowledge- Aided Design (KAD)

UNIT-II
NEURAL NETWORK STRUCTURES
Introduction, Generic notation, Highlights of Neural network modeling approach, Multilayer
Perceptron (MLP), MLP structures, Information processing by a Neuron, Activation
functions, Effects of Bias, Neural Network Feed Forward, Universal approximation Theorem,
Number of Neurons, Number of layers, Back Propagation (BP), Training Process, Error Back
Propagation, Radial Basis function networks (RBF), RBF network structure, Feed forward
computation, Universal approximation Theorem, Two-Step training of RBF networks,
Comparison of MLP and RBF neural networks, Wavelet Neural networks, Wavelet
Transform, Wavelet networks and feed forward computation, Wavelet neural network with
direct feed forward from input to output, Wavelet network training, Initialization of
Wavelets, Arbitrary Structures, Clustering Algorithms and self-organizing maps, Basic
concepts of Clustering Problems, K-Means algorithm, Self-Organizing Map (SOM), SOM
training, Using a Trained SOM, Recurrent Neural Networks

UNIT-III
TRAINING OF NEURAL NETWORKS
Microwave neural modeling: Problem statement, Key issues in neural model development,
Data generation, Range and distribution of samples in model input parameter space, Data
splitting, Data scaling, Initialization of neural model weight parameters, Over learning and
Under learning, Quality measurement for a neural model, Neural network training,
Categorization of training techniques, Gradient-based methods, Line minimization, Local
Minimum and Global Minimum, Back propagation Algorithm and its Variants, Training
Algorithms Using Gradient-Based optimization techniques, Conjugate Gradient Training
method, Quasi-Network Training Method, Levenberg-Marquardt and Gauss-Newton training
Methods, Non Gradient-Based Training: Simplex Method, Training with Global
Optimization Methods, Generic algorithms, Simulated Annealing (SA) algorithms, Training
Algorithms Utilizing Decomposed Optimization, Comparisons of Different Training
techniques, Feed forward Neural networks Training: Examples.

UNIT-IV
MODEL FOR RF AND MICROWAVE COMPONENETS
Modeling Procedure, Selection of model inputs and outputs, Training Data Generation, Error
measures, Integration of EM-ANN Models with circuit simulators, Models for vias and
Multilayer interconnects, Microstrip Transmission line model, Broadband GaAs One-Port
Microstrip Via, Broadband GaAs Two-Port microstrip Via, Microstrip-to-Microstrip
Multilayer interconnect, Integration of EM-ANN models with a network simulator, EM-ANN
Models for CPW components, EM-ANN modeling of CPW transmission lines, Modeling of
CPW Bends, EM-ANN Models for CPW opens and shorts, EM-ANN Modeling of CPW
Step-in-Width, EM-ANN Modeling of CPW symmetric T-Junctions, Other passive
component Models, Spiral Inductors, Multi conductor Transmission Lines, Micro Strip patch
antennas, Waveguide Filter Components.

TEXT BOOK:
1. Q J Zhang and K C Gupta Neural Networks for RF and Microwave Design Artech
House,2000
 19ECSP2014/3
RF and Microwave Circuit Design

Lecture : 3 Hrs/ Week Practical: - Internal Assessment: 40

Credits : 3 Final Examination: 60

Prerequisites: Electromagnetic Theory and Microwave Engineering

Course outcomes:
Upon successful completion of the course, the student will be able to:

1. Demonstrate on the RF design concept and impart knowledge on design and

implementation of high frequency Transceiver system.
2. Analyze various components of RF communication system architecture.
3. Analyze the structure, characteristics, operation and other important aspects of microwave
solid state active devices
4. Demonstrate on the MMIC, their applications, advantages, various fabrication techniques,
encapsulation and mounting of active devices.

UNIT I:
Importance of RF Design, Dimension and Units, Frequency Spectrum, RF Behavior of
Passive Components: High Frequency Resistors, High-Frequency Capacitors and High-
Frequency Inductors. Chip Components and Circuit Board Considerations: Chip Resistors,
Chip Capacitors and Surface-Mounted Inductors.

UNIT II:
A brief overview of RF Filter: Filter Types and Parameters, Low-Pass Filter, High-Pass
Filter, Bandpass and Band stop Filters, Insertion Loss, Butterworth-Type, Chebyshev and
Denormalization of Standard Low-Pass Design. Filter Implementations: Unit Elements,
Kuroda’s Identities and Examples of Microstrip Filter Design. Coupled Filter: Odd and Even
Mode Excitation, Bandpass Filter Section, Cascading Bandpass Filter Elements, Design
Examples.

Characteristics of Amplifier. Amplifier Power Relations: RF Source, Transducer Power gain

and Additional Power Relations. Stability Considerations: Stability Circles, Unconditional
Stability and Stabilization Methods. Constant Gain: Unilateral Design, Unilateral Figure of
Merit, Bilateral Design and Power Gain Circles. Noise Figure Circles. Constant VSWR
Circles. Broadband, High-Power and Multistage Amplifiers.

UNIT III:
Semiconductor Basics: Physical Properties of Semiconductors, PN Junction and Schottky
Contact. RF Diodes: Schottky, PIN, Varactor, IMPATT, Tunnel, TRAPATT, BARRITT and
Gunn Diodes. Bipolar Junction, RF Field Effect and HighElectron Mobility Transistors:
Construction, Functionality, Frequency Response, Temperature Behaviour and Limiting
Values.

UNIT IV:
Introduction, Materials: Substrate Materials, Conductor Materials, Dielectric Materials and
Resistive Materials. Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuits (MMICs) and their
advantages over discrete circuits. Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuit Growth: MMIC
Fabrication Techniques and Fabrication Examples. MOSFET Fabrication: MOSFET
Formation, NMOS Growth, CMOS Development and Memory Construction. Thin-Film
Formation: Planar Resistor Film, Planar Inductor Film and Planar Capacitor Film. Hybrid
Integrated Circuit Fabrication.

Text Books:
1. “RF Circuit Design: Theory & Applications, Pearson, 2nd Edition, 2009” by Reinhold
Ludwig and Gene Bogdanov. ( Unit I-III)
2. “Microwave Devices & Circuits, Pearson, 3rd Edition, 2003” by Samuel Y. Liao. (Unit
IV)

Reference Books:
1. “Microwave Integrated Circuits, Wiley” by K. C. Gupta and Amarjit Singh. (For Unit 4)

E-resources and Other Digital Material

1. NPTEL Online Course - RF Integrated Circuits by Dr. Shouribrata Chatterjee, IIT Delhi.
(Website Link : https://nptel.ac.in/courses/117102012/)
2. NPTEL Online Course - Design Principles of RF and Microwave Filters and Amplifiers
by Dr. Amitabha Bhattacharya, IIT Kharagpur. (Website Link :
https://nptel.ac.in/courses/117105138/)
3. NPTEL Online Course - Microwave Integrated Circuits by Dr. Jayanta Mukherjee, IIT
Kharagpur. (Website Link : https://nptel.ac.in/courses/117101119/)